CN101910656B - 小齿轮轴承单元 - Google Patents
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C19/00—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement
- F16C19/49—Bearings with both balls and rollers
- F16C19/492—Bearings with both balls and rollers with two or more rows with angular contact
- F16C19/495—Bearings with both balls and rollers with two or more rows with angular contact with two rows
- F16C19/497—Bearings with both balls and rollers with two or more rows with angular contact with two rows in O-arrangement
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
- F16C33/30—Parts of ball or roller bearings
- F16C33/303—Parts of ball or roller bearings of hybrid bearings, e.g. rolling bearings with steel races and ceramic rolling elements
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
- F16C33/30—Parts of ball or roller bearings
- F16C33/58—Raceways; Race rings
- F16C33/60—Raceways; Race rings divided or split, e.g. comprising two juxtaposed rings
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C41/00—Other accessories, e.g. devices integrated in the bearing not relating to the bearing function as such
- F16C41/04—Preventing damage to bearings during storage or transport thereof or when otherwise out of use
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16H—GEARING
- F16H57/00—General details of gearing
- F16H57/02—Gearboxes; Mounting gearing therein
- F16H57/021—Shaft support structures, e.g. partition walls, bearing eyes, casing walls or covers with bearings
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C2240/00—Specified values or numerical ranges of parameters; Relations between them
- F16C2240/30—Angles, e.g. inclinations
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C2361/00—Apparatus or articles in engineering in general
- F16C2361/61—Toothed gear systems, e.g. support of pinion shafts
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Rolling Contact Bearings (AREA)
- General Details Of Gearings (AREA)
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种用于支撑小齿轮轴(8)的轴承单元,该小齿轮轴在一侧具有小齿轮头部(8a),该轴承单元结合锥形滚柱轴承(1)和径向止推滚珠轴承(5),该锥形滚柱轴承和径向止推滚珠轴承具有公共外座圈(2),并具有单独的用于锥形滚柱轴承的内座圈(1a)和用于径向止推滚珠轴承的内座圈(5a),该内座圈(1a、5a)沿着小齿轮轴间隔开一定距离,其中所述锥形滚柱轴承(1)具有从15°至20°的接触角(α),用于主要吸收在小齿轮头部处的齿部件的径向力;一排径向止推滚珠轴承(5)具有在35°和45°之间的接触角(β),用于主要吸收来自齿轮啮合并且是由锥形滚柱轴承引起的轴向力。
Description
技术领域
具有负准双曲面偏移的用于前桥差速器的混合小齿轮轴承单元以及动力传输单元。
背景技术
发明内容
本发明涉及具有负准双曲面偏移的用于机动车辆的前桥差速器的混合小齿轮轴承单元以及用于机动车辆的动力传输单元,并且目的是在动力传动系统中提供小齿轮轴的轴承组件的应用定向优化。对于当前的动力传动系统,由于在将来不断增大负准双曲面偏移(也就是,差速器的转动轴位于相应的小齿轮轴之下),在前桥差速器以及与锥形驱动相关的螺旋方向的转化中,在准双曲面齿轮中的力的状态也将变化。因此,在将来在牵引操作中的小齿轮轴将被拉入到伞齿轮(crown wheel gears)中。为了仍然能够获得齿的侧面的尽可能低的间隙,首先需要具有在轴向方向刚度优化的轴承组件。
相应的状态在用于全轮驱动车辆的所谓PTU(动力传输单元)也存在,在PTU上从动小齿轮轴经由伞齿轮传递它的力到从动驱动元件,结果轴向力具有如上所述的相同效果。
在两种情形下,在伞齿轮和小齿轮之间的齿啮合中的力状态与现今在后轮驱动中常见的状态相比,并不相同,因此根据本发明的轴承单元意在使得可以在获得关于轴承刚度的明显改善的同时显著降低轴承损失的影响。
US4,729,252公开一种用于小齿轮轴的轴承单元,该小齿轮轴结合锥形滚柱轴承和径向止推滚珠轴承,所述锥形滚柱轴承和径向止推滚珠轴承具有公共的外座圈和单独的轴向间隔开的内座圈,注意到,锥形滚柱轴承的接触线以小于90°的角度彼此相交并且径向止推滚珠轴承的滚珠的接触线同样地以小于90°的角度彼此相交。
这样的轴承组合的刚度在用于锥形滚柱轴承和径向止推滚珠轴承的不同特征方面并不是优化的。
因此,本发明的目的是提出改进的这种类型的轴承单元,由此消除上述问题,并且这是在当轴承单元根据所附权利要求1的特征部分进行设计时得以实现。
附图说明
在此及后,将通过如附图所示的优选实施例进一步描述本发明,其中:
图1示出根据本发明的通过小齿轮轴承单元的一部分的截面。
图2是图1所示的小齿轮轴承单元的对应视图,但是小齿轮轴承单元连接到了小齿轮轴。
具体实施方式
图1示出根据本发明的小齿轮轴承单元的上半部的截面,其中两排式的轴承单元存在于摩擦优化锥形滚柱轴承1的小齿轮头部侧上和径向止推滚珠轴承5的小齿轮尾部侧上。两排轴承都具有一个公共的一件式的外座圈2,其中设置有两个相对的油孔3(仅一个示出),而内座圈1a和5a分别通过间隔套筒6轴向间隔开。在公共的外座圈1的远离小齿轮头部的侧面上设置有用于安装目的的外部凸缘4。轴承1、5以背对背的关系安装为预载荷轴承,具有关于刚度和摩擦损耗的最优预负载。
为了获得这样的尽可能高的轴承刚度同时降低轴承摩擦并降低产生的磨损以延长轴承寿命周期,有必要根据需要以理想的方式设计内轴承几何结构。
因此,有必要从应用技术原理方面利用锥形滚柱轴承和径向止推滚珠轴承的不同特征以实现所述目标。
据此,优化理想方式的锥形滚柱轴承1以产生尽可能低的摩擦从而用来吸收径向力,所述径向力是在小齿轮头部的齿轮中传递的扭矩的函数,锥形滚柱轴承1具有从15°-20°的接触角α以为了吸收在小齿轮头部上的齿力的轴向力分量,并且为了同时吸收由锥形滚柱轴承1引起的轴向力,一排径向止推滚珠轴承5具有从35°-45°的接触角β。
滚柱体承受最小的反作用力,这是由于两个接触角度是不同大小的事实所获得的作用,这具有对轴承刚度以及轴承摩擦损失正面的影响。径向止推滚珠轴承的大接触角提供分别用于轴承单元的增大的承载能力和优化的轴向刚度比率。
为了进一步降低轴承的损失影响并增大轴承的刚度,径向止推滚珠轴承还可以设置有陶瓷材料的滚珠。
取决于在小齿轮头部上的最初描述的力关系,在小齿轮头部侧上的锥形滚柱轴承1受到轴向卸载,其在高操作力下引起载荷区,受限于某些锥形滚柱以及内外座圈之间的同时的必要倾斜。为了排除在滚动接触时不允许的高边缘应力的风险,锥形滚柱设计为在包络直径(the envelope diameter)处具有对数轮廓(logarithmic profile)。
为了满足尽可能高的轴承刚度的要求,同时轴承摩擦力矩和轴承损失影响尽可能低,以关于轴承预载荷的参数尽可能最好的方式,制造轴承单元,并分别考虑轴承外圈和壳体之间以及轴承内圈和轴之间的通常的配合条件,在安装前具有0.03-0.07毫米的轴向间隙。这导致从2000N到最大5000N的应用最佳轴承预载荷。
因此,已经考虑到了对低摩擦的不断增大的要求以及同时对更高刚度的要求,这是对更高功率密度的要求的结果。
因为包括轴承外座圈2、内座圈1a和5a以及中间间隔套筒6的轴承单元在组装之前没有保持在一起,在图1中示出了它们为了运输的目的如何通过利用延伸超过内座圈1a和5a的每一个的一部分以及延伸超过中间间隔套筒6的内安装套筒7而彼此固定。用于运输套筒的拆卸力限制到最大F=100N。
任选地,可以获得构造高度容差的降低,见图2的附图标记12,这导致在调节小齿轮和伞齿轮之间的齿侧间隙方面明显降低的成本。
其它可能性:
为了增大集成度,可以在径向止推滚珠轴承的侧面上的外座圈的孔中安装径向轴密封圈10。为了用于轻金属壳体,还设置O圈11作为静油封。还可以想到,为了传递轴向力到壳体,在外座圈上分别利用台肩或凸缘的最不同的设计。在图2中示出处于安装状态的混合小齿轮轴轴承单元:
在小齿轮轴8上的轴承单元的安装受限于:
-同时上推或下压两个内圈1a和5a,
-旋转带小齿轮头部8a的小齿轮轴8若干次直到锥形滚柱抵靠接合于在小齿轮头部8a上的引导凸缘,
-通过应用特定的上紧力矩上紧小齿轮螺母9以获得理想的预紧力。
本发明并不限于附图所示以及参照附图描述的实施例,而是可以在所附权利要求的范围内进行变化和修改。
Claims (6)
1.一种用于支撑小齿轮轴(8)的轴承单元,该小齿轮轴在一侧具有小齿轮头部(8a),该轴承单元结合锥形滚柱轴承(1)和径向止推滚珠轴承(5),该锥形滚柱轴承和径向止推滚珠轴承具有公共外座圈(2),并具有单独的用于锥形滚柱轴承的内座圈(1a)和用于径向止推滚珠轴承的内座圈(5a),该内座圈(1a、5a)沿着小齿轮轴间隔开一定距离,其中所述锥形滚柱轴承(1)具有从15°至20°的接触角(α),用于主要吸收在小齿轮头部处的齿力的径向力分量;一排径向止推滚珠轴承(5)具有在35°和45°之间的接触角(β),用于主要吸收来自齿轮啮合并且是由锥形滚柱轴承引起的轴向力。
2.如权利要求1所述的轴承单元,其中,所述径向止推滚珠轴承(5)和所述锥形滚柱轴承(1)中的至少一个的转动体是由陶瓷材料制成。
3.如权利要求1或2所述的轴承单元,其中,所述锥形滚柱轴承(1)的滚柱设计为具有对数轮廓用于降低边缘压力。
4.如权利要求1所述的轴承单元,其中,所述两个内座圈(1a、5a)为了运输目的通过安装套筒(7)固定就位。
5.如权利要求1所述的轴承单元,其中,密封件(10)配合到与所述小齿轮头部(8a)相对侧面上的公共外座圈。
6.如权利要求1所述的轴承单元,其中,密封件(11)设置在所述公共的外座圈(2)的外包络表面中的圆周槽中,并意在作为抵靠着周围壳体的内壁的静油封。
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JP5609217B2 (ja) * | 2010-04-07 | 2014-10-22 | 株式会社Ihi | 過給機 |
US8359144B2 (en) * | 2010-11-01 | 2013-01-22 | GM Global Technology Operations LLC | Driveline lash management in powertrain systems |
US9091298B2 (en) * | 2011-08-19 | 2015-07-28 | Ford Global Technologies, Llc | Pinion assembly preloading system |
CN102500774A (zh) * | 2011-12-26 | 2012-06-20 | 东北大学 | 一种数控刀架三联齿盘定位结构 |
US9593756B2 (en) * | 2013-07-31 | 2017-03-14 | American Axle & Manufacturing, Inc. | Bearing assembly configured to handle axial and radial loads |
US9347493B2 (en) | 2013-10-21 | 2016-05-24 | Schaeffler Technologies AG & Co. KG | Bearing assembly including tapered rollers and spherical rolling elements |
EP3001051A1 (en) * | 2014-09-29 | 2016-03-30 | Aktiebolaget SKF | Bearing unit for pinions |
US9739360B2 (en) | 2015-04-09 | 2017-08-22 | Magna Powertrain Of America, Inc. | Power transfer assemblies for motor vehicle drivelines having integrated two-piece pinion shaft and coupling unit |
US20160327093A1 (en) * | 2015-05-06 | 2016-11-10 | Michael D. Johns | Bearing for use in directional drilling |
DE102019133158A1 (de) * | 2019-12-05 | 2021-06-10 | Schaeffler Technologies AG & Co. KG | Mehrreihige Wälzlageranordnung |
DE102019133155A1 (de) * | 2019-12-05 | 2021-01-07 | Schaeffler Technologies AG & Co. KG | Mehrreihige Wälzlageranordnung |
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CN1558994A (zh) * | 2001-03-09 | 2004-12-29 | ����ɭ���ʹɷ�����˾ | 全补偿圆锥滚柱轴承 |
EP1741942A2 (de) * | 2005-07-07 | 2007-01-10 | Ab Skf | Lagerung einer Welle eines Kegelrades |
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WO2009062530A1 (en) | 2009-05-22 |
US20110007992A1 (en) | 2011-01-13 |
JP5227417B2 (ja) | 2013-07-03 |
US9903413B2 (en) | 2018-02-27 |
CN101910656A (zh) | 2010-12-08 |
JP2011503477A (ja) | 2011-01-27 |
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