CN102083445A - 营养组合物及其使用方法 - Google Patents
营养组合物及其使用方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN102083445A CN102083445A CN2009801263213A CN200980126321A CN102083445A CN 102083445 A CN102083445 A CN 102083445A CN 2009801263213 A CN2009801263213 A CN 2009801263213A CN 200980126321 A CN200980126321 A CN 200980126321A CN 102083445 A CN102083445 A CN 102083445A
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- dextrose
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- aminoacid
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Abstract
本发明提供了用于治疗透析患者营养不良的具有低碳水化合物的透析中肠胃外营养(IDPN)溶液。本发明的IDPN溶液对于治疗患有糖尿病或患有其他与葡萄糖调控相关的病状的患者或者需要严格的液体调控的患者尤为有利。
Description
发明领域
本发明涉及用于接受透析治疗的患者的营养补充组合物和使用该营养补充组合物的方法。该营养补充组合物包含降低含量的碳水化合物和较小体积,以降低患有糖尿病或患有其他与葡萄糖调控相关的病状的患者或者需要严格的液体调控的患者的并发症。
发明背景
重度营养不良仍旧是接受维持性血液透析(MHD)的患者的一个问题。透析患者经常伴有食欲不振和乏力。这种营养不良反映在低血清白蛋白浓度(发病率和死亡率增高的强预测指示)。(Moore和Lindenfield,Support Line 29(5):7-16(2007年10月))。通常使用饮食自由化、口服补充和肠道喂养来治疗患者。当这些方法无效时,可应用透析中肠胃外营养(intradialytic parenteral nutrition,IDPN),以取得更强力的营养充营(nutrition repletion)作用。
在血液透析过程中注入IDPN。IDPN已经被应用了几十年并且已经在患者中产生了体重增加和蛋白质水平提高。(美国公布No.2005/0148647)。典型的IDPN治疗以4-6mg/kg/分钟向需要碳水化合物控制的患者和以6-8mg/kg/分钟向不需要碳水化合物控制的患者递送葡萄糖。必须监测血糖以避免与胰岛素耐受、高血糖和低血糖相关的问题。在一些情况中,胰岛素也通过在IDPN溶液中施用或者更典型的单独皮下施用以调节血糖浓度。IDPN通常含有1.2-1.4g/kg的氨基酸。然而,对于对蛋白质耐受不良的患者可以降低这些量。必须监测血清碳酸氢盐和二氧化碳浓度的监测,以检查由施用氨基酸所引起的酸中毒。根据患者对脂类的耐受,以4mg/kg/分钟-12-12.5g/小时的速度提供在IDPN中的脂类。通常,这些脂类为来自大豆(来自Kabi Vitrum的或者来自Travenol的)或者红花油(来自Abbott的)的纯化植物油的乳剂。(Powers,Contemporary Dialysis and Nephrology:29-31(1990年2月)。
IDPN经常以一升的溶液施用,并且有时如维生素和矿物质的微量营养物在IDPN中或与IDPN一起共同施用。已经证实IDPN可有效降低MHD患者中的发病率和死亡率,导致血清白蛋白和肌酸浓度升高以及体重增加。(Moore和Celano,Nutrition in Clinical Practice,20(2):202-212(2005))。低血糖是另一个在IDPN中施用胰岛素的潜在的危险结果,伴随紧张不安、发汗、强烈饥饿感、颤抖、乏力、心悸和语言障碍的症状。
与IDPN相关的问题包括高血糖、在具有胰岛素耐受或其他与葡萄糖调控相关的问题的患者中的并发症,以及在需要严格的液体调控的患者中的并发症。与IDPN共同施用的葡萄糖浓度在一些患者中可导致高血糖和低血糖。胰岛素的施用有时可以成功地治疗这种高血糖,但是一些患者表现出胰岛素耐受,并且可能对胰岛素治疗不产生应答。(Goldstein和Strom,Journal of Renal Nutrition 1(1):9-22(1991年1月))。高血糖是有效的营养支持的主要障碍,即使不在血液透析范畴内。许多研究报道了高血糖与增高的发病率和死亡率之间的关联。(McCowen和Bistrian,Nutrition in Clinical Practice,19(3):235-244(2004年6月))。此外,在典型的IDPN治疗中的液体量是在进行严格的液体调控的患者中使用的障碍。因此,需要改良的施用于患者的IDPN组合物,其可降低与IDPN施用相关的高血糖以及减少共同施用IDPN和胰岛素的需要。此外,存在对较小体积的IDPN剂型的需要。
发明简述
本发明提供具有低碳水化合物含量和小体积的透析中肠胃外营养(IDPN)溶液。本发明的IDPN溶液可有效地治疗接受透析治疗的患者的营养不良。当向进行维持性血液透析(MHD)的患者施药时,这些溶液还降低施用胰岛素的需要。此外,伴有破坏其葡萄糖耐受和代谢的代谢症状的患者也会从本发明的IDPN溶液中受益。另外,进行严格的液体调控的患者会从本发明的IDPN溶液中获益。本发明IDPN溶液也包括氨基酸以及,可选的,脂类和/或诸如维生素、微量元素和/或矿物质的微量营养物。在一些优选的实施方式中,IDPN溶液为不含脂类的。在另外的优选的实施方式中,本发明的IDPN溶液被包装在容器中以施用于患者,诸如适合于肠胃外施用的袋。在一个实施方式中,每个袋包括用于患者的一个剂量的IDPN。在另一实施方式中,这些剂量补充有诸如胰岛素的药物。这些剂量通常使用单独的施用系统经皮下施用。
发明详述
本发明提供具有低碳水化合物和小体积的透析中肠胃外营养(IDPN)溶液。本发明IDPN溶液允许医务人员在MHD患者接受IDPN时进行降低的碳水化合物调控。此外,本发明IDPN溶液对于治疗具有葡萄糖调控障碍的MHD患者的营养不良尤其有效,包括对胰岛素耐受的、患有I型糖尿病或胰腺炎的患者。而且,本发明IDPN溶液中碳水化合物的降低有利于合成代谢而不是分解代谢,因此可有效地治疗营养不良。在优选的实施方式中,本发明IDPN溶液具有减小的体积,以降低与高注入体积相关的副作用,包括呼吸困难、增高的呼吸频率、鼾音水肿、高血压和焦虑。本发明IDPN溶液尤其适合具有足够热量摄取但没有足够的蛋白质摄取的患者。此外,本发明IDPN溶液可以施用于正常体重或肥胖患者。
优选地,本发明IDPN溶液包含碳水化合物和氨基酸。在本发明IDPN溶液的一些实施方式中,溶液还含有脂类。在本发明IDPN溶液的其他实施方式中,溶液还含有诸如维生素、微量元素和/或矿物质的微量营养物。在本发明IDPN溶液的其他实施方式中,溶液还包含诸如胰岛素的药品。在本发明IDPN溶液的优选的实施方式中,药品与IDPN共同施用,但不是IDPN溶液的一部分。例如,胰岛素可以单独注射经皮下施用。优选地,本发明IDPN溶液含有的碳水化合物为右旋糖(D-葡萄糖)。本发明IDPN溶液含有的氨基酸包括20种标准氨基酸中两种或更多种的组合。优选地,所有20种氨基酸均施用在在本发明的IDPN溶液中。更优选地,使用17种氨基酸。优选地,用于制备本发明IDPN溶液的氨基酸溶液为浓缩溶液并且由于体积小的优点而用于本发明。优选地,浓缩的溶液包含15g/mL的氨基酸。更优选地,浓缩的溶液包含20g/mL的氨基酸。
优选地,本发明IDPN溶液在溶液中含有0.02-0.10g/mL的右旋糖。优选地,本发明IDPN溶液在溶液中含有0.04-0.08g/mL的右旋糖。更优选地,本发明IDPN溶液在溶液中含有0.05-0.07g/mL的右旋糖。更优选地,本发明IDPN溶液在溶液中含有0.055-0.065g/mL的右旋糖。在本发明的IDPN溶液的不同的实施方式中,该溶液在溶液中含有0.02、0.03、0.04、0.05、0.06、0.07、0.08、0.09或0.10g/mL的右旋糖。在本发明IDPN溶液的其他实施方式中,该溶液在溶液中含有0.055、0.056、0.057、0.058、0.059、0.060、0.061、0.062、0.063、0.064或0.065g/mL的右旋糖。
优选地,本发明IDPN溶液包装在用于施用患者的无菌容器中。优选地,无菌容器为用于将IDPN溶液肠胃外施用于患者的袋。优选地,该袋装有100mL的IDPN溶液-2升IDPN溶液。更优选地,该袋装有300mL-1升的IDPN的溶液。更优选地,该袋装有419mL的IDPN溶液-809mL的IDPN溶液。更优选地,该袋装有350mL-635mL的溶液。
优选地,本发明IDPN溶液包装在无菌容器中,从而该无菌容器装有用于施用于患者的一个剂量的IDPN溶液。优选地,IDPN溶液的剂量具有100mL的IDPN溶液-2升的IDPN溶液的体积。更优选地,IDPN溶液的剂量具有350mL-635mL的IDPN溶液的体积。更优选地,IDPN溶液的剂量具有300、342、350、383、400、419、427、450、483、500、540、550、600、613、635、700或809mL的体积。当提到与本发明的IDPN溶液相关的体积时,术语″大约″是指+/-10mL/剂量。
优选地,本发明的IDPN溶液的剂量含有10-50g的右旋糖。更优选地,IDPN溶液的剂量含有20-45g的右旋糖。更优选的,IDPN溶液的剂量含有20、23、26、30、35和41g的右旋糖。当提到与本发明的IDPN溶液相关的右旋糖的量时,术语″大约″是指+/-1g/剂量。
在本发明IDPN溶液的一些实施方式中,IDPN溶液中的右旋糖的量取决于接受IDPN治疗的患者的体重。一般而言,本发明IDPN溶液含有右旋糖的剂量为少于1g/kg患者体重。例如,体重在34和39kg之间的患者可以接受含有20g右旋糖的IDPN溶液,体重在40和44kg之间的患者可以接受含有23g右旋糖的IDPN溶液,体重在45和51kg之间的患者可以接受含有26g右旋糖的IDPN溶液,体重在52和59kg之间的患者可以接受含有30g右旋糖的IDPN溶液,体重在60和69kg之间的患者可以接受含有35g右旋糖的IDPN溶液,而且体重为70kg或更高的患者可以接受含有41g右旋糖的IDPN溶液。
优选地,本发明IDPN溶液在溶液中包含0.10-0.20g/mL的氨基酸。优选地,本发明IDPN溶液在溶液中包含在0.12-0.18g/mL的氨基酸。更优选地,本发明IDPN溶液在溶液中包含0.15-0.17g/mL的氨基酸。在本发明的IDPN溶液的不同的实施方式中,该溶液在溶液中包含0.10、0.11、0.12、0.13、0.14、0.15、0.16、0.17、0.18、0.19或0.20g/mL的右旋糖。在本发明IDPN溶液的其他实施方式中,该溶液在溶液中包含0.150、0.151、0.152、0.153、0.154、0.155、0.156、0.157、0.158、0.159、0.160、0.161、0.162、0.163、0.164、0.165、0.166、0.167、0.168、0.169或0.170g/mL的氨基酸。
优选地,本发明IDPN溶液的剂量包含30-120g的氨基酸。更优选地,本发明IDPN溶液的剂量包含51-110g的氨基酸。更优选地,本发明IDPN溶液的剂量包含50、52、52.5、55、60、65、68、70、75、78、80、85、90、95、100、105和110g的氨基酸。当提到与本发明的IDPN溶液相关的氨基酸含量时,术语″大约″是指+/-3g/剂量。
在本发明IDPN溶液的一些实施方式中,IDPN溶液的剂量中的氨基酸的量取决于接受IDPN治疗的患者的体重。例如,体重在34和39kg之间的患者可以接受含有51g氨基酸的IDPN溶液,体重在40和44kg之间的患者可以接受含有60g氨基酸的IDPN溶液,体重在45和51kg之间的患者可以接受含有68g氨基酸的IDPN溶液,体重在52和59kg之间的患者可以接受含有78g氨基酸的IDPN溶液,体重在60和69kg之间的患者可以接受含有90g氨基酸的IDPN溶液,而且体重为70kg或更高的患者可以接受含有105g氨基酸的IDPN溶液。
在本发明IDPN溶液的一些实施方式中,溶液还含有脂类。优选地,脂类为来自大豆(来自Kabi Vitrum的或者来自Travenol的)或者红花油(来自Abbott的)的纯化的植物油的乳剂。含有脂类的本发明的IDPN溶液含有5-30体积%的脂类。优选地,含有脂类的本发明的IDPN溶液含有10-20体积%的脂类。脂类不应该加入施用于患有高血脂、急性胰腺炎、脂类肾变病或对鸡蛋有过敏反应的患者的IDPN溶液中。
在本发明的IDPN溶液的优选的实施方式中,该溶液不含脂类。
在本发明IDPN溶液的一些实施方式中,溶液还含有诸如维生素、微量元素和/或矿物质的微量营养物。被任选加入本发明的IDPN溶液中的维生素和矿物质包括诸如维生素C、叶酸、维生素B1和维生素B6的水溶性维生素,以及缺少维生素K的多种维生素,和诸如锌、硒、铜、铬和锰的微量元素。矿物质还包括诸如磷酸钠和硫酸镁的矿物盐。
在本发明IDPN溶液的一些实施方式中,该溶液还包含药物组分。适合于包含在本发明的IDPN溶液中的药物组分的一个例子为胰岛素。在一些实施方式中,胰岛素在临向患者施用前加入至IDPN溶液中,这是因为许多溶液容器材料会吸收胰岛素。优选地,胰岛素的共同施用不依赖IDPN溶液。例如,胰岛素可在使用IDPN治疗的过程中经皮下注射。优选地,一个剂量的IDPN加入5-20个单位的胰岛素。
优选地,本发明的IDPN溶液可施用于患有营养不良的透析患者。患有营养不良的透析患者可通过检测蛋白质或能量营养不良和日常蛋白质摄入不足的证据、无法施用或耐受足够的包括补充和管饲的口服营养的证据,以及当与IDPN组合时组合或口服和/或肠内摄入可以满足患者的营养需求的证据来证实。
本发明的IDPN溶液的施用通常与患者的血液透析的开始相一致。在IDPN溶液施用中,应该监测患者的葡萄糖耐受、蛋白质水平和/或脂肪水平。葡萄糖监测包括监测IDPN施用之前,之中和之后的血糖水平和监测患者的高或低血糖症状。高血糖的症状包括恶心、口渴、头痛、呕吐和乏力。低血糖的症状包括头痛、头晕、震颤,冷汗、混乱和虚弱。然后,高或低血糖的存在可以通过诸如通过手指针刺或动脉葡萄糖水平的血糖分析确定。为治疗高血糖,施用胰岛素。为治疗低血糖,患者应该口服接受20-30g简单的碳水化合物。蛋白质监测包括监测透析前的血液尿素氮(BUN)和测量透析充分性的Kt/V。
脂肪监测包括在脂类注入前的透析前甘油三酯测试,以及而后在第一次脂类注入后的另一次(甘油三酯测试),以确保从患者血流中清除脂类。而且,应该对钠、钾、磷和镁的浓度进行监测而判断再进食综合症的出现。
一般而言,本发明的IDPN溶液通过用于对患者进行血液透析的透析仪器的端口后透析器而施用。在一个优选的实施方式中,通过透析仪器的静脉滴室进行IDPN注入。肠胃外施用途径的例子包括静脉、皮内、皮下和腹膜内施用。任何药物学上可接受的载体可与本发明IDPN溶液共同使用。本发明IDPN溶液可以与现有技术中施用IDPN溶液同样的方式施用。
实施例
蛋白质充营配方
开发了以下IDPN配方。这些配方施用于需要3.25小时或更长的透析治疗时间的MHD患者。该配方不含脂肪且不含微量营养物,但是这些组分可易于加入。
表1
对于各个体重等级的受试者的注入速率安排显示于以下表2中。
表2
体重等级 | 第1周注入速率 | 第2周注入速率 |
34-39kg | 50mL/小时 | 105mL/小时 |
40-44kg | 60mL/小时 | 120mL/小时 |
45-51kg | 65mL/小时 | 135mL/小时 |
52-59kg | 75mL/小时 | 150mL/小时 |
60-69kg | 85mL/小时 | 170mL/小时 |
70+kg | 100mL/小时 | 195mL/小时 |
以下配方用更稀释的市售来源的氨基酸制备。
表3
Claims (24)
1.一种组合物,包含:
a)0.02至0.10g/ml的右旋糖;和
b)0.10至0.20g/ml的氨基酸;
其中所述右旋糖和氨基酸均溶解于水溶液中。
2.根据权利要求1所述的组合物,其中所述氨基酸包括17种氨基酸。
3.根据权利要求1所述的组合物,进一步包含脂肪酸。
4.根据权利要求3所述的组合物,其中所述脂肪酸占水溶液体积的5至30%。
5.根据权利要求1所述的组合物,进一步包含微量营养物。
6.一种剂型,包含
a)20至41g的右旋糖;和
b)51至105g的氨基酸;
其中所述右旋糖和氨基酸溶解于300至650mL的水溶液中,并且其中所述溶液包装在无菌容器中,其中所述无菌容器适用于溶解在该水溶液中的右旋糖和氨基酸的肠胃外施用。
7.根据权利要求6所述的剂型,其中所述氨基酸包含17种氨基酸。
8.根据权利要求6所述的剂型,进一步包含脂肪酸。
9.根据权利要求8所述的剂型,其中所述脂肪酸占水溶液体积的5至30%。
10.根据权利要求6所述的剂型,进一步包含微量营养物。
11.一种治疗需要其的血液透析患者中营养不良的方法,包括确定患者的体重,其中如果所述患者体重在34和39kg之间,向患者肠胃外施用含约20g右旋糖和约51g氨基酸的约334mL溶液;其中如果所述患者体重在40和44kg之间,向患者肠胃外施用含有约23g右旋糖和约60g氨基酸的约383mL溶液;其中如果所述患者体重在45和51kg之间,向患者肠胃外施用含有约26g右旋糖和约68g氨基酸的约427mL溶液;其中如果所述患者体重在52和59kg之间,向患者肠胃外施用含有约30g右旋糖和约78g氨基酸的约483mL溶液;其中如果所述患者体重在60和69kg之间,向患者肠胃外施用含有约35g右旋糖和约90g氨基酸的约550mL溶液;而且如果其中所述患者体重为70kg以上,向患者肠胃外施用含有约41g右旋糖和约105g氨基酸的约635mL溶液;从而治疗需要其的血液透析患者中的营养不良。
12.根据权利要求11所述的方法,其中所述氨基酸包含17种氨基酸。
13.一种剂型,包含
a)约20g的右旋糖;和
b)约51g的氨基酸;
其中所述右旋糖和氨基酸溶解于体积为约334mL的水溶液中,并且其中所述剂型包装在适合于向人类患者肠胃外施用在水溶液中的右旋糖和氨基酸的无菌容器中。
14.根据权利要求13所述的剂型,其中所述无菌容器被标记以表明所述剂型适于施用给人类患者体重在34和39kg之间的人类患者。
15.一种剂型,包含:
a)约23g的右旋糖;和
b)约60g的氨基酸;
其中所述右旋糖和氨基酸溶解于体积为约383mL的水溶液中,并且其中所述剂型包装在适合于向人类患者肠胃外施用在水溶液中的右旋糖和氨基酸的无菌容器中。
16.根据权利要求15所述的剂型,其中所述无菌容器被标记以表明所述剂型适于施用给人类患者体重在40和44kg之间的人类患者。
17.一种剂型:包含:
a)约26g的右旋糖;和
b)约68g的氨基酸;
其中所述右旋糖和氨基酸溶解于体积为约427mL的水溶液中,并且其中所述剂型包装在适合于向人类患者肠胃外施用在水溶液中的右旋糖和氨基酸的无菌容器中。
18.根据权利要求17所述的剂型,其中所述无菌容器被标记以表明所述剂型适于施用给人类患者体重在45和51kg之间的人类患者。
19.一种剂型,包含:
a)约30g的右旋糖;和
b)约78g的氨基酸;
其中所述右旋糖和氨基酸溶解于体积为约483mL的水溶液中,并且其中所述剂型包装在适合于向人类患者肠胃外施用在水溶液中的右旋糖和氨基酸的无菌容器中。
20.根据权利要求19所述的剂型,其中所述无菌容器被标记以表明所述剂型适于施用给人类患者体重在52和59kg之间的人类患者。
21.一种剂型,包含:
a)约35g的右旋糖;和
b)约90g的氨基酸;
其中所述右旋糖和氨基酸溶解于体积为约550mL的水溶液中,并且其中所述剂型包装在适合于向人类患者肠胃外施用在水溶液中的右旋糖和氨基酸的无菌容器中。
22.根据权利要求21所述的剂型,其中所述无菌容器被标记以表明所述剂型适于施用给人类患者体重在60和69kg之间的人类患者。
23.一种剂型,包含:
a)约41g的右旋糖;和
b)约105g的氨基酸;
其中所述右旋糖和氨基酸溶解于体积为约635mL的水溶液中,并且其中所述剂型包装在适合于向人类患者肠胃外施用在水溶液中的右旋糖和氨基酸的无菌容器中。
24.根据权利要求23所述的剂型,其中所述无菌容器被标记以表明所述剂型适于施用给人类患者体重在70kg以上的人类患者。
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US61/080,567 | 2008-07-14 | ||
PCT/US2009/049800 WO2010005961A2 (en) | 2008-07-07 | 2009-07-07 | Nutritive compositions and methods of using same |
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EP (1) | EP2300020B1 (zh) |
JP (1) | JP5498491B2 (zh) |
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CA (2) | CA2729619C (zh) |
GB (2) | GB2473390B (zh) |
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AU2009268742C1 (en) * | 2008-07-07 | 2013-11-28 | Pentec Health, Inc. | Nutritive compositions and methods of using same |
CN102257060A (zh) * | 2008-12-19 | 2011-11-23 | 巴塞尔聚烯烃意大利有限责任公司 | 聚烯烃纤维 |
CN102883729A (zh) * | 2010-01-04 | 2013-01-16 | 潘泰克健康公司 | 营养组合物及其使用方法 |
TW201333870A (zh) * | 2011-12-21 | 2013-08-16 | 艾登工具股份有限公司 | 決定病人胰島素療法的系統及方法 |
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US20100136133A1 (en) | 2010-06-03 |
KR20110038051A (ko) | 2011-04-13 |
AU2009268742B2 (en) | 2013-08-22 |
EP2300020A4 (en) | 2011-12-14 |
ZA201100114B (en) | 2013-06-26 |
CA2729619A1 (en) | 2010-01-14 |
BRPI0915744A2 (pt) | 2020-08-04 |
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US9937125B2 (en) | 2018-04-10 |
CA2729619F (en) | 2010-01-14 |
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US9326963B2 (en) | 2016-05-03 |
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GB2473390B (en) | 2012-09-26 |
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