CN102154139A - 热带假丝酵母细胞及其用途 - Google Patents

热带假丝酵母细胞及其用途 Download PDF

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CN102154139A
CN102154139A CN2010106107682A CN201010610768A CN102154139A CN 102154139 A CN102154139 A CN 102154139A CN 2010106107682 A CN2010106107682 A CN 2010106107682A CN 201010610768 A CN201010610768 A CN 201010610768A CN 102154139 A CN102154139 A CN 102154139A
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candida tropicalis
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M·珀特
H-G·亨内曼
S·沙费尔
T·哈斯
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Abstract

本发明的主题是基因工程改性的热带假丝酵母细胞、及其用途以及用于制备ω-羟基-羧酸和ω-羟基-羧酸酯的方法。

Description

热带假丝酵母细胞及其用途
技术领域
本发明的主题是基因工程改性的热带假丝酵母(Candida tropicalis)细胞、其用途以及用于制备ω-羟基-羧酸和ω-羟基-羧酸酯的方法。
技术状态
热带假丝酵母能够用链烷烃生成二羧酸,是一种具有良好特征的子囊菌。
WO91/006660描述了在β-氧化过程中通过中断POX4和/或POX5基因而完全抑制的热带假丝酵母细胞,其可提高a,ω-二羧酸的收率。
WO00/020566描述了热带假丝酵母的Cytochrom P450单加氧酶和NADPH Cytochrom P450氧化还原酶,以及将其用来干预ω-羟基化反应,ω-氧化反应的第一步骤。
WO03/089610描述了热带假丝酵母菌产生的、可催化ω-氧化反应的第二步骤使脂肪醇转变为醛的酶,以及将其用来提高二羧酸的产量。
迄今为止所述的这些细胞和方法并不适合用来制备ω-羟基-羧酸或者其酯,因为ω-羟基-羧酸仅仅短时间以中间产物形式存在,并且立即将其代谢。
ω-羟基-羧酸及其酯可作为聚合物的前体物质,是很经济的化合物,因此本发明适合于商业应用。
发明内容
本发明的任务在于,寻找一种能够以发酵方式、特别是在细胞周围的介质中,制备足量的ω-羟基-羧酸或ω-羟基-羧酸酯的方法。
本发明的说明
令人惊奇地发现,以下所述的细胞有助于解决这任务。
因此本发明的主题是一种如权利要求1所述的细胞。
本发明进一步的主题是本发明所述细胞的用途,以及本发明所述的细胞用于制备ω-羟基-羧酸和ω-羟基-羧酸酯的方法。
本发明的优点是能够将所用的离析物(Eduktes)转变成ω-羟基-羧酸和相应的酯,且该方法的特异性很高,因此相对于所用离析物的收率很高。
本发明的一个主题是一种尤其源自ATCC 20336菌株的热带假丝酵母细胞,其特征在于,所述细胞与其野生型相比至少一种酶的活性有所降低,可通过选自以下两组没有内含子的核酸序列对所述的酶进行编码:
A)序列号1、序列号3、序列号5、序列号7、序列号9、序列号11、序列号13、序列号15、序列号17、序列号19、序列号21、序列号23、序列号25、序列号27、序列号29、序列号31、序列号33、序列号35、序列号37、序列号39、序列号41、序列号43、序列号45、序列号47、序列号49、序列号51、序列号53、序列号55、序列号57、序列号59、序列号61、序列号63、序列号65和序列号67;尤其是序列号1、序列号3、序列号5、序列号7、序列号9、序列号11、序列号13、序列号15、序列号17、序列号19、序列号21、序列号23、序列号25、序列号27、序列号29、序列号31、序列号33、序列号35、序列号37、序列号39、序列号41、序列号43、序列号45、序列号47、序列号49和序列号51;更特别是序列号1、序列号3、序列号5、序列号7、序列号9、序列号11、序列号13、序列号15、序列号17、序列号19、序列号21、序列号23、序列号25和序列号27,
B)与以下序列号的序列至少80%一致、特别优选至少90%一致、特别适宜优选至少95%一致、最优选至少99%一致的一种序列:序列号1、序列号3、序列号5、序列号7、序列号9、序列号11、序列号13、序列号15、序列号17、序列号19、序列号21、序列号23、序列号25、序列号27、序列号29、序列号31、序列号33、序列号35、序列号37、序列号39、序列号41、序列号43、序列号45、序列号47、序列号49、序列号51、序列号53、序列号55、序列号57、序列号59、序列号61、序列号63、序列号65和序列号67;尤其是序列号1、序列号3、序列号5、序列号7、序列号9、序列号11、序列号13、序列号15、序列号17、序列号19、序列号21、序列号23、序列号25、序列号27、序列号29、序列号31、序列号33、序列号35、序列号37、序列号39、序列号41、序列号43、序列号45、序列号47、序列号49和序列号51;更特别是序列号1、序列号3、序列号5、序列号7、序列号9、序列号11、序列号13、序列号15、序列号17、序列号19、序列号21、序列号23、序列号25和序列号27。本发明所述的优选核酸序列组是组A)。
本发明所述的细胞的“野生型”优选指的是可以对通过上述核酸序列号编码的酶的活性有影响的元素(诸如例如包括用来对相应酶进行编码的上述核酸序列的基因,或者包含在相应基因之中与上述核酸序列有功能关系的启动子)进行操控从而从中产生本发明所述细胞的起始菌株。如果能够以抑制相应基因的方式使得例如ATCC 20336菌株中以序列号1编码的酶的活性降低,则应将未经改变、用于进行相应操控的ATCC 20336菌株看成是“野生型”。
本发明所述的术语“基因”并非仅仅指编码的或者转录为mRNA的DNA区域,即“结构基因”,而且也指启动子区、可能的内含子区、增强区和其它调控序列区以及终止子区。
本发明所述术语“酶的活性”指的是能够通过整个细胞对从12-羟基-十二烷酸转变为1,12-十二烷二酸的反应进行催化的酶活性。优选根据以下方法测定该活性:
以单菌落为原料,在温度为30℃和90rpm的条件下,将盛有10毫升YM培养基(0.3%酵母萃取物,0.3%麦芽萃取物,0.5%蛋白胨和1.0%(w/w)葡萄糖)的100毫升锥形烧瓶培养24小时。然后以该培养物为原料,取10毫升注射到盛有100毫升生产培养基(对于1升:25克葡萄糖,7.6克NH4Cl,1.5克Na2SO4,300毫升1mM磷酸二氢钾缓冲液(pH 7.0),20毫克ZnSO4x7H2O,20毫克MnSO4x4H2O,20毫克烟酸,20毫克吡哆素,8毫克硫胺素和6毫克泛酸盐)的1升锥形烧瓶之中。在温度为30℃的条件下培养24小时。
经过24小时之后,在细胞悬浮液中计量加入12-羟基-十二烷酸,使得浓度不大于0.5g/l。此外还加入葡萄糖或丙三醇作为共基质,使得共基质的浓度不低于0.2g/l。经过0小时、0.5小时、1小时,和然后直至24小时培养时间之后,每小时取一些试样(1毫升)用于检测12-羟基-十二烷酸、12-氧代-十二烷酸和1,12-十二烷二酸以及相应的甲酯,以及检查细胞数。每次检测之后,使用6NNaOH或4N H2SO4将pH值保持在5.0~6.5之间。在培养期间以检查“菌落形成单位”(CFU)的方式检查细胞生长情况。通过LC-MS系统检查12-羟基-十二烷酸的减少量以及1,12-十二烷二酸或者相应甲酯的产量。为此可将500μl培养液调整到pH 1,然后用等体积的二乙醚或乙酸乙酯进行提取,并且利用LC-MS进行分析。
该检测系统的组成为一个HP1100HPLC(Agilent Technologies,Waldbronn,D),配有除气器、自动取样器和柱温箱,与一个四极质谱选择检测器MSD(Agilent Technologies,Waldbronn,D)联用。在温度为40℃的条件下,在一个例如125x2mm Luna C18(2)反相色谱柱(Phenomenex,Aschaffenburg,D)上进行色谱分离。以每分钟0.3毫升的流量进行梯度洗脱(A:0.02%蚁酸水溶液,和B:0.02%蚁酸乙腈溶液)。也可利用GC-FID(Perkin Elmer,Rodgau-Jügesheim,D)分析有机萃取物。在甲基聚硅氧烷(5%苯基)相色谱柱上进行色谱分离,例如Elite 5,30m,0.25mm ID,0.25μm FD(Perkin Elmer,Rodgau-Jügesheim,D)。进行检测之前在游离酸中掺入一种甲基化剂,例如氢氧化三甲基锍“TMSH”(Macherey-Nagel GmbH & Co.KG,Düren,D),然后注射到相应的甲酯之中。
计算所测定的1,12-十二烷二酸浓度和取样时间点的细胞数,即可确定从12-羟基-十二烷酸获得1,12-十二烷二酸的比产出率,从而确定细胞中上述定义的“酶的活性”。“与其野生型相比降低的活性”这一说法优选指的是相对于野生型活性而言,活性降低了至少50%,特别优选降低了至少90%,特别优选降低了至少99.9%,还更优选降低了至少99.99%,最优选降低了至少99.999%。
其中在相同条件诸如例如培养基、曝气、搅拌下培养细胞,根据以上所述在细胞数/浓度尽可能相同的情况下测定活性的方法,测定本发明所述细胞的活性与其野生型相比有所降低。
可以利用已知的方法测定相对于指示序列的“核苷酸一致性”。通常可根据具体需要使用具有相关算法的特殊计算机程序。优选的致性测定方法首先在待比较序列之间产生最大的一致性。用于确定一致性的计算机程序包括(但并不仅限于此)GCG程序包,包括:
-GAP(Deveroy,J.等人,1984年核酸研究杂志第12期第387页(Nucleic Acid Research 12(1984),P387),威斯康辛大学遗传学计算机集团,医学(Wi),以及
-BLASTP、BLASTN和FASTA(Altschul,S.等人,1990年分子生物学杂志(Journal of Molecular Biology)第215期第403-410页。BLAST程序可向国际生物技术信息中心(NCBI)及其它来源订购(BLAST手册,Altschul S.等人,NCBI NLM NIH Bethesda ND 22894;Altschul S.等人)。
同样也可使用已知的Smith-Waterman算法来确定核苷酸致性。
使用BLASTN程序测定“核苷酸一致性”的优选参数(Altschul,S.等人,分子生物学杂志(Journal of Molecular Biology)第215期(1990)第403-410页:
期望(Expect)阈值:10
字大小:28
匹配得分:1
失配得分:-2
空位罚分:线性
上述参数是核苷酸序列比较过程中的默认参数。
GAP程序同样也适合与上述参数一起使用。
按照上述算法得出的80%一致性在本发明中就表示一致性为80%。同理适用于更高的一致性。
通过术语“通过没有内含子的核酸序列编码的”强调了与这里所述的序列进行序列比较时必须预先从待比较的核酸序列中清除可能的内含子。
如果没有其它说明,所有百分数(%)均为质量百分数。
专业人士均知晓降低微生物中酶活性的方法。
这里尤其可使用分子生物技术。关于修饰和降低蛋白质表达从而降低热带假丝酵母的酶活性的说明,尤其是关于中断特异性基因的说明,本领域技术人员可参阅:WO91/006660;WO03/100013;Picataggio et al.Mol Cell Biol.1991Sep;11(9):4333-9;Rohrer et al.Appl Microbiol Biotechnol.1992Feb;36(5):650-4;Picataggio et al.Biotechnology(N Y).1992Aug;10(8):894-8;Ueda et al.Biochim Biophys Acta.2003Mar 17;1631(2):160-8;Ko et al.Appl Environ Microbiol.2006Jun;72(6):4207-13;Hara et al.Arch Microbiol.2001Nov;176(5):364-9;Kanayama et al.J Bacteriol.1998Feb;180(3):690-8。
本发明优选细胞的特征在于,采用修饰至少一种基因的方式降低酶活性,所述基因包括选自上述核酸序列组A)和B)的某一个序列,其中所述修饰选自包括、优选组成如下的组:将外源DNA插入基因之中,删除至少该基因的一部分,在基因序列中形成点突变,对该基因进行在RNA干涉影响下的中断(Aussetzen),或者用外源DNA替换基因的一部分,尤其是启动子区。
所述外源DNA指的是基因(并非生物体)“之外”的DNA序列,也就是说,热带假丝酵母的内源DNA序列也可以作为“外源DNA”。
特别优选采用插入一种选择标记基因的方式中断基因,因此外源DNA是一种选择标记基因,其中优选采用同源重组方式插入到基因座之中。
比较有益的方式是给选择标记基因增加一些随后能够从基因中删除的其它功能,例如可以通过Cre/loxP系统、通过翻转酶识别靶(FRT)或者同源重组法实现。
本发明优选细胞的特征在于,在其β-氧化过程中至少部分、优选完全将其阻断,因为这样可防止基质外流,从而可实现比较高的滴度。
关于在其β-氧化过程中部分阻断的热带假丝酵母细胞的例子是在EP0499622中所述的菌株H41、H41B、H51、H45、H43、H53、H534、H534B和H435,从中可得到本发明优选的热带假丝酵母细胞。
例如在WO03/100013中还描述了其它在β-氧化过程中阻断的热带假丝酵母细胞。
优先选用的是那些能够使基因POX2、POX4或POX5中至少一种基因诱导失效的方式引起β-氧化反应的细胞。
这些优选的细胞的特征在于,可从选自ATCC 20962和US2004/0014198中所述热带假丝酵母HDC100的菌株得到本发明优选的热带假丝酵母细胞。
本发明还涉及本发明所述的细胞用于制备ω-羟基-羧酸或者ω-羟基-羧酸酯的用途。
特别是本发明所述的细胞用于制备羧酸的链长为6~24、优选8~18、特别优选10~16个碳原子的(其优选为直链、饱和和非取代的),和酯的醇组分的链长为1~4、尤其为1或2个碳原子的ω-羟基-羧酸或ω-羟基-羧酸酯的用途。所述ω-羟基-羧酸优选是12-羟基-十二烷酸,所述ω-羟基-羧酸酯适宜是12-羟基-十二烷酸甲酯。
本发明所述的优选用途的特征在于使用如上所述的本发明的优选细胞。
本发明还涉及一种用于制备前面所述的本发明热带假丝酵母细胞的方法,该方法包括以下方法步骤:
I)准备一种热带假丝酵母细胞,优选在其β-氧化过程中至少部分、优选完全阻断的细胞;
II)对至少一种基因进行修饰,所述基因包括选自上述核酸序列组A)和B)中的某一个没有内含子的核酸序列,所述修饰通过将外源DNA,尤其是对选择标记基因进行编码的DNA插入到基因之中,删除至少该基因的一部分,在基因序列中形成点突变,对该基因进行在RNA干涉影响下的中断,或者用外源DNA替换基因的一部分,尤其是启动子区。
本发明还涉及一种用于制备ω-羟基-羧酸或者ω-羟基-羧酸酯的方法,尤其是羧酸的链长为6~24、优选8~18、特别优选10~16个碳原子的(其优选为直链、饱和与非取代的)、和酯的醇组分的链长为1~4、尤其为1或2个碳原子的ω-羟基-羧酸或ω-羟基-羧酸酯,尤其是12-羟基十二烷酸或12-羟基-十二烷酸甲酯,该方法包括以下方法步骤:
A)使得上述本发明所述的细胞接触一种培养基,所述培养基含有一种羧酸或羧酸酯,尤其是羧酸的链长为6~24、优选8~18、特别优选10~16个碳原子的(其优选为直链、饱和与非取代的),和酯的醇组分的链长为1~4个碳原子的羧酸或羧酸酯,尤其是十二烷酸或者十二烷酸甲酯,
B)在所述细胞能够从羧酸或羧酸酯生成相应ω-羟基-羧酸或ω-羟基-羧酸酯的条件下培养细胞,并且
C)任选分离出所生成的ω-羟基-羧酸或ω-羟基-羧酸酯。
本发明的优选方法使用的是上述本发明优选所述的细胞。
例如用于制备12-羟基-十二烷酸或12-羟基十二烷酸甲酯的方法包括以下方法步骤:
a)接触一种在其β-氧化过程中至少部分阻断的、源自菌株ATTC 20336的热带假丝酵母细胞,这种细胞与其野生型相比至少一种酶的活性有所降低,可通过选自上述核酸序列组A)和B)中没有内含子的核酸序列对所述的酶进行编码,其中通过修饰一种基因的方式达到酶活性的降低,所述基因包括选自上述核酸序列组A)和B)的某一个核酸序列,
其中所述修饰包括将一种选择标记基因插入到基因之中,
与一种含有十二烷酸或十二烷酸甲酯的培养基相接触,
b)在所述细胞能够从羧酸或羧酸酯生成相应ω-羟基-羧酸或ω-羟基羧酸酯的条件下培养细胞,并且
c)更特别优选任选分离出所生成的ω-羟基-羧酸或ω-羟基-羧酸酯。
专业人士均知晓适宜的热带假丝酵母的培养条件。尤其适用于方法步骤b)的条件是专业人士知晓的根据生物转化法利用热带假丝酵母制备二羧酸的培养条件。
例如在WO00/017380和WO00/015828中就描述了此类培养条件。
用于分离出所生成的ω-羟基-羧酸或ω-羟基-羧酸酯的方法是专业人士知晓的方法。这些均为从水溶液中分离出长链羧酸的标准方法,诸如例如蒸馏或萃取,且也可以例如参阅WO2009/077461所述的方法。
适宜使用按照本发明所述方法获得的ω-羟基-羧酸或ω-羟基-羧酸酯来制备聚合物尤其是聚酯。此外还可以用ω-羟基羧酸来制备内酯,以后可以用内酯来例如制备聚酯。
另一种有益的用途是将ω-羟基-羧酸或ω-羟基-羧酸酯转变为ω-氨基-羧酸或ω-氨基-羧酸酯,以便获得聚合物聚酰胺。也可以将ω-氨基-羧酸或ω-氨基-羧酸酯首先转变为相应的内酰胺,然后再以阴离子或酸催化法将其转变为聚酰胺。更特别适宜在第一道反应步骤中将ω-羟基-羧酸或者相应的酯转变为ω-氧代-羧酸或者相应的酯,然后在例如还原胺化过程中对氧代基团进行胺化。就此而言,特别优选的是12-羟基-十二烷酸或12-羟基-十二烷酸甲酯用于制备聚合物尤其是聚酰胺12的用途。
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Claims (10)

1.热带假丝酵母(Candida tropicalis)细胞,其特征在于,所述细胞与其野生型相比至少一种酶的活性有所降低,可通过选自以下两组A)和B)中没有内含子的核酸序列对所述的酶进行编码:
A)序列号1、序列号3、序列号5、序列号7、序列号9、序列号11、序列号13、序列号15、序列号17、序列号19、序列号21、序列号23、序列号25、序列号27、序列号29、序列号31、序列号33、序列号35、序列号37、序列号39、序列号41、序列号43、序列号45、序列号47、序列号49、序列号51、序列号53、序列号55、序列号57、序列号59、序列号61、序列号63、序列号65和序列号67;
B)与以下序列号的序列之一至少80%一致的一种序列:序列号1、序列号3、序列号5、序列号7、序列号9、序列号11、序列号13、序列号15、序列号17、序列号19、序列号21、序列号23、序列号25、序列号27、序列号29、序列号31、序列号33、序列号35、序列号37、序列号39、序列号41、序列号43、序列号45、序列号47、序列号49、序列号51、序列号53、序列号55、序列号57、序列号59、序列号61、序列号63、序列号65和序列号67。
2.根据权利要求1所述的热带假丝酵母细胞,其特征在于,以修饰一种基因的方式达到酶活性的降低,所述基因包括权利要求1中所述的一种核酸序列,其中所述修饰选自:将外源DNA插入到基因之中,删除该基因的至少一部分,在基因序列中形成点突变,对该基因进行在RNA干涉影响下的中断,并且用外源DNA替换基因的一部分,尤其是启动子区。
3.根据权利要求2所述的热带假丝酵母细胞,其特征在于,所述外源DNA是一种选择标记基因。
4.根据上述权利要求中至少一项所述的热带假丝酵母细胞,其特征在于,所述细胞在其β-氧化过程中至少部分阻断。
5.根据上述权利要求中至少一项所述的热带假丝酵母细胞,其特征在于,所述热带假丝酵母细胞衍生自选自以下的菌株:热带假丝酵母H41、热带假丝酵母H41B、热带假丝酵母H51、热带假丝酵母H45、热带假丝酵母H43、热带假丝酵母H53、热带假丝酵母H534、热带假丝酵母534B、热带假丝酵母H435、热带假丝酵母ATCC20962和热带假丝酵母HDC100,尤其是热带假丝酵母ATCC20962和热带假丝酵母HDC100。
6.上述权利要求中至少一项所述的细胞用于制备ω-羟基-羧酸或者ω-羟基-羧酸酯的用途。
7.用于制备权利要求1~5中至少一项所述的热带假丝酵母细胞的方法,包括以下方法步骤:
I)准备一种热带假丝酵母细胞,并且
II)对至少一种基因进行修饰,所述基因包括选自权利要求1所述核酸序列组A)和B)中的某一个序列,所述修饰是通过将外源DNA尤其是对选择标记基因进行编码的DNA插入到基因之中,删除该基因的至少一部分,在基因序列中形成点突变,对该基因进行在RNA干涉影响下的中断,并且用外源DNA替换基因的一部分,尤其是启动子区。
8.用于制备ω-羟基-羧酸或ω-羟基-羧酸酯的方法,尤其是羧酸的链长为6~24个碳原子和酯的醇组分的链长为1~4个碳原子的ω-羟基-羧酸或ω-羟基-羧酸酯,尤其是12-羟基-十二烷酸或者12-羟基-十二烷酸甲酯,该方法包括以下方法步骤:
a)使权利要求1~5中至少一项所述的细胞接触含有一种羧酸或羧酸酯的培养基,
b)在所述细胞能够从羧酸或羧酸酯生成相应的ω-羟基-羧酸或ω-羟基-羧酸酯的条件下培养细胞,并且
c)任选分离出所生成的ω-羟基-羧酸或ω-羟基-羧酸酯。
9.根据权利要求8所述的方法,其特征在于,使用权利要求5所述的在其β-氧化过程中至少部分阻断的细胞。
10.通过权利要求8或9所述方法获得的ω-羟基-羧酸或者ω-羟基-羧酸酯用于制备聚合物的用途。
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