CA2731611A1 - Method and reactors for gasification of fuels in the form of dust, solids, or liquids, such as coal, petroleum coke, oil, tar, or the like - Google Patents

Method and reactors for gasification of fuels in the form of dust, solids, or liquids, such as coal, petroleum coke, oil, tar, or the like Download PDF

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Publication number
CA2731611A1
CA2731611A1 CA2731611A CA2731611A CA2731611A1 CA 2731611 A1 CA2731611 A1 CA 2731611A1 CA 2731611 A CA2731611 A CA 2731611A CA 2731611 A CA2731611 A CA 2731611A CA 2731611 A1 CA2731611 A1 CA 2731611A1
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CA
Canada
Prior art keywords
cooling circuit
gasification
unit
circuit
main
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Abandoned
Application number
CA2731611A
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Johannes Dostal
Eberhard Kuske
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
ThyssenKrupp Industrial Solutions AG
Original Assignee
Uhde GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Uhde GmbH filed Critical Uhde GmbH
Publication of CA2731611A1 publication Critical patent/CA2731611A1/en
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J19/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J19/0006—Controlling or regulating processes
    • B01J19/0013—Controlling the temperature of the process
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J19/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/46—Gasification of granular or pulverulent flues in suspension
    • C10J3/48—Apparatus; Plants
    • C10J3/485—Entrained flow gasifiers
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/72—Other features
    • C10J3/723—Controlling or regulating the gasification process
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/72—Other features
    • C10J3/74—Construction of shells or jackets
    • C10J3/76—Water jackets; Steam boiler-jackets
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L3/00—Gaseous fuels; Natural gas; Synthetic natural gas obtained by processes not covered by subclass C10G, C10K; Liquefied petroleum gas
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D14/00—Burners for combustion of a gas, e.g. of a gas stored under pressure as a liquid
    • F23D14/46—Details, e.g. noise reduction means
    • F23D14/72—Safety devices, e.g. operative in case of failure of gas supply
    • F23D14/78—Cooling burner parts
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J2219/00049—Controlling or regulating processes
    • B01J2219/00051—Controlling the temperature
    • B01J2219/00054—Controlling or regulating the heat exchange system
    • B01J2219/00056—Controlling or regulating the heat exchange system involving measured parameters
    • B01J2219/00058—Temperature measurement
    • B01J2219/0006—Temperature measurement of the heat exchange medium
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J2219/00049—Controlling or regulating processes
    • B01J2219/00051—Controlling the temperature
    • B01J2219/00054—Controlling or regulating the heat exchange system
    • B01J2219/00056—Controlling or regulating the heat exchange system involving measured parameters
    • B01J2219/00067—Liquid level measurement
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J2219/00049—Controlling or regulating processes
    • B01J2219/00051—Controlling the temperature
    • B01J2219/00074—Controlling the temperature by indirect heating or cooling employing heat exchange fluids
    • B01J2219/00087—Controlling the temperature by indirect heating or cooling employing heat exchange fluids with heat exchange elements outside the reactor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J2219/00049—Controlling or regulating processes
    • B01J2219/00051—Controlling the temperature
    • B01J2219/00074—Controlling the temperature by indirect heating or cooling employing heat exchange fluids
    • B01J2219/00087—Controlling the temperature by indirect heating or cooling employing heat exchange fluids with heat exchange elements outside the reactor
    • B01J2219/0009—Coils
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J2219/00049—Controlling or regulating processes
    • B01J2219/00245—Avoiding undesirable reactions or side-effects
    • B01J2219/00256—Leakage
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J2219/00049—Controlling or regulating processes
    • B01J2219/00245—Avoiding undesirable reactions or side-effects
    • B01J2219/00268—Detecting faulty operations
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2200/00—Details of gasification apparatus
    • C10J2200/15—Details of feeding means
    • C10J2200/152—Nozzles or lances for introducing gas, liquids or suspensions
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
    • C10J2300/0953—Gasifying agents
    • C10J2300/0956—Air or oxygen enriched air
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
    • C10J2300/0953—Gasifying agents
    • C10J2300/0959—Oxygen
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/18—Details of the gasification process, e.g. loops, autothermal operation
    • C10J2300/1807—Recycle loops, e.g. gas, solids, heating medium, water
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
    • Y02P20/141—Feedstock

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Gasification And Melting Of Waste (AREA)
  • Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)
  • Waste-Gas Treatment And Other Accessory Devices For Furnaces (AREA)
  • Furnace Details (AREA)
  • Industrial Gases (AREA)
  • Devices That Are Associated With Refrigeration Equipment (AREA)
  • Hydrogen, Water And Hydrids (AREA)
  • Physical Or Chemical Processes And Apparatus (AREA)

Abstract

With a method for cooling units subjected to stress at high temperatures, in cooled reactors for gasification of fuels that contain carbon, using gasification media that contain oxygen, whereby the reactor walls are cooled by way of a coolant circuit, penetration of substances from the reactor into the cooling circuit in the event of possible leaks is supposed to be reliably prevented.

This is achieved in that the units to be cooled, such as, for example, gasification burners, burner muffles, or the like, are equipped with an independent cooling circuit, whereby this cooling circuit is directly connected with the main cooling circuit.

Description

"Method and reactors for gasification of fuels in the form of dust, solids, or liquids, such as coal, petroleum coke, oil, tar, or the like"

The invention is directed at a method for cooling units subjected to stress at high temperatures, in cooled reactors for gasification of fuels that contain carbon, using gasification media that contain oxygen, whereby the reactor walls are cooled by way of a coolant circuit.

Gasification processes in corresponding reactors take place at high temperatures. In order to protect the surroundings from exit of the heat flows, it is known to cool the reactor walls by means of a corresponding main cooling system. Since installations are provided in the reactors, it is important to cool these accordingly, as well, and to set them to a temperature level with which a long useful lifetime of these parts is achieved. This can involve a gasifier, a burner, or the like, for example.

From EP 0 986 622 Bl, it is known to cool a burner that projects into the gasifier by way of an independent cooling circuit, whereby the coolant that comes from a source vessel is passed back to the source vessel after the burner has been cooled and CONFIRMATION COPY

after a corresponding heat emission has taken place by way of the heat exchanger. A feed line for nitrogen is present at the source vessel, as is an outlet to the flare, which is connected with the gasifier by way of a pressure regulation device. The status in the source vessel is also recorded and regulated. A
disadvantage of this known method of procedure consists in that if a leak occurs, not only CO or H2, but also other components that are present in the produced gas, such as salts, hydrogen sulfide, and other elements, can enter into the cooling circuit, and these can lead to great difficulties in the cooling circuit.
For example, particles can block the lines or lead to abrasions, chlorides can promote corrosion, and the like.

This is where the invention takes its start, whose goal consists in providing a corresponding cooling method that reliably prevents penetration of such substances into the cooling circuit.

This task is accomplished, according to the invention, in that the units to be cooled, such as, for example, gasification burners, burner muffles, or the like, are equipped with an independent cooling circuit, whereby this cooling circuit is directly connected with the main cooling circuit.
A number of advantages is achieved with the invention; in particular, it is possible to impose the pressure level of the main cooling circuit directly onto the secondary cooling circuit(s), whereby here, the invention provides that the unit cooling circuit, in each instance, is operated at the pressure level of the main cooling circuit.

In this connection, it can be provided, in a further embodiment, that the unit cooling circuit is connected with the equalization vessel (steam drum) of the main cooling circuit, in terms of effect.

A particular embodiment of the invention consists in that when a fluid loss occurs in the unit cooling circuit, additional feed from the main cooling circuit is provided. If, for example, a leak occurs in the unit cooling circuit, then the additional feed from the main cooling circuit can immediately be evaluated as a signal, which triggers a leak report.

An adjustment of the temperature of the cooling medium in the unit cooling circuit can take place in that an indirect heat exchange with feed water and boiler water and/or by means of mixtures of feed water and boiler water takes place, as the invention also provides.
In order to implement the method of procedure according to the invention and to accomplish the task formulated initially, the invention also provides a system having a main cooling circuit for the reactor for gasification of fuels that contain carbon, and having a steam drum integrated into the cooling circuit, which system is characterized by one or more unit cooling circuits for cooling units assigned to the reactor, such as gasification burners or the like, whereby the unit cooling circuit is connected with the steam drum of the main cooling circuit, in terms of effect, in such a manner that the pressure level of the main cooling circuit also prevails in the unit cooling circuit.

In this connection, it can be provided, in an embodiment, that a leak monitoring device is provided in a connection line between the unit cooling circuit and the main cooling circuit.

Further characteristics, details, and advantages of the invention are evident from the following description and using the drawing. This shows, in Fig. 1 a basic circuit schematic of the system according to the invention, Fig. 2 a circuit variant of the system according to the invention.

First of all, it should be noted that the system shown in the figures is a system for cooling or tempering surfaces that are subject to great temperature stress, for example the burner of a cooled reactor for gasification of fine-particle, liquid or solid fuels with gasification media that contain oxygen, which work at temperatures above the slag melting point, in ranges of 1200 to 2000 C, whereby the pressure amounts to 0.3 to 8 MPa, with one or more burners and one or more burner levels, whereby the corresponding reactor is not separately shown in the figures; only the entry and exit to the cooled membrane surfaces are shown.

In the example shown in Fig. 1, a unit cooling circuit, for example for cooling a gasification burner designated with 1, having a burner head 3, above the corresponding cooling surface 2, is shown, framed with dot-dash lines and designated with "A", whereby further units to be cooled can be provided; the corresponding cooling surfaces are designated with 2a and 2b in the drawing. The coolant of the unit cooling circuit is passed in a circuit by way of a line 4, from the cooling surface 2 over a heat exchanger designated with 6, back to the cooling surface 2, by means of a pump S.

The unit cooling circuit is passed with the steam drum 8 of the main cooling circuit designated with "B" by way of a connection line 7, whereby the inflow into the cooling surface of the main cooling circuit is designated with 9, the flow back to the steam drum 8 with 10; the boiler water circulation pump of the main cooling circuit "B" carries the reference symbol 11. In the unit cooling circuit from the connection line 7 to the steam drum 8, a leak monitoring device, designated with 12, is provided. If the pressure in the unit cooling circuit "A"
drops, for example, coolant is automatically supplied from the main cooling circuit, and a leak alarm is triggered.

In Fig. 1, two temperature control systems "C" and "D" are shown, which can be used individually or in combination. The control system "C" consists of a TC element 13 as well as a feed valve 14.

The regulation device "D" can be provided to prevent boiling in the flow back from the heating or cooling surfaces of the unit cooling system; this device also consists of a TC element 15 and a valve 16.
Fig. 2 shows a circuit variant, whereby all the identical system parts bear the same reference symbol as in Fig. 1, if necessary supplemented with the letter "a".

In contrast to what is shown in Fig. 1, here a new temperature control system "E" is introduced, having a corresponding TC
element 13a and a feed valve 14a, which impacts a bypass line 17 that circumvents the heat exchanger 6. It is evident that corresponding temperature regulation can be undertaken by means of this bypass arrangement.

Of course, the exemplary embodiments of the invention described here can still be modified in many different respects without departing from the basic idea.

Claims (9)

1. Method for cooling units subjected to stress at high temperatures, in cooled reactors for gasification of fuels that contain carbon, using gasification media that contain oxygen, whereby the reactor walls are cooled by way of a coolant circuit, characterized in that the units to be cooled, such as, for example, gasification burners, burner muffles, or the like, are equipped with an independent cooling circuit, whereby this cooling circuit is directly connected with the main cooling circuit.
2. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the unit cooling circuit is operated at the pressure level of the main cooling circuit.
3. Method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the unit cooling circuit is connected with the equalization vessel (steam drum) of the main cooling circuit, in terms of effect.
4. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that in the event of a loss of liquid in the unit cooling circuit, additional feed from the main cooling circuit is implemented.
5. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that when cooling medium is fed into the unit cooling circuit, a leak report is triggered.
6. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the temperature of the cooling medium in the unit cooling circuit is adjusted by means of indirect heat exchange with feed water and boiler water and/or by means of mixtures of feed water and boiler water.
7. System for implementing the method according to one of the preceding claims, having a main cooling circuit for the reactor for gasification of fuels that contain carbon, and having a steam drum integrated into the cooling circuit, characterized by one or more unit cooling circuits (A) for cooling units (2) assigned to the reactor, such as gasification burners or the like, whereby the unit cooling circuit (A) is connected with the stream drum (8) of the main cooling circuit (B), in terms of effect, in such a manner that the pressure level of the main cooling circuit (B) also prevails in the unit cooling circuit (A).
8. System according to claim 7, characterized in that a leak monitoring device (12) is provided in a connection line (7) between the unit cooling circuit (A) and the main cooling circuit (B).
9. System according to claim 7 or 8, characterized in that a heat exchanger (6) for absorbing the heat from the unit cooling circuit (A), with application to the steam drum (8), is provided in the unit cooling circuit (A).
CA2731611A 2008-07-24 2009-07-17 Method and reactors for gasification of fuels in the form of dust, solids, or liquids, such as coal, petroleum coke, oil, tar, or the like Abandoned CA2731611A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102008034734.5 2008-07-24
DE102008034734A DE102008034734A1 (en) 2008-07-24 2008-07-24 Processes and reactors for the gasification of dusty, solid or liquid fuels, such as coal, Petrokoks, oil, tar od. Like.
PCT/EP2009/005214 WO2010009842A2 (en) 2008-07-24 2009-07-17 Method and reactors for gasifying dusty, solid, or liquid fuels such as coal, petroleum coke, oil, tar, or the like

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
CA2731611A1 true CA2731611A1 (en) 2010-01-28

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CA2731611A Abandoned CA2731611A1 (en) 2008-07-24 2009-07-17 Method and reactors for gasification of fuels in the form of dust, solids, or liquids, such as coal, petroleum coke, oil, tar, or the like

Country Status (15)

Country Link
US (1) US20110114291A1 (en)
EP (1) EP2303449B1 (en)
KR (1) KR101484813B1 (en)
CN (1) CN102089073B (en)
AP (1) AP3406A (en)
AU (1) AU2009273508B9 (en)
BR (1) BRPI0916809A2 (en)
CA (1) CA2731611A1 (en)
CU (1) CU23958B1 (en)
DE (1) DE102008034734A1 (en)
RU (1) RU2513442C2 (en)
TW (1) TWI461523B (en)
UA (1) UA101982C2 (en)
WO (1) WO2010009842A2 (en)
ZA (1) ZA201101386B (en)

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