CN101981128A - 阻燃聚烯烃/热塑性聚氨酯组合物 - Google Patents

阻燃聚烯烃/热塑性聚氨酯组合物 Download PDF

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CN101981128A
CN101981128A CN2009801116572A CN200980111657A CN101981128A CN 101981128 A CN101981128 A CN 101981128A CN 2009801116572 A CN2009801116572 A CN 2009801116572A CN 200980111657 A CN200980111657 A CN 200980111657A CN 101981128 A CN101981128 A CN 101981128A
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杰弗里·布朗
罗伯特·伊顿
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Union Carbide Chemicals and Plastics Technology LLC
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Abstract

本发明是阻燃聚烯烃/热塑性聚氨酯制剂，其从聚烯烃、热塑性聚氨酯和泡沸的多磷酸盐阻燃剂组分制得，或包含前述物质。本发明的体系达到伸长率＞400％和拉伸强度＞1500psi，而相同的聚烯烃仅达到100％伸长率和＜1000psi拉伸强度。同样，与可比较的仅含TPU的组合物相比，本发明显示了改进的带挤出性能，这表明用于挤出应用的改进的熔体流变学/制造能力。

Description

阻燃聚烯烃/热塑性聚氨酯组合物
本发明涉及用于电线电缆应用的阻燃制剂。具体地说，本发明涉及用于电线护套、电缆护套、挤出片材、和挤出型材的无卤素阻燃聚烯烃/热塑性聚氨酯制剂。
基于金属氢氧化物的聚烯烃化合物和基于泡沸剂的聚烯烃化合物不能同时达到工业要求的燃烧和机械性能。特别是，加入40-50wt％的含量的阻燃填料来达到良好的燃烧测试性能将导致得到的聚烯烃化合物具有差的机械性能。同样，期望提供具有优越的机械性能的聚烯烃组合物，如高伸长率、高挠性(低模量)、良好的拉伸强度、和改进的形变温度以及优越的燃烧性能。
最终，提供了本发明的组合物，其包含聚烯烃、热塑性聚氨酯、和泡沸的多磷酸盐阻燃剂。具体地说，本发明达到伸长率＞400％和拉伸强度＞1500psi，而相同的聚烯烃仅达到100％伸长率和＜1000psi拉伸强度。同样，与可比较的仅含TPU的组合物相比，本发明显示了改进的带挤出性能，这表明用于挤出应用的改进的熔体流变学/制造能力。本发明在电线电缆护套和其它挤出制品，如片材和型材的制备中特别有用。
本发明的组合物包含聚烯烃、热塑性聚氨酯、和泡沸的多磷酸盐阻燃剂组分。优选的是，本发明描述的组合物是无卤素的。
聚烯烃可以是极性的、非极性的、或其混合物。聚烯烃的存在量为约5～约90wt％。
适宜的极性聚烯烃包括(i)乙烯和不饱和酯的共聚物，(ii)乙烯和不饱和酸(如丙烯酸或甲基丙烯酸)的共聚物，(iii)乙烯和乙烯基硅烷(如乙烯基三甲氧基硅烷和乙烯基三乙氧基硅烷)的共聚物，和(iv)任意这些共聚单体的互聚物。优选的是，聚烯烃是乙烯和不饱和酯的极性的共聚物。
由酯共聚单体构成的共聚物的部分按重量可以是基于共聚物的重量的约5％～约50％，并且优选的是按重量约15％～约40％。乙烯/不饱和酯共聚物的熔体指数可以是约0.5～约50克每10分钟。
当不饱和酯是丙烯酸烷基酯或甲基丙烯酸烷基酯时，烷基基团可以具有1～8个碳原子，并且优选的是具有1～4个碳原子。丙烯酸酯和甲基丙烯酸酯的实例是丙烯酸乙酯、丙烯酸甲酯、甲基丙烯酸甲酯、丙烯酸叔丁酯、丙烯酸正丁酯、甲基丙烯酸正丁酯、和丙烯酸2-乙基己基酯。
当不包和酯是羧酸乙烯基酯时，羧酸酯基团可以具有2～8个碳原子，并且优选的是具有2～5个碳原子。羧酸乙烯基酯的实例是醋酸乙烯基酯、丙酸乙烯基酯、和丁酸乙烯基酯。
适宜的非极性聚烯烃包括(i)乙烯的均聚物，(ii)乙烯和一种或多种α-烯烃、和任选的二烯的共聚物，(iii)乙烯与一氧化碳、丙烯、和丁烯的共聚物，(iv)丙烯的均聚物，(v)丙烯和其它烯烃的共聚物，和(vi)丙烯、乙烯、和二烯的三元共聚物。
热塑性聚氨酯聚合物是本领域已知的，并且典型地通过线形羟基封端的多元醇、有机二异氰酸酯、和增链剂的反应得到。本发明有用的热塑性聚氨酯(TPUs)包括聚酯TPUs和聚醚TPUs。
特别是，聚酯TPUs可以用二酸(如己二酸)和二醇(如乙二醇、丙二醇、和丁二醇)来制备，聚醚TPUs可以用聚环氧乙烷、环氧丙烷、和环氧丁烷的多元醇来制备。TPU的存在量是约0.1～95wt％。
泡沸的多磷酸盐阻燃剂组分是下述物质的共混物：(i)泡沸的含氮多磷酸盐和(ii)三聚氰胺或三聚氰胺衍生的共添加剂。优选的是，泡沸的含氮多磷酸盐是多磷酸铵、哌嗪多磷酸盐、或其衍生物。更优选的是，泡沸的含氮多磷酸盐是哌嗪多磷酸盐。作为膨胀阻燃剂，当暴露于火焰时，含氮多磷酸盐具有膨胀和炭化的特征。泡沸的多磷酸盐阻燃剂组分的存在量为约0.1～约70wt％。
本发明的组合物可以进一步包含其它非卤素阻燃剂，如金属氧化物、金属氧化物水合物、金属碳酸盐、碳酸盐以及酸或酸产生的物质、胶粘剂、脲、和多元醇。
组合物可以进一步包含其它聚合物，如非烯烃聚合物、聚氯乙烯、酯-醚嵌段共聚物、酯/酰胺嵌段共聚物、烯烃嵌段共聚物、和工程塑料(如聚碳酸酯、聚砜、和聚酰亚胺)。组合物还可以进一步包含其它添加剂，如矿物和过氧化物。
在另一种实施方式中，本发明是电缆，其包含一个或多个电导体或一个或多个电导体的芯，每个导体或芯由包含本申请所描述的阻燃聚烯烃/热塑性聚氨酯组合物的阻燃层包围。
再在另一种实施方式中，本发明是包含本申请描述的阻燃聚烯烃/热塑性聚氨酯组合物的挤出制品。
实施例
下面非限制性的实施例阐明本发明。
测试
(1)屈服强度(psi)；
(2)拉伸强度@峰值(psi)；
(3)拉伸强度@断裂(psi)；
(4)伸长率@断裂(％)；
(5)1％正割模量(psi)；
(6)2％正割模量(psi)；
(7)5％正割模量(psi)；和
(8)未点燃标记(Not Burn Flag)的燃烧性质；
(9)到达标记的时间(sec)；
(10)总时间的燃烧性质(秒)；
(11)不完全燃烧；
(12)未炭化的(mm在标记之下)；
(13)无燃烧滴落；
(14)高熔体流动，其中1无流动(最好)，5高流动；和
(15)总等级**；最好的(1)＞＞最差的(5)，其中#1无燃烧滴落；#2炭化长度；#3a无熔体流动；#3b未点燃标记；#3c到达标记的时间。
燃烧测试
燃烧测试通过45秒垂直UL94点燃@底部的垂直条测试实施。将测试试条制备成具有嵌入电线和8″长的75-mil试验样片的100-mil条。
示例的组合物
使用下面的组分制备测试试条：
(1)PELLETHANETM 2102-75A己内酯聚酯热塑性聚氨酯，具有77A的肖氏A硬度、1.17的比重，并且得自Dow Chemical Company；
(2)PELLETHANETM 2103-80AE聚醚热塑性聚氨酯，具有82A的肖氏A硬度、1.13的比重，并且得自Dow Chemical Company；
(3)ELVAXTM 40L-03乙烯/醋酸乙烯酯共聚物，具有40％含量的醋酸乙烯酯和在190摄氏度和2.16kg测量的3dg/m的熔体指数，得自E.I.du Pont de Nemours and Company；和
(4)FP-2100TM泡沸的含氮的基于多磷酸盐的阻燃剂，其为哌嗪多磷酸盐和磷酸化合物的共混物，并且得自Amfine Chemical Corporation或Adeka Corporation.
表1显示两个对比例(对比例1和2)和三个本发明的实施例(实施例3-5)。每个量以重量百分数表示。
期望的机械性能包括拉伸强度＞1500psi和伸长率＞200％。对于阻燃性能，或更低的总燃烧等级是可接受的。
表1
Figure BPA00001232829000041
  未完全烧尽   2/3   2/3   2/3   2/3   3/3
  未炭化的(在标记之下mm)   45   50   30   38   57
  无燃烧滴落   2/3   0/3   3/3   3/3   3/3
  高熔体流动   3.5   5   2   1.5   3
  总等级   3   4   2   2   2

Claims (9)

1.一种阻燃聚烯烃/热塑性聚氨酯组合物，包含：
(a)聚烯烃；
(b)热塑性聚氨酯；和
(c)泡沸的多磷酸盐阻燃剂组分。
2.权利要求1中所述的阻燃聚烯烃/热塑性聚氨酯组合物，其中所述组合物是无卤素的。
3.权利要求1或权利要求2中所述的阻燃聚烯烃/热塑性聚氨酯组合物，其中所述聚烯烃是极性的。
4.权利要求3中所述的阻燃聚烯烃/热塑性聚氨酯组合物，其中所述极性的聚烯烃是乙烯和不饱和酯的共聚物。
5.权利要求1或权利要求2中所述的阻燃聚烯烃/热塑性聚氨酯组合物，其中所述泡沸的多磷酸盐阻燃剂组分包含：
(i)泡沸的含氮的多磷酸盐，和
(ii)三聚氰胺或三聚氰胺衍生的共添加剂。
6.权利要求5中所述的阻燃聚烯烃/热塑性聚氨酯组合物，其中所述泡沸的含氮的多磷酸盐选自多磷酸铵和哌嗪多磷酸盐。
7.权利要求6中所述的阻燃聚烯烃/热塑性聚氨酯组合物，其中所述泡沸的含氮的多磷酸盐是哌嗪多磷酸盐。
8.一种电缆，包含一个或多个电导体或一个或多个电导体的芯，每个导体或芯由包含根据权利要求1～7中任一项所述的阻燃聚烯烃/热塑性聚氨酯组合物的阻燃层包围。
9.一种挤出制品，包含根据权利要求1～7中任一项所述的阻燃聚烯烃/热塑性聚氨酯组合物。
CN2009801116572A 2008-02-08 2009-02-05 阻燃聚烯烃/热塑性聚氨酯组合物 Pending CN101981128A (zh)

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US20110011616A1 (en) 2011-01-20
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JP2011511149A (ja) 2011-04-07
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