TWI461523B - 用於氣化諸如煤炭、焦炭、油、瀝青等粉狀、固態或液態燃料之方法及反應器 - Google Patents

用於氣化諸如煤炭、焦炭、油、瀝青等粉狀、固態或液態燃料之方法及反應器 Download PDF

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TWI461523B
TWI461523B TW098124809A TW98124809A TWI461523B TW I461523 B TWI461523 B TW I461523B TW 098124809 A TW098124809 A TW 098124809A TW 98124809 A TW98124809 A TW 98124809A TW I461523 B TWI461523 B TW I461523B
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cooling cycle
unit
cooling
cycle
reactor
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TW201020319A (en
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Johannes Dostal
Eberhard Kuske
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Uhde Gmbh
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Description

用於氣化諸如煤炭、焦炭、油、瀝青等粉狀、固態或液態燃料之方法及反應器
本發明係一種冷卻承受高溫荷載之機組的方法，該等機組係位於以含氧氣化劑將含碳燃料氣化的已冷卻的反應器內，其中反應器壁是經由一冷卻劑循環冷卻。
氣化過程是在適當的反應器內在高溫的環境中進行。為了防止排出的熱流對周圍環境造成損害，一種已知的作法是利用一適當的主冷卻系統將反應器壁冷卻。由於反應器內設有多個機組，因此也必須將這些機組冷卻並調整到一適當的溫度水準，以使這些機組能夠達到很長的使用壽命。例如這些機組可以是氣化器、燒嘴、或其他類似的裝置。
EP 0 986 622 B1揭示一種利用自有冷卻循環將一伸入氣化器之燃燒嘴冷卻的方法，其中由一儲存容器流出之冷卻劑在冷卻及經過相應的散熱後會通過一熱交換器並回流至儲存容器。儲存容器還連接一條氮氣輸送管，該氮氣輸送管如同一經由一壓力調節器與氣化器連接之通往火焰的排出口。儲存容器內的狀態持續受到監控及調節。這種已知方法之缺點是當發生泄漏時，不只是一氧化碳或氫氣可能會進入冷卻循環，其他存在於所形成之氣體內的成分，例如鹽、硫化氫及其他成分可能對冷卻循環造成很大麻煩的成分。例如微粒可能會將管路堵塞或磨蝕，氯化物可能導管路腐蝕情況加劇。
本發明的目的是提出一種能夠確保上述成分不會進入冷卻循環的冷卻方法。
為達到上述目的，本發明提出的方法是使要冷卻的機組(例如氣化燒嘴、燒嘴口、或其他類似裝置)本身有配備冷卻循環，而且該冷卻循環與主冷卻循環直接連接。
本發明的方法具有一系列的優點，特別是可以使主冷卻循環的壓力水平直接施於副冷卻循環上，也就是說本發明的方法是以主冷卻循環的壓力水平操作機組冷卻循環。
根據本發明的另外一種實施方式，可以將機組冷卻循環與主冷卻系統的平衡容器(蒸汽鼓)連接。
根據本發明的一種特別的實施方式，當機組冷卻循環出現液體流失的情況時，主冷卻循環會將液體補注入機組冷卻循環。例如當機組冷卻循環發生泄漏時，則從主冷卻循環流出的補注液體就會立刻被作為啟動泄漏警報的信號。
根據本發明的方法，可以經由與給水及鍋爐水進行的間接熱交換及/或與給水及鍋爐水混合，以調整機組冷卻循環中的冷卻劑溫度。
為了執行本發明的方法及達到本發明的目的，本發明還提出一種設備，該設備具有一將含碳燃料氣化之反應器的主冷卻循環及一位於冷卻循環內之蒸汽鼓，該設備之特徵為具有一或多個冷卻反應器之機組(例如氣化燒嘴或其他類似裝置)的機組冷卻循環，其中機組冷卻循環與主冷卻循環的蒸氣鼓連接方式使便主冷卻循環的壓力水平也能夠作用在機組冷卻循環上。
本發明的另外一種實施方式的特徵是在機組冷卻循環及主冷卻循環之間的一條連接管中設置一泄漏監控裝置。
以下配合圖式及實施例對本發明的其他特徵、細節及優點做進一步的說明。
首先要指出的是，圖式中的設備是一種用來冷卻或加熱承受很高之溫度荷載之表面的系統，例如以含氧氣化劑將粉狀、液態或固態燃料氣化之已冷卻的反應器的燃燒嘴，該設備的工作溫度是在爐渣熔點以上，也就是1200℃至2000℃之間，其中壓力為0.3MPa至8MPa，該設備具有一或多個燃燒嘴及一或多個燒嘴平面，此外圖式中並未將相應的反應器繪出，而只是將反應器朝向冷卻之薄膜面的入口及出口繪出。
第1圖中以虛線框住的部分代表一機組冷卻循環(A)，例如該機組冷卻循環(A)可以經由相應的冷卻面(2)將帶有燒嘴頭(3)的氣化燃燒嘴(1)冷卻，當然也可以用來冷卻其他的機組，圖式中亦標示出使這些機組冷卻的相應的冷卻面(2a，2b)。在循環中，機組冷卻循環的冷卻劑是經由一管線(4)輸入，然後從冷卻面(2)經由一幫浦(5)通過熱交換器(6)回到冷卻面(2)。
機組冷卻循環經由連接管(7)與主冷卻循環(B)的蒸氣鼓(8)連接，從圖式中還可以看出流入主冷卻循環之冷卻面的入流(9)、流回蒸氣鼓(8)的回流(10)、以及主冷卻循環(B)的鍋爐水循環幫浦(11)。在機組冷卻循環中，從連接管(7)到蒸氣鼓(8)之間設有一泄漏監控裝置(12)。例如，當機組冷卻循環(A)發生泄漏時，來自主冷卻循環的冷卻劑會自動注入，並發出一泄漏警報。
第1圖還顯示兩個可以單獨設置或組合在一起的溫度控制系統(C，D)。溫度控制系統(C)是由一TC組件(13)及一混合閥(14)所構成。
溫度控制系統(D)的作用是防止從機組冷卻系統的加熱面或冷卻面流出的回流沸騰，溫度控制系統(D)是由一TC組件(15)及一個閥(16)所構成。
第2圖顯示另外一種電路圖，其中凡是與第1圖相同之元件全部使用與第1圖相同之元件符號，其他的元件則在第1圖之元件符號上另外加上一個字母”a”。
第2圖與第1圖不同之處是另外加入一個由一TC組件(13a)及一混合閥(14a)構成的溫度控制系統(E)，且混合閥(14a)與一繞過熱交換器(6)的旁通管(17)連接。經由該旁通管可以進行適當的溫度調節。
當然在不偏離本發明之基本構想的原則下，還可以對以上描述之本發明的實施方式做許多不同的變化。
A．．．機組冷卻循環
B．．．主冷卻循環
C，D，E．．．溫度控制系統
1．．．燃燒嘴
2，2a，2b．．．機組/冷卻面
3．．．燒嘴頭
4．．．管線
5．．．幫浦
6．．．熱交換器
7．．．連接管
8．．．蒸氣鼓
9．．．入流
10．．．回流
11．．．鍋爐水循環幫浦
12．．．泄漏監控裝置
13，13a，15．．．TC組件
14，14a．．．混合閥
16．．．閥
17．．．旁通館
第1圖本發明之設備的原理電路圖。
第2圖本發明之設備的另外一種電路圖。
1．．．燃燒嘴
2，2a，2b．．．機組/冷卻面
3．．．燒嘴頭
4．．．管線
5．．．幫浦
6．．．熱交換器
7．．．連接管
8．．．蒸氣鼓
9．．．入流
10．．．回流
11．．．鍋爐水循環幫浦
12．．．泄漏監控裝置
13，15．．．TC組件
14．．．混合閥
16．．．閥
A．．．機組冷卻循環
B．．．主冷卻循環
C，D．．．溫度控制系統

Claims (9)

  1. 一種冷卻承受高溫荷載之機組的方法，該等機組係位於以含氧氣化劑將含碳燃料氣化的已冷卻的反應器內，其中反應器壁是經由一冷卻劑循環冷卻，其特徵為：諸如氣化燒嘴、燒嘴口、或其他類似裝置之待冷卻的機組本身有配備冷卻循環，而且該冷卻循環與主冷卻循環直接連接。
  2. 如申請專利範圍第1項的方法，其中以主冷卻循環的壓力水平操作機組冷卻循環。
  3. 如申請專利範圍第1項的方法，其中將機組冷卻循環與主冷卻系統的平衡容器(蒸汽鼓)連接。
  4. 如申請專利範圍第1項的方法，其中當機組冷卻循環出現液體流失的情況時，主冷卻循環會將液體補注入機組冷卻循環。
  5. 如申請專利範圍第1項的方法，其中將冷卻劑補注到機組冷卻循環時，會啟動泄漏警報。
  6. 如申請專利範圍中第1項的方法，其中經由與給水及鍋爐水進行的間接熱交換及/或與給水及鍋爐水混合，以調整機組冷卻循環中的冷卻劑溫度。
  7. 一種執行如申請專利範圍第1項之方法的設備，具有一將含碳燃料氣化之反應器的主冷卻循環及一位於冷卻循環內之蒸汽鼓，其特徵為：具有一或多個諸如氣化燒嘴或其他類似裝置之冷卻反應器之機組(2)的機組冷卻循環 (A)，其中機組冷卻循環(A)與主冷卻循環(B)的蒸氣鼓(8)的連接方式使主冷卻循環(B)的壓力水平也能夠作用在機組冷卻循環(A)上。
  8. 如申請專利範圍第7項的設備，其中在機組冷卻循環(A)及主冷卻循環(B)之間的一條連接管(7)中設置一泄漏監控裝置(12)。
  9. 如申請專利範圍第7項的設備，其中在機組冷卻循環(A)中設置一熱交換器(6)，以吸收與蒸氣鼓(8)連接之機組冷卻循環(A)排出的熱。
TW098124809A 2008-07-24 2009-07-23 用於氣化諸如煤炭、焦炭、油、瀝青等粉狀、固態或液態燃料之方法及反應器 TWI461523B (zh)

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KR101634594B1 (ko) * 2015-08-25 2016-06-29 두산중공업 주식회사 보일러 급수를 순환시켜 석탄가스화 복합 발전 설비를 냉각하는 순환수 시스템을 이용한 석탄가스화 버너의 냉각 장치
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AP3406A (en) 2015-08-31
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US20110114291A1 (en) 2011-05-19
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