CN102064918B - 多输入多输出正交频分多路复用系统品质控制方法及装置 - Google Patents
多输入多输出正交频分多路复用系统品质控制方法及装置 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
一种使配合多输入多输出(MIMO)天线使用的正交频分多路复用(OFDM)系统的容量最佳化的方法及装置。在接收器中,可设定目标服务品质(QoS)度量及参考数据率。目标服务品质(QoS)度量可以设定为预定数值及/或可以基于封包错误率(PER)由慢速外部回路控制处理器动态调整。接收信号的服务品质(QoS)可以被测量并与目标服务品质(QoS)比较。基于比较结果,接收器可产生信道品质指标(CQI),借以传回至传送的传输器。信道品质指标(CQI)是单位或二位指标,其指示传输器失能、调整、或维持特定次载波、各传输天线的次载波群组、或全体传输天线的次载波群组的数据率。在传输器处,传输数据率可以关闭、增加、减少或维持。在接收器处,目标服务品质(QoS)度量及参考数据率便可以据此调整。针对各次载波群组的各数据帧,这种程序可以反复实施。
Description
本发明专利申请是国际申请号为PCT/US2005/025926,国际申请日为2005年7月21日,进入中国国家阶段的申请号为200580023710.5,发明名称为“多输入输出正交频分多路复用系统品质控制方法及装置”的发明专利申请的分案申请。
技术领域
本发明有关无线通讯。特别是,本发明有关一种方法及装置,借以使配合多输入多输出(MIMO)天线使用的正交频分多路复用(OFDM)系统得以将其系统容量最佳化。
背景技术
正交频分多路复用(OFDM)是一种有效的数据传输手段,其中,数据可以分割为较短串流,且,各个串流可以利用次载波进行传输,其中,次载波的频宽是小于可供利用的全体传输频宽。正交频分多路复用(OFDM)的效率是源自于选择彼此数学上正交的次载波。次载波的正交性可以防止邻近次载波免于彼此干扰,同时,各个次载波也可以各自承载全体用户数据的一部分。
基于实务考量,正交频分多路复用(OFDM)可能会优于其它传输手段,举例来说:码分多址(CDMA)。当用户数据分割为利用不同次载波承载的较短串流时,举例来说,各个次载波的有效数据率可以小于全体传输数据率。有鉴于此,利用正交频分多路复用(OFDM)手段进行传输的数据符号期间便可以远大于利用其它手段进行传输的数据符号期间。由于较大数据符号期间得以容忍较大延迟扩散(delay spread),较大数据符号期间也显得更为有利。举例来说,利用较长数据符号期间进行传输的数据,相较于利用较短数据符号期间进行传输的数据,可以较不受多重路径影响。有鉴于此,正交频分多路复用(OFDM)数据符号便可以免除典型无线通讯中常见的延迟扩散,而不需要加入额外复杂接收器以自这类多重路径延迟回复。
多输入多输出(MIMO)有关一种无线传输及接收手段,其中,传输器及接收器均利用不止一组天线。多输入多输出(MIMO)系统具有各种优点, 诸如:基于多个天线存在而衍生的空间多样性及空间多路复用选项。另外,多输入多输出(MIMO)系统还可以改善信号品质,诸如:举例来说,信噪比(SNR)、并增加数据处理能力。
除此以外,一度视为无线通讯相当负担的多重路径,其实际上还可以用来改善无线通讯系统的整体表现。各个多重路径组件均承载传输信号的相关信息,因此,只要能够适度解析及收集,这些多重路径组件应可以透露传输信号的更多信息,进而改善整体通讯品质。
配合多输入多输出(MIMO)天线使用的正交频分多路复用(OFDM)系统可以用来适度处理多重路径,借以改善无线通讯系统的整体表现。事实上,配合多输入多输出(MIMO)天线使用的正交频分多路复用(OFDM)系统可以视为IEEE 802.11N标准的技术解决方案。图1是表示配合多输入多输出(MIMO)天线使用的正交频分多路复用(OFDM)系统100的示意图。传输器102可以利用正交频分多路复用(OFDM)传输器处理单元102a处理数据串流Tx。正交频分多路复用(OFDM)处理可以包括:次载波设置及各个次载波的正交频分多路复用(OFDM)调变。随后,根据多输入多输出(MIMO)算法,调变后的次载波便可以利用多输入多输出(MIMO)传输处理单元102b映像至多个天线1031、…、103m。当映像完成后,次载波便可以经由多个天线1031、…、103m同时传输至接收器104。
在接收器104处,调变后的次载波可以利用多个天线1051、…、105n接收。多输入多输出(MIMO)处理单元104a可以准备次载波以进行解调变。随后,次载波便可以利用正交频分多路复用(OFDM)接收器处理单元104b进行解调变,进而产生接收器数据。
然而,在配合多输入多输出(MIMO)天线使用的正交频分多路复用(OFDM)系统的IEEE 802.11N标准设计中,一项主要挑战即是系统容量。目前,使配合多输入多输出(MIMO)天线使用的正交频分多路复用(OFDM)系统得以获致最佳化系统容量的有效方法并不存在,特别是在配合多输入多输出(MIMO)天线使用的正交频分多路复用(OFDM)系统利用大量次载波的情况下。举例来说,”倒水”解决方案即是选择性实施各个次载波的功率或位设置,借以增加系统容量的一种技术。然而,在这种技术中,传输器却需要事先知道信道状态信息。举例来说,传输器可以利用配合多输入多输出(MIMO)天线使用的正交频分多路复用(OFDM)系统的接收器回馈,借以预测信道状态信息。然而,接收器回馈的信号发送负担(signalingoverhead)却相当显着,且因此,系统效能的增加可能会受限,特别是在传输大量数据及/或利用大量次载波的情况下。
有鉴于此,本发明的主要目的是提供其它替代手段,借以使配合多输 入多输出(MIMO)天线使用的正交频分多路复用(OFDM)系统得以将其系统容量最佳化。
发明内容
本发明有关一种方法及装置,借以使配合多输入多输出(MIMO)天线使用的正交频分多路复用(OFDM)系统得以将其系统容量最佳化。在接收器处,目标服务品质(QoS)度量及参考数据率可以被设定。目标服务品质(QoS)度量可以被设定为预定数值及/或可以基于封包错误率(PER)而利用慢速外部回路控制处理器动态调整。接收信号的服务品质(QoS)可以被测量并与目标服务品质(QoS)比较。基于比较结果,接收器便可以产生信道品质指标(CQI),借以回传至传输器处。信道品质指标(CQI)可以是单位或二位指标,借以指示传输器失能、调整、或维持特定次载波、各个传输天线的次载波群组、或全体传输天线的次载波群组的传输数据率。在传输器处,数据率可以关闭、增加、减少、或维持。在接收器处,目标服务品质(QoS)度量及参考数据率便可以据此调整。针对各个次载波群组的数据帧,这种程序可以反复实施。
附图说明
本发明可以参考详细说明(其是举实例说明以便于理解)、并配合附图进一步解释如下,其中:
图1是表示配合多输入多输出(MIMO)天线使用的正交频分多路复用(OFDM)系统的电路示意图;
图2是表示使配合多输入多输出(MIMO)天线使用的正交频分多路复用(OFDM)系统得以将其系统容量最佳化的方法流程图;
图3A、3B、及3C是表示各种次载波群组的示意图;以及
图4是表示配合多输入多输出(MIMO)天线使用的正交频分多路复用(OFDM)系统,其具有装置以将其系统容量最佳化。
具体实施方式
本发明可以实施于无线传输/接收单元(WTRU)或基地台(BS)中。 术语”无线传输/接收单元(WTRU)”包括、但不限于用户设备(UE)、移动站台、固定或移动用户单元、传呼器、或能够操作于无线环境的任何其它类型装置。除此以外,术语”基地台(BS)”包括、但不限于B节点、位置控制器、无线网络基地台(AP)、或无线环境的任何其它类型接口装置。
除此以外,本发明较佳实施例的组件可以整合于单一集成电路(IC)、多个集成电路(IC)、多个互连组件、或互连组件及集成电路(IC)的任意组合。
在本发明较佳实施例中,配合多输入多输出(MIMO)天线使用的正交频分多路复用(OFDM)系统可以利用品质测量将其系统容量最佳化。在品质测量观察的移动视窗范围内,这些品质测量可以连续检测、周期或定期检测。在配合多输入多输出(MIMO)天线使用的正交频分多路复用(OFDM)系统的接收器中,启始或目标服务品质(QoS)度量及对应启始参考数据率可以被设定。接收信号的服务品质(QoS)可以被测量并与目标服务品质(QoS)比较。基于比较结果,接收器便可以产生某种信道品质指标(CQI),借以回传至接收信号的原始传输器。信道品质指标(CQI)可以是单位或二位指标,借以告知传输器失能、调整、或维持特定次载波、或各个传输天线的次载波群组的数据率(也就是说,四分调幅(QAM)的调制阶数及信道编码率)。在传输器处,数据率可以关闭、增加、减少、或维持。在接收器处,目标服务品质(QoS)度量及参考数据率便可以据此调整。针对各个次载波群组的数据帧,这种程序可以反复实施。当信道品质指标(CQI)回传至原始传输器以后,传输数据率便可以基于信道品质指标(CQI)而进行失能、调整、或维持,并且,在接收器处,目标服务品质(QoS)度量及参考数据率也可以据此调整。随后,针对各个次载波群组的各个接收信号,这种程序可以反复实施。在图2中,以上观念可以进一步予以说明。
图2是表示本发明系统最佳化算法的流程图200。为方便说明起见,信号干扰比(SIR)是表示配合多输入多输出(MIMO)天线使用的正交频分多路复用(OFDM)系统范例的服务品质(QoS)度量。应该注意的是,然而,应该注意的是,位错误率(BER)或诸如此类的服务品质(QoS)度量也可以应用于本发明较佳实施例中,借以适应特定用户的需求。
在接收器201内部,启始目标信号干扰比(SIRt)可以被设定(步骤202)。较佳者,目标信号干扰比(SIRt)可以经由接收器201内部的预定储存装置取得,诸如:举例来说,对照表。或者,目标信号干扰比(SIRt)也可以基于封包错误率(PER)而利用慢速外部回路控制处理器动态调整。
配合目标信号干扰比(SIRt)的设定(步骤202),启始参考数据率 (qr)可以设定为预定数值(步骤204)。虽然本发明较佳实施例可以用来使配合多输入多输出(MIMO)天线使用的正交频分多路复用(OFDM)系统得以将其数据率最佳化,然而,熟悉此项技术者也应该了解:本发明较佳实施例也可以用来使配合多输入多输出(MIMO)天线使用的正交频分多路复用(OFDM)系统得以将其传输功率最佳化。
在目标信号干扰比(SIRt)及启始参考数据率(qr)设定以后(分别为步骤202及步骤204),接收器201便可以测量接收第i次载波群组(SIRm)的第j数据帧的信号干扰比(SIR)(步骤206)。次载波群组是预定为单一次载波、给定传输天线的次载波群组、或多个传输天线的次载波群组。图3A至3C表示各种次载波群组。举例来说,传输天线302及304可以分别利用八个次载波3021、3022、…、3028及3041、3042、…、3048各自传输数据。在图3A中,各个次载波3021、3022、…、3028及3041、3042、…、3048可以预定为具有单一次载波306a至306p的次载波群组。在图3B中,天线302的次载波3021、3022、…、3028可以群组为两个次载波群组308a及308b。同样地,天线304的次载波3041、3042、…、3048可以群组为两个次载波群组308c至308d。图3C表示次载波群组310a至310c,其可以同时包括天线302及304的次载波。
随后,第i次载波群组的测量信号干扰比(SIR)(SIRm)(步骤206)可以与目标信号干扰比(SIRt)比较,借以基于下列方程式(1)计算其间差异:
ΔSIRmt(i,j)=SIRm(i,j)-SIRt(i,j) 方程式(1)
其中,i表示个别次载波群组的号码,且,j表示个别数据帧的号码(步骤208)。随后,测量信号干扰比(SIRm)及目标信号干扰比(SIRt)间的计算差异ΔSIRmt(i,j)可以与临界数值比较(步骤210)。临界数值可以是接收器201储存的预定数值,借以表示目标信号干扰比(SIRt)的可接受负数变异。若计算差异ΔSIRmt(i,j)的负数变异大于临界数值所容许,也即:计算差异ΔSIRmt(i,j)小于负临界数值,则二位信道品质指标(CQI),诸如:举例来说,”00”,便可以产生、并传送至传输器(图中未示)(步骤210a)。”00”信道品质指标(CQI)可以被通知传输器(图中未示),借以中断目前第i次载波群组的传输。
否则,若计算差异ΔSIRmt(i,j)未超过预定临界位准,则计算差异ΔSIRmt(i,j)可以与传输数据率(q)关连信号干扰比(SIR)数值及次一最高数据率(q+1)(ΔSIRq(1,q))关连信号干扰比(SIR)数值间的差异比较(步骤212),借以决定计算差异ΔSIRmt(i,j)是否足够大以增加目前数据率。 为形成上述决定,接收器201可以利用对照表以表示传输数据率(DATARATE)(q)与其关连信号干扰比差异(ΔSIRq)的关系。上述对照表可以经由一系列测量或经由模拟产生,且,上述对照表可以储存于接收器201内部。在上述对照表中,关连信号干扰比差异(ΔSIRq)是表示数据率(q)及对照表中次一最高数据率(q+1)间的信号干扰比(SIR)差异。因此,若计算差异ΔSIRmt(i,j)大于给定次载波群组(i)的给定数据帧(j)的关连信号干扰比差异(ΔSIRq)半数,(也即:ΔSIRmt(i,j)>ΔSIRq(i,q)/2),则计算差异ΔSIRmt(i,j)是足够大以增加数据率(q)至数据率(DATA RATE)对照表的次一最高数据率(q+1)。
有鉴于此,二位信道品质指标(CQI),诸如:举例来说,”10”,可以被产生、并传送至传输器(图中未示)(步骤212a)。”10”信道品质指标(CQI)可以被通知传输器(图中未示),借以增加目前数据率(q)至数据率(DATA RATE)对应关连信号干扰比差异(ΔSIRq)的对照表中次一最高数据率(q+1)(步骤212b),及,借以基于下列方程式(2)调整目标信号干扰比SIR(i,j)(步骤212c):
SIRt(i,j)=SIRt(i,j-1)+ΔSIRq(i,q)/2 方程式(2)
其中,SIRt(i,j-1)系表示前一数据帧的目标信号干扰比(SIR)。或者,SIRt(i,j-1)系可以基于下列方程式(3)进行调整(步骤212c):
SIRt(i,j)=SIRt(i,j-1)+[ΔSIRmt(i,j)-ΔSIRmt(i,j-1)] 方程式(3)
然而,若决定计算差异ΔSIRmt(i,j)不大于关连信号干扰比差异(ΔSIRq (i,j))半数(步骤212),则计算差异ΔSIRmt(i,j)可以与关连信号干扰比差异(ΔSIRq(i,q))比较(步骤214),借以决定计算差异ΔSIRmt(i,j)是否足够小以降低数据率(q)至对照表中次一最低数据率(q-1)。为形成上述决定,接收器201可以同样利用与步骤212所述的数据率(DATARATE)对应关连信号干扰比差异(ΔSIRq)对照表。然而,在上述比较中,若计算差异ΔSIRmt(i,j)小于负关连信号干扰比差异(ΔSIRq(i,q))半数,也即:ΔSIRmt(i,j)<-((ΔSIRq(i,q))/2),则二位信道品质指标(CQI),诸如:举例来说,”01”,可以被产生、并传送至传输器(图中未示)(步骤214)。”01”信道品质指标(CQI)可以被通知传输器(图中未示),借以降低数据率(q)至数据率(DATA RATE)对应关连信号干扰比差异(ΔSIRq)对照表中次一最低数据率(q-1)(步骤214b),及,借以基于下列方程式(4)调整目标信号干扰比SIRt(i,j)(步骤214c):
SIRt(i,j)=SIRt(i,j-1)-ΔSIRq/2 方程式(4)
其中,SIRt(i,j-1)表示前一数据帧的目标信号干扰比(SIR)。或者,SIRt(i,j)可以基于下列方程式(5)进行调整(步骤214c):
SIRt(i,j)=SIRt(i,j-1)-[ΔSIRmt(i,j)-ΔSIRmt(i,j-1)] 方程式(5)
应该了解的是,步骤212及步骤214的数据率(DATA RATE)对应关连信号干扰比差异(ΔSIRq)对照表中连续数据率(也即:步阶大小)的差异并不见得是完全相同的。事实上,上述差异可以根据用户需求而有所改变。举例来说,针对前X个数据帧(瞬变状态),数据率(DATA RATE)对应关连信号干扰比差异(ΔSIRq)对照表中连续数据率(也即:步阶大小)的差异可以是四(4)。另外,针对前X个数据帧后的所有数据帧(稳定状态),数据率(DATARATE)对应关连信号干扰比差异(ΔSIRq)对照表中连续数据率(也即:步阶大小)的差异可以是一(1)。
在比较给定次载波群组(i)(ΔSIRmt(i,j))的给定数据帧(j)的测量信号干扰比(SIRm)及目标信号干扰比(SIRt)与步骤210的临界数值及步骤212至步骤214的关连信号干扰比差异(ΔSIRq(i,j))以后,我们便可以决定计算差异ΔSIRmt(i,j)是否位于临界数值内部(步骤210),及,是否既不足够大以增加目前数据率(步骤212)且也不足够小以降低目前数据率(步骤214)。若计算差异ΔSIRmt(i,j)符合上述条件,则二位信道品质指标(CQI),诸如:举例来说,”11”,便可以产生、并传送至传输器(图中未示)(步骤216)。”11”信道品质指标(CQI)可以被告知传输器(图中未示),借以利用目前数据率继续进行传输。
应该注意的是,这种程序的步骤206至步骤216包括循环算法,借以针对所有次载波群组(i)及所有数据帧(j)重复实施。另外,给定次载波群组(i)及数据帧(j)的目标信号干扰比(SIRt(i,j))及参考数据率q(i,j)是可以各自作为第i次载波群组的次一数据帧(j+1)的参考信号干扰比(SIRt)及参考数据率qr。经由连续更新传输数据率,配合多输入多输出(MIMO)使用的正交频分多路复用(OFDM)系统便得以逐渐达到其最佳系统效能位准。
图4表示配合多输入多输出(MIMO)天线使用的正交频分多路复用(OFDM)系统400,其具有装置以利用本发明较佳实施例的品质测量位将其系统容量最佳化。传输器402可以利用正交频分多路复用(OFDM)处理单元402a处理数据串流Tx。这种正交频分多路复用(OFDM)处理包括: 次载波设置及各个次载波的正交频分多路复用(OFDM)调变。随后,调变的次载波便可以利用多输入多输出(MIMO)传输器处理单元402b的多输入多输出(MIMO)算法,借以映像至多个天线4031、4032、…、403m。当映像完成以后,次载波便可以经由多个天线4031、4032、…、403m同时传输至接收器404。
在接收器404处,调变的次载波可以利用多个天线4051、4052、…、405n接收。接收的次载波可以被传送至多输入多输出(MIMO)接收器处理单元404a,借以利用反向多输入多输出(MIMO)算法准备次载波的解调变。随后,多输入多输出(MIMO)解码次载波可以被传送至正交频分多路复用(OFDM)接收器单元404b以进行其解调变。接着,解调变数据可以被传送至信道品质测量单元404c,一个数据帧接着一个数据帧,其中,各个数据帧均可以获得一个品质测量。随后,各个品质测量便可以依序与信道品质比较单元404d的目标品质度量比较。基于比较结果,信道品质指标(CQI)信号发送单元404e便可以产生各个测量数据帧的单位或二位信道品质指标(CQI)、并将信道品质指标(CQI)传送至多路复用单元404f以进行后续处理。随后,上述信道品质指标(CQI)可以利用正交频分多路复用(OFDM)传输器单元404g调变、并经由多输入多输出(MIMO)传输器单元404h映像至多个天线4051、4052、…、405n以传送至传输器402。
在传输器402处,编码的信道品质指标(CQI)可以利用多个天线4031、4032、…、403m接收,借以准备利用多输入多输出(MIMO)接收器单元402c解调变,及,借以利用正交频分多路复用(OFDM)接收器单元402d解调变。当解调变完成以后,撷取数据便可以传送至信道品质指标(CQI)回复单元402e,借以撷取及处理单位或二位信道品质指标(CQI)。随后,正交频分多路复用(OFDM)处理单元402e便可以根据处理的信道品质指标(CQI)信息,利用次一传输器数据串流设置及调变次载波。随后,这种程序可以反复实施,借以交替增加(或减少)给定次载波的数据率,进而使其系统容量最佳化。
在本发明另一较佳实施例中,信道品质指标(CQI)也可以传送为一位指标,其中,二进位位的某一种状态可以通知传输器以增加数据率至较高位准,且,二进位位的另一种状态则可以通知传输器以减少传输数据率至较低位准。
虽然本发明的特征及组件已利用各个较佳实施例的特定组合详细说明如上,然而,本发明较佳实施例的各种特征及组件也可以单独使用,而不需要本发明较佳实施例的其它特征及组件,或者,本发明较佳实施例的各种特征及组件也可以具有各种组合,而不需要包含或排除本发明较佳实 施例的其它特征及组件。进一步而言,本发明较佳实施例的特征及组件也可以实施于单一集成电路(IC),诸如:特殊应用集成电路(ASIC)、分离组件、或分离组件及集成电路(IC)的组合。另外,本发明也可以实施于任何类型的无线通讯系统。在部分部署中,集成电路(IC)/分离组件也可以具有部分特征及组件,其可能部分或全部失能或撤销。
虽然本发明已利用较佳实施例详细说明如上,然而,熟悉此项技术人士,在不违背本发明保护范围的前提下,还可以进行各种调整及变动。有鉴于此,本发明保护范围应当以下列本申请权利要求范围为准。
Claims (12)
1.一种用于在正交频分多路复用OFDM系统中调整信道品质的无线发射/接收单元WTRU,包括:
被配置为接收OFDM信号的电路;
进一步被配置为对所接收的信号的品质执行测量以基于所述所接收的信号的品质的测量,决定针对多个次载波群组中的每个群组的二-比特信道品质指标CQI的电路;其中每二-比特CQI指示是否对特定次载波群组的数据传输率进行维持、调整或失能;以及
进一步被配置为传送所述二-比特CQI的电路。
2.如权利要求1所述的WTRU,其特征在于,每二-比特CQI与所有传输天线有关。
3.如权利要求1所述的WTRU,其特征在于,次载波群组与单个传输天线有关。
4.如权利要求1所述的WTRU,其特征在于,所述测量是信号干扰比。
5.一种用于在正交频分多路复用OFDM系统中调整信道品质的方法,包括:
无线传输接收单元WTRU接收OFDM信号;
所述WTRU对所接收的信号执行品质测量;
所述WTRU基于所述品质测量,决定针对多个次载波群组中的每个群组的二-比特信道品质指标CQI;其中每个二-比特CQI指示是否对特定次载波群组的数据传输率进行维持、调整或失能;
所述WTRU传送所述二-比特CQI。
6.如权利要求5所述的方法,其特征在于,每二-比特CQI与所有传输天线有关。
7.如权利要求5所述的方法,其特征在于,每个次载波群组与单个天线有关。
8.如权利要求5所述的方法,其特征在于,所述品质测量是信号干扰比。
9.一种用于在正交频分多路复用OFDM系统中调整信道品质的无线通信设备,包括:
被配置为传送OFDM信号的电路;
进一步被配置为接收多个二-比特信道品质指标CQI的电路,其中基于所测量的信号的品质,每个二-比特CQI指示是否对特定次载波群组的传输数据率进行维持、调整或失能;
进一步被配置为基于所接收的二-比特CQI,以一传输数据率产生和传送后续的OFDM信号的电路。
10.如权利要求9所述的无线通信设备,其特征在于,所述二-比特CQI中的每一个CQI与所有传输天线有关。
11.如权利要求9所述的无线通信设备,其特征在于,每个二-比特CQI与单个传输天线有关。
12.如权利要求9所述的无线通信设备,其特征在于,所述无线通信设备为基站、节点B或接入点(AP)。
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