CN101914203B - 高分子量聚唑 - Google Patents
高分子量聚唑 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN101914203B CN101914203B CN2010101863096A CN201010186309A CN101914203B CN 101914203 B CN101914203 B CN 101914203B CN 2010101863096 A CN2010101863096 A CN 2010101863096A CN 201010186309 A CN201010186309 A CN 201010186309A CN 101914203 B CN101914203 B CN 101914203B
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- China
- Prior art keywords
- acid
- fragrance
- rings
- different
- phthalic acid
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 36
- 239000003205 fragrance Substances 0.000 claims description 30
- 150000003851 azoles Chemical class 0.000 claims description 28
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 27
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- QQVIHTHCMHWDBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N isophthalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC(C(O)=O)=C1 QQVIHTHCMHWDBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- WPYMKLBDIGXBTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 WPYMKLBDIGXBTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- XNGIFLGASWRNHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N phthalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(O)=O XNGIFLGASWRNHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000004693 Polybenzimidazole Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- -1 amino m-phthalic acid Chemical compound 0.000 claims description 11
- 229920002480 polybenzimidazole Polymers 0.000 claims description 11
- KKEYFWRCBNTPAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Terephthalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=C(C(O)=O)C=C1 KKEYFWRCBNTPAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 150000008065 acid anhydrides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 10
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 claims description 10
- 150000001263 acyl chlorides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 8
- 125000003837 (C1-C20) alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 7
- 150000001732 carboxylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 150000000000 tetracarboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000003628 tricarboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyridine Chemical compound C1=CC=NC=C1 JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- HYZJCKYKOHLVJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1H-benzimidazole Chemical compound C1=CC=C2NC=NC2=C1 HYZJCKYKOHLVJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- BCEQKAQCUWUNML-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-hydroxybenzene-1,3-dicarboxylic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=C(O)C(C(O)=O)=C1 BCEQKAQCUWUNML-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- QNVNLUSHGRBCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-hydroxybenzene-1,3-dicarboxylic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC(O)=CC(C(O)=O)=C1 QNVNLUSHGRBCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- CZPWVGJYEJSRLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyrimidine Chemical compound C1=CN=CN=C1 CZPWVGJYEJSRLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000005864 Sulphur Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- KZTYYGOKRVBIMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphenyl sulfone Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1S(=O)(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 KZTYYGOKRVBIMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000002924 primary amino group Chemical group [H]N([H])* 0.000 claims description 4
- UKGMFBZPIQCNPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,6-dihydroxycyclohexa-3,5-diene-1,2-dicarboxylic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1C=CC=C(O)C1(O)C(O)=O UKGMFBZPIQCNPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- OYFRNYNHAZOYNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,5-dihydroxyterephthalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC(O)=C(C(O)=O)C=C1O OYFRNYNHAZOYNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- QXGJCWSBOZXWOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3,4-dihydroxyphthalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=C(O)C(O)=C1C(O)=O QXGJCWSBOZXWOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- VNLYHYHJIXGBFX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(trifluoromethyl)phthalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=C(C(F)(F)F)C=C1C(O)=O VNLYHYHJIXGBFX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims description 3
- GWZCCUDJHOGOSO-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphenic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=C1C(O)=O GWZCCUDJHOGOSO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- CZZYITDELCSZES-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphenylmethane Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1CC1=CC=CC=C1 CZZYITDELCSZES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000001072 heteroaryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- WBYWAXJHAXSJNI-VOTSOKGWSA-M .beta-Phenylacrylic acid Natural products [O-]C(=O)\C=C\C1=CC=CC=C1 WBYWAXJHAXSJNI-VOTSOKGWSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- QTKIQLNGOKOPOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1'-biphenyl;propane Chemical compound CCC.C1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 QTKIQLNGOKOPOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- WFNRNCNCXRGUKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3,5,6-tetrafluoroterephthalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=C(F)C(F)=C(C(O)=O)C(F)=C1F WFNRNCNCXRGUKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- CDOWNLMZVKJRSC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-hydroxyterephthalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=C(C(O)=O)C(O)=C1 CDOWNLMZVKJRSC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- CCOAVTLOSPJPGO-UHFFFAOYSA-N C1=CC=C2C=CC3=CC=CC4=CC=C1C2=C34.N3C=CC=CC=C3 Chemical class C1=CC=C2C=CC3=CC=CC4=CC=C1C2=C34.N3C=CC=CC=C3 CCOAVTLOSPJPGO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Malonic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)=O OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 229930016911 cinnamic acid Natural products 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000013985 cinnamic acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 229960004979 fampridine Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- WBYWAXJHAXSJNI-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl p-hydroxycinnamate Natural products OC(=O)C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 WBYWAXJHAXSJNI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000004437 phosphorous atom Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- HSTOKWSFWGCZMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3,3'-diaminobenzidine Chemical group C1=C(N)C(N)=CC=C1C1=CC=C(N)C(N)=C1 HSTOKWSFWGCZMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- YJLVXRPNNDKMMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3,4,5,6-tetrafluorophthalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=C(F)C(F)=C(F)C(F)=C1C(O)=O YJLVXRPNNDKMMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- RQBIGPMJQUKYAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(3,4-diaminophenoxy)benzene-1,2-diamine Chemical compound C1=C(N)C(N)=CC=C1OC1=CC=C(N)C(N)=C1 RQBIGPMJQUKYAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- WVDRSXGPQWNUBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(4-carboxyphenoxy)benzoic acid Chemical compound C1=CC(C(=O)O)=CC=C1OC1=CC=C(C(O)=O)C=C1 WVDRSXGPQWNUBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- WTKZEGDFNFYCGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyrazole Chemical compound C=1C=NNC=1 WTKZEGDFNFYCGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- ANUAIBBBDSEVKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzene-1,2,4,5-tetramine Chemical compound NC1=CC(N)=C(N)C=C1N ANUAIBBBDSEVKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 229920006389 polyphenyl polymer Polymers 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 abstract description 27
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 abstract description 17
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 12
- ZUOUZKKEUPVFJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphenyl Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 ZUOUZKKEUPVFJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 239000004305 biphenyl Substances 0.000 description 8
- 235000010290 biphenyl Nutrition 0.000 description 7
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 7
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- FXHOOIRPVKKKFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylacetamide Chemical compound CN(C)C(C)=O FXHOOIRPVKKKFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000002019 doping agent Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 6
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 5
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 5
- UFWIBTONFRDIAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Naphthalene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC=CC=C21 UFWIBTONFRDIAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propane Chemical compound CCC ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- KYQCOXFCLRTKLS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyrazine Chemical compound C1=CN=CC=N1 KYQCOXFCLRTKLS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- SMWDFEZZVXVKRB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Quinoline Chemical compound N1=CC=CC2=CC=CC=C21 SMWDFEZZVXVKRB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- UJMDYLWCYJJYMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzene-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC(C(O)=O)=C1C(O)=O UJMDYLWCYJJYMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229920005594 polymer fiber Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 229920005597 polymer membrane Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- VACCAVUAMIDAGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfamethizole Chemical compound S1C(C)=NN=C1NS(=O)(=O)C1=CC=C(N)C=C1 VACCAVUAMIDAGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dichloromethane Chemical compound ClCCl YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- AVXURJPOCDRRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydroxylamine Chemical compound ON AVXURJPOCDRRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- PCNDJXKNXGMECE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phenazine Natural products C1=CC=CC2=NC3=CC=CC=C3N=C21 PCNDJXKNXGMECE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000000010 aprotic solvent Substances 0.000 description 3
- USIUVYZYUHIAEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphenyl ether Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1OC1=CC=CC=C1 USIUVYZYUHIAEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 3
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000003254 radicals Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- FOMVFKTYQSZBMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,5-dihydroxycyclohexa-3,5-diene-1,2-dicarboxylic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1C=CC(O)=CC1(O)C(O)=O FOMVFKTYQSZBMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UJOBWOGCFQCDNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 9H-carbazole Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C3=CC=CC=C3NC2=C1 UJOBWOGCFQCDNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000007848 Bronsted acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 0 C**C(C)=NC(*)[Al](*)C1N=C(C)*1 Chemical compound C**C(C)=NC(*)[Al](*)C1N=C(C)*1 0.000 description 2
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- SIKJAQJRHWYJAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Indole Chemical compound C1=CC=C2NC=CC2=C1 SIKJAQJRHWYJAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002841 Lewis acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Orthosilicate Chemical compound [O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phenol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1 ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910021536 Zeolite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- DZBUGLKDJFMEHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N acridine Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC3=CC=CC=C3N=C21 DZBUGLKDJFMEHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000001335 aliphatic alkanes Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- MWPLVEDNUUSJAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N anthracene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC3=CC=CC=C3C=C21 MWPLVEDNUUSJAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 2
- QMKYBPDZANOJGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxylic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC(C(O)=O)=CC(C(O)=O)=C1 QMKYBPDZANOJGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000005605 benzo group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- WZJYKHNJTSNBHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzo[h]quinoline Chemical compound C1=CN=C2C3=CC=CC=C3C=CC2=C1 WZJYKHNJTSNBHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 2
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011964 heteropoly acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000002576 ketones Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000007517 lewis acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 2
- YNPNZTXNASCQKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenanthrene Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C3=CC=CC=C3C=CC2=C1 YNPNZTXNASCQKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000000843 phenylene group Chemical group C1(=C(C=CC=C1)*)* 0.000 description 2
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- GMIOYJQLNFNGPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyrazine-2,5-dicarboxylic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CN=C(C(O)=O)C=N1 GMIOYJQLNFNGPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000010453 quartz Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000003252 quinoxalines Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon dioxide Inorganic materials O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005496 tempering Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004753 textile Substances 0.000 description 2
- ARCGXLSVLAOJQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimellitic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=C(C(O)=O)C(C(O)=O)=C1 ARCGXLSVLAOJQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000009736 wetting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000010457 zeolite Substances 0.000 description 2
- SOZFIIXUNAKEJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2,3,4-tetrafluorobenzene Chemical compound FC1=CC=C(F)C(F)=C1F SOZFIIXUNAKEJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JYEUMXHLPRZUAT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2,3-triazine Chemical compound C1=CN=NN=C1 JYEUMXHLPRZUAT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OTEKOJQFKOIXMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-bis(trichloromethyl)benzene Chemical compound ClC(Cl)(Cl)C1=CC=C(C(Cl)(Cl)Cl)C=C1 OTEKOJQFKOIXMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VMLKTERJLVWEJJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,5-naphthyridine Chemical compound C1=CC=NC2=CC=CN=C21 VMLKTERJLVWEJJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WJFKNYWRSNBZNX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 10H-phenothiazine Chemical compound C1=CC=C2NC3=CC=CC=C3SC2=C1 WJFKNYWRSNBZNX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- TZMSYXZUNZXBOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 10H-phenoxazine Chemical compound C1=CC=C2NC3=CC=CC=C3OC2=C1 TZMSYXZUNZXBOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KKTUQAYCCLMNOA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3-diaminobenzoic acid Chemical compound NC1=CC=CC(C(O)=O)=C1N KKTUQAYCCLMNOA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NXRWBYFOLHCASC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[carboxy-(carboxymethylamino)methyl]benzoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CNC(C(O)=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(O)=O NXRWBYFOLHCASC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NEQFBGHQPUXOFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(4-carboxyphenyl)benzoic acid Chemical compound C1=CC(C(=O)O)=CC=C1C1=CC=C(C(O)=O)C=C1 NEQFBGHQPUXOFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GDRVFDDBLLKWRI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4H-quinolizine Chemical compound C1=CC=CN2CC=CC=C21 GDRVFDDBLLKWRI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KDCGOANMDULRCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 7H-purine Chemical compound N1=CNC2=NC=NC2=C1 KDCGOANMDULRCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ROFVEXUMMXZLPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Bipyridyl Chemical group N1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=N1 ROFVEXUMMXZLPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920013666 Celanese acetate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine Chemical compound FF PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910006404 SnO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- DPOPAJRDYZGTIR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrazine Chemical compound C1=CN=NN=N1 DPOPAJRDYZGTIR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SMEGJBVQLJJKKX-HOTMZDKISA-N [(2R,3S,4S,5R,6R)-5-acetyloxy-3,4,6-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl]methyl acetate Chemical compound CC(=O)OC[C@@H]1[C@H]([C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H](O1)O)OC(=O)C)O)O SMEGJBVQLJJKKX-HOTMZDKISA-N 0.000 description 1
- DGEZNRSVGBDHLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N [1,10]phenanthroline Chemical compound C1=CN=C2C3=NC=CC=C3C=CC2=C1 DGEZNRSVGBDHLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000003158 alcohol group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000001299 aldehydes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910001854 alkali hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000008044 alkali metal hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000003545 alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000003973 alkyl amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000004982 aromatic amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
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- WJJMNDUMQPNECX-UHFFFAOYSA-N dipicolinic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC(C(O)=O)=N1 WJJMNDUMQPNECX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 238000000108 ultra-filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
本发明涉及新型高分子量聚唑,基于其高分子量用本征粘度表示至少为1.3dl/g,它们适合用于制备纤维、薄膜、膜和模制品。另外,本发明公开了制备高分子量聚唑的方法。
Description
本申请是中国专利申请200380106255.6(PCT/EP2003/013529)的分案申请。
技术领域
本发明涉及高分子量聚唑、其制备方法和其应用。
背景技术
聚唑如聚苯并咪唑很久以前就为人们所知。此类聚苯并咪唑(PBI)的制备通过是令3,3’,4,4’-四氨基联苯与间苯二酸或间苯二酸二苯酯或其酯在熔融状态下反应。在与DPIP反应中,气态酚是形成的次级产物,其导致强泡沫形成和体积膨胀。形成的预聚物在反应器中固化,并随后被机械粉碎。粉状预聚物然后在温度高达400℃下以固相聚合形式进行末端聚合,从而得到所期望的聚苯并咪唑。
为制备聚合物膜或聚合物纤维,PBI在另外的步骤中溶解于极性的,非质子溶剂如二甲基乙酰胺(DMAc)中并以经典方法制备膜或纤维。
在制备溶液时,已表明它们很大程度上取决于所用聚唑的性质。特别地,观察到的凝胶形成和其他结晶作用会导致溶液具有低的储存容量。这些问题在德国专利申请No.10052237.8中已公开。但是,该专利中公开的方法非常昂贵,且会导致所用聚唑聚合物的产率差。
发明内容
本发明的目的是制备聚唑,其克服了前述问题,且另一方面其具有优良的物理性质。
另一方面,已发现高分子量聚唑会形成可稳定储存的溶液,且另一方面,其甚至超过了现有技术已知聚唑优良的物理性质。另外,所述高分子量聚唑可以简单的方式制备。
本发明的目的涉及用如下步骤组成的方法制备的聚唑,其分子量用本征粘度表示至少为1.3dl/g:
A)将一种或多种芳香四氨基化合物与一种或多种每个羧酸单体含有至少两个酸基的芳香羧酸或其酯混合,或将一种或多种芳香和/或杂芳香二氨基羧酸混合,
B)在惰性气体下加热步骤A)中得到的混合物至温度达350℃,优选达300℃,
C)粉碎步骤B)得到的组合物,并对得到的粒子进行分级,
D)在惰性气体加热300μm-1000μm级分的的粒子至温度达450℃,优选达400℃,然后冷却。
本发明所用芳香及杂芳香四氨基化合物优选为3,3’,4,4’-四氨基联苯,2,3,5,6-四氨基吡啶,1,2,4,5-四氨基苯,3,3’,4,4’-四氨基二苯基砜,3,3’,4,4’-四氨基二苯基醚,3,3’,4,4’-四氨基二苯甲酮,3,3’,4,4’-四氨基二苯甲烷和3,3’,4,4’-四氨基二苯基二甲基甲烷及其盐,特别是它们的单-,二-,三-及四氯化氢衍生物。
本发明所用芳香羧酸为二羧酸或其酯或酐或酰氯。术语“芳香羧酸”还包括杂芳香羧酸。芳香二羧酸优选为间苯二酸,对苯二酸,邻苯二酸,5-羟基间苯二酸,4-羟基间苯二酸,2-羟基对苯二酸,5-氨基间苯二酸,5-N,N-二甲基氨基间苯二酸,5-N,N-二乙基氨基间苯二酸,2,5-二羟基对苯二酸,2,6-二羟基间苯二酸,4,6-二羟基间苯二酸,2,3-二羟基邻苯二酸,2,4-二羟基邻苯二酸;3,4-二羟基邻苯二酸,3-氟邻苯二酸,5-氟间苯二酸,2-氟对苯二酸,四氟苯二酸,四氟间苯二酸,四氟对苯二酸,1,4-萘二酸,1,5-萘二酸,2,6-萘二酸,2,7-萘二酸,联苯甲酸,1,8-二羟基萘-3,6-二酸,二苯基醚-4,4’-二羧酸,二苯甲酮-4,4’-二酸,二苯基砜-4,4’-二羧酸,联苯-4,4’二羧酸,4-三氟甲基邻苯二酸,2,2-双(4-羧苯基)六氟丙烷,4,4’-茋二酸,4-羧基肉桂酸或它们的C1-C20烷基酯或C5-C12芳基酯或它们的酸酐或它们的酰氯。
本发明所用杂芳香酸为杂芳香二羧酸或其酯或酐。“杂芳香二羧酸”包括在环中含有至少一个氮,氧,硫或磷原子的芳香体系。优选为吡啶-2,5-二酸,吡啶-3,5-二酸,吡啶-2,6-二酸,吡啶-2,4-二酸,4-苯基-2,5-吡啶-二酸,3,5-吡唑二酸,2,6-嘧啶二酸,2,5-吡嗪二酸,2,4,6-吡啶三酸,苯并咪唑-5,6-二酸,及它们的C1-C20烷基酯或C5-C12芳基酯或它们的酸酐或它们的酰氯。
根据本发明所用芳香和杂芳香二氨基羧酸优选为二氨基苯甲酸及其单氯化氢和二氯化氢衍生物。
在步骤A)中,优选使用至少两种不同芳香羧酸的混合物。特别优选,使用除含有芳香羧酸外,还含杂芳香羧酸的混合物。芳香羧酸与杂芳香羧酸的混合比例为1∶99至99∶1,优选1∶50至50∶1。
特别是,这些混合物是N-杂芳香二酸与芳香二酸或其酯的混合物。非限制性的例子是间苯二酸,对苯二酸,邻苯二酸,2,5-二羟基对苯二酸,2,6-二羟基间苯二酸,4,6-二羟基间苯二酸,2,3-二羟基邻苯二酸,2,4-二羟基邻苯二酸,3,4-二羟基邻苯二酸,1,4-萘二酸,1,5萘二酸,2,6-萘二酸,2,7-萘二酸,联苯甲酸,1,8-二羟基萘-3,6-二酸,二苯醚-4,4’-二酸,二苯甲酮-4,4’-二酸,二苯砜-4,4’-二酸,联苯-4,4’-二酸,4-三氟甲基邻苯二酸,吡啶-2,5-二酸,吡啶-3,5-二酸,吡啶-2,6-二酸,吡啶-2,4-二酸,4-苯基-2,5-吡啶-二酸,3,5-吡唑二酸,2,6-嘧啶二酸和2,5-吡嗪二酸。优选,其为间苯二酸二苯酯(DPIP)和其酯。
本发明形成的基于聚唑的聚合物含重复的式(I)和/或(II)和/或(III)和/或(IV)和/或(V)和/或(VI)和/或(VII)和/或(VIII)和/或(IX)和/或(X)的唑单元。
其中
Ar相同或不同,代表四价芳香或杂芳香基团,具有一个或多个环,
Ar1相同或不同,代表二价芳香或杂芳香基团,具有一个或多个环,
Ar2相同或不同,代表二价或三价芳香或杂芳香基团,具有一个或多个环,
Ar3相同或不同,代表三价芳香或杂芳香基团,具有一个或多个环,
Ar4相同或不同,代表三价芳香或杂芳香基团,具有一个或多个环,
Ar5相同或不同,代表四价芳香或杂芳香基团,具有一个或多个环,
Ar6相同或不同,代表二价芳香或杂芳香基团,具有一个或多个环,
Ar7相同或不同,代表二价芳香或杂芳香基团,具有一个或多个环,
Ar8相同或不同,代表三价芳香或杂芳香基团,具有一个或多个环,
Ar9相同或不同,代表二价或三价或四价芳香或杂芳香基团,具有一个或多个环,
Ar10相同或不同,代表二价或三价芳香或杂芳香基团,具有一个或多个环,
Ar11相同或不同,代表二价芳香或杂芳香基团,具有一个或多个环,
X相同或不同,代表氧,硫,或氨基,所述氨基带有氢原子、含有1-20个碳原子的基团,或芳基基团作为另外的基团,所述含有1-20个碳原子的基团优选为带或不带支链的烷基或烷氧基。
n代表大于或等于10的整数,优选大于或等于100。
优选芳香或杂芳香基团衍生自苯,萘,联苯,二苯醚,二苯甲烷,二苯二甲基甲烷,双苯基酮,二苯砜,喹啉,吡啶,联吡啶,哒嗪,嘧啶,吡嗪,三嗪,四嗪,吡咯,吡唑,蒽,苯并吡咯,苯并三唑,苯并氧硫杂二唑,苯并噁二唑,苯并吡啶,苯并吡嗪,苯并pyrazidine,苯并嘧啶,苯并吡嗪,苯并三嗪,中氮茚,喹嗪,吡啶并吡啶,咪唑并嘧啶,吡嗪并嘧啶,咔唑,吖啶,吩嗪,苯并喹啉,吩噁嗪,吩噻嗪,acridizine,苯并蝶啶,菲咯啉和菲,如果需要,它们也可以是取代的。
Ar1,Ar4,Ar6,Ar7,Ar8,Ar9,Ar10,Ar11,可为任何形式的取代;例如对于亚苯基,Ar1,Ar4,Ar6,Ar7,Ar8,Ar9,Ar10,Ar11各自可为邻、间或对亚苯基。特别优选衍生自苯和联苯的基团,在某些情况下,其也可为取代的。
优选烷基为具有1至4个碳的短链烷基,如甲基,乙基,正丙基或异丙基及叔丁基。
优选芳基为苯基或萘基。烷基和芳基可为取代的。
优选取代基为卤原子如氟,氨基,羟基或短链烷基如甲基或乙基。
优选具有如式(I)重复单元的聚唑,其中重复单元中的X基团是相同的。
原则上聚唑可含有不同重复单元,其不同之处在于基团X是不同的。但是,优选它们在重复单元中仅含有相同的基团X。
另外,优选聚唑聚合物为聚咪唑,聚苯并噻唑,聚苯并噁唑,聚噁二唑,聚喹喔啉,聚噻二唑,聚(吡啶),聚(嘧啶),和聚四氮杂芘。
在本发明另一个实施方案中,含有重复的唑单元的聚合物是共聚物或含有至少两个彼此不同的式(I)至式(X)单元的混合物。聚合物可以是嵌段共聚物(二嵌段,三嵌段),无规共聚物,周期共聚物和/或交替聚合物。
在本发明一个特别优选的实施方案中,含有重复唑单元的聚合物是仅含有式(I)和/或式(II)单元的聚唑。
重复的唑单元的数量优选大于或等于10的整数。特别优选聚合物含有至少100个重复的唑单元。
对于本发明,优选含有重复苯并咪唑单元的聚合物。一些特别适当的聚合物的实例含有重复的如下通式的苯并咪唑单元:
其中n和m代表大于或等于10的整数,优选大于或等于100。
根据本发明的聚唑,特别是聚苯并咪唑,具有高分子量。测量其本征粘度,至少为1.3dl/g,特别地至少为1.4dl/g,因而显著高于市售苯并咪唑(IV<1.1dl/g)。
加热步骤B)在惰性气体下进行,优选在排除湿气的条件下进行。加热进行30分钟-24小时,优选为1小时-15小时,特别优选为2小时-10小时。为了使引入的热分布更好,提供充分混合的待加热物质是有利的。优选,在步骤B)中对物质进行搅拌。这样有另外的优点,因为在温度范围为170-270℃下观察到的泡沫形成可被控制或减少。选择适于在步骤C)中粉碎步骤B)中得到的泡沫状物质的搅拌器是有利的。如果用搅拌器进行的粉碎仍不充分,那么可将得到的粒子进一步粉碎。
为了确定粒度和粒度分布,有多种测量方法。在本发明中,筛析法足以确定粒度,因此在步骤C)中通过筛选进行分级。
但是,原则上所有导致相应分离的其他分级方法也是适当的。
对于本发明中的分级,一系列具有不同网目宽度的筛子一个接一个被叠放在筛选机中。在筛析中,粒度由这样筛子的网目宽度确定,其几乎不再使粒子通过(筛选通过的,尺寸过小的材料)。筛子用以微米级的网目内宽度来表示。
在这种方法中,级分为300μm-1000μm的粒子与留存的粒子分离,其随后用于步骤D)。步骤D)中所用材料含至少90wt.%的级分为300μm-1000μm的粒子,优选至少95wt.%,更优选至少为98wt.%。
步骤C)中粒子的分级优选在惰性气体下且排除湿气的条件下进行。如果这不能实现,那么随后需要进一步对粒子级分干燥。步骤D)所用粒子的残留水量不应超过5wt%、优选3wt.%、更优选1wt.%。干燥可通过已知方法进行。
随后,步骤D)中在惰性气体下、优选在排除湿气的情况下加热级分为300μm-1000μm的粒子至温度为450℃、优选至400℃。步骤D)中的最低温度为300℃、优选高于350℃。作为选择温度的函数,处理时间为15分钟-24小时、优选30分钟-15小时、特别优选为1小时-10小时。为使引入的热更好地分布,优选提供充分混合的待加热物质。优选在步骤D)中进行搅拌。
在本发明另一个实施方式中,步骤D)可在分离的反应器中进行,且所期望的部分级分可被放置在中间储存器中作为储存物质。优选,步骤D)在分离的反应器中进行。
在步骤D)中,聚唑聚合物浓缩和形成高分子量。
冷却后,可测量分子量。
本发明的聚唑,特别是聚苯并咪唑特征是具有高分子量。其本征粘度至少为1.3dl/g,特别地至少为1.4dl/g,从而明显超出商业聚苯并咪唑(IV<1.1dl/g)。
本发明得到的高分子量聚唑特别适用于制备模制品、纤维特别是高强度纤维和对机械性能有高要求的膜。已发现本发明高分子量聚唑的另一个优点是可形成更加稳定的具有高储存容量的溶液。
因此,本发明的目的也涉及本发明高分子量聚唑在极性的,非质子溶剂中,特别是在二甲基乙酰胺(DMAc)中的溶液。这类溶液常规的制备方法例如公开于德国专利申请No.10,052,237.8中。这类溶液适用于涂覆表面,特别是金属表面。
本发明的另一个目的涉及通过烧结或回火本发明的高分子量聚唑得到的模制品,优选通过在模具中烧结或回火。
若本发明的高分子量聚唑表现出交联,那么其具有改进的优点。若本发明的材料以这种方式使用,那么在步骤A)中也可加入三羧酸或四羧酸。在这种情况下,本发明的聚合物中可获得所期望的支化/交联。
步骤A)中加入的三羧酸和四羧酸或其酯、或它们的酸酐或它们的酰氯优选是它们的C1-C20烷基酯或C5-C12芳基酯。特别优选为1,3,5-苯三酸(苯均三酸),1,2,4-苯三酸(苯偏三酸),(2-羧苯基)亚氨基二乙酸,3,5,3’-联苯三酸,3,5,4’-联苯三酸,3,5,3’,5’-联苯四酸,1,2,4,5-苯四酸,二苯甲酮四酸,3,3’,4,4’-联苯四酸,2,2’,3,3’-联苯四酸,1,2,5,6-萘四酸或1,4,5,8-萘四酸。
三羧酸或四羧酸的含量(基于所用二酸)为0-30mol%,优选0.1-20mol%,特别是0.5-10mol%。
这类高分子量聚唑也是本发明的目的。
使用本发明的高分子量聚唑溶液制备的膜相对现有技术已知的聚合物膜具有改进的材料性能,其适合作为分离膜。
这类分离膜可被制备成致密的聚合物膜、多孔中空纤维膜或多孔的开孔聚合物膜,任选其具有紧密的覆盖层。
对于多孔物膜的制备,本发明的聚合物溶液也可含所谓的致孔剂如甘油,其可根据所述沉淀剂的组成进行选择,致孔剂可得到不同形状的分离膜。
为了分离,下列结构是优选的:i)对称的多孔结构;ii)接近膜表面处聚合物压缩的不对称多孔结构。
Journal of Membrane Science,第20卷,1984,第147-66页公开了聚苯并咪唑膜的这种特别适当结构的扫描电镜图。
这类反相膜和结构对本领域的技术人员是已知的。具有对称多孔结构的膜用作空气和气体过滤的分离和过滤膜,或用于液体的微滤或超滤。具有不对称多孔结构的膜可以多种方式用于反渗透,特别地,用于水的脱盐、渗析或气体的制备。
一个特别适当的用途是与多孔金属载体结合使用从气态混合物中分离氢气和二氧化碳。由于聚合物膜的热稳定性,用于分离CO2的可选择的技术需要将气体冷却至150℃,其中的效率被降低。基于本发明聚唑的分离膜可在温度高达400℃下连续运行,从而产率增加,成本降低。
对于基于聚唑分离膜的其他信息,可参考技术文献,特别是下述专利:世界专利No.98/14505;美国专利No.A-4,693,815;美国专利No.A-4,693,824;美国专利No.A-375,262;美国专利No.A-3,737,042;美国专利No.A-4,512,894;美国专利No.A-448,687;美国专利No.A-3,841,492。涉及分离膜结构和制造的前述引用参考文献的公开内容包括在本发明中,且是本发明说明书的一部分。特别地,这类分离膜可制备成平面膜或中空纤维膜。
为了进一步改善应用技术特征,填充剂特别是纳米级填充剂可被加到聚合物膜中。
这类填充剂非限制性的例子为:
氧化物:如Al2O3、Sb2O5、ThO2、SnO2、ZrO2、MoO3
硅酸盐:如沸石,沸石(NH4+),片状硅酸盐,网状硅酸盐,N-钠沸石,H-丝光沸石,NH4-方沸石,NH4-方钠石,NH4-没食子酸铵盐,H-蒙脱石;
填充剂:如碳化物,特别是SiC,Si3N4,纤维,特别是玻璃纤维,玻璃粉和/或聚合物纤维,优选基于聚唑的纤维。
作为添加组分,这些聚合物膜也可含捕获或破坏气体过滤操作中可能产生自由基的添加剂。
这类添加剂非限制性的例子如下:
双(三氟甲基)硝基氧,2,2-二苯基-1-苦味碱基偕腙肼,苯酚,烷基酚,立体位阻的烷基酚如Irganox,芳香胺,立体位阻的胺如Chimassorb;立体位阻的羟胺,立体位阻的烷基胺,立体位阻的羟胺,立体位阻的羟胺醚,亚磷酸盐如Irgafos,亚硝基苯,甲基-2-亚硝基丙烷,二苯甲酮,苯甲醛叔丁基硝酮,半胱胺,三聚氰胺,铅氧化物,锰氧化物,镍氧化物和钴氧化物。
在本发明聚合物膜可能的应用领域中,其中用作气体过滤和分离或气体净化中的过滤介质,和在反渗透中,用作柔韧电线的基材,用作电池隔离器,用作电线的保护膜,作为电元件和设备如电容器中的绝缘体,和作为金属和其它表面的保护膜。
从本发明高分子量聚唑溶液制备的纤维与现有技术已知的聚合物纤维相比具有改进的材料性能,例如强度、弹性模量,且其特别适用于制备高韧性纤维。若纤维用于纺织品,它们也在温度高于400℃、优选高于450℃下用稀硫酸处理。高韧性纤维在所谓基于聚合物的复合物材料、化合物材料和纤维增强模制品中用作增强纤维。
本发明的另一个目的涉及基于聚唑的聚合物纤维,其中聚唑的分子量用本征粘度表示为1.3dl/g、优选至少为1.4dl/g。
这些纤维的制备通过已知方法进行。在本发明中,本发明高分子量聚唑在极性的、非质子溶剂特别是二甲基乙酰胺(DMAc)中的溶液通过用于PBI已知的方法挤出;随后,用已知方法除去溶剂。
形成的纤维可为连续的纤维长丝或,如果纤维形成与“熔融吹塑法”相似,那么其可具有主要的纤维特征。形成纤维的纤度没有限制,因此可制备单丝纤维,即,线状纤维。根据纤维所期望的应用来确定所需要的纤度。形成纤维的所有处理均可通过已知的纤维技术来实现(参考Complete Textile Glossary,Celanese Acetate LLC,2000)。
在一种变化中,新形成的、仍含溶剂的纤维可被引入到沉淀浴中。这种引入是在温度范围为室温(20℃)至沉淀液体的沸点温度(在标准压力下)。
对于本发明的沉淀液体,可使用在室温下(即,20℃)为液态的溶剂,其选自醇、酮、烷(脂族和环脂族)、醚(脂族和环脂族)、酯、羧酸,其中前述基团可为卤化的、水、无机酸(例如H3PO4、H2SO4),及其混合物。
优选,C1-C10醇、C2-C5酮、C1-C10烷(脂族和环脂族)、C2-C6醚(脂族和环脂族)、C2-C5酯、C1-C3羧酸、二氯代甲烷、水及其混合物。
随后,所述纤维从沉淀液中游离。这优选通过干燥来实现,其中选择温度和环境压力作为沉淀液的分蒸气压。通常,干燥在标准压力下和温度为20℃-200℃下进行。而且,可在真空下进行更温和的干燥。干燥方法不受限制。
沉淀浴中的处理可形成多孔结构,特别地,具有中空纤维。根据用途,它们是后续应用中所期望的。
如前所述,从本发明高分子量聚唑溶液制备的薄膜与现有技术已知的聚合物薄膜相比具有改进的材料性能,其在作为制备质子导电膜的原料时是优良的。
对于质子导电膜的制备,首先从本发明的聚合物溶液铸塑薄膜,然后除去溶剂。为此,优选按照德国专利No.10109829.4中公开的方法。随后,高分子量聚合物膜用掺杂剂润湿并放置于其中。对于用于本发明聚合物膜的掺杂剂,可使用酸,优选公知的Lewis酸和Bronsted酸,特别是无机Lewis酸和Bronsted酸,或碱氢氧化物。除了前面提及的酸,也可使用多元酸,特别是同多酸和杂多酸,和各种酸的混合物。在本发明中,杂多酸指具有至少两个不同中心原子的无机多元酸,其由金属(优选,Cr、Mo、V、W)和非金属(优选,As、I、P、Se、Si、Te)作为组成部分的弱多价氧化物酸而形成,混合酸酐。属于这类的物质其中包括为12-钼酸根合磷酸和12-钨酸根合磷酸。
特别优选的本发明掺杂剂为硫酸、磷酸和氢氧化钾。非常优选的掺杂剂是磷酸(H3PO4)。
本发明的聚合物膜被掺杂。在本发明中,掺杂的聚合物膜指那些相对于未掺杂的聚合物膜具有改进质子导电性的聚合物膜,这是掺杂剂存在的结果。
制备掺杂聚合物膜的方法是已知的。在本发明优选的方法中,其通过用浓酸、优选高浓缩磷酸在室温-100℃下和任选在高压下,将适当聚合物的薄膜润湿适当的时间、优选5分钟-96小时、特别优选为1-72小时而得到。
本发明聚合物膜的导电容量受掺杂程度的影响。导电容量随着掺杂剂浓度的增加而增加,直到获得最大值。根据本发明,掺杂度可被表示为聚合物每摩尔重复单元中酸的摩尔数。在本发明中,掺杂度为3-15,特别地,6-12是优选的。
本发明的聚合物膜与现有技术中已知的掺杂聚合物膜相比具有改进的材料性能。特别地,与常规膜相比,它们具有非常优良的机械性能,且具有改进的工作寿命。
本发明中掺杂聚合物膜可能的用途包括用在燃料电池中、电解质中、电容器中和电池系统中的用途。基于它们的特征,掺杂聚合物膜特别适用于燃料电池。
本发明也涉及膜电极单元,其具有至少一个本发明的聚合物膜。关于膜电极单元更多的信息可参考文献,特别地参考如下专利:美国专利No.A-4,191,618;美国专利No.A-4,212,714;美国专利No.A-4,333,805。前述提及的(美国专利No.A-4,191,618;美国专利No.A-4,212,714;和美国专利No.A-4,333,805)参考文献的公开内容涉及膜电极单元的结构和制造,在此引入本发明说明书作为参考。
为了测量本征粘度(IV),聚合物首先在160℃下干燥2小时。然后将这样干燥的100mg聚合物溶解在100mL浓硫酸中(至少96wt.%),在80℃下进行4小时。按照ISO 3105用Ubbelhode粘度计在温度为25℃时测量该溶液的本征粘度。
具体实施方式
实施例1
在N2气氛下向安装有搅拌器的石英反应器中加入214.27克TAB(四-氨基联苯)和166.14克间苯二酸。随后,将混合物加热至150℃,搅拌的同时保持1小时;至190℃保持1小时;至250℃保持1小时;然后至290℃保持1.5小时。
在190℃-250℃间可观察到强泡沫形成。随后,形成的泡沫通过搅拌被粉碎成小粒子。在290℃下再经过1.5小时后,冷却反应器,然后用筛分机器将聚合物筛分成5个级分(<212、212-300、300-500、500-1000、和>1000μm)。
表1表明本征粘度(IV)和各个级分的份数。随后,将各种单独的级分倒入石英反应器中,在N2气氛下于380℃时聚合,同时搅拌3小时,然后冷却,测量聚合物的IV。
表1中给出了各种聚合物的IV值。
表1
粒度(μm) | 百分含量(%) | 分级前的IV | 聚合完成后的IV |
<212 | 31.16 | 0.23 | 0.56 |
212-300 | 16.47 | 0.25 | 1.04 |
300-500 | 18.94 | 0.25 | 1.40 |
500-1000 | 27.38 | 0.26 | 1.44 |
>1000 | 6.06 | 0.25 | 1.17 |
Claims (13)
1.一种制备基于聚唑的聚合物的方法,所述聚合物的分子量以根据ISO3105测量的本征粘度计至少为1.3dl/g,所述方法包括如下步骤:
A)将一种或多种芳香四氨基化合物与一种或多种每个羧酸单体含有至少两个酸基的芳香羧酸或其酯混合,或将一种或多种芳香和/或杂芳香二氨基羧酸混合;
B)在惰性气体下加热步骤A)中得到的混合物至温度达350℃,从而形成物质;
C)粉碎步骤B)得到的物质,并对得到的粒子进行分级,
D)在惰性气体下加热级分为300μm至1000μm的粒子至温度达450℃;和冷却。
2.如权利要求1的方法,其中所述芳香四氨基化合物选自:3,3’,4,4’-四氨基联苯,2,3,5,6-四氨基吡啶,1,2,4,5-四氨基苯,3,3’,4,4’-四氨基二苯基砜,3,3’,4,4’-四氨基二苯基醚,3,3’,4,4’-四氨基二苯甲酮,3,3’,4,4’-四氨基二苯基甲烷和3,3’,4,4’-四氨基二苯基二甲基甲烷,以及它们的盐和它们的单、二、三和四盐酸盐衍生物。
3.如权利要求1的方法,其中所述芳香二羧酸选自:间苯二酸,对苯二酸,邻苯二酸,5-羟基间苯二酸,4-羟基间苯二酸,2-羟基对苯二酸,5-氨基间苯二酸,5-N,N-二甲基氨基间苯二酸,5-N,N-二乙基氨基间苯二酸,2,5-二羟基对苯二酸,2,5-二羟基间苯二酸,2,3-二羟基间苯二酸,2,3-二羟基邻苯二酸,2,4-二羟基邻苯二酸,3,4-二羟基邻苯二酸,3-氟邻苯二酸,5-氟间苯二酸,2-氟对苯二酸,四氟邻苯二酸,四氟间苯二酸,四氟对苯二酸,1,4-萘二酸,1,5-萘二酸,2,6-萘二酸,2,7-萘二酸,联苯甲酸,1,8-二羟基萘-3,6-二酸,二苯基醚-4,4’-二羧酸,二苯甲酮-4,4’-二羧酸,二苯基砜4,4’-二羧酸,联苯-4,4’-二羧酸,4-三氟甲基邻苯二酸,2,2-双(4-羧苯基)六氟丙烷,4,4’-芪二酸,4-羧基肉桂酸或它们的C1-C20烷基酯或C5-C12芳基酯或它们的酸酐或它们的酰氯。
4.如权利要求1的方法,其中所述芳香羧酸选自:三羧酸、四羧酸或它们的C1-C20烷基酯或C5-C12芳基酯或它们的酸酐或它们的酰氯。
5.如权利要求1的方法,其中所述芳香羧酸选自:四羧酸,它们的C1-C20烷基酯或C5-C12芳基酯或它们的酸酐或它们的酰氯。
6.如权利要求4的方法,其中所述三羧酸或四羧酸的含量相对于所用的二羧酸为0至30mol%。
7.如权利要求1的方法,其中所述杂芳香羧酸选自:杂芳香二羧酸和三羧酸和四羧酸,其在环中含有至少一个氮、氧、硫或磷原子,及它们的C1-C20烷基酯或C5-C12芳基酯或它们的酸酐或它们的酰氯。
8.如权利要求1的方法,其中所述聚合物含有重复的式(I)和/或(II)和/或(III)和/或(IV)和/或(V)和/或(VI)和/或(VII)和/或(VIII)和/或(IX)和/或(X)的唑单元,
其中
Ar相同或不同,代表四价芳香或杂芳香基团,具有一个或多个环,
Ar1相同或不同,代表二价芳香或杂芳香基团,具有一个或多个环,
Ar2相同或不同,代表二价或三价芳香或杂芳香基团,具有一个或多个环,
Ar3相同或不同,代表三价芳香或杂芳香基团,具有一个或多个环,
Ar4相同或不同,代表三价芳香或杂芳香基团,具有一个或多个环,
Ar5相同或不同,代表四价芳香或杂芳香基团,具有一个或多个环,
Ar6相同或不同,代表二价芳香或杂芳香基团,具有一个或多个环,
Ar7相同或不同,代表二价芳香或杂芳香基团,具有一个或多个环,
Ar8相同或不同,代表三价芳香或杂芳香基团,具有一个或多个环,
Ar9相同或不同,代表二价或三价或四价芳香或杂芳香基团,具有一个或多个环,
Ar10相同或不同,代表二价或三价芳香或杂芳香基团,具有一个或多个环,
Ar11相同或不同,代表二价芳香或杂芳香基团,具有一个或多个环,
X相同或不同,代表氧、硫或氨基,所述氨基带有氢原子、含有1-20个碳原子的基团,或芳基基团作为另外的基团,和
n为大于或等于10的整数。
11.如权利要求1的方法,其中在步骤D)中所用的粒子级分含至少90wt.%的300μm至1000μm的粒子级分。
12.如权利要求6的方法,其中所述含量为0.5至10mol%。
13.如权利要求1的方法,其中将所述粒子级分加热至温度达400℃。
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- 2003-12-02 US US10/538,190 patent/US7696302B2/en active Active
- 2003-12-02 EP EP03782267.3A patent/EP1583789B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2003-12-02 CN CN2010101863096A patent/CN101914203B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2003-12-02 CA CA2509228A patent/CA2509228C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2003-12-02 BR BRPI0317338-0B1A patent/BR0317338B1/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2003-12-02 WO PCT/EP2003/013529 patent/WO2004055097A1/de active Application Filing
- 2003-12-02 MX MXPA05006414A patent/MXPA05006414A/es active IP Right Grant
- 2003-12-02 KR KR1020067027978A patent/KR101160032B1/ko not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2003-12-02 EP EP10005797.5A patent/EP2267060B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2003-12-02 KR KR1020057011010A patent/KR101205612B1/ko active IP Right Grant
- 2003-12-02 JP JP2004559737A patent/JP4520860B2/ja not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2003-12-02 CN CNA2003801062556A patent/CN1732208A/zh active Pending
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2006
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2007
- 2007-03-12 US US11/684,826 patent/US7837763B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CN1978500A (zh) | 2007-06-13 |
US20070151926A1 (en) | 2007-07-05 |
BR0317338B1 (pt) | 2013-07-23 |
CN101914203A (zh) | 2010-12-15 |
US7696302B2 (en) | 2010-04-13 |
US7837763B2 (en) | 2010-11-23 |
CA2509228A1 (en) | 2004-07-01 |
KR101160032B1 (ko) | 2012-06-26 |
JP4663618B2 (ja) | 2011-04-06 |
MXPA05006414A (es) | 2006-03-08 |
KR101205612B1 (ko) | 2012-11-27 |
BR0317338A (pt) | 2005-11-08 |
KR20050092704A (ko) | 2005-09-22 |
DE10258580A1 (de) | 2004-06-24 |
EP2267060B1 (de) | 2014-09-17 |
CA2509228C (en) | 2012-03-06 |
JP2007146165A (ja) | 2007-06-14 |
JP4520860B2 (ja) | 2010-08-11 |
KR20070011625A (ko) | 2007-01-24 |
CN1978500B (zh) | 2013-10-02 |
EP2267060A1 (de) | 2010-12-29 |
EP1583789A1 (de) | 2005-10-12 |
CN1732208A (zh) | 2006-02-08 |
EP1583789B1 (de) | 2014-07-02 |
US20080119634A1 (en) | 2008-05-22 |
JP2006509867A (ja) | 2006-03-23 |
WO2004055097A1 (de) | 2004-07-01 |
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