CN102150375A - 用于经过增强的可变速率编解码器的带内信令的方法 - Google Patents

用于经过增强的可变速率编解码器的带内信令的方法 Download PDF

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CN102150375A
CN102150375A CN2009801360463A CN200980136046A CN102150375A CN 102150375 A CN102150375 A CN 102150375A CN 2009801360463 A CN2009801360463 A CN 2009801360463A CN 200980136046 A CN200980136046 A CN 200980136046A CN 102150375 A CN102150375 A CN 102150375A
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waveform
voice channel
signaling
window function
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M·赫然欧
K·伯明翰
L·赵
D·昆比
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Airbiquity Inc
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L27/00—Modulated-carrier systems
    • H04L27/10—Frequency-modulated carrier systems, i.e. using frequency-shift keying
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
    • G10L—SPEECH ANALYSIS OR SYNTHESIS; SPEECH RECOGNITION; SPEECH OR VOICE PROCESSING; SPEECH OR AUDIO CODING OR DECODING
    • G10L19/00—Speech or audio signals analysis-synthesis techniques for redundancy reduction, e.g. in vocoders; Coding or decoding of speech or audio signals, using source filter models or psychoacoustic analysis
    • G10L19/04—Speech or audio signals analysis-synthesis techniques for redundancy reduction, e.g. in vocoders; Coding or decoding of speech or audio signals, using source filter models or psychoacoustic analysis using predictive techniques
    • G10L19/16—Vocoder architecture
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L25/00—Baseband systems
    • H04L25/02—Details ; arrangements for supplying electrical power along data transmission lines
    • H04L25/03—Shaping networks in transmitter or receiver, e.g. adaptive shaping networks
    • H04L25/03828—Arrangements for spectral shaping; Arrangements for providing signals with specified spectral properties
    • H04L25/03834—Arrangements for spectral shaping; Arrangements for providing signals with specified spectral properties using pulse shaping
    • H04L25/0384—Design of pulse shapes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04M—TELEPHONIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04M11/00—Telephonic communication systems specially adapted for combination with other electrical systems
    • H04M11/06—Simultaneous speech and data transmission, e.g. telegraphic transmission over the same conductors
    • H04M11/066—Telephone sets adapted for data transmision

Abstract

公开了对带内信令——即在语音呼叫会话期间数字无线网络的语音信道中的数据传输——的改进。公开了一系列窄带信令方法，用于使携带数据的信号成功地经过在CDMA无线信道中普遍使用的EVRC-B声码器的低比特率模式。一些实施方案使用FSK调制来产生与另一个波形级联的锥形信令波形。这些特征可以被用在蜂窝电话或其他无线通信设备(包括汽车应用)中。

Description

用于经过增强的可变速率编解码器的带内信令的方法
相关申请
本申请要求2008年9月15日提交的标题为“Signal Design for Low-Bit Rate EVRC-B”的美国临时专利申请No.61/097,177以及2008年10月1日提交的标题为“Tapered Narrow-band Data Signaling Method，System and Software for Enhanced Variable-rate Codec Compatibility in In-Band Signaling”的美国临时专利申请No.61/101,880的优先权。本申请也要求2008年10月15日提交的美国申请No.12/252,284的优先权。所有优先权申请的公开内容以参引方式全部纳入本文，就如同在本文中阐述一样。
技术领域
无线通信，包括用于经过数字无线电信系统的语音信道会话的小量数据的带内信令的方法。
背景技术
在蜂窝和陆上线路电话网络中使用的许多电信部件被设计为在语音通信信道上有效率地传输人类语音信号。例如，数字语音编码器(声码器)使用线性预测编码技术来以压缩格式表示所采样的语音信号。这些线性预测编码器在对语音信号的频域分量进行压缩和估计的同时滤除噪声(非语音信号)，然后在语音信道上传输该语音信号。
有时期望在无线电信网络上既传输音频信号又传输数字数据。例如，当蜂窝电话使用者呼叫“911”寻求紧急援助时，该用户可能会希望在与向人类接线员口头解释紧急情况所用的相同的信道上向呼叫中心发送数字位置数据。然而，在无线网络的语音信道上传输数字数据信号可能是困难的，因为这样的信号要经受几种类型的畸变。例如，由语音压缩算法造成的声码器效应可使在无线网络语音信道上行进的已编码数据信号畸变。
仍需要对经由数字无线电信网络语音信道的数据通信进行改进。对于一些应用尤其是紧急应用而言语音信道是优选的，这是因为，与数据服务不同，无线语音服务高度可靠、延迟最小并且在全球的许多地理区域中广泛可得到。
相关信息可以在美国专利No.6,144,336中找到，该专利以参引方式纳入本文。另一些公开内容可以在美国专利No.6,690,681中找到，该专利也以参引方式纳入本文。最后，又一些相关公开内容在美国专利No.6,493,338中出现，该专利也以参引方式纳入本文，就如同在本文中阐述一样。前述专利为本申请的受让人所拥有。
附图说明
图1是用于数字无线电信系统语音信道中数据传输的具有布莱克曼-哈里斯(Blackman-Harris)窗的2225Hz正弦曲线的绘图。
图2是示出了用于数字无线电信系统语音信道中数据传输的组合信令波形的一个实施例的绘图。
优选实施方案的详细描述
公开了一系列窄带信令方法，其用于使携带数据的信号成功地经过在CDMA无线信道中普遍使用的EVRC-B声码器的低比特率模式。这一处理链会对高于2kHz的窄带信号(或音调)造成显著的畸变，这导致数字无线网络语音信道上的数据传递(称作“带内信令”)的低劣检测性能。
在符合本发明的一个实施例中，窄带信号可以被创建以经过已知的蜂窝网络和EVRC-B处理，并成功地被音调检测器检测。假设有一个被设计为对具有给定的或预先确定的频率的信号进行检测的系统，那么就将该期望的信号创建为具有在两端都成锥形(tapered)的包络(见图1)。已经发现，这具有激励声码器以比本应发生的更高的比特率来表示信号的效果。结果，该信号将是对原始信号的更准确表示，并且更容易被接收器所检测。在下文中以举例方式描述一个优选实施方案。
在该实施例中，所研究的信号是3秒2225Hz音调，并且被创建为一个简单正弦曲线乘以一个窗函数，如图1中所示。在该实施例中使用了布莱克曼-哈里斯窗函数，尽管也可以使用其他已知的窗函数，例如汉明(Hamming)、帕仁(Parzen)、高斯(Gaussian)、巴莱特(Bartlett)、凯塞(Kaiser)等等。除了使由EVRC-B网络造成的畸变最小化，该波形的另一个优势是，被设计为检测该2225Hz音调的传统(legacy)检测器也能检测该新波形。因此该改进的波形可以被用来有利于告知接收调制解调器，例如使它准备好接收该语音信道中接下来的后续数据。本文公开的波形也可被用来使发送侧编码器(transmission side coder)或声码器在发送作为音频音调而编码的数据之前做好准备。
一旦确定了该波形的设计参数(例如持续时间、频率和窗函数)，就可以使用通用编程语言(例如C语言)或者用信号处理软件包(例如Matlab)来产生该波形。二者都是商业上可得到的。然后该波形的数字样本可以被存储在该带内信令设备的存储器中，并且每当对工作必要时就被取出。替代地，设计参数可以被存储在该带内信令设备的存储器中，并且每当必要时就使用这些参数来“即时(on-the-fly)”产生该波形。
这些方法可以被应用到各种带内信令设备中。例如，带内“调制解调器”可以被实现为在蜂窝电话中存储和执行的软件。可以使用蜂窝电话处理器和/或DSP设备来执行它。带内调制解调器的其他实现方式可以适用于例如机动车。在这样的情况中，该调制解调器可以被联结到该机动车的车载网络，用于与其他系统集成。例如，在车辆系统中检测到的气囊展开或其他紧急信号(火、引擎爆炸等等)可以被用来触发该调制解调器以自动向到紧急呼叫接受者发起呼叫。
数字处理器和关联存储器
如所指出的，在一些实施方案中，本发明可以由数字计算系统来实现。术语“数字计算系统”指的是任何如下的系统：包括至少一个数字处理器以及关联存储器(associated memory)，其中该数字处理器能够执行存储在该存储器中的指令或“代码”。(该存储器也可以存储数据。)数字处理器包括但不限于微处理器、多核处理器、DSP(数字信号处理器)、声码器、处理器阵列、网络处理器等等。数字处理器可以是较大设备(例如膝上或台式计算机、PDA、蜂窝电话、iPhone PDA、Blackberry
Figure BPA00001330025900041
PDA/电话，或者事实上几乎任何电子设备)的一部分。
该关联存储器(在下文中进一步解释)可以与该处理器(例如布置在集成电路微处理器或类似物内的RAM或闪存)集成在一起。在另一些实施例中，该存储器包括独立器件，例如外部盘驱动器、存储阵列或便携式闪存密钥卡(key fob)。在这样的情况中，当该存储器和该数字处理器操作性地联结在一起或者互相联通(例如通过I/O端口、网络连接等等)以使得该处理器能够读取存储在该存储器中的文件时，该存储器就变得与该数字处理器“关联”。关联存储器可以被设计为(ROM)或凭借权限设置成“只读”的，或者不是。其他实例包括但不限于WORM、EPROM、EEPROM、FLASH等等。这些技术常常被实现在固态(solid state)半导体器件中。其他存储器可以包括移动部件，例如常规的旋转盘驱动器。所有这些存储器都是“机器可读的”，它们众所周知可由合适的数字处理器读取。
计算机程序的存储
如上文解释的，本发明优选地被实现或体现为计算机软件(也被称为“计算机程序”或“代码”；这些术语可互换)。程序或代码当存储在可被数字处理器读取的数字存储器中时是最有用的。(在一些 情况中，例如在简单文本文档或“无格式文件(flat file)”的情况 中，数字计算系统可以只有在移动、复制、删除、电邮、扫描病毒等 等的意义上才能够“读取”文件。换言之，该文件在该特定计算系统 上可以是不可执行的，尽管在另一个不同的处理器或计算系统或平台 上可以是可执行的。)术语“计算机可读存储介质”(或替代地，“机器可读存储介质”)包括所有前述类型的存储器，以及未来可能出现的新技术，只要它们能够至少暂时地存储性质为计算机程序或其他数据的数字信息以使得所存储的信息可以被适当的数字处理器“读取”。术语“计算机可读”并不旨在限于术语“计算机”的历史用途，即暗指完整主机、小型计算机、台式计算机或者甚至膝上计算机。而是，该术语意味着存储介质可被数字处理器或任何数字计算系统读取。这样的介质可以是可被计算机或处理器本地和/或远程访问的任何可得到的介质，并且包括易失性和非易失性介质、可移动和不可移动介质。
计算机程序产品
在计算机可读存储介质中已经存储有程序的情况下，该存储介质可以被称作计算机程序产品。例如，便携式数字存储介质可以被用作用于存储和运送(发行、购买、出售、许可)计算机程序的方便工具。这在过去常常用于打包的(packaged)(“成压缩包的(shrink wrapped)”)程序的零售点发行。这样的存储介质的实例包括但不限于CD-ROM以及类似物。计算机程序产品的一个实例是存储有计算机程序的CD-ROM。
因此，本发明包括被配置为产生和/或传输本文所述类型的波形的带内信令电路和软件。相对比，在接收端，可以采用检测器和解码器来对使用这样的波形传输的数据进行解码。在一些实施方案中，所述波形是向后兼容的，以被传统装备检测和解码。
在一些实施方案中，上文公开的类型的波形可以与另一音调或波形组合使用，以为采用多类声码器的无线网络提供带内调制解调器信令能力。带内调制解调器可以使用在一类声码器信道中工作而不在另一类声码器信道中工作的特定信令波形。这样的情景发生在当该网络中的语音声码器升级时，正如当EVRC-B声码器被引入CDMA无线网络并与传统EVRC声码器共存时那样。不同于EVRC，该EVRC-B语音编解码信道对于超过2kHz的信号是不透明的，从而会抑制为EVRC信道产生的大于2kHz的信号。带内调制解调器可以使用相级联的EVRC-B兼容波形和EVRC兼容波形，以确保在这样的无线网络中的工作。替代地，该组合可以由一个在这两个声码器信道中都可检测的波形和一个仅在一个声码器信道中兼容的波形。
另一个优选实施方案采用了相级联的前述锥形信令波形和使用FSK调制的另一个波形。该锥形的或开窗的波形在EVRC和EVRC-B信道中都是可检测的，并且该FSK调制信号旨在用在EVRC-B信道中。这样的波形组合在EVRC-B信道中造成了改进的性能，因为有两个波形可以被检测，并且这样的波形组合支持在EVRC信道中工作的带内调制解调器。此级联波形的一个实例在图2中示出，其中一个2225Hz开窗音调后面跟随着一个FSK调制波形。
本领域技术人员应明了，可以在不偏离本发明基本原理的情况下对上述实施方案的细节做出许多修改。因此本发明的范围应仅由下列权利要求所确定。

Claims (20)

1.一种用于在数字无线电信设备中使用以在数字无线电信网络的语音信道上发送数据的带内信令调制解调器，该带内信令调制解调器包括：
存储在所述无线电信设备中的存储器中的软件，所述软件在所述无线电信设备中的处理器中是可执行的；
所述软件被配置为控制所述处理器，以产生用于在所述语音信道上传输的预先确定的第一信令波形，所述第一信令波形具有在近似400-3400Hz范围内的频率；并且
其中所述第一信令波形在该波形的开始处是锥形的，以使得其在振幅上从基本零振幅逐渐增大到预先确定的峰振幅，用于减小由所述语音信道中的声码器造成的信令波形畸变。
2.根据权利要求1的带内信令调制解调器，其中所述第一信令波形在该波形的结束处是锥形的，以使得其在振幅上从所述峰振幅逐渐减小到基本零振幅；以及
所述第一信令波形具有在近似1-3秒范围内的持续时间。
3.根据权利要求2的带内信令调制解调器，其中所述数字无线电信设备包括蜂窝电话。
4.根据权利要求2的带内信令调制解调器，其中所述电信设备被集成到机动车中，并被布置为自动工作以在紧急情况下在所述数字无线电信网络的语音信道上发送数据。
5.根据权利要求2的带内信令调制解调器，其中所述第一信令波形具有近似3秒的持续时间，并且具有大于近似2kHz的频率。
6.根据权利要求2的带内信令调制解调器，其中所述第一信令波形在传输之前被创建，并且被存储在所述通信设备中的存储器中。
7.根据权利要求2的带内信令调制解调器，其中所述第一信令波形包括近似3秒、2225Hz的音调，用于与传统检测器向后兼容。
8.根据权利要求2的带内信令调制解调器，其中所述软件还被配置成控制所述处理器以产生用于在所述语音信道上传输的组合信令波形，所述组合信令波形包括所述第一信令波形和第二信令波形，所述第二信令波形以两个音频的FSK(相移键控)调制为特征；并且所述第一和第二信令波形级联传输。
9.根据权利要求8的带内信令调制解调器，其中所述第一信令波形是通过应用从下列窗函数中选择的一个来产生的：汉明窗函数、帕仁窗函数、高斯窗函数、巴莱特窗函数和凯塞窗函数。
10.一种存储在机器可读存储介质中的计算机程序，其用于在蜂窝电话中的数字处理器中执行以在数字无线电信网络的语音信道上发送数据，该程序被配置为传输具有至少一个锥形端的预先确定的信令波形，所述信令波形用于在所述语音信道中发送数据之前传输。
11.一种存储有可执行代码的计算机程序产品，所述代码用于在数字无线电信设备中使用以在数字无线电信网络的语音信道上发送数据，其中所述代码在所述蜂窝电话中的处理器上是可执行的，
并且其中所述代码被配置为产生用于在所述语音信道上传输数据之前传输的组合信令波形，所述组合信令波形被选择以减小声码器中的畸变；并且进一步
其中所述组合信令波形包括相级联的至少两个不同脉冲串(burst)，每一个脉冲串具有至少近似1.0秒的持续时间，并且至少一个脉冲串包括基本为正弦曲线的波形，该基本为正弦曲线的波形具有大于近似2kHz的频率并且在其开始处是锥形的，从基本零振幅逐渐增大到预先确定的峰振幅。
12.根据权利要求11的计算机程序产品，其中所述代码被配置为产生所述组合信令波形，该组合信令波形具有至少近似3秒的总持续时间。
13.根据权利要求12的计算机程序产品，其中所述第二脉冲串波形以两个音频的FSK(相移键控)调制为特征，并且所述第二脉冲串在所述第一脉冲串之前或之后。
14.根据权利要求11的计算机程序产品，其中所述第一脉冲串包括近似3秒、2225Hz的音调。
15.一种用于使音频波形适合于以减小的畸变穿过数字无线电信系统的语音信道中的声码器的方法，该方法包括：
产生第一音频波形；
将所述第一波形的持续时间延长到选定的持续时间，该选定的持续时间在近似1-3秒范围内；以及
对所述第一波形应用窗函数以使所述第一波形的前端和尾端成锥形，用于减小当在数字无线电信系统的语音信道中传输所述第一波形时可能会遇到的特定低速率声码器中的畸变。
16.根据权利要求15的方法，还包括：
产生用于与所述第一波形级联传输的第二波形；
其中所述第二波形以两个音频的FSK(相移键控)调制为特征。
17.权利要求16的方法，其中所述窗函数是从由下列窗函数构成的组中选择的：汉明窗函数、帕仁窗函数、高斯窗函数、巴莱特窗函数和凯塞窗函数。
18.一种用于在数字无线电信网络的语音信道上传递数字数据的方法，包括：
接收数字输入数据；
将所述输入数据编码成用于经由所述语音信道传输的音频音调；
产生信令波形；
首先在所述语音信道上传输所述信令波形，以使发送侧声码器做好准备；
然后在所述语音信道上传输所述输入数据编码而成的所述音频音调。
19.权利要求18的方法，其中所述信令波形包括相级联的至少两个不同脉冲串，每一个脉冲串具有至少近似1.0秒的持续时间，并且至少一个脉冲串包括在开始处为锥形的音频波形，以使得其在振幅上从基本零振幅逐渐增大到预先确定的峰振幅，用于减小由所述语音信道中的声码器造成的信令波形畸变。
20.权利要求19的方法，其中所述第一脉冲串是锥形的，并且所述第二脉冲串波形以两个音频的FSK(相移键控)调制为特征。
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