CN101959683A - 多层物品 - Google Patents

多层物品 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN101959683A
CN101959683A CN2009801041947A CN200980104194A CN101959683A CN 101959683 A CN101959683 A CN 101959683A CN 2009801041947 A CN2009801041947 A CN 2009801041947A CN 200980104194 A CN200980104194 A CN 200980104194A CN 101959683 A CN101959683 A CN 101959683A
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China
Prior art keywords
layer
article
type surface
ground floor
adhesive phase
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CN2009801041947A
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CN101959683B (zh
Inventor
P·A.·柯克二世
R·A.·詹姆凯
R·G.·普莱伊顿
J·G·德罗伯尼
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Saint Gobain Performance Plastics Corp
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Saint Gobain Performance Plastics Corp
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Abstract

本发明披露是针对一种物品，该物品包括第一层、第二层以及第三层。第一层包括具有第一主表面以及第二主表面的一种氟聚合物。第二层覆盖第一层的第一主表面并且包括一个粘合剂层。第三层覆盖第二层并且包括一种聚合材料。该物品具有按照ASTM D751测量的大于200N的破裂性能以及按照ASTM F739测量的大于约1小时的化学品渗透贯穿检测时间。本发明披露进一步针对一种形成上述多层物品的方法。

Description

多层物品
技术领域
本披露总体上涉及多层物品以及用于制造此类物品的方法。
背景技术
低表面能的聚合物，如氟聚合物，展现了良好的化学隔离特性，展现了对由暴露于化学品中而造成的损伤的抵抗性，具有对污迹的抵抗性，证明了对由暴露于环境条件中而造成的损伤的抵抗性，并且典型地形成了一种防粘表面(release surface)。尽管此类低表面能的聚合物是有需要的，但是这些聚合物趋于昂贵。另外，此类聚合物展现了低的润湿特性，该湿润特性给予它们形成一种防粘表面、与其他聚合物基底较差地粘连的趋势。
对于特定的多层物品应用，制造商们已经转向高温处理以及高温进行接缝。例如，典型地使用过度地是350°F的温度。不幸地是，这些高温经常超过许多希望的基底的熔化温度。因此，已经典型地在商业上将聚合物粘附在高熔化温度的基底上。这些多层物品典型地是昂贵的，因为它们限于高熔化温度的基底。商业上，对于氟聚合物粘附在通常更有成本效益的低熔化温度的基底上存在相当的困难。
因此，将令人希望的是提供一种改进的多层物品连同用于制造这样一种多层物品的方法两者。
发明内容
在一个实施方案中，提供一种物品。该物品包括一个第一层，其中该第一层包括一种氟聚合物，该氟聚合物具有一个第一主表面以及一个第二主表面。一个第二层覆盖第一层的第一主表面、并且包括一个粘合剂层。一个第三层覆盖第二层、并且包括一种聚合材料。该物品具有按照ASTM D751测量的大于约200N的破裂性能以及按照ASTM F739测量的大于约1小时的化学品渗透贯穿检测时间(chemical permeation breakthrough detection time)。
在另一个示例性实施方案中，提供一种物品。该物品包括一个第一层，其中该第一层包括一种氟聚合物，该氟聚合物具有一个第一主表面以及一个第二主表面。一个第二层覆盖第一层的第一主表面、并且包括一个粘合剂层。一个第三层覆盖第二层、并且包括一种聚合材料。该物品具有如根据ASTM D751测量的大于约3.0kN/m的拉伸强度以及按照ASTM F739测量的大于约1小时的化学品渗透贯穿检测时间。
在一个另外的示例性实施方案中，提供一种物品。该物品包括一个第一层，其中该第一层包括一种氟聚合物，该氟聚合物具有一个第一主表面以及一个第二主表面的。一个第二层覆盖第一层的第一主表面、并且包括一个热塑性粘合剂层。该热塑性粘合剂层具有不大于约300°F的熔化温度。一个第三层覆盖第二层、并且包括一个聚合层。
在一个实施方案中，提供一种形成多层物品的方法。该方法包括提供一个第一层、一个第二层、以及一个第三层。第一层包括一种氟聚合物，该氟聚合物具有一个第一主表面以及一个第二主表面。一个第二层覆盖第一层的第一主表面、并且包括一个粘合剂层。一个第三层直接接触第二层、并且包括一个热塑性层。该方法进一步包括将该多层物品加热至不大于约350°F的温度。
附图说明
通过参见附图可以更好地理解本披露，并且使其许多特征和优点对于本领域技术人员变得清楚。
图1、图2和3包括示例性多层物品的的图示。
具体实施方式
在一个具体实施方案中，一种物品包括具有第一主表面和第二主表面的一个第一层。该第一层包括一种氟聚合物。该物品进一步包括覆盖该第一主表面的一个第二层。该第二层是一个粘合剂层。此外，该物品包括覆盖第二层的一个第三层。在一个实施方案中，该物品的第三层是一个聚合层。
在第一层中使用的一种示例性的氟聚合物可以是由一种均聚物、共聚物、三聚物、或由一种单体形成的聚合物共混物而制成的，该单体是诸如四氟乙烯、六氟丙稀、氯三氟乙烯、三氟乙烯、偏二氟乙烯、氟乙烯、全氟丙基乙烯基醚、全氟甲基乙烯醚、或它们的任何组合。例如，该氟聚合物是聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)。示例性的氟聚合物膜可以是浇注、片削、或挤出的。
此外，示例性的氟聚合物包括：氟化的乙烯-丙烯共聚物(FEP)；四氟乙烯与全氟丙基乙烯基醚的共聚物(PFA)；四氟乙烯与全氟甲基乙烯醚的共聚物(MFA)；乙烯与四氟乙烯的共聚物(ETFE)；乙烯与氯三氟乙烯的共聚物(ECTFE)；聚三氟氯乙烯(PCTFE)；聚偏二氟乙烯(PVDF)；包括四氟乙烯、六氟丙稀、以及偏二氟乙烯的三聚物(THV)；或它们的任何共混物或任何合金。例如，该氟聚合物可以包括FEP。在一个另外的实例中，该氟聚合物可以包括四氟乙烯与全氟丙基乙烯基醚的共聚物(PFA)。在一个示例性实施方案中，该氟聚合物可以是通过辐射(如电子束)可交联的一种聚合物。一种示例性的可交联的氟聚合物可以包括ETFE、THV、PVDF、或它们的任何组合。一种THV树脂是从Dyneon 3M Corporation Minneapolis，Minn可获得的。一种ECTFE聚合物是从Ausimont Corporation(意大利)在商品名Halar下可获得的。其他氟聚合物可以从Daikin(日本)和DuPont(美国)获得。具体地讲，FEP氟聚合物类是从Daikin可商购的，如NP-12X。
在一个实施方案中，该氟聚合物的至少一个表面可以包括一种C-可处理的氟聚合物。示例性的C-可处理的氟聚合物包括：氟化的乙烯-丙烯共聚物(FEP)；乙烯与四氟乙烯的共聚物(ETFE)；四氟乙烯与全氟丙基乙烯基醚的共聚物(PFA)；乙烯与氯三氟乙烯的共聚物(ECTFE)；四氟乙烯与全氟甲基乙烯基醚的共聚物(MFA)；聚偏二氟乙烯(PVDF)；以及包括四氟乙烯、六氟丙稀、以及偏二氟乙烯的三聚物(THV)。在一个实施方案中，该氟聚合物具有该氟聚合物的一个第一主表面以及该氟聚合物的一个第二主表面，其中该第一和第二主表面包括相同或不同的C-可处理的氟聚合物。在一个实施方案中，该氟聚合物的至少一个表面可以包括四氟乙烯与全氟丙基乙烯基醚的一种共聚物(PFA)或氟化的乙烯-丙烯共聚物(FEP)。在一个实施方案中，该氟聚合物是一个PTFE芯，该芯在第一表面上具有四氟乙烯与全氟丙基乙烯基醚的一种共聚物(PFA)并且在第二表面上具有氟化的乙烯-丙烯共聚物(FEP)。一种示例性的PTFE可以从Saint Gobain得到，如DB1700。
在一个实施方案中，可以将该氟聚合物层进行处理以改进粘合剂层与氟聚合物层之间的粘附性。在一个实施方案中，该处理可以包括表面处理、化学处理、钠蚀刻、使用底料、或它们的任何组合。在一个实施方案中，该处理可以包括电晕处理、UV处理、电子束处理、火焰处理、塑性变形(scuffing)、钠萘表面处理、或它们的任何组合。在一个实施方案中，该处理包括C-处理。对于C-处理，将该氟聚合物层暴露于有机气体气氛中的电晕放电，其中该有机气体气氛包括丙酮(acteone)或具有四个碳原子或更少的一种醇。在一个实施方案中，该有机气体是丙酮。在一个实施方案中，将该有机气体与一种惰性气体如氮气进行混合。该丙酮/氮气气氛造成了该氟聚合物层到该粘合剂层的粘附性的增大。在一个示例性实施方案中，该处理包括一种C-可处理的氟聚合物的C-处理。该C-处理的一个实例披露在美国专利6,726,976中，该专利通过引用结合在此。
在另一个示例性实施方案中，该氟聚合物层的至少一个主表面包括胶体二氧化硅。该胶体二氧化硅典型地以一个量值存在于一种溶液中以提供第一层与第二层之间的粘附性。在一个实施方案中，该胶体二氧化硅是存在于一种不会不利地影响该胶体二氧化硅的粘连特性的溶液中。一种示例性的胶体二氧化硅分散体描述在美国专利号6,930,063中，该专利通过引用结合在此。
该物品进一步包括一个粘合剂层。在一个示例性实施方案中，该粘合剂层包括一种热塑性材料。例如，该热塑性材料可以包括热塑性弹性体，如天然或合成来源的可交联的弹性体聚合物。例如，一种示例性弹性体材料可以包括硅酮、天然橡胶、氨基甲酸酯、烯属弹性体、二烯烃弹性体、烯属和二烯烃弹性体的共混物、氟弹性体、全氟弹性体、或它们的任意组合。在一个具体的实施方案中，该粘合剂层包括聚氨酯。可商购的热塑性粘合剂材料包括从Bemis Associates可得到的聚氨酯3206D和3410。在另一个实施方案中，该粘合剂层包括一种具有不大于约300°F的熔化温度的热塑性材料。在一个实施方案中，该粘合剂层包括一种具有不大于约350°F、如不大于约400°F、如不大于约450°F的熔化温度的热塑性材料。在一个实施方案中，该粘合剂层包括一种具有大于约500°F的熔化温度的热塑性材料。
在另一个实施方案中，该粘合剂层包括聚偏二氟乙烯-聚氯乙烯(PVDF-PVC)。在一个实施方案中，该粘合剂层的PVDF和PVC存在的比率为按重量计大于约50/50，如按重量计大于约60/40，如按重量计约75/25到约90/10，或甚至按重量计75/25到约85/15。
典型地，该粘合剂层具有至少约0.1密尔的厚度，如至少约0.5密尔。例如，该粘合剂层104的厚度可以是在约0.1密尔至约4.0密尔的范围内，如约0.1密尔至约2.0密尔。
在一个实施方案中，第三层包括聚合材料，如热塑性塑料以及热固性材料。一种示例性聚合材料可以包括：聚酰胺、聚芳酰胺、聚酰亚胺、聚烯烃、聚氯乙烯(PVC)、丙烯酸酯聚合物、二烯烃单体聚合物、聚碳酸酯(PC)、聚醚醚酮(PEEK)、氟聚合物、聚酯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氨酯、热塑性共混物、或它们的任意组合。另外的聚合材料可以包括硅酮类、酚醛塑料类、环氧树脂类、玻璃填充型尼龙、或它们的任意组合。在一个实施方案中，第三层包括聚氯乙烯。在一个实施方案中，第三层包括聚氨酯。在一个实施方案中，第三层包括一种具有与PVC或聚氨酯相似的特性(包括例如：机械特性、可燃性特性、可粘合特性等)的聚合材料。该氟聚合物组合物、粘合剂层、以及聚合层可以用来形成任何有用的物品。为了形成一种有用的物品，可以将该聚合层进行处理。该聚合的基底、特别是热塑性基底的处理，可以包括浇注、挤出或片削。在一个实施方案中，为了产生希望的表面特性，如低的摩擦面，可以将该聚合层进行压纹、做纹理或以其他方式进行表面处理。
典型地，第三层具有至少约0.1毫米的厚度。例如，第三层可以具有约0.2毫米至约2.0毫米的厚度，如约0.2毫米至约1.5毫米，如约0.2毫米至约1.0毫米。
在一个实施方案中，还可以使用一个增强层。在一个实施方案中，该增强层覆盖粘合剂层的至少一个主表面以及第三层的至少一个主表面。在一个实施方案中，该增强层直接接触粘合剂层的一个主表面以及第三层的一个主表面。在另一个实施方案中，该增强层可以覆盖第三层。在一个实施方案中，该增强层可以实质性地包埋在第三层中。在一个实施方案中，该增强层可以实质性地包埋在粘合剂层中。如在此使用的“实质性地包埋”是指一种增强层，其中该增强层的总表面积的至少25％、如至少约50％、或甚至75％直接与第三层或粘合剂层相接触，如上所述。在一个另外的实施方案中，该增强层可以是第三层。该增强层可以是提高该多层物品的增强特性的任何材料。例如，该增强层可以包括天然纤维、合成纤维、或它们的组合。在一个实施方案中，这些纤维可以处于一种针织物、铺设纱网(laid scrim)、编织物、织造或非织造织物的形式。示例性的增强物纤维包括玻璃、芳族聚酰胺类、聚酰胺类、聚酯类等等。该增强层可以具有小于约5.0mm的厚度，如不大于约2.0mm。
在图1中展示了物品100的示例性实施方案。该物品包括第一层102以及覆盖第一层102的第一主表面106的第二层104。在一个实施方案中，第一层102直接接触第二层104。第一层102是一种氟聚合物并且第二层104是一个粘合剂层。另外，覆盖第二层104的是第三层108。如在表1中看到，第三层108直接接触第二层104。第三层108是一个聚合层。
在图2中展示了另一种示例性物品并且概括地命名为200。该物品包括第一层202以及覆盖第一层202的第一主表面206的第二层204。在一个实施方案中，第一层202直接接触第二层204。第一层202是一种氟聚合物并且第二层204是一个粘合剂层。另外，覆盖第一层202的第二主表面208的是第三层210。如在表2中看到，第三层210直接接触第一层202。在一个实施方案中，第三层210是一个第二粘合剂层。第一粘合剂层204和第二粘合剂层210可以是相同的或不同的材料。在另一个实施方案中，第一聚合层(未示出)可以接触粘合剂层204的一个主表面212。在另一个另外的实施方案中，第二聚合层(未示出)可以接触粘合剂层210的一个主表面214。第一聚合层和第二聚合层可以是相同的或不同的材料。
在图3中展示了另一种示例性物品并且概括地命名为300。该物品包括第一层302以及覆盖第一层302的第一主表面306的第二层304。在一个实施方案中，第一层302直接接触第二层304。第一层302是一种氟聚合物并且第二层304是一个粘合剂层。如在表3中看到，增强层308直接接触粘合剂层304的一个主表面310。一个聚合层312直接接触增强层308的一个主表面314。在一个另外的实施方案中，第二粘合剂层(未示出)可以接触第一层302的第二主表面316。第一粘合剂层和第二粘合剂层可以是相同的或不同的材料。在一个另外的实施方案中，该物品可以包括与第二粘合剂层相接触的第二聚合层(未示出)。第一聚合层和第二聚合层可以是相同的或不同的材料。在另一个另外的实施方案中，第二增强层(未示出)可以夹在第二粘合剂层与第二聚合层之间。第一增强层和第二增强层可以是相同的或不同的材料。在一个实施方案中，可以设想任意数目的层。
在一个实施方案中，该物品可以通过一种方法形成，其中将该粘合剂层施加在该氟聚合物层上并且随后将其施加于该聚合层上。例如，可以将该粘合剂层直接挤出、熔融、或层压在该氟聚合物层上。在另一个实施方案中，该物品可以通过一种方法形成，其中将该粘合剂层施加在该聚合层上并且随后将其施加于该氟聚合层上。在一个实施方案中，该物品可以通过一种方法形成，其中将该粘合剂层挤出在该聚合层与氟聚合物层之间。
在一个实施方案中，该物品可以通过带式层压(belt lamination)来生产。在一个实例中，可以将该粘合剂层直接挤出以将该粘合剂层施加在该氟聚合物层上。在一个示例性实施方案中，可以将该粘合剂层加热至足以使该粘合剂层熔化的温度。在另一个实施方案中，可以将该粘合剂层进行层压以将该粘合剂层施加在该氟聚合物层上。可以将该粘合剂层与该氟聚合物层带式层压到该聚合层上。在一个实施方案中，该氟聚合物层可以与第一加热的带相接触，并且该聚合物层可以与第二带相接触，第二带具有比第一加热的带更低的温度以维持该聚合层的整体性。
在一个实施方案中，该物品可以通过一步层压法或多步层压法来生产。在一个实施方案中，可以将一个氟聚合物层夹在两个粘合剂层之间并进行带式层压。可以将一个聚合物层层压在一个或两者的粘合剂层上。设想任意数目的层压步骤可以是有可能的以便将一个或多个层施加于该物品。另外，设想任何足以使这些层粘连的温度，前提是该温度不会降解该多层物品。
在一个实施方案中，可以将该粘合剂层以一种液体状态施加到该氟聚合物层上并进行干燥或固化。在一个实施方案中，该粘合剂层可以处于一种液体熔融的状态并且然后被冷却并固体化。干燥或固化可以在足以将该粘合剂层粘连到该聚合物层的温度下发生。例如，该粘合剂层可以是一种悬浮于水溶液中的聚合物材料。在另一个实施方案中，该粘合剂层可以是一种悬浮于水溶液中的胶体二氧化硅。然后可以将该粘合剂层与该氟聚合物层粘连到该聚合层上。在另一个实施方案中，可以将该粘合剂层以一种液体状态施加到该聚合层上并进行干燥或固化。然后可以将该粘合剂层与该聚合层粘连到该氟聚合物层上。
一旦形成该物品，则可以使该物品经受一个进行接缝过程。在一个实施方案中，可以将两个或多个物品进行接缝。例如，将两个物品的边缘末端区域进行重叠并且施加一个进行接缝过程典型地产生了一种接缝。设想会在多种聚合材料之间提供一种接缝的任何接缝过程。一种典型的接缝过程包括热处理。在一个实施方案中，该热致的接缝过程在使得该多层物品不会降解的温度下发生。在一个实施方案中，该热致的接缝过程典型地在不大于约300°F的温度下发生。在一个实施方案中，该接缝过程在不大于约250°F的温度下发生。在一个实施方案中，该热处理是在从约250°F到约350°F的温度下。在一个实施方案中，该热处理是在不大于约350°F的温度下。在一个实施方案中，该热处理是在大于约180°F的温度下。在一个实施方案中，该热处理是在不大于约380°F的温度下，如在约180°F到约380°F的温度下。另外的示例性接缝构建方法包括搭接接缝或对接接缝，使用热空气接缝、高频率接缝、热台板接缝、或胶带接缝方法。
一旦形成，以上披露的物品的特定实施方案有利地展现出所希望的特性，如改进的化学隔离特性以及抗燃性。在一个实施方案中，该物品可以具有如根据ASTM F739测量的大于约三十分钟的化学品渗透贯穿时间。在一个实施方案中，该物品可以具有如根据ASTM F739测量的大于约一小时的化学品渗透贯穿时间。在一个另外的实施方案中，该物品满足NFPA 1991设定的化学品渗透标准，如根据ASTM F 739测量的。例如，该物品(如根据ASTM F 739测量的)满足NFPA 1991在7.2.1部分对于以下化学品设定的化学品渗透标准：如丙酮、乙腈、氨气、1，3-丁二烯、二硫化碳、氯气、二氯甲烷、二乙胺、二甲基甲酰胺、乙酸乙酯、环氧乙烷、己烯、氯化氢气体、甲醇、氯甲烷气体、硝基苯、氢氧化钠、硫酸、四氯乙烯、四氢呋喃、以及甲苯。在一个实施方案中，应该对于所测试的每种化学品来测量渗透试验装置的最小可检出渗透率。最小可检出渗透率对于所有抗渗透性试验都应该小于或等于0.10μg/cm2/min。当使用闭环系统时，试验室应该假定1小时累积的渗透。
在一个实施方案中，当根据ASTM F1358测量时，该物品具有大于约1.5秒的抗燃性如大于约2.0秒，如大于约2.5秒。在一个实施方案中，当根据ASTM F1358测量时该物品具有大于约3.0秒的抗燃性。在一个另外的实施方案中，该物品满足NFPA 1991设定的抗燃性标准。例如，该物品(如根据ASTM F1358测量的)满足NFPA 1991在7.2.2部分设定的抗燃性标准，其中适合的材料在初始的3秒暴露时间内不应该着火，不应该燃烧大于100mm(4英寸)的距离，不应该持续燃烧超过10秒，并且在随后的12秒暴露时间内不应该熔化(这通过流动或滴落证明)。
在一个示例性实施方案中，该物品可以展现令人希望的破裂强度以及抗撕裂强度。例如，当根据ASTM D751测试时，该物品可以具有至少约200N的破裂强度。特别地，该破裂强度可以大于约300N，如大于约500N，或甚至大于约600N。在一个实施方案中，当根据ASTM D2582测量时该物品具有大于约50N的抗撕裂强度。特别地，该抗撕裂强度可以大于约60N，如甚至大于约100N。
在一个实施方案中，该物品可以展现令人希望的拉伸强度。例如，当根据ASTM D751测试时，该物品可以具有至少约1.5kN的拉伸强度，如至少约3.0kN/m。在一个示例性实施方案中，该物品具有通过ASTMF739测量时大于约一小时的抗化学品渗透性、以及通过ASTM D751测量时至少约200N的破裂强度两者。在一个示例性实施方案中，该物品具有根据ASTM F739测量时大于约一小时的抗化学品渗透性、以及根据ASTM D751测量时至少约3.0kN/m的拉伸强度两者。
由以上描述的层制成的物品可以有众多的应用。这些应用包括：例如当如以上提及的破裂强度、拉伸强度、抗撕裂强度、化学品渗透、和/或抗燃性的特性是所希望时的使用。例如，该物品可以用于当希望一种化学的和/或生物的耐受性材料时。在一个实施方案中，示例性的物品包括掩护物、衬里、保护性齿轮、衣服以及流体包含系统等。
实例1
制造了一种示例性的物品。该氟聚合物层是从Saint Gobain得到的一个1.4(标称的)密尔(0.0014英寸)的膜，产品DB1700。该氟聚合物层是C处理的。该粘合剂层是具有2密尔厚度的一种聚氨酯熔体粘性膜(Bemis 3206)。该聚合层是具有清楚的、有光泽的最终处理的现成的PVC。
将这种组合在约50psi下在压机中组合60秒。为了在氟聚合物与粘合剂之间得到持久的粘合强度(超过氟聚合物膜屈服强度)，可以将该粘合剂层加热到对于FEP约300℃而对于PFA侧面约350°F的温度。(该氟聚合物膜屈服强度是约2.01b/inch，因而使得在剥离中，该氟聚合物膜被不可逆地拉伸到大的程度或者被撕裂)。从250°F观察到了至PVC的良好的粘合。层压发生在一个步骤中，因为PVC在这些条件下没有出现熔化。
实例2
使用实例1中的条件制造一种物品，具有以下改变。“ST-3477聚氨酯”是聚合层(从Stevens Urethane得到)，首先将Bemis 3206粘合剂粘连到如上的DB1700上，并且然后在单独的步骤中在更低的温度和压力(25psi)下将该聚氨酯聚合层层压在该粘合剂上。在300°F的温度下的加热以及聚氨酯的部分熔化产生了一种良好的结合。
实例3
制备了以下材料的样品用于完全的力学试验。该氟聚合物层是1.4密尔的C处理的DB1700(使用的FEP侧面)。该粘合剂层是2.0密尔厚度的聚氨酯Bemis 3206。对于一个物品，基底层是来自Plastic FilmCorporation的聚氯乙烯(PVC)，重量12，硬度“3H”，具有无光的完成状态。对于第二个物品，聚合层是来自Plastic Film Corporation的聚氯乙烯(PVC)，重量12，硬度“2S”，具有无光的完成状态。在Merrimack的OneGlove制造中使用的带式层压机(belt laminator)上制造了这两个物品。条件是温度350°F；速度：3ft/min(在三个1’长的加热过的台板上)；钳口压力：“按处理标准”。
测试了这两个物品的NFPA 1991所要求的关键机械特性中的一些(破裂、撕裂传播、冷弯矩)，并且容易地合格了。结果可见于表1中。
表1
Figure BPA00001190054400111
氟聚合物的特性以及用于第三层的聚合材料的选择使得这些物品通过了NPFA 1991中设定的可燃性要求。另外，氟聚合物的特性使得这些物品通过了NPFA 1991中设定的化学品渗透要求。
实例4
制造了两个示例性的物品。氟聚合物层是PVDF，其中80/20重量比的PVDF/PVC作为粘合剂层。该聚合层是PVC，其中随后的PVC织物层涂覆有聚酯(Seaman 8028)。用于粘合剂层中并作为聚合层的PVC对于第一个物品是
Figure BPA00001190054400112
552而对于第二个物品是
Figure BPA00001190054400113
576。将该PVDF膜浇注在2密尔厚的Melinex S载体上(大小：2x4英寸)。施加PVDF混合胶乳的两个包覆层，将其在250°F干燥2分钟并且在400°F下熔融30秒。将PVDF/PVC连接层施加在PVDF层上，将其干燥、并如上进行熔融。通过自由下落施加PVC层并将其在250°F下干燥2分钟。在干燥步骤中将该层熔融。在300°F下在脚踏压机中将该膜粘结到PVC涂覆的织物上(1分钟，40psig)。第一个多层物品产生一种良好的结合。第二个多层物品具有到PVC涂覆的织物上的优异的结合，然而，该PVC聚合层裂开。
实例5
以不同的PVDF/PVC比率以及稀释的聚合层制备了多个多层物品。氟聚合物层是PVDF，粘合剂层是PVDF/PVC，并且聚合层是来自
Figure BPA00001190054400121
576的PVC。PVDF/PVC的比率是80/20、85/15、和90/10。通过使两个层自由下落、在250°F下干燥2分钟将该PVDF膜浇注在2密尔厚的MelinexS载体(大小：2x4英寸)上并且在390°-400°F下将其熔融30秒。将PVDF/PVC连接层施加在PVDF层上，将其干燥、并如上进行熔融。通过自由下落施加PVC层并将其在250°F下干燥2分钟。在干燥步骤中将该层熔融。在350°F下在脚踏压机中将该膜粘结到PVC涂覆的织物上(1分钟，40psig)并且将之放在两个5密尔厚的Kapton HN膜之间。在所有情况下，膜的结合超过了其拉伸强度。
实例6
在中试塔(pilot tower)上由PVDF的氟聚合物层、80/20重量比的PVDF/PVC粘合剂层、以及PVC聚合层生产了一种多层物品。使用的载体是10英寸宽的5密尔Kapton HN。运行条件是：干燥区设定点250°F；熔化区设定点400°F；网片速度(web speed)7fpm；棒尺寸28(开槽的)。然后将该物品粘结至涂覆有聚酯的PVC(Seaman 8028)。在此情况下，膜到涂覆的PVC织物上的结合超过了该膜强度。
实例7
自Saint Gobain得到了在氟聚合物上使用表面处理的一种多层物品，产品F1100。该物品显示了到如聚氨酯(Bemis 6329)以及液体硅酮橡胶的材料上的良好粘附性。
以上披露的主题应被认为是解说性的、而非限制性的，并且所附权利要求是旨在覆盖落在本发明的真正范围内的所有此类变体、改进以及其他实施方案。因此，在法律所允许的最大程度上，本发明的范围应由对以下权利要求和它们的等效物可容许的最宽解释来确定，并且不应受以上的详细的说明的约束或限制。

Claims (15)

1.一种物品，包括：
一个第一层，该第一层包括一种氟聚合物，该氟聚合物并具有一个第一主表面以及一个第二主表面；
覆盖该第一层的第一主表面的一个第二层，该第二层包括一个粘合剂层；以及
覆盖该第二层的一个第三层，该第三层包括一种聚合材料；其中，该物品具有按照ASTM D751测量的大于约200N的破裂性能以及通过ASTM F739所测量的大于约1小时的化学品渗透贯穿检测时间。
2.如权利要求1所述的物品，其中该第三层的聚合材料是一种热固性材料或一种热塑性材料。
3.如权利要求1-2中任一项所述的物品，其中，该粘合剂层包括一种具有不大于约300°F的熔化温度的热塑性材料。
4.如权利要求1-2中任一项所述的物品，其中，该粘合剂层包括一种具有大于约500°F的熔化温度的热塑性材料。
5.如权利要求1-4中任一项所述的物品，其中，该粘合剂层包括一种聚氨酯或一种聚偏二氟乙烯-聚氯乙烯(PVDF-PVC)。
6.如权利要求1-5中任一项所述的物品，其中该氟聚合物是选自下组，其构成为：聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)、氟化的乙烯-丙烯共聚物(FEP)、四氟乙烯与全氟丙基乙烯基醚的共聚物(PFA)、四氟乙烯与全氟甲基乙烯醚的共聚物(MFA)、乙烯-四氟乙烯共聚物(ETFE)、乙烯-氯三氟乙烯共聚物(ECTFE)、聚三氟氯乙烯(PCTFE)、聚偏二氟乙烯(PVDF)、以及四氟乙烯-六氟丙稀-偏二氟乙烯三聚物(THV)。
7.如权利要求1-6中任一项所述的物品，其中该氟聚合物层的至少一个表面包括一种C-可处理的氟聚合物。
8.如权利要求1-6中任一项所述的物品，其中该氟聚合物层的至少一个表面包括胶体二氧化硅。
9.如权利要求1-8中任一项所述的物品，其中该聚合材料包括聚氯乙烯(PVC)。
10.如权利要求1-9中任一项所述的物品，进一步包括一个增强层，该增强层直接接触该粘合剂层的至少一个主表面以及该聚合的层的至少一个主表面。
11.如权利要求1-10中任一项所述的物品，其中，该多层物品通过一个热致过程在不大于约300°F的温度下进行接缝，其中该多层物品并不降解。
12.一种物品，包括：
一个第一层，该第一层包括一种氟聚合物，该氟聚合物具有一个第一主表面以及一个第二主表面；
覆盖该第一层的第一主表面的一个第二层，该第二层包括一个热塑性粘合剂层，该热塑性粘合剂具有不大于约300°F的熔化温度；以及
覆盖该第二层的一个第三层，该第三层包括一种聚合材料。
13.一种形成多层物品的方法，该方法包括：
提供一个第一层，该第一层包括一种氟聚合物，该氟聚合物具有一个第一主表面以及一个第二主表面的；
提供覆盖该第一层的第一主表面的一个第二层，该第二层包括一个粘合剂层；
提供覆盖该第二层的一个第三层，该第三层包括一个聚合层；并且
将该多层物品加热至不大于约350°F的温度。
14.如权利要求13所述的方法，进一步包括在提供该第二层的步骤之前处理该第一层的第一主表面。
15.如权利要求13-14中任一项所述的方法，进一步包括以下步骤：通过在不大于约300°F的温度下的热处理将该物品进行接缝。
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