CN102089073B - 粉状的、固体的或液体的燃料如煤、石油焦、石油、焦油或类似物的气化方法和反应器 - Google Patents

粉状的、固体的或液体的燃料如煤、石油焦、石油、焦油或类似物的气化方法和反应器 Download PDF

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CN102089073B
CN102089073B CN200980127145.5A CN200980127145A CN102089073B CN 102089073 B CN102089073 B CN 102089073B CN 200980127145 A CN200980127145 A CN 200980127145A CN 102089073 B CN102089073 B CN 102089073B
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J·多斯塔尔
E·库斯克
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ThyssenKrupp Industrial Solutions AG
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Abstract

一种用于在被冷却的反应器中冷却承受高温载荷的机组的方法，所述反应器用于用含氧的气化介质气化含碳燃料，反应器壁通过冷却剂的循环冷却，通过该方法要可靠地在可能出现渗漏时防止材料从反应器进入冷却循环。这如下达到：要被冷却的机组例如气化燃烧器、马弗炉或类似物配备自己的冷却循环，该冷却循环与主冷却循环直接连接。

Description

粉状的、固体的或液体的燃料如煤、石油焦、石油、焦油或类似物的气化方法和反应器
技术领域
本发明涉及在用于用含氧的气化介质气化含碳燃料的被冷却的反应器中对承受高温载荷的机组冷却的方法，其中反应器壁通过冷却剂循环被冷却。
背景技术
气化过程在相应的反应器中在高温下进行。为了保护环境防止热流溢出，已知反应器壁通过相应的主冷却系统冷却。因为在反应器中设有内部装置，所以也需要将它们相应地冷却并调整到一个使这些部件达到长寿命的温度水平。例如在此可以涉及气化器、燃烧器或类似物。
从EP 0986622 B1已知，在气化器中突出的燃烧器用自己的冷却循环冷却，来自储存容器的冷却剂在冷却燃烧器并通过热交换器相应地放热之后再次回到储存容器。在储存容器上，氮气的供应管路和通往火炬的出口同样存在，该出口通过压力调节装置与气化器连接。同样测量和调节储存容器中的状态。该已知方法的缺点在于，在泄漏时不仅CO或H2可能进入冷却循环，而且在所产生的气体中存在的其它组份，例如盐、硫化氢及其他元素。这可能导致冷却循环的严重困难。例如颗粒可能阻塞管路或导致磨损，氯化物可能促进腐蚀等等。
发明内容
在此本发明的任务在于，提出一种相应的冷却方法，它可靠地防止这类物质进入冷却循环。
按照本发明，该任务这样解决，即要被冷却的机组例如气化燃烧器、马弗炉(Brennermuffel)或类似物配置自己的冷却循环，该冷却循环与主冷却循环直接连接。
采用本发明可以达到一系列优点，特别是主冷却循环的压力水平能直接影响到这一个或多个次级冷却循环，其中本发明为此设定，各机组冷却循环在主冷却循环的压力水平上运行。
这时在另一实施形式中可以设定，机组冷却循环与主冷却系统的平衡容器(蒸汽鼓)在作用上连接。
本发明一个特殊实施形式在于，在机组冷却循环中有液体损失时，从主冷却循环给予补给。例如若在机组冷却循环中出现泄漏，则可以将来自主冷却循环的这时使用的补给直接评价为触发泄漏报警的信号。
可以这样调整机组冷却循环中的冷却剂的温度，即与给水和锅炉水进行间接的热交换和/或与供给水和锅炉水混合，正如本发明也对此规定的。
为了执行按照本发明的方法并为了解决前述任务，本发明还提出一种设备，其包括反应器的主冷却循环和集成在该冷却循环中的蒸汽鼓，所述反应器用于气化含碳燃料，其特征在于，一个或多个机组冷却循环用来冷却与该反应器相配的机组例如气化燃烧器或类似物。其中机组冷却循环与主循环的蒸汽鼓在作用上连接，使得在机组冷却循环中也存在主循环的压力水平。
在此在一种实施形式中可以设定，在机组冷却循环和主冷却循环之间的连接管路中设置泄漏监测装置。
附图说明
参照附图阅读以下描述得到本发明的其它特征、细节和优点。附图中：
图1是按照本发明的设备的线路原理图；
图2是按照本发明的设备的线路的变型方案。
具体实施方式
首先要看到，在附图中描述的设备涉及用于对承受高温度负荷的表面进行冷却或调温的系统，例如对用于用含氧的气化介质气化精细分解的、液体或固体的燃料的被冷却的反应器的燃烧器进行冷却或调温的系统，该反应器在1200～2000℃范围内的炉渣熔点温度以上工作，压力为0.3～8MPa，带有一个或多个燃烧器和一个或多个燃烧器平面，其中在图中不单独表示相应的反应器，而只表示被冷却的隔片面的入口和出口
在图1所示的示例中，用点划线框起来并标以“A”表示机组冷却循环，例如用来通过相应的冷却面2冷却用1标示的带有烧嘴头3的气化燃烧器，其中可以设置其它要被冷却的机组，在附图中，相应的冷却面用2a和2b表示。机组冷却循环的冷却剂在循环中借助于泵5通过管路4从冷却面2通过用6表示的热交换器引回冷却面2。
通过连接管路7引导带有用“B”标示的主冷却循环的蒸汽鼓8的机组冷却循环，其中主冷却循环的冷却面的入口用9标示，向蒸汽鼓8回流用10标示，主冷却循环“B”的锅炉供水循环泵用11标示。在从连接管路7到蒸汽鼓8的机组冷却循环中设置用12标示的泄漏监测装置。例如若机组冷却循环“A”的压力下降，则自动从主冷却循环引入冷却剂并发出泄漏报警。
在图1中显示两个温度控制系统“C”和“D”，它们可以单独或结合使用。控制系统“C”由TC环节13以及混合阀14组成。
可以设置调节装置“D”，防止从机组冷却系统的加热面或冷却面的回流中的沸腾，它同样由TC环节15和阀门16组成。
图2表示一个路线变型方案，其中所有相同的设备部分都标以与图1相同的符号，必要时添加字母″a″。
与图1不同，这里引入新的温度控制系统“E″，带有相应的TC环节13a和混合阀14a，后者作用在绕过热交换器6的旁路管路17上。可以看出，通过该旁路可以进行相应的温度调节。
当然，所描述的本发明的实施例仍旧在许多方面可以改进，而不脱离发明基本思想。

Claims (8)

1.用于在被冷却的反应器中冷却承受高温载荷的机组的方法，所述机组是气化燃烧器或马弗炉，所述反应器用于用含氧的气化介质气化含碳燃料，反应器壁通过冷却剂循环来冷却，其特征在于，要被冷却的机组配备自己的机组冷却循环，该机组冷却循环直接连接于主冷却循环，在机组冷却循环中出现液体损失时，由主冷却循环补给，在向机组冷却循环中补给冷却剂时触发泄漏报警。
2.按照权利要求1的方法，其特征在于，机组冷却循环在主冷却循环的压力水平上运行。
3.按照权利要求1或2的方法，其特征在于，机组冷却循环与主冷却系统的平衡容器在作用上连接。
4.按照权利要求1或2的方法，其特征在于，在机组冷却循环中的冷却剂的温度通过与给水和锅炉水的间接热交换和/或通过与给水和锅炉水的混合进行调节。
5.按照权利要求3的方法，其特征在于，所述平衡容器是蒸汽鼓。
6.用于执行按照权利要求1至5中任一项的方法的设备，该设备包括一个用于反应器的主冷却循环，所述反应器用于气化含碳燃料，主冷却循环包括一个集成在主冷却循环中的蒸汽鼓，其特征在于，一个或多个机组冷却循环(A)用来冷却与反应器相配的气化燃烧器(2)，机组冷却循环(A)与主冷却循环(B)的蒸汽鼓(8)在作用上连接，使得在机组冷却循环(A)中也存在主冷却循环(B)的压力水平。
7.按照权利要求6的设备，其特征在于，在机组冷却循环(A)和主冷却循环(B)之间的连接管路(7)中设置泄漏监测装置(12)。
8.按照权利要求6或7的设备，其特征在于，在机组冷却循环(A)中设置热交换器(6)，用来接收来自机组冷却循环(A)的热量，向蒸汽鼓(8)加载。
CN200980127145.5A 2008-07-24 2009-07-17 粉状的、固体的或液体的燃料如煤、石油焦、石油、焦油或类似物的气化方法和反应器 Expired - Fee Related CN102089073B (zh)

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