JP2022046736A - グリコール酸および/またはグリオキシル酸の製造のための方法および微生物 - Google Patents
グリコール酸および/またはグリオキシル酸の製造のための方法および微生物 Download PDFInfo
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- 125000000524 functional group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
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- 125000002791 glucosyl group Chemical group C1([C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O1)CO)* 0.000 description 1
- 235000013922 glutamic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004220 glutamic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 235000006408 oxalic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
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- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- LSQZJLSUYDQPKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N p-Hydroxyampicillin Natural products O=C1N2C(C(O)=O)C(C)(C)SC2C1NC(=O)C(N)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 LSQZJLSUYDQPKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- IUVKMZGDUIUOCP-BTNSXGMBSA-N quinbolone Chemical compound O([C@H]1CC[C@H]2[C@H]3[C@@H]([C@]4(C=CC(=O)C=C4CC3)C)CC[C@@]21C)C1=CCCC1 IUVKMZGDUIUOCP-BTNSXGMBSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- DUIOPKIIICUYRZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N semicarbazide Chemical compound NNC(N)=O DUIOPKIIICUYRZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002864 sequence alignment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003384 small molecules Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000012279 sodium borohydride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000033 sodium borohydride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011775 sodium fluoride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013024 sodium fluoride Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- AGDSCTQQXMDDCV-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;2-iodoacetate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]C(=O)CI AGDSCTQQXMDDCV-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960000268 spectinomycin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- UNFWWIHTNXNPBV-WXKVUWSESA-N spectinomycin Chemical compound O([C@@H]1[C@@H](NC)[C@@H](O)[C@H]([C@@H]([C@H]1O1)O)NC)[C@]2(O)[C@H]1O[C@H](C)CC2=O UNFWWIHTNXNPBV-WXKVUWSESA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 125000000185 sucrose group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
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- 239000003774 sulfhydryl reagent Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 239000004753 textile Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920005992 thermoplastic resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 235000019157 thiamine Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- KYMBYSLLVAOCFI-UHFFFAOYSA-N thiamine Chemical compound CC1=C(CCO)SCN1CC1=CN=C(C)N=C1N KYMBYSLLVAOCFI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960003495 thiamine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000011721 thiamine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011573 trace mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013619 trace mineral Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-butenedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=CC(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000013518 transcription Methods 0.000 description 1
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- YNJBWRMUSHSURL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trichloroacetic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(Cl)(Cl)Cl YNJBWRMUSHSURL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000003827 upregulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- MWOOGOJBHIARFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanillin Chemical compound COC1=CC(C=O)=CC=C1O MWOOGOJBHIARFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FGQOOHJZONJGDT-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanillin Natural products COC1=CC(O)=CC(C=O)=C1 FGQOOHJZONJGDT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000012141 vanillin Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000035899 viability Effects 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
Description
2.細菌から精製された酵素を含む酵素産生微生物の発酵ブロスを有機材料に添加することにより、有機材料と酵素とを接触させてもよく、または、
3.酵素産生微生物の溶解細胞の抽出物を有機材料に添加することにより、有機材料と酵素とを接触させてもよく、または、
4.酵素反応と、反応再生に必要な酵素産生微生物の生存率(特定の補因子の利用可能性)との両方が可能となるように前処理した酵素産生微生物の生細胞を有機材料に添加することにより、有機材料と酵素とを接触させてもよい。このシステムは、全細胞生体触媒システムと呼ばれる。
-グリコール酸オキシダーゼをコードする遺伝子glcDEFGおよび/またはグリコアルデヒドデヒドロゲナーゼをコードするaldAを低減することにより、グリコレートの実質的な代謝をできなくする
-特にイソクエン酸デヒドロゲナーゼをコードするicd、IcdキナーゼホスファターゼをコードするaceK、ホスホトランスアセチラーゼをコードするpta、酢酸キナーゼをコードするackA、ピルビン酸オキシダーゼをコードするpoxB、グリオキシル酸経路リプレッサーをコードするiclRまたはfadRの低減、および/またはイソクエン酸リアーゼをコードする遺伝子aceAの過剰発現により得られるグリオキシレート経路の流れ(flux)を増大させる。
-特に遺伝子pgi、udhA、eddの低減により得られるNADPHの利用可能性を向上させる。
-コード領域またはプロモーター領域の変異、または、
-遺伝子発現に必要なプロモーター領域の全部または一部の削除、または、
-相同組み換えによる遺伝子のコーディング領域の全部または一部の削除、または、
-コーディング領域またはプロモーター領域への外部因子の挿入、または、
-弱いプロモーターまたは誘導性プロモーターの制御下での遺伝子の発現。
-微生物の遺伝子のコピー数の増大。遺伝子は、染色体または染色体外にコードされている。遺伝子が染色体上に位置する場合、遺伝子のいくつかのコピーを、当業者に公知の組み換え法(遺伝子置換を含む)により染色体上に導入することができる。遺伝子が染色体外に位置する場合、複製起点、したがって細胞内のコピー数に関して異なる種類のプラスミドによって運ばれる可能性がある。これらのプラスミドは、プラスミドの性質に応じて、1~5コピー、または約20コピー、または最大500コピーで微生物に存在する:タイトな複製を伴う低コピー数プラスミド(pSC101、RK2)、低コピー数プラスミド(pACYC、pRSF1010)または高コピー数プラスミド(pSK bluescript II)。
-高レベルの遺伝子発現をもたらすプロモーターの使用。当業者にとって、どのプロモーターが最も都合がよいかは公知である。例えば、プロモーターPtrc、Ptac、PlacまたはλプロモーターPRおよびPLが広く使用されている。これらのプロモーターは、特定の化合物によって、または温度や光等の特定の外部条件によって「誘導可能」であり得る。これらのプロモーターは同種でも異種でもよい。
-対応するメッセンジャーRNAを安定化する因子(Carrier and Keasling, 1999)またはタンパク質を安定化する因子(例えばGSTタグ、GE Healthcare)の使用。
以下の実施例で説明するグリオキシル酸産生株を構築するために、いくつかのプロトコルを使用した。
LoxP配列に隣接する耐性遺伝子は、Creリコンビナーゼをコードする遺伝子を担持するプラスミドpJW168(Palmeros et al., 2000)を用いて除去された。端的には、pJW168プラスミドを含むクローンをLBで37℃または42℃で培養し、次いで30℃で抗生物質耐性の喪失を試験した。次に、適切なプライマーを用いたPCRにより、抗生物質感受性クローンを検証した。
株1の説明
特許出願WO2011/157728の実施例2、パート2に記載され、AG1413の親株、すなわちpME101-ycdW-TT07-PaceA-aceA-TT01プラスミドを含まないAG1413株に対応する株を、本特許出願(current patent application)において株1と命名した。
株1を使用する前に、抗生物質耐性カセットを、それぞれFlpリコンビナーゼ(プロトコル1に準拠)およびCreリコンビナーゼ(プロトコル3に準拠)を用いて遺伝子座icd(配列番号02の配列を有するタンパク質をコードする配列番号01)およびaceK(配列番号4の配列を有するタンパク質をコードする配列番号03)から除去した。次いで、カナマイシンおよびクロラムフェニコール感受性の形質転換体を選択し、適切なオリゴヌクレオチドを用いたPCR分析により抗生物質マーカーの不在を確認した。保持された株を、株2と命名した。
グリオキシル酸/ヒドロキシピルビン酸レダクターゼをコードし、特許出願WO2010/108909に記載のpME101-ycdW-TT07-PaceA-aceA-TT01プラスミドに担持されるycdW遺伝子(配列番号06の配列を有するタンパク質をコードする配列番号05)を、制限酵素およびリガーゼにより、プラスミドからそのプロモーターおよびlacI遺伝子(配列番号08の配列を有するタンパク質をコードする配列番号07)から除去し、pAG0094プラスミドを得た。
大腸菌組み換えグリコール酸産生株2において、ycdW遺伝子の内在性コピーを除去した。
株AG1413およびその親株である株1において、オペロン中に構造化されているackA(配列番号18の配列を有するタンパク質をコードする配列番号17)およびpta(配列番号18の配列を有するタンパク質をコードする配列番号19)の両方を、予め欠失させた。アセチルリン酸(以下の株のホスホケトラーゼによって生成される)を再びアセチルCoAに変換するために、ackA遺伝子の欠失を保存させつつ、pta遺伝子を株1のバックグラウンドに再構築した。
アセチル-CoAプールを増加させ、それによりグリコール酸産生を増加させるために、グリコール酸過剰産生大腸菌株で異なるホスホケトラーゼが過剰産生された。
-ビフィドバクテリウム・アニマリスからのxfp(配列番号22の配列を有するタンパク質をコードする配列番号21)、
-ビフィドバクテリウム・アドレセンティス(Bifidobacterium adolescentis)からのfxpk(配列番号24の配列を有するタンパク質をコードする配列番号23)、
-ラクトバチルス・ペントサスからのxpk(配列番号26の配列を有するタンパク質をコードする配列番号25)。
-低コピー数pCL1920ベクター(Lerner & Inouye, 1990)pME101-ycdW-TT07-PaceA-aceA-TT01プラスミド、および
-1コピー数の細菌人工染色体pBACプラスミド(Epicentre(登録商標))。
まず、実施例3に記載されているように、振盪フラスコで菌株を評価した。
発酵槽の容量は、pHを調整し、培養液を供給するために添加した溶液の量を初期容量に追加し、サンプリングに使用した容量と蒸発により失われた容量を差し引いて算出した。
ホスホケトラーゼ活性は、Racker et al., 1962およびMeile et al., 2001に従って酵素的に生成されたアセチルリン酸から生成されたアセチルヒドロキサム酸第二鉄として分光測光法で測定された。0.075mlの標準反応混合物は、33.3mMのリン酸カリウム(pH6.5)、塩酸L-システイン(1.9mM)、フッ化ナトリウム(23mM)、ヨード酢酸ナトリウム(8mM)、D-フルクトース6-リン酸(F6P)(100mM)またはD-キシルロース5-リン酸(X5P)(27mM)のいずれかを基質として含み、粗抽出物の反応が開始される。37℃で10または30分間インキュベートした後、0.075mlのヒドロキシルアミン塩酸塩(2M、pH6.5)を添加して酵素反応を停止した。室温で10分後、0.05mlの15%(wt/vol)トリクロロ酢酸、0.05mlの4M HCl、および0.05mlのFeCl3×6H2O(0.1MのHCl中の5%[wt/vol])を、ヒドロキサミン酸第二鉄の最終的な発色のために添加した。25℃で5分間撹拌した後、混合物を2250×gで5分間遠心分離し、200μlの上清を新しいマイクロプレートに移して吸光度を測定した。次いで、1.5mMと150mMの間の一連のアセチルリン酸標準と比較することにより、ヒドロキサミン酸第二鉄の形成を505nmで分光光度的に定量化した。ホスホケトラーゼ活性の1単位は、F6PまたはX5Pのいずれかから毎分1ミリモルのアセチルリン酸を形成する抽出物の量として定義される。アッセイにおいて基質なしで測定された活性値を差し引いた。比活性は、タンパク質1ミリグラムあたりのミリ単位で表される。
株13および14の構築:ΔackA+pta AG1413株におけるグリオキシル酸/ヒドロキシピルビン酸レダクターゼをコードする大腸菌ycdW遺伝子の発現の抑制 株AG1413は、ycdW遺伝子のコピーを2つ有しており、一つは染色体上に、もう一つはpME101-ycdW-TT07-PaceA-aceA-TT01プラスミド上に存在する。
株9は、ycdW遺伝子の2つのコピーを有し、一つは染色体上に、もう一つはpME101-ycdW-TT07-PaceA-aceA-TT01プラスミド上に存在する。
ホスホケトラーゼ酵素をコードするビフィドバクテリウム・アニマリスのxfpO1ec遺伝子のコドン調和バージョンを、株16において過剰発現させた。
ホスホケトラーゼ活性は、実施例4で上述したプロトコルに従って測定した。株16および17のD-キシルロース5-リン酸およびフルクトース6-リン酸ホスホケトラーゼ活性を表10に示す。
Claims (15)
- 少なくとも一つの発酵工程および改変微生物を用いて、唯一の炭素源としての炭水化物からグリコール酸および/またはグリオキシル酸を製造する方法であって、前記改変微生物において:
-aceB、glcB、gclおよびedaから選択される少なくとも一つの遺伝子の発現を低減させ、かつ、
-キシルロース5-リン酸ホスホケトラーゼおよび/またはフルクトース6-リン酸ホスホケトラーゼをコードする少なくとも一つの遺伝子の発現が増強されている、
前記製造方法。 - 前記ホスホケトラーゼをコードする遺伝子が、ラクトバチルス・ペントサス(Lactobacillus pentosus)のxpkA遺伝子、ビフィドバクテリウム・アニマリス(Bifidobacterium animalis)のxfp遺伝子、またはビフィドバクテリウム・ラクティス(Bifidobacterium lactis)のxfp遺伝子、またはそれらの相同遺伝子から選択される、請求項1に記載の製造方法。
- 前記改変微生物が、大腸菌(Escherichia coli)由来のycdW遺伝子またはその相同遺伝子をさらに過剰発現する、請求項1または2に記載のグリコール酸の製造方法。
- グリコール酸からグリオキシル酸を製造するための請求項3に記載の方法であって、
-任意に発酵ブロスからグリコール酸を分離する工程、
-大腸菌由来のgldDEFG遺伝子によりコードされるグリコール酸オキシダーゼおよび大腸菌由来のkatEまたはkatG遺伝子によりコードされるカタラーゼを用いたグリコール酸からの生物変換によって、またはニトロキシルラジカル触媒を用いた化学変換によって、グリコール酸をグリオキシル酸に変換する工程、
-グリオキシル酸を回収する工程
をさらに含む、前記製造方法。 - グリコール酸オキシダーゼおよびカタラーゼが同じ微生物において発現される、請求項4に記載の製造方法。
- 前記改変微生物において、少なくとも大腸菌由来のycdW遺伝子が低減されている、請求項1または2に記載のグリオキシル酸の製造方法。
- グリオキシル酸からグリコール酸を製造するための請求項6に記載の方法であって、
-任意に発酵ブロスからグリオキシル酸を分離する工程、
-大腸菌由来の遺伝子ycdW遺伝子またはリゾビウム・エトリ(Rhizobium etli)由来のgrxA遺伝子によりコードされるグリオキシル酸レダクターゼを用いたグリオキシル酸からの生物変換によって、または水素化ホウ素ナトリウムを用いた化学変換によって、グリオキシル酸をグリコール酸に変換する工程、
-グリコール酸を回収する工程
をさらに含む、前記製造方法。 - グリシンと、枯草菌(Bacillus subtilis)由来のグリシンオキシダーゼをコードする遺伝子および任意に大腸菌由来のカタラーゼをコードするkatEまたはkatG遺伝子を過剰発現する微生物とを接触させることにより、グリシンからグリオキシル酸を製造する方法。
- グリコール酸が、結晶化、蒸留、液-液抽出または抽出発酵の工程により精製される、請求項1~8のいずれか一項に記載の製造方法。
- グリオキシル酸が、イオン交換、結晶化、沈殿または抽出発酵の工程により精製される、請求項1~9のいずれか一項に記載の製造方法。
- グリコール酸またはグリオキシル酸の製造のために改変された微生物であって、
-aceB、glcB、gclおよびedaから選択される少なくとも一つの遺伝子の発現が低減され、
-ホスホケトラーゼをコードする少なくとも一つの遺伝子の発現が増強されている、
前記微生物。 - 前記ホスホケトラーゼをコードする遺伝子が、ラクトバチルス・ペントサスのxpkA遺伝子、ビフィドバクテリウム・アニマリスのxfp遺伝子、またはビフィドバクテリウム・ラクティスのxfp遺伝子、またはそれらの相同遺伝子から選択される、請求項11記載の微生物。
- -大腸菌由来のycdW遺伝子またはグリコール酸産生のためのその相同遺伝子の過剰発現、または、
-グリオキシル酸産生のための大腸菌由来の少なくともycdW遺伝子の発現の低減をさらに含む、
請求項11または12に記載の微生物。 - 前記微生物が、腸内細菌科、クロストリジウム科、コリネバクテリウム科、バチルス科、ビフィドバクテリウム科、ラクトバチルス科または酵母から選択される、請求項1~13のいずれか一項に記載の微生物。
- 前記微生物が大腸菌種由来である、請求項14に記載の微生物。
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