CN102015250A - 聚(羟基链烷酸)和热成形制品 - Google Patents
聚(羟基链烷酸)和热成形制品 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN102015250A CN102015250A CN2009801164542A CN200980116454A CN102015250A CN 102015250 A CN102015250 A CN 102015250A CN 2009801164542 A CN2009801164542 A CN 2009801164542A CN 200980116454 A CN200980116454 A CN 200980116454A CN 102015250 A CN102015250 A CN 102015250A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- acid
- article
- composition
- nucleating agent
- poly
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 55
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 43
- 239000002667 nucleating agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 238000003856 thermoforming Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 229920000747 poly(lactic acid) Polymers 0.000 claims description 47
- 239000004626 polylactic acid Substances 0.000 claims description 46
- JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N lactic acid Chemical compound CC(O)C(O)=O JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 24
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 21
- -1 alkyl amide Chemical class 0.000 claims description 18
- ORAWFNKFUWGRJG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Docosanamide Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(N)=O ORAWFNKFUWGRJG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 15
- AEMRFAOFKBGASW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycolic acid Chemical compound OCC(O)=O AEMRFAOFKBGASW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- 229920001038 ethylene copolymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 13
- 150000001732 carboxylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000004310 lactic acid Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 235000014655 lactic acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 12
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 10
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims description 10
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000005977 Ethylene Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 235000021355 Stearic acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 8
- UKMSUNONTOPOIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N docosanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O UKMSUNONTOPOIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- OQCDKBAXFALNLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCC(C)CCCCCCCCC(O)=O OQCDKBAXFALNLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000008117 stearic acid Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- WHBMMWSBFZVSSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-hydroxybutyric acid Chemical compound CC(O)CC(O)=O WHBMMWSBFZVSSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000004594 Masterbatch (MB) Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920000954 Polyglycolide Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- CQEYYJKEWSMYFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N butyl acrylate Chemical compound CCCCOC(=O)C=C CQEYYJKEWSMYFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- VOZRXNHHFUQHIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N glycidyl methacrylate Chemical compound CC(=C)C(=O)OCC1CO1 VOZRXNHHFUQHIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000004609 Impact Modifier Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000001735 carboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- RKISUIUJZGSLEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-[2-(octadecanoylamino)ethyl]octadecanamide Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)NCCNC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC RKISUIUJZGSLEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000004633 polyglycolic acid Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- REKYPYSUBKSCAT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-hydroxypentanoic acid Chemical compound CCC(O)CC(O)=O REKYPYSUBKSCAT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- ALRHLSYJTWAHJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-hydroxypropionic acid Chemical compound OCCC(O)=O ALRHLSYJTWAHJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- FMHKPLXYWVCLME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-hydroxy-valeric acid Chemical compound CC(O)CCC(O)=O FMHKPLXYWVCLME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000021357 Behenic acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000001336 alkenes Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 229940116226 behenic acid Drugs 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011258 core-shell material Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- PHOJOSOUIAQEDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-hydroxypentanoic acid Chemical compound OCCCCC(O)=O PHOJOSOUIAQEDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- WPYMKLBDIGXBTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 WPYMKLBDIGXBTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbonic acid Chemical compound OC(O)=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 3
- AFENDNXGAFYKQO-VKHMYHEASA-N (S)-2-hydroxybutyric acid Chemical compound CC[C@H](O)C(O)=O AFENDNXGAFYKQO-VKHMYHEASA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- SJZRECIVHVDYJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-hydroxybutyric acid Chemical compound OCCCC(O)=O SJZRECIVHVDYJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229940006015 4-hydroxybutyric acid Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- DPUOLQHDNGRHBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Brassidinsaeure Natural products CCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O DPUOLQHDNGRHBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- URXZXNYJPAJJOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Erucic acid Natural products CCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O URXZXNYJPAJJOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000007933 aliphatic carboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000005907 alkyl ester group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000000484 butyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- DPUOLQHDNGRHBS-KTKRTIGZSA-N erucic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O DPUOLQHDNGRHBS-KTKRTIGZSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000003055 glycidyl group Chemical group C(C1CO1)* 0.000 claims description 2
- JRHWHSJDIILJAT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-hydroxypentanoic acid Chemical compound CCCC(O)C(O)=O JRHWHSJDIILJAT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acrylate Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims 1
- RPQRDASANLAFCM-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxiran-2-ylmethyl prop-2-enoate Chemical group C=CC(=O)OCC1CO1 RPQRDASANLAFCM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 229960004274 stearic acid Drugs 0.000 claims 1
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 description 28
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 description 28
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 24
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 24
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 21
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 21
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 15
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 12
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 12
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 description 11
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 11
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 description 11
- 238000000113 differential scanning calorimetry Methods 0.000 description 10
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 10
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 9
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 9
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000010008 shearing Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 6
- 239000011265 semifinished product Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000009477 glass transition Effects 0.000 description 5
- JJTUDXZGHPGLLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N lactide Chemical compound CC1OC(=O)C(C)OC1=O JJTUDXZGHPGLLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 5
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-REOHCLBHSA-N L-lactic acid Chemical compound C[C@H](O)C(O)=O JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-REOHCLBHSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000008602 contraction Effects 0.000 description 4
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000007151 ring opening polymerisation reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910001868 water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- RKDVKSZUMVYZHH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-dioxane-2,5-dione Chemical compound O=C1COC(=O)CO1 RKDVKSZUMVYZHH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 208000037534 Progressive hemifacial atrophy Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000012662 bulk polymerization Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000013329 compounding Methods 0.000 description 3
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 description 3
- 238000000855 fermentation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000004151 fermentation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000004898 kneading Methods 0.000 description 3
- 150000002596 lactones Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004806 packaging method and process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000012017 passive hemagglutination assay Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229920001610 polycaprolactone Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000004632 polycaprolactone Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920000903 polyhydroxyalkanoate Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 230000002829 reductive effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 3
- WRIDQFICGBMAFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N (E)-8-Octadecenoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCC(O)=O WRIDQFICGBMAFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZDHCZVWCTKTBRY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 12-hydroxylauric acid Chemical compound OCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O ZDHCZVWCTKTBRY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LQJBNNIYVWPHFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 20:1omega9c fatty acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O LQJBNNIYVWPHFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OZJPLYNZGCXSJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-valerolactone Chemical compound O=C1CCCCO1 OZJPLYNZGCXSJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IWHLYPDWHHPVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 6-hydroxyhexanoic acid Chemical compound OCCCCCC(O)=O IWHLYPDWHHPVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QSBYPNXLFMSGKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 9-Heptadecensaeure Natural products CCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O QSBYPNXLFMSGKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229930182843 D-Lactic acid Natural products 0.000 description 2
- JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UWTATZPHSA-N D-lactic acid Chemical compound C[C@@H](O)C(O)=O JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UWTATZPHSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 2
- 241000588724 Escherichia coli Species 0.000 description 2
- 241000588748 Klebsiella Species 0.000 description 2
- 239000004677 Nylon Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000005642 Oleic acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oleic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 2
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KKEYFWRCBNTPAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Terephthalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=C(C(O)=O)C=C1 KKEYFWRCBNTPAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- MUMGGOZAMZWBJJ-DYKIIFRCSA-N Testostosterone Chemical compound O=C1CC[C@]2(C)[C@H]3CC[C@](C)([C@H](CC4)O)[C@@H]4[C@@H]3CCC2=C1 MUMGGOZAMZWBJJ-DYKIIFRCSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WNLRTRBMVRJNCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N adipic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCCC(O)=O WNLRTRBMVRJNCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003963 antioxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001580 bacterial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- WERYXYBDKMZEQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N butane-1,4-diol Chemical compound OCCCCO WERYXYBDKMZEQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000498 cooling water Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000007334 copolymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229940022769 d- lactic acid Drugs 0.000 description 2
- POULHZVOKOAJMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O POULHZVOKOAJMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010101 extrusion blow moulding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003063 flame retardant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005469 granulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000003179 granulation Effects 0.000 description 2
- IPCSVZSSVZVIGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexadecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O IPCSVZSSVZVIGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920001519 homopolymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000001746 injection moulding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010103 injection stretch blow moulding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920000554 ionomer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- QXJSBBXBKPUZAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N isooleic acid Natural products CCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QXJSBBXBKPUZAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000010128 melt processing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920001778 nylon Polymers 0.000 description 2
- LYRFLYHAGKPMFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanamide Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(N)=O LYRFLYHAGKPMFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N oleic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC(O)=O ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004014 plasticizer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000006068 polycondensation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011241 protective layer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000565 sealant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052814 silicon oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002356 single layer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000014347 soups Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 2
- DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-VKHMYHEASA-N (+)-propylene glycol Chemical compound C[C@H](O)CO DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-VKHMYHEASA-N 0.000 description 1
- JJTUDXZGHPGLLC-QWWZWVQMSA-N (3r,6r)-3,6-dimethyl-1,4-dioxane-2,5-dione Chemical compound C[C@H]1OC(=O)[C@@H](C)OC1=O JJTUDXZGHPGLLC-QWWZWVQMSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JJTUDXZGHPGLLC-ZXZARUISSA-N (3r,6s)-3,6-dimethyl-1,4-dioxane-2,5-dione Chemical compound C[C@H]1OC(=O)[C@H](C)OC1=O JJTUDXZGHPGLLC-ZXZARUISSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OYHQOLUKZRVURQ-NTGFUMLPSA-N (9Z,12Z)-9,10,12,13-tetratritiooctadeca-9,12-dienoic acid Chemical compound C(CCCCCCC\C(=C(/C\C(=C(/CCCCC)\[3H])\[3H])\[3H])\[3H])(=O)O OYHQOLUKZRVURQ-NTGFUMLPSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QMMJWQMCMRUYTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2,4,5-tetrachloro-3-(trifluoromethyl)benzene Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C1=C(Cl)C(Cl)=CC(Cl)=C1Cl QMMJWQMCMRUYTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YPFDHNVEDLHUCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-propanediol Substances OCCCO YPFDHNVEDLHUCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LMAUULKNZLEMGN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-ethyl-3,5-dimethylbenzene Chemical compound CCC1=CC(C)=CC(C)=C1 LMAUULKNZLEMGN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RNFJDJUURJAICM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,4,4,6,6-hexaphenoxy-1,3,5-triaza-2$l^{5},4$l^{5},6$l^{5}-triphosphacyclohexa-1,3,5-triene Chemical compound N=1P(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=NP(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=NP=1(OC=1C=CC=CC=1)OC1=CC=CC=C1 RNFJDJUURJAICM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UFYGCFHQAXXBCF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,4-dihydroxybutanoic acid Chemical compound OCCC(O)C(O)=O UFYGCFHQAXXBCF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CFVWNXQPGQOHRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylpropyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound CC(C)COC(=O)C=C CFVWNXQPGQOHRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ULKFLOVGORAZDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3,3-dimethyloxetan-2-one Chemical compound CC1(C)COC1=O ULKFLOVGORAZDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OXSSIXNFGTZQMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-hydroxyheptanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCC(O)CC(O)=O OXSSIXNFGTZQMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HPMGFDVTYHWBAG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-hydroxyhexanoic acid Chemical compound CCCC(O)CC(O)=O HPMGFDVTYHWBAG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WZNXBMDGFRTUOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 6-hydroxy-2-methylhexanoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(C)CCCCO WZNXBMDGFRTUOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GKLBYFQTXYSNDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 6-hydroxy-3,3,5-trimethylhexanoic acid Chemical compound OCC(C)CC(C)(C)CC(O)=O GKLBYFQTXYSNDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ICELWQDCXZXRBH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 6-hydroxy-3-methylhexanoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(C)CCCO ICELWQDCXZXRBH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MSWBISKOQFARTB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 6-hydroxy-4-methylhexanoic acid Chemical compound OCCC(C)CCC(O)=O MSWBISKOQFARTB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000251468 Actinopterygii Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000589151 Azotobacter Species 0.000 description 1
- 229910052582 BN Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000005711 Benzoic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 241000219310 Beta vulgaris subsp. vulgaris Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000005457 Black-body radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- PZNSFCLAULLKQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron nitride Chemical compound N#B PZNSFCLAULLKQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 244000178993 Brassica juncea Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000011332 Brassica juncea Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241000589519 Comamonas Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000252867 Cupriavidus metallidurans Species 0.000 description 1
- ABIKNKURIGPIRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N DL-4-hydroxy caproic acid Chemical compound CCC(O)CCC(O)=O ABIKNKURIGPIRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004593 Epoxy Substances 0.000 description 1
- UAUDZVJPLUQNMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Erucasaeureamid Natural products CCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCCCCCC(N)=O UAUDZVJPLUQNMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000219 Ethylene vinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- OAKJQQAXSVQMHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrazine Chemical compound NN OAKJQQAXSVQMHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 244000017020 Ipomoea batatas Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000002678 Ipomoea batatas Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000005639 Lauric acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006057 Non-nutritive feed additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000021314 Palmitic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001328 Polyvinylidene chloride Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 240000000111 Saccharum officinarum Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000007201 Saccharum officinarum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Succinic acid Natural products OC(=O)CCC(O)=O KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000021536 Sugar beet Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 240000008042 Zea mays Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000005824 Zea mays ssp. parviglumis Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000002017 Zea mays subsp mays Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000006096 absorbing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012790 adhesive layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001361 adipic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011037 adipic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920003232 aliphatic polyester Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000001408 amides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920006020 amorphous polyamide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229940053200 antiepileptics fatty acid derivative Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000003078 antioxidant effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002216 antistatic agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000015197 apple juice Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004760 aramid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003235 aromatic polyamide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 235000008452 baby food Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000010233 benzoic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- GSCLMSFRWBPUSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N beta-Butyrolactone Chemical compound CC1CC(=O)O1 GSCLMSFRWBPUSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000013361 beverage Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920002988 biodegradable polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004621 biodegradable polymer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000740 bleeding effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000071 blow moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 1
- KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-NUQCWPJISA-N butanedioic acid Chemical compound O[14C](=O)CC[14C](O)=O KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-NUQCWPJISA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000012241 calcium silicate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- AOWKSNWVBZGMTJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium titanate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-][Ti]([O-])=O AOWKSNWVBZGMTJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000003490 calendering Methods 0.000 description 1
- UBAZGMLMVVQSCD-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbon dioxide;molecular oxygen Chemical compound O=O.O=C=O UBAZGMLMVVQSCD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000014171 carbonated beverage Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013351 cheese Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000016213 coffee Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000013353 coffee beverage Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000748 compression moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011437 continuous method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000005822 corn Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002537 cosmetic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013479 data entry Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000018044 dehydration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006297 dehydration reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003599 detergent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002009 diols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011869 dried fruits Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940079593 drug Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000000975 dye Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000806 elastomer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005670 electromagnetic radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- UAUDZVJPLUQNMU-KTKRTIGZSA-N erucamide Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCCCCCC(N)=O UAUDZVJPLUQNMU-KTKRTIGZSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920006228 ethylene acrylate copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004715 ethylene vinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007765 extrusion coating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002979 fabric softener Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000002657 fibrous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019688 fish Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003205 fragrance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000015203 fruit juice Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000000524 functional group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 235000021474 generally recognized As safe (food) Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000021473 generally recognized as safe (food ingredients) Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000010353 genetic engineering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000003869 genetically modified organism Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000019674 grape juice Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 1
- RBTKNAXYKSUFRK-UHFFFAOYSA-N heliogen blue Chemical compound [Cu].[N-]1C2=C(C=CC=C3)C3=C1N=C([N-]1)C3=CC=CC=C3C1=NC([N-]1)=C(C=CC=C3)C3=C1N=C([N-]1)C3=CC=CC=C3C1=N2 RBTKNAXYKSUFRK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RZXDTJIXPSCHCI-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexa-1,5-diene-2,5-diol Chemical compound OC(=C)CCC(O)=C RZXDTJIXPSCHCI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003845 household chemical Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 description 1
- 230000007062 hydrolysis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003317 industrial substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002401 inhibitory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000977 initiatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003834 intracellular effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000008960 ketchup Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000003475 lamination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000670 limiting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006210 lotion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000010746 mayonnaise Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000008268 mayonnaise Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013372 meat Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000013336 milk Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000008267 milk Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000004080 milk Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000012778 molding material Substances 0.000 description 1
- WQEPLUUGTLDZJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Pentadecanoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O WQEPLUUGTLDZJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002114 nanocomposite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006911 nucleation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010899 nucleation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000014571 nuts Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000015205 orange juice Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005022 packaging material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000036961 partial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000006072 paste Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002985 plastic film Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920006255 plastic film Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920003229 poly(methyl methacrylate) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000139 polyethylene terephthalate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005020 polyethylene terephthalate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013047 polymeric layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000379 polymerizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004926 polymethyl methacrylate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000098 polyolefin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000166 polytrimethylene carbonate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005033 polyvinylidene chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 244000144977 poultry Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000013594 poultry meat Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007639 printing Methods 0.000 description 1
- QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene Natural products CC=C QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004805 propylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([*:1])C([H])([H])[*:2] 0.000 description 1
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920005604 random copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000008707 rearrangement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003303 reheating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011342 resin composition Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 235000003441 saturated fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000004671 saturated fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000015067 sauces Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002453 shampoo Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000344 soap Substances 0.000 description 1
- WXMKPNITSTVMEF-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium benzoate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 WXMKPNITSTVMEF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000004299 sodium benzoate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010234 sodium benzoate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000021055 solid food Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000008247 solid mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013599 spices Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229940037312 stearamide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013547 stew Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002195 synergetic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000454 talc Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052623 talc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000012222 talc Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920001897 terpolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- ISXSCDLOGDJUNJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound CC(C)(C)OC(=O)C=C ISXSCDLOGDJUNJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960003604 testosterone Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000009823 thermal lamination Methods 0.000 description 1
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000606 toothpaste Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940034610 toothpaste Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000012745 toughening agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000314 transition metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000009966 trimming Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000021122 unsaturated fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000004670 unsaturated fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- PAPBSGBWRJIAAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N ε-Caprolactone Chemical compound O=C1CCCCCO1 PAPBSGBWRJIAAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L67/00—Compositions of polyesters obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic ester link in the main chain; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
- C08L67/04—Polyesters derived from hydroxycarboxylic acids, e.g. lactones
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
- B29C48/03—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor characterised by the shape of the extruded material at extrusion
- B29C48/05—Filamentary, e.g. strands
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
- B29C48/03—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor characterised by the shape of the extruded material at extrusion
- B29C48/07—Flat, e.g. panels
- B29C48/08—Flat, e.g. panels flexible, e.g. films
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
- B29C48/03—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor characterised by the shape of the extruded material at extrusion
- B29C48/09—Articles with cross-sections having partially or fully enclosed cavities, e.g. pipes or channels
- B29C48/10—Articles with cross-sections having partially or fully enclosed cavities, e.g. pipes or channels flexible, e.g. blown foils
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
- B29C48/03—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor characterised by the shape of the extruded material at extrusion
- B29C48/12—Articles with an irregular circumference when viewed in cross-section, e.g. window profiles
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
- B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
- B29C48/88—Thermal treatment of the stream of extruded material, e.g. cooling
- B29C48/911—Cooling
- B29C48/9135—Cooling of flat articles, e.g. using specially adapted supporting means
- B29C48/914—Cooling drums
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
- B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
- B29C48/88—Thermal treatment of the stream of extruded material, e.g. cooling
- B29C48/919—Thermal treatment of the stream of extruded material, e.g. cooling using a bath, e.g. extruding into an open bath to coagulate or cool the material
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C49/00—Blow-moulding, i.e. blowing a preform or parison to a desired shape within a mould; Apparatus therefor
- B29C49/02—Combined blow-moulding and manufacture of the preform or the parison
- B29C49/04—Extrusion blow-moulding
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C51/00—Shaping by thermoforming, i.e. shaping sheets or sheet like preforms after heating, e.g. shaping sheets in matched moulds or by deep-drawing; Apparatus therefor
- B29C51/26—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
- B29C51/42—Heating or cooling
- B29C51/428—Heating or cooling of moulds or mould parts
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C2791/00—Shaping characteristics in general
- B29C2791/004—Shaping under special conditions
- B29C2791/006—Using vacuum
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C2791/00—Shaping characteristics in general
- B29C2791/004—Shaping under special conditions
- B29C2791/007—Using fluid under pressure
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C2949/00—Indexing scheme relating to blow-moulding
- B29C2949/07—Preforms or parisons characterised by their configuration
- B29C2949/0715—Preforms or parisons characterised by their configuration the preform having one end closed
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
- B29C48/022—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor characterised by the choice of material
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
- B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
- B29C48/30—Extrusion nozzles or dies
- B29C48/305—Extrusion nozzles or dies having a wide opening, e.g. for forming sheets
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
- B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
- B29C48/88—Thermal treatment of the stream of extruded material, e.g. cooling
- B29C48/90—Thermal treatment of the stream of extruded material, e.g. cooling with calibration or sizing, i.e. combined with fixing or setting of the final dimensions of the extruded article
- B29C48/904—Thermal treatment of the stream of extruded material, e.g. cooling with calibration or sizing, i.e. combined with fixing or setting of the final dimensions of the extruded article using dry calibration, i.e. no quenching tank, e.g. with water spray for cooling or lubrication
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C49/00—Blow-moulding, i.e. blowing a preform or parison to a desired shape within a mould; Apparatus therefor
- B29C49/02—Combined blow-moulding and manufacture of the preform or the parison
- B29C49/06—Injection blow-moulding
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C51/00—Shaping by thermoforming, i.e. shaping sheets or sheet like preforms after heating, e.g. shaping sheets in matched moulds or by deep-drawing; Apparatus therefor
- B29C51/002—Shaping by thermoforming, i.e. shaping sheets or sheet like preforms after heating, e.g. shaping sheets in matched moulds or by deep-drawing; Apparatus therefor characterised by the choice of material
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C51/00—Shaping by thermoforming, i.e. shaping sheets or sheet like preforms after heating, e.g. shaping sheets in matched moulds or by deep-drawing; Apparatus therefor
- B29C51/08—Deep drawing or matched-mould forming, i.e. using mechanical means only
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
- B29K2023/00—Use of polyalkenes or derivatives thereof as moulding material
- B29K2023/04—Polymers of ethylene
- B29K2023/08—Copolymers of ethylene
- B29K2023/086—EVOH, i.e. ethylene vinyl alcohol copolymer
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
- B29K2023/00—Use of polyalkenes or derivatives thereof as moulding material
- B29K2023/10—Polymers of propylene
- B29K2023/12—PP, i.e. polypropylene
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
- B29K2027/00—Use of polyvinylhalogenides or derivatives thereof as moulding material
- B29K2027/08—PVDC, i.e. polyvinylidene chloride
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
- B29K2029/00—Use of polyvinylalcohols, polyvinylethers, polyvinylaldehydes, polyvinylketones or polyvinylketals or derivatives thereof as moulding material
- B29K2029/04—PVOH, i.e. polyvinyl alcohol
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
- B29K2067/00—Use of polyesters or derivatives thereof, as moulding material
- B29K2067/04—Polyesters derived from hydroxycarboxylic acids
- B29K2067/043—PGA, i.e. polyglycolic acid or polyglycolide
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
- B29K2067/00—Use of polyesters or derivatives thereof, as moulding material
- B29K2067/04—Polyesters derived from hydroxycarboxylic acids
- B29K2067/046—PLA, i.e. polylactic acid or polylactide
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
- B29K2077/00—Use of PA, i.e. polyamides, e.g. polyesteramides or derivatives thereof, as moulding material
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
- B29K2105/00—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped
- B29K2105/0005—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped containing compounding ingredients
- B29K2105/0008—Anti-static agents
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
- B29K2105/00—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped
- B29K2105/0005—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped containing compounding ingredients
- B29K2105/0026—Flame proofing or flame retarding agents
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
- B29K2105/00—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped
- B29K2105/0005—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped containing compounding ingredients
- B29K2105/0032—Pigments, colouring agents or opacifiyng agents
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
- B29K2105/00—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped
- B29K2105/0005—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped containing compounding ingredients
- B29K2105/0038—Plasticisers
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
- B29K2105/00—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped
- B29K2105/0005—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped containing compounding ingredients
- B29K2105/0044—Stabilisers, e.g. against oxydation, light or heat
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
- B29K2105/00—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped
- B29K2105/0005—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped containing compounding ingredients
- B29K2105/0047—Agents changing thermal characteristics
- B29K2105/005—Heat sensitisers or absorbers
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
- B29K2105/00—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped
- B29K2105/06—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped containing reinforcements, fillers or inserts
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
- B29K2105/00—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped
- B29K2105/06—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped containing reinforcements, fillers or inserts
- B29K2105/16—Fillers
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
- B29K2105/00—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped
- B29K2105/25—Solid
- B29K2105/253—Preform
- B29K2105/256—Sheets, plates, blanks or films
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
- B29K2995/00—Properties of moulding materials, reinforcements, fillers, preformed parts or moulds
- B29K2995/0037—Other properties
- B29K2995/004—Semi-crystalline
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
- B29K2995/00—Properties of moulding materials, reinforcements, fillers, preformed parts or moulds
- B29K2995/0037—Other properties
- B29K2995/0049—Heat shrinkable
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
- B29K2995/00—Properties of moulding materials, reinforcements, fillers, preformed parts or moulds
- B29K2995/0037—Other properties
- B29K2995/0065—Permeability to gases
- B29K2995/0067—Permeability to gases non-permeable
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
- B29K2995/00—Properties of moulding materials, reinforcements, fillers, preformed parts or moulds
- B29K2995/0037—Other properties
- B29K2995/0068—Permeability to liquids; Adsorption
- B29K2995/0069—Permeability to liquids; Adsorption non-permeable
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29L—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS B29C, RELATING TO PARTICULAR ARTICLES
- B29L2009/00—Layered products
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29L—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS B29C, RELATING TO PARTICULAR ARTICLES
- B29L2031/00—Other particular articles
- B29L2031/712—Containers; Packaging elements or accessories, Packages
- B29L2031/7132—Bowls, Cups, Glasses
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
- C08K5/04—Oxygen-containing compounds
- C08K5/09—Carboxylic acids; Metal salts thereof; Anhydrides thereof
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L23/00—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
- C08L23/02—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment
- C08L23/04—Homopolymers or copolymers of ethene
- C08L23/08—Copolymers of ethene
- C08L23/0846—Copolymers of ethene with unsaturated hydrocarbons containing atoms other than carbon or hydrogen
- C08L23/0869—Copolymers of ethene with unsaturated hydrocarbons containing atoms other than carbon or hydrogen with unsaturated acids, e.g. [meth]acrylic acid; with unsaturated esters, e.g. [meth]acrylic acid esters
- C08L23/0884—Epoxide-containing esters
Landscapes
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Manufacture Of Macromolecular Shaped Articles (AREA)
- Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
- Blow-Moulding Or Thermoforming Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
Abstract
本发明公开了一种方法,所述方法包括:挤出聚(羟基链烷酸)(PHA)以制备第一制品;在温度≥约90℃的加热模具中热成形所述第一制品以制备第二制品;和通过将所述第二制品在加热模具中保持少于约40秒以对所述第二制品进行热处理以制备热成形制品,其中所述PHA组合物包含或基本上由PHA和按组合物的重量计0至约4%的成核剂组成;所述第一制品为薄膜或片材并且部分地结晶。
Description
本发明涉及聚(羟基链烷酸)组合物、改善耐温性同时使雾度最小化的方法、以及包含该组合物的制品。
发明背景
诸如聚乳酸(PLA)的聚(羟基链烷酸)(PHA)为包含可再生单体的树脂,该可再生单体由诸如包括玉米、糖用甜菜或甘薯的植物物质经细菌发酵生成。该树脂可用于诸如杯、盘以及蛤壳式外壳的透明热成形包装制品。一般来讲,首先将该树脂挤压成非晶形片材,然后将该片材加热至玻璃化转变温度(Tg)以上,再使用未加热的模具使其真空或压力成形为成品。制品PHA的有益效果在一定程度上被处于热环境条件下的制品的尺寸不稳定性所抵消。
由于许多等级的PLA在循环时间短的热成形设备中结晶过于缓慢,或者在给定的时间内结晶度小于10%,因此低拉伸度(如小于约2.5倍(250%)的拉伸)制品的各部分未完全结晶。广泛用于热成形的PLA等级具有55℃的Tg,因此当加热至55℃以上时,热成形为冷模具的此类PLA制品的尺寸稳定性较差。PLA包装制品在运输或储存期间可能会经受稍高于55℃的温度,所以希望找到使PLA制品在此类条件下具有较佳机械稳定性的方法。当加热至Tg以上时,热成形制品或拉伸制品可在数秒内收缩超过5%(有时为50%)。在经历介于约25%(最终长度或面积比预成形长度或面积大25%)和约100%之间的临界取向量的模型制品的那些部分中,收缩趋势可能尤其高(高至50%)。具有高于约100%或约250%取向的区域在成形过程中可能会经历某些额外的结晶作用。因此,这些区域可具有低于其他区域的收缩趋势。未取向的那些区域可具有低收缩率(<10%);然而,这些区域是柔软的,并且在稍高于Tg的温度下进行机械加压时易于变形。介于约100%和约250%之间的那些区域可具有最得益于本专利申请主题的最高收缩率。收缩可产生较大的力,因此复杂中空制品中一个区域的收缩可以放大成对整个结构的较大尺寸影响。因此,就本专利申请的目的而言,所期望的收缩率小于8%、小于4%或小于1%。
收缩力可归因于存在拉伸的PLA分子,这些分子未结晶,是非晶态的,并通过在模具中快速冷却而凝固在合适的位置(称为“非晶取向”)。当温度升至Tg以上时,如果制品未受到收缩限制,则这些分子在几秒钟内弛豫并引发或导致收缩(即,弛豫致收缩)。如果PLA未完全结晶并且制品的温度显著高于Tg(尤其是处于Tg和熔点的平均温度下时),则可能会由于结晶而在几分钟内产生一些额外的收缩(即结晶致收缩)。如果制品中的PLA未完全结晶,则由于其低分子量(诸如低于10,000克/摩尔)、低D-丙交酯(内消旋丙交酯)含量和/或特殊成核剂的高使用量而使PLA特别快速地结晶,从而使得结晶致收缩能够在Tg和熔点的平均温度以下发生。本专利申请的有益效果是针对低雾度的。
为了解决收缩或尺寸稳定性的问题,可增加结晶度和/或减少非晶取向。因此,要使非晶取向量与总结晶度的数值比率最小化。此比率可通过x射线定义,即,由x射线测定的非晶取向与由x射线测定的总结晶度的比率,并且优选小于约2或小于约1或更优选小于约0.1。非晶取向还可通过x射线与吸热之间的相关性来指征,该吸热值刚好高于由称为“焓弛豫法”的差示扫描量热法(DSC)所测定的Tg。在以10℃/分钟的速率对样品进行加热的期间,通过x射线测定具有非晶取向的PLA制品在比Tg高5℃的温度范围内可具有约9J/g的吸热值。不具有非晶取向的样品的这一吸热值为0J/g。数据表明,虽然不能完全集中于将结晶度最大化以减少弛豫致收缩,但是可将Tg处的吸热值与总结晶度的比率最小化至小于约0.3,或0.1或0.05。将非晶取向与总结晶度的比率最小化,而不是最大化总的结晶度,这是由于在常规热成形方法中高结晶度趋于引起更高的雾度。
有多种方法可使非晶取向与总结晶度的比率最小化。例如,要增加Tg为55℃并且熔点为155℃的PHA或PLA的结晶度,可在105℃下对模制成品热处理若干分钟以在加热至55℃以上时赋予制品硬度。然而,这样做可能会导致制品在热处理的最初几秒钟内收缩。
可以在加热模具中于约105℃下对制品热处理若干秒,同时抑制其在该模具中收缩。这样做会使制品中取向不大于约25%的那些区域保持非晶态。将制品从热模具中移除会导致这些区域变形,这可能是由于其对热模具的粘附或者是由于在仍然较热时处于低机械应力下而导致的变形。
可以在约105℃下对制品热处理若干秒,同时防止其在加热模具中移动。由于制品通过结晶而硬化,因此移除过程不会使其变形。但这样做可能会使热成形循环时间延长,从而导致效率低下。
作为另外一种选择,可通过在高温(高于Tg和熔点的平均温度)下模塑制品以减少非晶取向的初始量。超过约25℃的过高温度(例如接近熔点的温度)可使热片材过度松垂或在热成形前于其支撑件处变形。略低的过高温度也会存在问题,因为模具表面低聚物或添加剂的渗出会使模塑制品的表面粗糙。在高温(例如,比Tg和熔点的平均温度高约25℃)下运行可以使模塑制品具有极少的拉伸非晶态PLA分子,并且与具有拉伸非晶态分子的模塑制品相比收缩减少。然而,该制品具有90%或更多的非晶态,它可以是柔软的并且在高于Tg的温度下使用时易于不利地变形,但是一般希望包含大于10%的晶体的制品在高于其Tg时是具有尺寸稳定性。在高于55℃的温度下保持数周后,具有90%非晶态的制品也会由于部分开始结晶或其他分子重排而发生某种程度的收缩。
为了增加结晶度,可在高温下模塑制品,然后使制品在Tg和熔点的平均温度下于模具中退火,从而增加结晶度,但是这样做会极大地增加制品的雾度。
作为另外一种选择,可如下所述制备制品:将树脂在热成形期间拉伸大于约150%,然后在Tg和熔点的平均温度下热处理几秒钟。这样做可由于应变诱导结晶(即在拉伸过程中结晶)而获得清晰度和尺寸稳定性,但是此大量拉伸将模塑制品的外形限制为非常狭长的外形。
也可以通过使用PLA的成核剂增加结晶度或结晶速率。成核剂包括滑石、硅酸钙类、苯甲酸钠、钛酸钙、氮化硼、铜酞菁和全同立构聚丙烯。使用成核剂会使原本透明的PLA制品产生高雾度或不透明度,从而降低了制品的价值。请参阅(例如)US6114495、US6417294和WO03014224。
因此,需要由PHA制备一种低雾度(即接触透明性,这意味着对人眼而言基本上清楚可见)制品,并提高低雾度制品表面的尺寸稳定性。我们已经发现,可以将非常热的模具与PHA一起使用以在高于Tg时产生0%的弛豫致收缩,成核剂可以使用此类热模具,并且可以尽可能完全结晶的PHA对于尺寸稳定性并非是必须的。
发明概述
本发明公开了一种方法,该方法包括:挤出聚(羟基链烷酸)(PHA)以制备第一制品;在温度≥约90℃的加热模具中热成形第一制品以制备第二制品;和通过将第二制品在加热模具中保持少于约40秒来对所述第二制品进行热处理以制备热成形制品,其中PHA组合物包含或基本上由PHA和按组合物的重量计0至约4%的成核剂组成;第一制品为薄膜或片材并且部分地结晶。
发明详述
“部分结晶”是指制品具有至少约2%、或至少约5%、至多约20%的结晶度。“非晶态”是指这样一种PHA样品,当将该样品在差示扫描量热计(DSC)中以约10℃/分钟从环境温度加热至高于其熔点25℃时,将熔融吸热值“J/g”减去升温结晶放热值“J/g”时,得到的结果小于约0.5J/g。快速结晶PHA是指这样一种PHA,当其状态为非晶态并在DSC中加热时,表现出大于5J/g的、尤其是大于20J/g的升温结晶放热。缓慢结晶PHA所指的PHA在其状态为非晶态并在DSC中加热时,表现出小于5J/g、尤其是小于1J/g的结晶放热。“可结晶”PHA是指在Tg和熔点的平均温度下加热4小时后表现出大于5J/g结晶度的PHA。
PHA组合物包括含有重复单元的聚合物,这些重复单元来源于具有2至15个、2至10个、2至7个、或2至5个碳原子的一种或多种羟基链烷酸。实例包括乙醇酸、乳酸、3-羟基丙酸、2-羟基丁酸、3-羟基丁酸、4-羟基丁酸、3-羟基戊酸、4-羟基戊酸、5-羟基戊酸、6-羟基己酸、3-羟基己酸、4-羟基己酸、3-羟基庚酸、或它们中的两种或更多种的组合。聚合物的实例包括聚乙醇酸(PGA)、聚乳酸(PLA)和聚羟基丁酸(PHB)、聚己内酯(PCL)、或它们中的两种或更多种的组合,包括两种或更多种可有利地结晶的PHA聚合物的共混物,例如PHB和PCL的共混物。
PHA可通过本体聚合来制备。PHA可通过羟基链烷酸的脱水缩聚来合成。PHA也可通过聚乙醇酸烷基酯的脱醇缩聚或通过环状衍生物(诸如相应的内酯或环状二聚酯)的开环聚合反应来合成。本体聚合可通过两种生产方法,即连续方法和批量方法来进行。JP03-502115A公开了一种方法,其中环酯的本体聚合在双螺杆挤出机中进行。JP07-26001A公开了一种用于聚合可生物降解的聚合物的方法,其中将羟基羧酸的双分子环酯和一种或多种内酯连续进料至连续反应设备中,该连续反应设备具有用于进行开环聚合反应的静态搅拌器。JP07-53684A公开了一种用于连续聚合脂族聚酯的方法,其中将羟基羧酸的环状二聚体与催化剂一起进料以进行初始聚合步骤,然后连续进料以进行由多螺杆捏合机构成的后续聚合步骤。US2668162和US3297033中公开了批量方法。
PHA也包括含有一种以上PHA的共聚物,例如聚羟基丁酸-羟基戊酸(PHB/V)共聚物和乙醇酸与乳酸(PGA/LA)的共聚物。共聚物可通过聚羟基链烷酸或衍生物与一种或多种环酯和/或二聚环酯的共聚来制备。此类共聚单体包括乙交酯(1,4-二氧杂环己烷-2,5-二酮),其为乙醇酸的二聚环酯;丙交酯(3,6-二甲基-1,4-二氧杂环己烷-2,5-二酮);α,α-二甲基-β-丙内酯,其为2,2-二甲基-3-羟基丙酸的环酯;β-丁内酯,其为3-羟基丁酸的环酯;δ-戊内酯,其为5-羟基戊酸的环酯;ε-己内酯,其为6-羟基己酸的环酯,及其甲基取代的衍生物的内酯,其甲基取代的衍生物诸如2-甲基-6-羟基己酸、3-甲基-6-羟基己酸、4-甲基-6-羟基己酸、3,3,5-三甲基-6-羟基己酸等;12-羟基十二烷酸的环酯;2-对二烷酮;2-(2-羟乙基)-乙醇酸的环酯;或它们中的两种或更多种的组合。
PHA组合物还包括一种或多种PHA单体或衍生物与其他共聚单体的共聚物,其他共聚单体包括脂族和芳族二酸以及二醇单体,诸如琥珀酸、己二酸、对苯二甲酸和乙二醇、1,3-丙二醇以及1,4-丁二醇。已有约100种不同的共聚单体被掺入PHA聚合物中。一般来讲,共聚物中掺入的共聚单体的摩尔数越多,所得共聚物越不可能结晶。如果共聚物从其可溶溶液中沉淀出时在某些有机溶剂中不结晶,则其在与成核剂熔融共混时无法结晶。
PHA聚合物和共聚物还可以通过活体生物制备或从植物物质分离。许多微生物具有积聚PHA聚合物的细胞内储备的能力。例如,已通过将富养罗尔斯通氏菌(Ralstonia eutropha)进行细菌发酵来制备聚(3-羟基丁酸-共-3-羟基戊酸)(PHB/V)共聚物。还使用多种细菌开发了用于其他PHA类型的发酵和回收方法,这些细菌包括固氮菌属(Azotobacter)、广泛产碱菌(Alcallgenes latus)、睾丸酮丛毛单胞菌(Comamonas testosterone)和遗传工程大肠杆菌(E.coli)、和克雷伯氏菌(Klebsiella)。US6323010公开了许多由遗传修饰生物体制备的PHA共聚物。
乙醇酸来源于甘蔗。聚乙醇酸可通过乙交酯的开环聚合反应合成,并且其有时被称为聚乙交酯。
PLA包括乳酸和其他单体的聚乳酸均聚物和共聚物,其包含来源于乳酸或其衍生物(其混合物)的至少50摩尔%(无论在哪种热处理条件下,含有50%的共聚单体的无规共聚物组合物最不可能结晶)的重复单元,并具有3000至1000000、10000至700000、或20000至300000的数均分子量。PLA可包含来源于乳酸或其衍生物(例如,由其制得)的至少70摩尔%的重复单元。PLA均聚物和共聚物的乳酸单体可来源于d-乳酸、l-乳酸或它们的组合。可使用两种或更多种PLA聚合物的组合。PLA可以通过乳酸的二聚环酯(在很多情况下称为“丙交酯”)的催化开环聚合反应来制备。因此,PLA也称为“聚丙交酯”。
PLA还包括乳酸或丙交酯的不同立体异构体的特殊类别共聚物和共混物。由d-乳酸或d-丙交酯聚合的PLA以及由l-乳酸或l-丙交酯聚合的PLA的熔融共混物可在比率为50/50的两种立体纯PLA之间生成立体络合物。该立体络合物自身的晶体相比两种PLA成分中的任一者具有高得多的熔点。类似的立体嵌段PLA可以为固态,由低分子量立体络合物PLA聚合得到。
乳酸共聚物可通过乳酸、丙交酯或其他乳酸衍生物与上述具有一种或多种环酯和/或二聚环酯的催化共聚来制备。
按所用PHA和成核剂总量计,PHA可包含至多约99.8重量%的组合物。例如,PHA的含量可以在约96重量%下限至100重量%的范围内。
按组合物的重量计,PHA组合物可包含0至约4%、约0.1%至约4%、约0.5%至约4%、约1%约4%、约1%至约3%、约0.5%至约3%或约1%至约2%的成核剂,其中可包括羧酸或其不导致PHA解聚的衍生物。羧酸或其衍生物可包括芳族羧酸(例如苯甲酸);脂族羧酸(例如,诸如油酸的不饱和脂肪酸;诸如硬脂酸和二十二烷酸的饱和脂肪酸;诸如硬脂醇的脂肪酸醇;诸如硬脂酸丁酯的脂肪酸酯;诸如硬脂酰胺或亚乙基双硬脂酰胺的脂肪酸酰胺;山嵛酸酰胺);聚羧酸;脂族羟基羧酸;或它们中的两种或更多种的组合。不受理论的约束,由包含脂肪酸衍生物或长链(例如,大于或等于31个碳)的PHA组合物制成的薄膜或片材的光学透明度较低,这是由于分散这些化合物时可能存在困难,或是由于PHA中这些化合物的溶解度较小(例如高于约2%),以及由于PHA和添加剂的折射指数不匹配。
这些羧酸或其衍生物可为其脂族单官能(饱和、不饱和或多不饱和)羧酸。该酸的每个分子可以具有约10至约30个、约12至约28个、约16至约26个,或18至22个碳原子。特别要关注的是被美国食品和药物管理局(FDA)列为GRAS(具有普遍安全性)或具有食品接触状态的那些。羧酸衍生物在与PHA熔融共混时可具有低挥发性(在与PHA熔融共混的温度下不挥发)或具有可在PHA中充分分散的颗粒,例如直径小于约2μ或不迁移(在正常储存条件(环境温度)下不聚集至PLA的表面)。也就是说,所需羧酸具有高于PHA熔融加工温度的沸点和压力,这在本专利申请的其他部分中公开。
成核剂的实例包括月桂酸、棕榈酸、硬脂酸、二十二烷酸、芥酸、油酸、亚油酸、芥酸酰胺、二十二酰胺、亚乙基双硬脂酰胺、或它们中的两种或更多种的组合。
按组合物的重量计,该组合物还可包含约0.01%至约25%、约0.1%至约10%或约0.2%至约5%的增韧剂,诸如乙烯共聚物、核-壳聚合物、或它们的组合。
乙烯共聚物可包含来源于以下物质的重复单元:(a)乙烯;(b)一种或多种式CH2=C(R3)CO2R4的烯烃,其中R3为氢或具有1至6个碳原子的烷基(例如甲基),并且R4为缩水甘油基;以及任选地(c)一种或多种式CH2=C(R1)CO2R2的烯烃,或一氧化碳,其中R1为氢或具有1至8个碳原子的烷基,并且R2为具有1至8个碳原子的烷基,例如甲基、乙基或丁基。来源于单体(a)的重复单元可以占共聚物重量的约20%、40%或50%至约80%、90%或95%。来源于单体(b)的重复单元可以占共聚物重量的约0.5%、2%或3%至约17%、20%或25%。乙烯共聚物的一个实例来源于乙烯和甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯并被称为EGMA。任选的单体(c)可为丙烯酸丁酯或CO。可以使用丙烯酸正丁酯、丙烯酸叔丁酯、丙烯酸异丁酯以及丙烯酸仲丁酯中的一者或多者。乙烯共聚物的一个实例来源于乙烯、丙烯酸丁酯以及甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯(EBAGMA)。来源于单体(c)的重复单元(如果存在的话)可以占共聚物重量的约3%、15%或20%至约35%、40%或70%。作为另外一种选择,乙烯共聚物可以为甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯接枝的乙烯共聚物或聚烯烃。
如果乙烯共聚物存在于组合物中,则成核剂可以是烷基酯或烷基酰胺的形式,其中烷基具有4至约30个或10至约20个碳原子。
核-壳聚合物可不包含乙烯基芳族共聚单体,并具有不大于1.5的折射指数;核包含一种或多种弹性体,这些弹性体可包含聚丙烯酸烷基酯并且任选地交联;壳包含非弹性体聚合物,该非弹性体聚合物可包括聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯,并且任选地包含包括环氧、羧酸或胺的官能团。
核-壳聚合物可以由通过US 4,180,529中所描述的多步骤连续聚合技术制备的多个层组成。每个连续步骤是在之前聚合的步骤存在的情况下进行聚合。因此,每一层聚合为紧接在前一步之上的层。
PHA组合物可包含一种或多种添加剂,包括增塑剂、稳定剂、抗氧化剂、紫外线吸收剂、水解稳定剂、抗静电剂、染料或颜料、填料、防火剂、润滑剂、诸如薄片的增强剂、加工助剂、防结块剂、隔离剂、和/或它们中的两种或更多种的组合。
这些添加剂可以0.001重量%至25重量%,或0.01重量%至2重量%存在于组合物中。例如,组合物可包含约0.5%至约5%的增塑剂;约0.1%至约2%的抗氧化剂和稳定剂;约3%至约10%的其他固体添加剂;约0.5%至约20%的纳米复合材料;和/或约1重量%至约20重量%的阻燃剂。合适的其他固体添加剂的实例包括诸如氧化钛的颜料、诸如碳或石墨的微波感受体、诸如钢粉或过渡金属氧化物的感应加热金属、和射频热密封。
热成形方法包括将PHA组合物或PHA与成核剂接触以制备化合物。接触可包括混合PHA与成核剂,直到成核剂基本上或甚至均匀地分散。任何抗冲改性剂(例如,乙烯-丙烯酸酯共聚物、离聚物、接枝剂)和添加剂也可以分散在组合物中。可以采用本领域已知的任何混合方法。例如,使用熔融搅拌器,诸如单螺杆或双螺杆挤出机、共混机、Buss捏合机、双螺旋Atlantic搅拌器、班伯里密炼机、辊式搅拌器等,将这些组分材料混合至基本上分散或均匀,从而获得树脂组合物。
接触可包括在环境压力下或在0至约60MPa或0至约34MPa的范围内,介于PHA软化点以上至PHA解聚温度以下的范围内的熔融混合温度,该温度为约100℃至约400℃,约170℃至约270℃或约180℃至约230℃。该条件产生足够高的剪切过程,以将成核剂分散成小颗粒并使其均匀地分布在熔融的PHA中;以及产生足够低的剪切过程,避免PHA分子量的过度损失和脆变。剪切过程是一段时间内剪切量的概念。熔体在经受长时间的高剪切后,与经受短时间的高剪切后相比,要经历更多的剪切过程。类似地,熔体在经受一段时间的中度剪切后,与经受短时间的极低剪切后相比,要经历更多的剪切过程;与经受长时间的极低剪切相比,也会经历更多的剪切过程。塑料加工设备的剪切过程会由于设备内不同的剪切速率和持续时间而变得复杂,例如在生产粒料的单螺杆挤出机中,螺杆在螺杆槽内具有低剪切速率和长持续时间,但是在螺杆的螺纹顶部和挤出机的壁之间具有高螺杆速率和短持续时间。一般来讲,不够高的剪切过程通过采用可以共转或反转的转子叶片搅拌器,用少于约2分钟的混合将环境温度成分引入加热的分批双叶片式搅拌器中而实现,或采用长度与直径的比率为10∶1的三叶式共转双螺杆挤出机来实现,该挤出机采用的螺杆包括小于总长的10%的螺杆元件,这些元件为捏合块或反向元件,其余为向前传送的部分。例如,足够高的剪切过程可通过在分批式操作装置上操作至少3分钟,并且在连续操作装置中采用至少20∶1的L∶D(长度比直径)比率而产生;而极高的剪切过程可通过在分批式操作装置中操作超过15分钟,或在连续操作装置中采用50∶1的L∶D比率而产生。其他加工设备可用于熔融混合,诸如单螺杆挤出机、反转双螺杆挤出机或辊磨机。可用的加工机还可包括双叶双螺杆挤出机以及螺杆末端具有混料头的单螺杆挤出机。羧酸或衍生物可以足够高的或大于0.1%的结晶增加量存在,从而提供在55℃或更高温度下的耐热性。在不受理论约束的情况下,如果羧酸或衍生物以过高的量存在,则可能会使熔融共混物粘度和熔体强度过低或对于后续的加工成粒料、片材或热成形制品的过程而言不稳定。例如,如果成核剂的添加量小于约20%,PLA中硬脂酸浓缩物的粒料可以通过水下制粒形成。据推测,高于20%的粘度对于制粒而言是不稳定的。此外,就低雾度而言,具有与PHA不相配折射指数的成核剂颗粒的尺寸可以小于约500nm、小于约300nm、或甚至小于80nm。将成核剂分散成小尺寸的难度随所用成核剂的量及其在PHA中溶解度的增加而增加。一般来讲,在PHA中含有超过约2%的成核剂可导致共混物浑浊。例如,不管采用何种类型的混合,大于3%或大于约5%均可产生过高的雾度水平。
作为另外一种选择,可将组分材料的一部分混合到熔融搅拌器中,随后加入余下的组分材料,并且进一步熔融混合,直至基本上分散或均匀。所得组合物为混合在PHA中的羧酸或衍生物的浓缩物或母料,按组合物的重量计,可包含2%至80%、5%至50%或10%至25%的羧酸或衍生物。
可采用任何适用于PHA的熔融加工技术将组合物模制成制品,前提条件是以可同时实现低雾度和高结晶度的方式完成成品的加工。本领域中已知的用于实现低雾度和结晶度的常用熔融模制方法可包括注塑到冷模具中,然后吹塑、异型挤塑并拉伸、或挤压吹塑,然后进行热处理。还可以通过挤出或压延将组合物熔融成形为薄膜,以制备接近非晶态的流延膜。这些接近非晶态的流延膜可以进一步热成形为制品和结构,然后再进行热处理。可通过本领域的技术人员已知的任何方法回收制品。
该组合物也可用于形成薄膜、棒、型材、片材、纤维和长丝,这些制品可以是未取向并结晶的并且具有雾度,或者是未取向和非晶态的半成品,或者由诸如吹塑薄膜的熔体进行取向,或者在后面的步骤中通过加热接近非晶态的半成品(例如通过注射拉伸吹模法、双轴或单轴取向或热成形)来取向。
可以通过狭槽冲模挤出并通过与保持在Tg或以下的金属辊接触来快速冷却,从而使组合物形成薄膜或片材,以制备包括薄膜或片材或吹塑薄膜或片材的第一制品。第一制品可具有大于约254,000∶1cm(100,000∶1英寸)或大于约2540∶1cm(1000∶1英寸)的表面积与厚度的比率。该制品也可具有大于约2%、5%或甚至15%的结晶度(例如,PLA DSC方法将“30%结晶度”量化为约30J/g的熔融吸热值减去从非晶态开始以10℃/分钟的速率加热时PLA的放热值)。
第一制品可在模具中于至少约90℃、至少约95℃、至少约100℃或至少约120℃并且可至多约140℃的温度下热成形以制备第二制品。第二制品在热模具中保持少于约40、少于约20秒、少于约10秒、或少于约5秒,以制备热成形制品。
模具形状可为本领域的技术人员已知的任何模具,诸如盘、杯、帽、碗或盖。模塑材料可以为铝或陶瓷,并可通过对模具内部到覆盖模具顶部的PHA加热片材施加真空来用于拉伸(取向)。
可将热成形制品转移到另一个模具中,该模具为冷模具,可使制品硬化,以防止在随后的抓握、修剪和堆叠操作中变形。对于厚型材,其内部的冷却速率可得益于在制品外部采用可行的最低温度。该温度有利地低于PHA的玻璃化转变温度。例如,就具有约55℃玻璃化转变温度的PHA而言,约700m的片材厚度可得益于采用20℃的单面淬火温度,而采用30℃单面淬火条件可使500μ的片材成为非晶态。高于约55℃的淬火温度未必有用,因为所需硬度是将制品冷却至Tg(此情况下为55℃)以下的结果。当使用结晶速度本身较慢的PHA或使用较低量的成核剂时,确切的最小温度可能会降低。
在将接近非晶态的半成品加工成低雾度结晶片材的过程中,可以首先通过传导加热、对流加热或辐射加热对非晶态制品进行加热。关于辐射加热,制品暴露在200℃至约700℃范围内的黑体辐射温度下。对于从两面加热的600μ厚的型材而言,在230℃黑体辐射器中的时间可以在约10秒至约70秒,或20秒至60秒,或30秒至50秒的范围内。用于在下一步骤实现结晶度和透明度的半成品的最适温度大致介于所用特定PHA的玻璃化转变温度和熔点的中间。低温会导致片材无法装入模具中。较高的温度会导致片材在模具中成形之前可能发生塌缩。
在将加热的非晶态半成品形成低雾度结晶成品的过程中,半成品可以足够高的速度和拉伸率进行拉伸,以引发结晶并使这些微晶小到不足以导致高雾度。X射线用于测量微晶的尺寸。就低雾度而言,PLA或PHA的微晶尺寸有利地小于约1000nm,或优选地小于约100nm,或更优选地小于约50nm。拉伸速率可以为每秒约10%至约1000%,或介于每秒20%和每秒500%之间。拉伸速率可以为约20%(后拉伸长度为预拉伸尺寸的150%)至约800%,或50%至700%,或100%至300%。不希望受理论约束,低拉伸速率可产生具有雾度的或未完全成形的制品,而高拉伸速率可产生不足够高的结晶度,从而导致成品在高于玻璃化转变温度的温度下尺寸稳定性较差。低拉伸速率在短时间的热成形过程中可能不会得到足够的结晶度,或者在成品制品中会产生雾度,而过高的拉伸速率可导致制品过薄或撕裂。对于未平衡或单维拉伸或在拉伸操作(例如真空、压力辅助或无实际“塞辅助”的情况)期间未冷却的制品而言,确切的拉伸速率可能更高。相反,制品中在拉伸操作期间已冷却的那些部分可能会产生雾度或较差的尺寸稳定性。
对于包装应用而言,多层膜可包括三层或更多层,包括最外面的结构层或保护层、里面的或内部的阻挡层以及与预期的包装内容物接触并与其相容且能形成任何所需密封的最内层。也可存在用作粘合剂层的其他层以便将这些层粘合在一起。各层的厚度可在约10至约200μm的范围内。
最外面的结构层或保护层可以由PHA组合物制成。附加的结构层可包含非晶态聚酯或丙烯/乙烯共聚物,但也可包含非晶态聚酰胺(尼龙)。可对结构层进行印刷,例如,通过使用轮转凹版法的背面印刷。
附加层可以通过层压来施加。内层可包括一个或多个阻挡层以降低可能会影响其中的产品的物质(如水、氧气、二氧化碳、电磁辐射(如紫外线辐射)和甲醇)穿过层的渗透速率。阻挡层可包含(例如)金属化聚丙烯或聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯、乙烯-乙烯醇、聚乙烯醇、聚偏1,1-二氯乙烯、铝箔(被设置为不会影响PHA的光学价值,例如透过其识别印刷层)、氧化硅(SiOx)、氧化铝、芳族尼龙、它们的共混物或复合材料以及它们的相关共聚物。
包装的最内层可为密封剂,并可以为可在明显低于最外层熔融温度的温度下自我粘合(密封)或粘合至其他薄膜或基底的聚合物层或涂层。密封剂是为人们所熟知的,可从E.I.du Pont de Nemours and Company(DuPont),Wilmington,Delaware商购获得。基底可包括金属薄片、纸材或非织造纤维材料。
多层膜可通过本领域的技术人员熟知的任何方法制备,例如,溶剂法或热层压法或等离子沉积法。其他合适的转换加工技术包括例如挤压涂布。
薄膜可用于制备包装材料,诸如容器、袋子和盖子、气球、标签、防窃启带;或工程制品,诸如长丝、线带和皮带。
本发明使用薄膜作为实例并且同样适用于片材,片材比薄膜厚例如约0.51mm(20密尔)。
制品可以为诸如成形制品或模塑制品的其他形式。容器和包装材料可具有多种外形,包括通过真空或压力成形由片材制备的盘、杯、帽、碗或盖。其他形状包括通过深冲压未拉伸的片材(即,热成形)、通过挤压吹塑或双轴向拉伸吹制型坯(注射拉伸吹模法)、通过注塑、压塑或其他模塑方法制备的那些形状;型材挤压制品;纸盒;可压挤管、袋子或瓶子;容器的组件;在刚性容器中分配液体(诸如酒、医用液体、婴儿食品)的袋子或小袋;蛤壳式外壳以及泡罩包装。
热成形制品可通过本领域的技术人员已知的任何方法回收。
可将薄膜或片材热成形,以制备凹表面,诸如盘、杯、罐、桶、盆、箱或碗。热成形制品可以与附加的元件结合,诸如用于密封作为盖子的热成形制品的大致平坦的薄膜(封盖薄膜)。
可包装的产品包括食物和非食物,包括饮料(例如,碳酸饮料、橙汁、苹果汁、葡萄汁、其他果汁和奶);固体食物(例如,肉、乳酪、鱼、家禽肉、坚果、咖啡、苹果酱或其他调味料、炖品、干果、糊状食品、汤和汤浓缩物以及其他可食用物品);香料;调味剂(例如,蕃茄酱、芥菜和蛋黄酱);宠物食物;化妆品;个人护理产品(例如,牙膏、剃刮泡沫、皂、洗发剂、洗剂等);药物;芳香剂;电子元件;工业化学品或家用化学品(例如,衣物洗涤剂、织物软化剂);农用化学品;医疗器械和设备;医用液体;燃料和生物物质。
也可将薄膜切成狭窄的条带,并进一步拉伸以提供用作可降解缝合线的切膜纤维。
以下实施例为例证性的,不应将其视为是对本发明范围的限制。
实施例
以下实施例阐述了制备热成形制品的发明。在各表中,所有数据输入项均经测量。
实施例1
材料
PLA2002D粒料购自NatureWorks LLC(Minnetonka,MN USA),并且具有约1500Pa·s(190℃和100s-1)的熔融粘度、55℃的Tg、150℃下的熔点最大吸热值,无冷却结晶放热,并具有经第二次以10℃/分钟加热粒料所产生的约0.5J/g的升温结晶度,这些粒料之前在250℃下加热至完全熔融并冷却至20℃。
PLA4032D粒料也得自NatureWorks LLC,并具有58℃的Tg、166℃下的熔点最大吸热值以及约6J/g的结晶度,该结晶度使其可以比PLA2002D更快速地结晶。
亚乙基双硬脂酰胺(EBS)得自Aldrich。
硬脂酸得自Aldrich(Batch 11821LC),纯度为95%。
EBAGMA为高压釜制备的乙烯/丙烯酸正丁酯/甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯三元共聚物(单体比率:66.75重量%的乙烯、28重量%的丙烯酸正丁酯、5.25重量%的甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯,熔融指数为12dg/分钟,190℃,2.16kg载荷,熔融范围为50℃至80℃)。
分析设备和方法
连续熔融共混和非晶态片材挤出均在具有衣架模和水冷骤冷箱的Werner&Pfleiderer(W&P process)28mm三叶式双螺杆挤出机上完成。挤出机采用830mm长的螺杆。采用Foremost定体积粒料喂料机,以约10kg/hr至20kg/hr的速率将粒料和添加剂作为固体混合物从距离螺杆顶部约70mm处进行给料。该螺杆采用占其大部分长度的向前传送部分,并且其长度的约20%使用了捏合块。该装置在190℃至210℃的熔融温度下以125rpm运行。熔体穿过衣架模(20cm宽,具有0.76mm的模头间隙)。根据该实施例,熔融帘垂直下降约5cm,到达冷却至10℃至23℃的骤冷箱。以最小的熔融拉伸速率来设置骤冷箱的转速。通过改变聚合物给料的处理率,将片材厚度控制在介于约250微米和约750微米之间。
DSC为型号为Q1000的TA仪器(New Castle,Delaware),并在约9mg样品上操作,以10℃/分钟的速率从环境温度加热至250℃(对于在150℃至180℃下熔融的PLA而言)。首次加热可在聚合物结晶时产生结晶吸热,并且在较高温度下,产生聚合物晶体熔融放热。吸热值“J/g”减去放热值“J/g”为原始样品中结晶度的近似量度,用“J/g”表示。根据文献(R.E.Drumright et al,Advanced Materials 2000(12),#23,1841和Z.Kulinski,et al,Polymer 46(2005)10290-10300),100%结晶的PLA被视为100J/g。
将未受限制的样品暴露在下文公开的温度下例如30秒后,按纵向(拉伸方向)长度的百分比变化来测量收缩率。
样品的非结晶区和结晶区的取向和未取向含量通过x射线测量。
采用上文的x射线设备和方法测量微晶尺寸。采用Scherrer公式计算实际尺寸。
接近非晶态的PLA样品由厚度为表1所示的上述W&P处理设备制备。然后对样品进行热处理。使用110℃的压机压板,用小于137.9kPa(20psi)的压力将约1cm×1cm的样品的两侧接触2至40秒(时间不确定度为1秒)以避免样品拉伸。将样品立即(快于约0.5秒)移开并通过在20℃的表面上传导冷却使温度降至环境温度。产生的结晶量通过DSC(例如,熔融吸热值减去之前的升温结晶放热值)测定。在另一个方法中,DSC装置将样品以30℃/分钟的速率加热至110℃并保持0分钟或60秒。然后以30℃/分钟的速率将样品冷却至室温,并且以同样的速率再次加热样品。通过第二个加热循环(熔融吸热值减去结晶放热值)测量结晶度。
表1示出,即使使用成核剂,未取向的PLA树脂的结晶也要耗时超过40秒,从而生成25J/g或更大的结晶度。可以看出,含有二十二酰胺和EBAGMA的PLA具有协同作用。
表1
实施例2
流延片材由以下物质的固体粒料共混物制成:(1)PLA2002D,(2)70kgPLA2002D+1.4kg母料(重量比为50/50的二十二酰胺/EBAGMA;PLA2002D中二十二酰胺和EBAGMA的最终浓度各为2%),和(3)70kgPLA2002+2.8kg母料的固体粒料共混物(重量比为50/50的二十二酰胺/EBAGMA;PLA2002D中二十二酰胺和EBAGMA的最终浓度各为4%)。工艺条件涉及在11.4cm(4.5英寸)的单螺杆挤出机中采用190℃至205℃的设定温度,以约650kg/hr的速率熔融粒料。将熔体通过筛网片和齿轮泵给料至91cm宽的衣架模,该衣架模将其水平给料至控制在19℃、25℃和31℃(顶辊到底辊)的三辊修整机的辊隙中。按表2所示制备510μ厚的片材。
将这些片材从退绕辊给料,然后热成形(实际成形耗时约1秒),以制备约15.2cm×15.2cm×2.5cm(6英寸×6英寸×1英寸)的盘。盘的壁厚或底厚为约430μ。热成形设备和方法如下所述。
辐射加热器:热量仅得自上述加热器;热强度由电位差计控制,而温度不受此控制。片材的实际温度通过在烘箱中保持特定停留时间以及通过直接接触温度传感器人工确认片材温度来确定。
热模具:100℃或其他温度;模具开口向下并且模具中有6个位置;开放的模架将加热的片材朝向模具抬起,不碰触片材中待成形的那些部分。
冷模具:环境温度或可使其升至更高温度;连接计时,使得热模具中的时间总是与冷模具中的时间相同。
65℃和65℃的水浴:测试盘壁和盘底的收缩率,然后直接在水中暴露30至45秒。数据示于表2中。
该表意外地示出,成形片材在一秒钟内发生结晶,而未成形片材的结晶持续时间长得多。此外,该表示出即使结晶量未达到全部结晶能力(实施例1.5至2),低收缩率也是可能的。成形盘中额外结晶的发生多于该盘随附的未成形片材。
表2
在另一个实验中,使用为单个骤冷箱给料的30mm W&P双螺杆挤出机,将PLA2002D和PLA4032与50/50二十二酰胺/EBAGMA母料熔融共混。将熔体在190℃下以约13.6kg/hr(30lb/hr)的速率混合,并通过20.3cm(8英寸)宽的衣架模给料。用冷却水将骤冷箱控制在20℃。流延片材为0.41+/-0.03mm(16+/-1密尔)厚。将片材在Labformer分批式热成型机中热成形。在设置为230℃的黑体辐射加热器中,对片材的两个水平侧进行首次加热,停留时间为30秒。该停留时间使这些片材软化,这可通过其在自身重量下而向下弯曲来表明。该模具为环境温度下的铝材,设计用于9cm×13cm×2.2cm的盘。成形时间为约1秒,而在模具中的时间为0.5秒。这些成形条件使盘具有约0.28mm(11密尔)的底厚或壁厚。盘试验表明即使具有成核作用,采用冷模具也不能达到0%的收缩率。结果(表3)还表明,采用具有过高结晶量的片材(样品22)导致制品成形不良(即片材未完全成形并再生为模具几何形状)。在不受理论约束的情况下,使用冷模具或室温下的模具来模制这些片材。因此,非晶态拉伸分子在盘中保持非晶态拉伸。将该盘加热至Tg以上时,这些分子瞬间弛豫并导致收缩。因此,需要热模具来消除非晶态拉伸分子。还需要添加剂,以使制品在热模具中结晶或充分硬化,从而能够从热模具中移除而不变形。
表3
在另一个实验中,采用与上述相同的片材和热成形设备,不同的是将模具加热至100℃。结果(表4)表明,在没有添加剂的情况下,PLA片材需要极长的时间来充分“硬化”,以便从模具中移除时不会因移除力而变形。这些结果还表明了加热模具的重要性。结果进一步表明,加入添加剂使得可以用加热模具来达到0%的收缩率。表4表明,在PLA中加入添加剂使制品在热模具中的时间减少至少于约40秒。
表4
实施例3
此实施例示出了使用PLA4032制备热成形杯的结果。制备100%PLA4032D(24)的样品(21)。PLA4032D包含1%二十二酰胺和1%EBAGMA。
在220℃下,通过在以50rpm运行的3.8cm(1.5英寸)单螺杆挤出机中进行挤出来制备流延片材。熔体流经具有0.76mm(30密尔)模头间隙的15.3cm(6英寸宽)的衣架模,进入三辊冷却修整机的辊隙。所得片材为约0.58+/-0.5mm(23+/-2密尔)厚。通过与设置为127℃至132℃的加热金属压板直接接触,对片材的一侧进行首次加热,从而将片材加工成直径为5.9cm、深度为5.25cm的碗。通过切下碗壁的一部分并直接在60℃的水中暴露320秒来确定碗的收缩率。从碗壁部分的长度变化得到收缩百分比的值。将碗壁其他部分的两侧在100℃的加热平板上暴露不同的时间间隔,同时通过机械挡块限制纵向收缩。测量这些加热样品的收缩率。如表5所示,采用较长持续时间的受限热处理降低了60℃下的收缩百分比。
表5
表5(续)
在另一个实验中,将PLA共混物配混并挤压成0.46+/-0.05mm(18+/-2密尔)的流延片材。配混在30mm的W&P双螺杆挤出机中完成,该挤出机以150rpm运行并采用190℃的设定温度。在9.1kg/hr(20lb/hr)的速率下,熔体达到约230℃。该熔体通过衣架模挤出,得到20.3cm(8英寸)宽的帘,将其喂入用10℃的流入冷却水运行的骤冷箱,冷却水在流出骤冷箱时的温度为16℃。对流延片材的DSC分析表明,根据二十二酰胺或母料的量,使用二十二酰胺的流延片材的固有结晶度为6至18J/g。未改性的PLA或硬脂酸改性的PLA的固有结晶度为0J/g,这意味着它们均为100%的非晶态片材。DSC分析(表6)涉及将片材-样品加热至250℃并冷却,然后以10℃/分钟的速率重新加热,其结果表明改性后的片材在120秒的持续时间内产生结晶度,在该持续时间内对样品进行第二次升温,将其加热到20℃的结晶窗范围内。
表6
将以上接近非晶态的流延片材在如上所述的Labformer上热成形。将黑体辐射加热器设置为190℃。按照处于烘箱中的时间对片材温度进行校准(直接接触温度传感器),校准建立方式如下:20秒时片材为67℃;30秒时为75℃;40秒时为87℃;并且50秒时为100℃。将盘式模具加热至110℃。表7表明,未进行预结晶的片材会粘附到模具上,并且这种片材过于柔软,在移除时容易发生变形。结果还表明,具有18J/g或更大结晶度的片材不能成形或装入模具中。在60℃的蒸馏水中暴露30秒后,所有模塑制品均表现出0%的收缩率。示出的模制盘结晶度有所增加。
表7
通过在位于冷却骤冷箱上方的双螺杆挤出机上配混制成流延片材。测量流延片材的结晶度。表8示出,在多种二十二酰胺浓度下,二十二酰胺和EBAGMA一起产生所需的结晶量(未偏高)。BA表示二十二酰胺。
表8
Claims (9)
1.方法,所述方法包括:挤出组合物以制备第一制品;在具有≥90℃温度的加热模具中热成形所述第一制品以制备第二制品;和通过将所述第二制品在所述加热模具中保持少于40秒以对所述第二制品进行热处理以制备热成形制品,其中聚(羟基链烷酸)组合物包含或基本上由聚(羟基链烷酸)和按所述组合物的重量计0至4%的成核剂组成;所述第一制品为薄膜或片材并且部分地结晶。
2.权利要求1的方法,其中
将所述第一制品保持在具有≥约95℃的温度的加热模具中;
所述热成形制品具有至少10%的结晶度;
所述组合物包含聚(羟基链烷酸)、按所述组合物的重量计0至4%的成核剂、和任选的抗冲改性剂;
所述成核剂包括一种或多种羧酸,或者如果所述组合物包含乙烯共聚物,则所述成核剂包括所述羧酸的烷基酯、所述羧酸的烷基酰胺、或它们的组合;并且所述羧酸包括芳族羧酸、脂族羧酸、聚羧酸,脂族羟基羧酸、或它们中的两种或更多种的组合;并且
所述抗冲改性剂包括乙烯共聚物、核-壳聚合物、或它们的组合,其中所述乙烯共聚物包含来源于以下物质的重复单元:(a)乙烯;(b)一种或多种式CH2=C(R3)CO2R4的烯烃,R3为氢或具有1至6个碳原子的烷基,并且R4为缩水甘油基;以及任选地(c)一种或多种式CH2=C(R1)CO2R2的烯烃,或一氧化碳,其中R1为氢或具有1至8个碳原子的烷基,并且R2为具有1至8个碳原子的烷基,诸如甲基、乙基或丁基。
3.权利要求2的方法,其中将所述第一制品保持在具有90℃至140℃温度的加热模具中,并且所述成核剂在所述组合物中的含量为0.1%至4%。
4.权利要求1、2或3的方法,其中
所述聚(羟基链烷酸)包含来源于具有五个或更少碳原子的羟基链烷酸的重复单元,并且所述成核剂在所述组合物中的含量为0.5%至4%;并且
所述聚(羟基链烷酸)包含来源于以下物质的重复单元:乙醇酸、乳酸、3-羟基丙酸、2-羟基丁酸、3-羟基丁酸、4-羟基丁酸、3-羟基戊酸、4-羟基戊酸、5-羟基戊酸、或它们中的两种或更多种的组合,并且所述成核剂在所述组合物中的含量为约1%至约4%。
5.权利要求1、2、3或4的方法,其中
所述组合物包含包括所述乙烯共聚物的抗冲改性剂;
所述聚(羟基链烷酸)包括聚乙醇酸、聚乳酸、聚羟基丁酸、聚(羟基-丁酸酯-戊酸酯)共聚物、乙醇酸和乳酸、羟基戊酸、5-羟基戊酸、或它们中的两种或更多种的组合的共聚物;
所述成核剂包括脂族单官能羧酸;并且
所述成核剂在所述组合物中的含量为0.5%至3%并且包括脂族单官能羧酸。
6.权利要求5的方法,其中所述聚(羟基链烷酸)为所述聚乳酸;所述乙烯共聚物包含来源于乙烯、(甲基)丙烯酸烷基酯和任选的(甲基)丙烯酸缩水甘油酯的重复单元;所述成核剂包括硬脂酸、二十二烷酸、二十二酰胺、芥酸、亚乙基双硬脂酰胺、或它们中的两种或更多种的组合;并且所述成核剂在所述组合物中的含量为1%至2%。
7.权利要求6的方法,其中所述抗冲改性剂为乙烯、丙烯酸丁酯和甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯的共聚物,并且所述成核剂为硬脂酸或二十二酰胺。
8.权利要求1、2、3、4、5、6或7的方法,其中所述组合物为浓缩的母料,所述母料包含25%至50%的硬脂酸、二十二酰胺、或它们两者,以及50%至75%的聚(羟基链烷酸)。
9.权利要求1、2、3、4、5、6、7或8的方法,其中所述第二制品在所述加热模具中保持少于30秒、少于20秒、或少于15秒。
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US5154108P | 2008-05-08 | 2008-05-08 | |
US61/051541 | 2008-05-08 | ||
PCT/US2009/043218 WO2009137730A1 (en) | 2008-05-08 | 2009-05-08 | Poly(hydroxyalkanoic acid) and thermoformed articles |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
CN102015250A true CN102015250A (zh) | 2011-04-13 |
Family
ID=40897320
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
CN2009801164542A Pending CN102015250A (zh) | 2008-05-08 | 2009-05-08 | 聚(羟基链烷酸)和热成形制品 |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US8110138B2 (zh) |
EP (1) | EP2321111A1 (zh) |
JP (1) | JP2011519760A (zh) |
CN (1) | CN102015250A (zh) |
AU (1) | AU2009244157A1 (zh) |
WO (1) | WO2009137730A1 (zh) |
Cited By (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
TWI582160B (zh) * | 2012-05-18 | 2017-05-11 | Kao Corp | Polypropylene resin sheet for thermoforming |
CN110607056A (zh) * | 2019-08-27 | 2019-12-24 | 江苏理工学院 | 一种热塑性弹性体改性聚(β-羟基丁酸戊酸酯)材料的制备方法 |
CN112980027A (zh) * | 2021-03-09 | 2021-06-18 | 宁波大学 | 一种高力学性能phbv的制备方法 |
CN113286692A (zh) * | 2019-01-09 | 2021-08-20 | 普拉克生化公司 | 基于pla的制品的热成型 |
CN114989586A (zh) * | 2022-06-02 | 2022-09-02 | 北京蓝晶微生物科技有限公司 | 含醇类成核剂的聚羟基烷酸酯组合物、聚羟基烷酸酯成型体及其制备方法 |
WO2024060635A1 (zh) * | 2022-09-22 | 2024-03-28 | 北京蓝晶微生物科技有限公司 | 含羟基酸类成核剂的聚羟基烷酸酯组合物、聚羟基烷酸酯成型体及其制备方法 |
Families Citing this family (16)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20110028622A1 (en) * | 2009-07-28 | 2011-02-03 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Poly(hydroxyalkanoic acid) blown film |
WO2011025028A1 (ja) * | 2009-08-31 | 2011-03-03 | 株式会社クレハ | 積層体およびそれを用いた延伸積層体 |
US8828895B2 (en) * | 2010-08-25 | 2014-09-09 | Nonwoven Network LLC | Webs of bi-component and mono-component Co-PLA fibers |
PL2484510T5 (pl) | 2011-02-04 | 2023-05-15 | Mosca Gmbh | Sposób zgrzewania surowców odnawialnych |
US9045611B2 (en) * | 2011-03-04 | 2015-06-02 | Cryovac, Inc. | Process for preparing a heat resistant polylactic acid foamed article |
JP5414875B2 (ja) * | 2011-11-11 | 2014-02-12 | 日本合成化学工業株式会社 | 生分解性積層体 |
US20140091490A1 (en) * | 2012-10-03 | 2014-04-03 | International Paper Company | Process for manufacturing articles comprising polylactic acid polymers having improved heat resistance |
US10125205B2 (en) | 2012-12-19 | 2018-11-13 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Cross-linkable acid copolymer composition and its use in glass laminates |
US9687585B2 (en) | 2013-08-20 | 2017-06-27 | Tepha, Inc. | Thermoformed poly-4-hydroxybutyrate medical implants |
HUE051611T2 (hu) * | 2013-12-12 | 2021-03-01 | Hollister Inc | Toalettben lehúzható katéterek |
US20150376310A1 (en) | 2014-06-26 | 2015-12-31 | E.I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Ethylene acid copolymers, their ionomers, and their use in packaging films and injection molded articles |
ES2661648T3 (es) | 2014-08-20 | 2018-04-02 | Tepha, Inc. | Implantes médicos de poli-4-hidroxibutirato termoformados |
CN114989583A (zh) * | 2022-05-20 | 2022-09-02 | 北京蓝晶微生物科技有限公司 | 聚羟基烷酸酯的酸类成核剂及聚羟基烷酸酯成型体 |
CN115044180B (zh) * | 2022-08-12 | 2022-12-06 | 北京蓝晶微生物科技有限公司 | 包含结晶促进剂的聚羟基烷酸酯组合物和成型体 |
CN115157478B (zh) * | 2022-09-02 | 2022-12-06 | 北京蓝晶微生物科技有限公司 | 一种可降解材料的造粒加工方法及其制备的成型体 |
WO2024074459A1 (en) * | 2022-10-03 | 2024-04-11 | Totalenergies Corbion Bv | Process for preparing crystallized polylactide |
Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US6417294B1 (en) * | 1995-12-21 | 2002-07-09 | Mitsui Chemicals, Inc. | Films and molded articles formed from aliphatic polyester compositions containing nucleating agents |
WO2002072335A1 (de) * | 2001-03-09 | 2002-09-19 | Trespaphan Gmbh | Verfahren zur herstellung von biologisch abbaubaren verpackungen aus biaxial verstreckten folien |
US20050131120A1 (en) * | 2003-12-12 | 2005-06-16 | Flexman Edmund A. | Toughened poly(lactic acid) compositions |
JP2006348060A (ja) * | 2005-06-13 | 2006-12-28 | Cp Kasei Kk | 熱可塑性樹脂製発泡シート、およびこのシート製容器の製造方法 |
EP1887044A1 (en) * | 2005-05-12 | 2008-02-13 | Mitsui Chemicals, Inc. | Lactic acid polymer composition, molded article made of same, and method for producing such molded article |
Family Cites Families (20)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPH0623836A (ja) | 1992-07-09 | 1994-02-01 | Shimadzu Corp | ポリ乳酸延伸フィルムの製造方法 |
JPH06160314A (ja) | 1992-11-26 | 1994-06-07 | Hitachi Ltd | 表面分析法及びその装置 |
JPH09286909A (ja) | 1996-04-23 | 1997-11-04 | Mitsui Toatsu Chem Inc | 農業用乳酸系ポリマーフィルム |
JP3693756B2 (ja) | 1996-05-27 | 2005-09-07 | カネボウ株式会社 | ポリ乳酸樹脂組成物 |
JPH11240962A (ja) | 1998-02-24 | 1999-09-07 | Nippon Shokubai Co Ltd | 成形加工性の改良されたポリエステル樹脂組成物からなる成形体 |
US6114495A (en) | 1998-04-01 | 2000-09-05 | Cargill Incorporated | Lactic acid residue containing polymer composition and product having improved stability, and method for preparation and use thereof |
WO2000023520A1 (en) | 1998-10-20 | 2000-04-27 | Eastman Chemical Company | Polyester articles having improved impact strength |
EP1038906B1 (en) | 1999-03-26 | 2004-01-21 | Toyo Boseki Kabushiki Kaisha | Polylactic acid film |
JP3236842B2 (ja) | 1999-10-27 | 2001-12-10 | 三菱樹脂株式会社 | 生分解性袋 |
WO2001070846A1 (fr) | 2000-03-22 | 2001-09-27 | Dainippon Ink And Chemicals, Inc. | Antichoc et composition polyester contenant ledit antichoc |
JP3410075B2 (ja) | 2000-11-17 | 2003-05-26 | ユニチカ株式会社 | 結晶性ポリ乳酸樹脂組成物、これを用いたフィルムおよびシート |
US7268190B2 (en) | 2001-08-03 | 2007-09-11 | Toray Industries, Inc. | Resin composition comprising polylactic acid and polyacetal and a molded article, film, and fiber each comprising the same |
AU2002344595B2 (en) | 2001-11-01 | 2006-06-01 | Asahi Kasei Life & Living Corporation | Biaxially oriented polylactic acid-based resin films |
DE60332335D1 (de) | 2002-03-29 | 2010-06-10 | Mitsui Chemicals Inc | Auf milchsäure basierende harzzusammensetzung |
US6943214B2 (en) | 2003-05-13 | 2005-09-13 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Toughened polyoxymethylene-poly(lactic acid) compositions |
KR101043137B1 (ko) | 2003-05-13 | 2011-06-20 | 이 아이 듀폰 디 네모아 앤드 캄파니 | 강화된 폴리옥시메틸렌-폴리(락트산) 조성물 |
US7301000B2 (en) * | 2004-09-15 | 2007-11-27 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Nucleating agents for polyhydroxyalkanoates |
JP2007145937A (ja) | 2005-11-25 | 2007-06-14 | Matsushita Electric Works Ltd | 樹脂組成物の製造方法及び樹脂成形品 |
US20080033077A1 (en) * | 2005-12-14 | 2008-02-07 | Kaneka Corporation | Biodegradable Resin Compositions and Molded Objects Thereof |
US20090099313A1 (en) | 2007-10-10 | 2009-04-16 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Poly(hydroxyalkanoic acid) and thermoformed articles |
-
2009
- 2009-05-06 US US12/436,310 patent/US8110138B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2009-05-08 EP EP09743716A patent/EP2321111A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2009-05-08 WO PCT/US2009/043218 patent/WO2009137730A1/en active Application Filing
- 2009-05-08 JP JP2011508691A patent/JP2011519760A/ja not_active Abandoned
- 2009-05-08 CN CN2009801164542A patent/CN102015250A/zh active Pending
- 2009-05-08 AU AU2009244157A patent/AU2009244157A1/en not_active Abandoned
Patent Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US6417294B1 (en) * | 1995-12-21 | 2002-07-09 | Mitsui Chemicals, Inc. | Films and molded articles formed from aliphatic polyester compositions containing nucleating agents |
WO2002072335A1 (de) * | 2001-03-09 | 2002-09-19 | Trespaphan Gmbh | Verfahren zur herstellung von biologisch abbaubaren verpackungen aus biaxial verstreckten folien |
US20050131120A1 (en) * | 2003-12-12 | 2005-06-16 | Flexman Edmund A. | Toughened poly(lactic acid) compositions |
EP1887044A1 (en) * | 2005-05-12 | 2008-02-13 | Mitsui Chemicals, Inc. | Lactic acid polymer composition, molded article made of same, and method for producing such molded article |
JP2006348060A (ja) * | 2005-06-13 | 2006-12-28 | Cp Kasei Kk | 熱可塑性樹脂製発泡シート、およびこのシート製容器の製造方法 |
Cited By (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
TWI582160B (zh) * | 2012-05-18 | 2017-05-11 | Kao Corp | Polypropylene resin sheet for thermoforming |
CN113286692A (zh) * | 2019-01-09 | 2021-08-20 | 普拉克生化公司 | 基于pla的制品的热成型 |
CN113286692B (zh) * | 2019-01-09 | 2023-12-26 | 普拉克生化公司 | 基于pla的制品的热成型 |
CN110607056A (zh) * | 2019-08-27 | 2019-12-24 | 江苏理工学院 | 一种热塑性弹性体改性聚(β-羟基丁酸戊酸酯)材料的制备方法 |
CN112980027A (zh) * | 2021-03-09 | 2021-06-18 | 宁波大学 | 一种高力学性能phbv的制备方法 |
CN114989586A (zh) * | 2022-06-02 | 2022-09-02 | 北京蓝晶微生物科技有限公司 | 含醇类成核剂的聚羟基烷酸酯组合物、聚羟基烷酸酯成型体及其制备方法 |
WO2024060635A1 (zh) * | 2022-09-22 | 2024-03-28 | 北京蓝晶微生物科技有限公司 | 含羟基酸类成核剂的聚羟基烷酸酯组合物、聚羟基烷酸酯成型体及其制备方法 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP2321111A1 (en) | 2011-05-18 |
US8110138B2 (en) | 2012-02-07 |
JP2011519760A (ja) | 2011-07-14 |
AU2009244157A1 (en) | 2009-11-12 |
US20090278279A1 (en) | 2009-11-12 |
WO2009137730A1 (en) | 2009-11-12 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
US8110138B2 (en) | Poly(hydroxyalkanoic acid) and thermoformed articles | |
US20090099313A1 (en) | Poly(hydroxyalkanoic acid) and thermoformed articles | |
US8586649B2 (en) | Poly(hydroxyalkanoic acid) and articles therewith | |
US7786210B2 (en) | Plasticized poly(hydroxyalkanoic acid) composition | |
JP6609667B2 (ja) | Pllaおよびpdlaを含むポリマー組成物 | |
JP4256779B2 (ja) | ポリグリコール酸組成物 | |
US20090110859A1 (en) | Poly(hydroxyalkanoic acid) composition | |
WO2004058893A1 (ja) | 熱成形用ポリ乳酸系重合体組成物、熱成形用ポリ乳酸系重合体シート、及びこれを用いた熱成形体 | |
US20110028622A1 (en) | Poly(hydroxyalkanoic acid) blown film | |
JPH11116785A (ja) | 成形体及びその製造方法 | |
US8349955B2 (en) | Poly(hydroxyalkanoic acid) plasticized with poly(trimethylene ether) glycol | |
JP2023073820A (ja) | 延伸フィルムの製造方法 | |
TW200400114A (en) | Multilayer stretched product | |
JP3674594B2 (ja) | 乳酸系共重合ポリエステルからなる包装材料 | |
US8182734B1 (en) | Thermoformed articles and compositions of poly(hydroxyalkanoic acid) and polyoxymethylene | |
JPH11116784A (ja) | 成形体及びその製造方法 | |
WO2024262377A1 (ja) | フィルム | |
WO2025013664A1 (ja) | 押出フィルム | |
WO2023090175A1 (ja) | 延伸フィルムの製造方法 | |
JP2025001853A (ja) | 延伸フィルム | |
WO2023090176A1 (ja) | 延伸フィルム及びその製造方法 | |
WO2024262376A1 (ja) | フィルム | |
WO2014148226A1 (ja) | 成形体、及びその製造方法 | |
JP2025005105A (ja) | フィルム | |
WO2024262378A1 (ja) | 延伸フィルム |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
C06 | Publication | ||
PB01 | Publication | ||
C10 | Entry into substantive examination | ||
SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
C02 | Deemed withdrawal of patent application after publication (patent law 2001) | ||
WD01 | Invention patent application deemed withdrawn after publication |
Application publication date: 20110413 |