CN102186793B - 电介体陶瓷及层叠陶瓷电容器 - Google Patents

电介体陶瓷及层叠陶瓷电容器 Download PDF

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CN102186793B
CN102186793B CN200980141724.5A CN200980141724A CN102186793B CN 102186793 B CN102186793 B CN 102186793B CN 200980141724 A CN200980141724 A CN 200980141724A CN 102186793 B CN102186793 B CN 102186793B
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dielectric ceramic
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ceramic
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internal electrode
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CN102186793A (zh
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井上德之
西村仁志
冈松俊宏
冈本贵史
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Murata Manufacturing Co Ltd
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Abstract

本发明提供一种电介体陶瓷，即使在15kV/mm程度的较高的电场强度下，也显示出较高的耐高温负载特性。一种电介体陶瓷，将通式用(Ba1-h-i-mCahSriGdm)k(Ti1-y-j-n-o-pZryHfjMgnZnoMnp)O3表示的钙钛矿化合物作为主要成分，其特征在于，满足0≤h≤0.03、0≤i≤0.03、0.042≤m≤0.074、0.94≤k≤1.075、0≤(y+j)≤0.05、0.015≤n≤0.07、0≤o≤0.04、0≤p≤0.05、及1.0＜m/(n+o)＜4.3。该电介体陶瓷有利于用作层叠陶瓷电容器(1)中具备的电介体陶瓷层(3)的材料。

Description

电介体陶瓷及层叠陶瓷电容器
技术领域
本发明涉及电介体陶瓷及用该电介体陶瓷构成的层叠陶瓷电容器，特别涉及在比较大的电场下使用的电介体陶瓷。
背景技术
层叠陶瓷电容器，一般如以下操作来制造。
首先，准备含有电介体陶瓷原料粉末的陶瓷生片，在该陶瓷生片的表面上附加了具有所期望的图案而成为内部电极的导电材料。使用例如主要成分为BaTiO3的电介体陶瓷。
接着，层叠含有附加了上述的导电材料的陶瓷生片的多个陶瓷生片，并进行热压合，由此制造出一体化的生的层叠体。
接着，烧制该生的层叠体，从而得到烧结后的层叠体。在该层叠体的内部形成有具有上述的导电材料而构成的内部电极。
然后，在层叠体的外表面上，以和内部电极电连接的方式形成外部电极。外部电极是通过例如将含有导电性金属粉末及玻璃料的导电性浆料附加在层叠体的外表面上，并烧结而形成。
这样操作，完成层叠电容器。
近年来，对层叠陶瓷电容器，从小型化/大容量化的要求来看，追求将电介体陶瓷层每一层的厚度变薄。若电介体陶瓷层的厚度变薄，由于与电介体陶瓷相关联的电场强度相对地增强，以往需要确保以上的较强的电场强度中的绝缘性、可靠性。
例如，在专利文献1中，公开有在温度为150℃、电场强度为10kV/mm的高温负载试验中，显示出较高寿命特性的电介体陶瓷。
现有技术文献
专利文献
专利文献1：WO2004/067473号公报
发明内容
发明所要解决的问题
但是，在专利文献1记载的电介体陶瓷中，当适用超过10kV/mm的电场强度时，存在高温负载试验中的寿命特性有所降低的问题。
于是，本发明的目的在于，提供一种即使在15kV/mm程度的较高的电场强度下，也能够显示充分的耐高温负载特性的电介体陶瓷、及用该电介体陶瓷构成的层叠陶瓷电容器。
解决技术问题的手段
为了解决上述的技术课题，本发明的电介体陶瓷，将通式(Ba1-h-i-mCahSriGdm)k(Ti1-y-j-n-o-pZryHfjMgnZnoMnp)O3表示的钙钛矿化合物作为主要成分，其特征在于，满足0≤h≤0.03、0≤i≤0.03、0.042≤m≤0.074、0.94≤k≤1.075、0≤(y+j)≤0.05、0.015≤n≤0.07、0≤o≤0.04、0≤p≤0.05、及1.0＜m/(n+o)＜4.3。
本发明的电介体陶瓷，优选相对于所述主要成分100摩尔份数，含有M为(M为选自V、Cr、Cu及Ni中的至少一种)3.0摩尔份数以下，且含有Si为0.2～8摩尔份数。
另外，本发明的电介体陶瓷，优选相对于所述主要成分100摩尔份数，含有R为(R为选自La、Ce、Pr、Nd、Sm、Eu、Tb、Dy、Ho、Er、Tm、Yb、Lu、Y及Sc中的至少一种)2.0摩尔份数以下。
另外，本发明也可用作具备含有层叠的多层电介体陶瓷层及沿电介体陶瓷层间的特定的界面形成的内部电极的层叠体、和按照与内部电极中的特定的内部电极电连接的方式在层叠体的外表面上形成的外部电极的层叠陶瓷电容器。本发明的层叠陶瓷电容器，其特征在于，所述电介体陶瓷层由本发明的电介体陶瓷构成。
发明效果
根据本发明的电介体陶瓷，通过固熔于钙钛矿的A点的Gd和固熔于钙钛矿的B点的Mg的相互作用，即使在较高的电场强度下也能够获得优良的耐高温负载特性。特别地，由于Gd的含量比较多，相对于Mg的含量形成适当的含有比例，因此即使在15kV/mm程度的较大的电场强度下也能够确保优良的耐高温负载特性。
附图说明
图1是图解地表示使用本发明的电介体陶瓷构成的层叠陶瓷电容器1的剖面图。
具体实施方式
参照图1，有利于适用本发明的电介体陶瓷的层叠陶瓷电容器1的结构进行说明。
层叠陶瓷电容器1具备层叠体2。层叠体2的构成为，具有层叠的多层电介体陶瓷层3和沿多层电介体陶瓷层3之间的特定的多个界面分别形成的多个内部电极4及5。
内部电极4及5优选为将Ni作为主要成分。内部电极4及5虽然以到达层叠体2的外表面的方式形成，但引出至层叠体2的一个端面6的内部电极4和引出至另一端面7的内部电极5在层叠体2的内部交替配置。
在层叠体2的外表面上，即端面6及7上，分别形成有外部电极8及9。外部电极8及9通过涂敷例如将Cu作为主要成分的导电性浆料并烧结而形成。一个外部电极8在端面6上与内部电极4电连接，另一外部电极9在端面7上与内部电极5电连接。
为了使钎焊性良好，根据需要，在外部电极8及9上分别形成由Ni等形成的第1镀膜10及11，进而在其上形成由Sn等形成的第2镀膜12及13。
在该种层叠陶瓷电容器1中，电介体陶瓷层3由本发明的电介体陶瓷构成。本发明的电介体陶瓷，将通式用(Ba1-h-i-mCahSriGdm)k(Ti1-y-j-n-o-pZryHfjMgnZnoMnp)O3表示的钙钛矿化合物作为主要成分，其特征在于，满足0≤h≤0.03、0≤i≤0.03、0.042≤m≤0.074、0.94≤k≤1.075、0≤(y+j)≤0.05、0.015≤n≤0.07、0≤o≤0.04、0≤p≤0.05、及1.0＜m/(n+o)＜4.3。
在本发明的将BaTiO3类作为主要成分的上述电介体陶瓷中，其特征在于，Gd固熔于钙钛矿的A点，且Mg固熔于B点。
观察如所述电介体陶瓷的微观结构时，在将BaTiO3类作为主要成分的主晶粒中，Gd及Mg几乎均匀地存在于粒子内部。此时，若Gd的含量m和Mg的含量n满足本发明中规定的范围，则从其离子半径及电荷补偿的观点来看，Gd存在于A点，Mg存在于B点。
Gd的含量m为0.042～0.074，且Mg的含量n为0.015～0.07，进而Gd的含量相对于Mg和Zn的总含量的比m/(n+o)为大于1小于4.3时，在15kV/mm的电场下的高温负载试验中的寿命特性提高。此时，虽然B点中的Zn也有助于寿命特性，但若Mg存在的量适当，则特别地也可以不存在Zn。
同样地，在A点，也可以存在Ca，Sr。另外，在B点，也可以不存在Zr，Hf，Mn。但是，在这些上限值超过本发明中所规定的范围的情况下，耐高温负载特性降低。
另外，优选在所述B点固熔有Mn。此时，认为晶粒中的氧缺位变少，耐高温负载特性进一步提高。
此外，钙钛矿的A/B点比k为0.94～1.075。k在该范围时，Gd及Mg变得容易固熔于规定点。因此，该适当的k值有利于耐高温负载特性的提高。
需要说明的是，上述的Gd，Mg，Mn等，主要存在于主晶粒内，在不损害本发明的目的的范围内，也可以存在粒界或三重点。
另外，为了确保各种电气特性及可靠性，本发明的电介体陶瓷根据需要，分别含有适量的M(M为选自V、Cr、Cu及Ni中的至少一种)、Si、R(R为选自La、Ce、Pr、Nd、Sm、Eu、Tb、Dy、Ho、Er、Tm、Yb、Lu、Y及Sc中的至少一种)。这些M、Si、R的存在位置没有特别设定。
另外，上述M相对于主要成分100摩尔份数，优选含有3.0摩尔份数以下。上述Si相对于主要成分100摩尔份数，优选为含有0.2～8摩尔份数。上述R相对于主要成分100摩尔份数，优选为含有2.0摩尔份数以下。
接着，对本发明的电介体陶瓷的制造方法进行说明。
在制造本发明的电介体陶瓷时，例如通过固相合成法制作陶瓷原料的情况下，为了使Gd、Mg、Mn等确实地固熔，优选与作为BaTiO3的初始原料的BaCO3及TiO2一起，同时混合Gd2O3，MgCO3及MnCO3，进行热处理合成。这样操作，得到用Gd、Mg、Mn等被改性的BaTiO3类粉末。
接着，将M、Si、R等的各化合物添加到上述的被改性的BaTiO3类粉末中，并混合。此时，为了调整A/B比，也可以添加BaCO3、CaCO3、SrCO3等。在该混合、干燥后可得到陶瓷原料粉末。
另外，作为Si的初始原料，使用SiO2粉末，但不优选该SiO2粉末与作为BaTiO3的初始原料的BaCO3及TiO2一起混合。这种情况是因为，有时Si在热处理合成时与Gd结合而妨碍Gd向A点的固熔，使得Gd的固熔控制变得繁杂。
获得陶瓷原料粉末后，对于使用该陶瓷原料粉末所实施的层叠陶瓷电容器的制造，可采用和目前相同的方法。
实施例
接着，对为了确认本发明的效果而实施的实施例进行说明。
[实验例1]
作为电介体陶瓷的初始原料，分别准备纯度为99.8％以上的BaCO3、CaCO3、SrCO3、TiO2、ZrO2、HfO2、Gd2O3、MgCO3、ZnO、及MnCO3的各粉末。
接着，为了获得用(Ba1-h-i-mCahSriGdm)k(Ti1-y-j-n-o-pZryHfjMgnZnoMnp)O3表示的主要成分粉末，将上述初始原料的特定粉末，按照表1中所示的组成放在水中用球磨机混合，在大气中，在1150℃下预烧、粉碎。这样操作，获得主要成分粉末。
接着，分别准备纯度在99.8％以上的V2O3、NiO、CuO、Cr2O3、及SiO2的各粉末，相对于上述主要成分100摩尔份数，称量M和Si的含有摩尔份数，使其达到表1中所示的a、b，在水中用球磨机进行混合。将其干燥，制成陶瓷原料粉末。
[表1]
然后，在获得的陶瓷原料粉末中添加聚乙烯醇丁缩醛类粘合剂及乙醇等有机溶剂，通过球磨机混合，获得陶瓷泥浆。将该陶瓷泥浆通过刮刀法进行片成形，获得陶瓷生片。
接着，在上述陶瓷生片上，丝网印刷将Ni作为主要成分的导电性浆料，形成了应成为内部电极的导电性浆料膜。然后，将形成有该导电性浆料膜的陶瓷生片以导电性浆料膜被引出的一侧成为互不相同的方式进行层叠，获得生的层叠体。
接着，将生的层叠体在氮氛围气中加热到350℃的温度，使粘合剂燃烧后，在氧分压比Ni/NiO平衡氧分压低1位数的状态的、由H2-N2-H2O气体组成的还原性氛围气中，在1150～1300℃下煅烧两小时，获得烧结后的层叠体。该层叠体具备陶瓷生片烧结而获得的电介体层及导电性浆料膜烧结而获得的内部电极。
在煅烧后的层叠体的两端面，涂敷含有B2O3-SiO2-BaO类的玻璃料的银浆料，在氮氛围气中，在800℃温度下进行烧结，形成和内部电极电连接的外部电极。
这样操作而获得的层叠陶瓷电容器的外形尺寸为长3.2mm，宽1.6mm及厚度0.7mm，夹装在内部电极间的电介体陶瓷层的厚度为3μm。另外，对静电电容形成有效的电介体陶瓷层数为100，电介体陶瓷层每一层的对向面积为2.1mm2。
在25℃、1kHz、1Vrms的条件下测定构成上述各试料的层叠陶瓷电容器中的电介体陶瓷层的电介体陶瓷的介电常数ε。将结果示于表2。
另外，在电压0.05Vrms的条件下测定介电常数ε，求出相对于在上述1Vrms条件下的介电常数ε的比(％)，在表2中作为“AC变化率(％)”表示。可以说是该AC变化率的绝对值越低，越是电压依存性小的良好的电介体材料。
进而，对于100个层叠陶瓷电容器的试料，在温度125℃、及电介体陶瓷层每一层15kV/mm的电场强度的条件下，进行高温负载试验。试验中将绝缘电阻值为100kΩ的试料看作不良，对经过1000小时后及经过2000小时后的不良个数进行计数，在表2中表示。
[表2]
在表1及表2中，没有标注*标记的试料编号的试料，为本发明范围内的试料。
由表2可知，根据本发明范围内的试料，能够获得极高的耐高温负载特性，另外，显示了1000以上的较高的介电常数和变化率-20％以内的优良的AC电压依存性(AC变化率)。
对此，若如试料3及7，Sr、Ca、Zr及Hf中的任何一个的含量都比本发明的范围内的量多，介电常数降低到1000以下，另外，耐高温负载特性显著降低。
如试料8及9，Gd在比本发明的范围内的量少的情况下，耐高温负载特性显著降低。另外，通过居里点的高温化在强介电性增强的影响下AC变化率变得极大。另一方面，如试料14，若Gd量m变得比0.074多，则由于含有Gd异相的影响变大，耐高温负载特性降低。
如试料15，若Gd/(Mg+Zn)比大于4.3，则也许由于电荷平衡变得供体过剩，使得含有Gd的异相增加，耐高温负载特性降低。另一方面，如试料20，若Gd/(Mg+Zn)比即m/(n+o)小于1，则也许由于电荷平衡变得受体过剩，使得含有Mg的异相增加，耐高温负载特性降低。另外，介电常数变得不足1000。
如试料24，若Mg量比在本发明的范围内的量少，则耐高温负载特性降低。
另外，虽然在本发明的范围内，但如试料25，当B点中的Mn量少时，在2000小时的高温负载试验中会产生不良现象。但是，在1000小时的高温负载试验中不发生不良，可以说达到了实用上没有问题的水平。
另一方面，如试料28，在Mn量比本发明的范围内的量多的情况下，含有Mn的异相增加，耐高温负载特性降低。
虽然是在本发明范围内，但如试料29，当在钙钛矿晶体合成后添加的M的含量少时，可靠性有所下降。认为这是因为不能充分降低粒界的氧缺位(酸素空孔)。另外，其为实用上没有问题的水平。
如试料36，当M及Si量比本发明的范围内的量多时，则生成含有M及Si的异相，耐高温负载特性降低。
[实验例2]
作为电介体陶瓷的初始原料，分别准备纯度在99.8％以上的BaCO3、SrCO3、TiO2、Gd2O3、Sm2O3、Eu2O3、Tb2O3、DyCO3、Y2O3、Ho2O3、及MnCO3的各粉末。
接着，为了获得用(Ba0.935Sr0.005Ln0.06)1.005(Ti0.93Mg0.04Mn0.03)O3(此处的Ln虽然为选自Gd、Sm、Eu、Tb、Dy、Y及Ho中的至少一种，其含有比m为0.06，但使用表3的“m”栏表示的元素，使该元素的含有比成为同栏中表示的那样。)表示的主要成分粉末，称量上述初始原料的特定物质，在水中通过球磨机进行混合，在大气中、在1150℃下进行预烧、粉碎。这样操作，获得主要成分粉末。
接着，分别准备纯度99.8％以上的V2O3及SiO2各粉末、以及作为R的初始原料的Sm2O3、Eu2O3、Tb2O3、DyCO3、Y2O3、Ho2O3、Er2O3、Tm2O3、Pr2O3、Nd2O3及Sc2O3的各粉末。称量相对于上述主要成分100摩尔份数的V及Si各自的含有摩尔份数，使其分别成为0.5摩尔份数及2.5摩尔份数，且R的含有摩尔份数成为表3的c值，与主要成分粉末在水中通过球磨机进行混合。将其干燥，制成陶瓷原料粉末。
[表3]
接着，使用该陶瓷原料粉末，利用和实验例1相同的方法，获得试料37～66的层叠陶瓷电容器。
然后，对于试料37～66各自的层叠陶瓷电容器，利用和实验例1的情况相同的方法，求出介电常数、介电常数AC变化率、以及高温负载试验中的不良个数。将结果示于表4。
[表4]
在表3及表4中，没有标注*标记的试料编号的试料，为本发明的范围内且R含有量在优选的范围内的试料。
由表4可知，根据本发明的范围内且优选的范围内的试料，能够获得极高的耐高温负载特性。
相对于此，如试料37～43，作为钙钛矿晶体中含有的稀土类元素，在使用了Gd以外的元素的情况下，耐高温负载特性大幅降低。
如试料44，即使晶体中存在Gd，当含量m不足0.042时，也不能获得耐高温负载特性提高的效果。另一方面，如试料45～55及57～62，即使与其它的稀土类元素同时存在，当含量m在0.042以上时，也能够获得耐高温负载特性提高的效果。
如试料54、55及57～66，即使在主相的钙钛矿合成后添加R，也能够获得较高的耐高温负载特性。另一方面，如试料56，当R的添加量c偏离了所说的2.0摩尔份数以下的优选的范围时，由于异相增加，耐高温负载特性降低。
符号说明
1  层叠陶瓷电容器
2  层叠体
3  电介体陶瓷层
4、5  内部电极
8、9  外部电极

Claims (4)

1.一种层叠陶瓷电容器，具备：包含层叠的多层电介体陶瓷层及沿所述电介体陶瓷层间的特定的界面形成的内部电极的层叠体、以及按照与所述内部电极中的特定的内部电极电连接的方式在所述层叠体的外表面上形成的外部电极，其中，在25℃、1kHz、1Vrms的条件下的介电常数为1000以上，并且，0.05Vrms的条件下的介电常数相对于1Vrms条件下的介电常数的比为-20%以内，
并且，所述电介体陶瓷层由如下的电介体陶瓷组成：将通式(Ba1-h-i-mCahSriGdm)k(Ti1-y-j-n-o-pZryHfj MgnZnoMnp)O3表示的钙钛矿化合物作为主要成分，满足：
0≤h≤0.03、
0≤i≤0.03、
0.042≤m≤0.074、
0.94≤k≤1.075、
0≤(y＋j)≤0.05、
0.015≤n≤0.07、
0≤o≤0.04、
0≤p≤0.05、及
1.0＜m/(n＋o)＜4.3，
其中，Gd固溶于钙钛矿的A点，且Mg固溶于钙钛矿的B点，钙钛矿的A/B点比为0.94～1.075。
2.如权利要求1所述的层叠陶瓷电容器，其中，相对于所述主要成分100摩尔份数，进而含有M为3.0摩尔份数以下，且含有Si为0.2～8摩尔份数，其中，M为选自V、Cr、Cu及Ni中的至少一种。
3.如权利要求1或2所述的层叠陶瓷电容器，其中，相对于所述主要成分100摩尔份数，进而含有R为2.0摩尔份数以下，其中R为La、Ce、Pr、Nd、Sm、Eu、Tb、Dy、Ho、Er、Tm、Yb、Lu、Y及Sc中的至少一种。
4.如权利要求1所述的层叠陶瓷电容器，所述内部电极的主要成分为Ni。
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