CN101904844B - 用于预防或治疗骨质疏松或肥胖的含有苯基四唑衍生物的药物组合物 - Google Patents
用于预防或治疗骨质疏松或肥胖的含有苯基四唑衍生物的药物组合物 Download PDFInfo
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- CN101904844B CN101904844B CN2010101908152A CN201010190815A CN101904844B CN 101904844 B CN101904844 B CN 101904844B CN 2010101908152 A CN2010101908152 A CN 2010101908152A CN 201010190815 A CN201010190815 A CN 201010190815A CN 101904844 B CN101904844 B CN 101904844B
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- ylmethyl
- butyl
- tetrazol
- biphenyl
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Abstract
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于预防或治疗骨质疏松症、肥胖症、糖尿病或高脂血症的药物组合物,其包括作为活性成分的苯基四唑衍生物或其药用盐。
背景技术
随着老龄人口数量的增加,老年性疾病诸如骨质疏松症变得越来越普遍。骨质疏松症是一种能引起骨质密度(BMD)降低、破坏骨微结构以及改变骨中各种蛋白质含量的骨疾病,可导致骨折的风险增加。骨质疏松症是由于骨吸收与骨形成之间的不平衡导致的,当骨吸收的速度超过骨形成时,骨质疏松症便开始发展。骨质疏松症中,钙化的骨组织密度降低,导致骨髓腔扩张。上述症状进展时,即使很轻的压力冲击,也很容易发生骨折。
对骨质疏松症的早期研究主要集中在钙和磷代谢紊乱,但却没有明确其发病机理。现有的治疗骨质疏松症的治疗制剂以二磷酸盐产品(例如,阿仑膦酸钠和依替膦酸钠)、激素产品(例如,雷洛昔芬)、维生素D产品、降钙素产品和钙产品为代表。然而,二磷酸盐产品的问题是吸收率低、服用方法繁琐及容易诱导食管炎。激素产品需要终身给药,这可能导致副作用,诸如乳腺癌、子宫癌、胆结石和血栓形成。维生素D产品价格昂贵,也没有太大效果。降钙素产品也存在价格较高且服用不便的问题。钙产品副作用较少,但仅限于预防而非治疗。短期服药不能非常有效地治疗骨质疏松症,需要长期服药。因此,人们需要一种能长期服用、副作用极大地减少并且具有增强药效的新型药物。
骨髓源性成人干细胞,特别是间质干细胞(MSCs),属于多潜能细胞类型,其分化成几个不同的细胞谱系,诸如骨细胞、软骨细胞、肌细胞和脂肪细胞。成人干细胞的分化趋于减少与年龄有关的疾病,以预防骨、软骨和肌肉组织再生的减少、免疫功能下降及环境引起的疾病。因此,激活成人干细胞分化的方法可以有效治疗与代谢疾病、骨疾病和老龄化相关的疾病。
成人干细胞分化成特定的细胞类型是由重要的转录因子控制的,该转录因子的表达通过与外部信号转导的相互作用来调节。特别地,已知脂肪细胞的分化由转录因子PPARγ(过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体)调节。转录因子通过与不同的配体结合可以促进或抑制脂肪细胞分化,已知转录因子活性的增加有助于脂肪细胞分化,导致肥胖增加[MacDougald等,Annu.Rev.Biochem.,1995;64:345-73;Adams等,J.Clin.Invest.,1997;100:3149-53;Fajas等,Curr.Opin.CellBiol.,1998;10:165-73]。
最近,已经鉴定出一种调节转录因子PPARγ的转录共激活因子,蛋白TAZ(具有PDZ-结合基序的转录共激活因子)[Kanai等,Embo.J.,2000;19:6778-91]。TAZ蛋白被克隆为与14-3-3蛋白结合的伴侣蛋白,其第89位丝氨酸被磷酸化,在胞液中与14-3-3蛋白相互作用[Kanai等,Embo.J.,2000;19:6778-91;Park等,J.Biol.Chem.,2004;279:17384-90]。TAZ蛋白含有WW结构域、螺旋-螺旋结构域和PDZ-结合基序,这表明与其他蛋白各种结合的可能性。特别地,WW结构域显示出与肽序列PPXY有很强的亲和力,这表明TAZ蛋白与多个含有PPXY基序的蛋白结合的可能性。2003年,人们发现,蛋白TAZ中的WW结构域与决定性调节因子RUNX2(Runt-相关转录因子2)结合,能促进破骨细胞分化。据报道,通过结合,RUNX2靶基因的表达调节活性被放大以及骨-特异性基因的表达增加,从而导致成骨的易化作用[Hong等,Science,2005;309:1074-8]。进一步地,多瘤病毒T抗原,已知为一种结合到蛋白TAZ的WW结构域的蛋白,但其在细胞中具体的功能尚不明确。更进一步地,PPARγ,一种具有PPXY基序的转录因子,被鉴定为一种新型TAZ结合蛋白,且这种通过PPARγ的结合抑制脂肪细胞分化[Hong等,Science,2005;309:1074-8]。蛋白TAZ抑制脂肪细胞分化的机制可以通过如下事实来解释:蛋白TAZ与PPARγ结合,不仅抑制PPARγ的DNA结合活性,而且还抑制基因转录易化活性,从而抑制脂肪细胞-特异性PPARγ靶基因的表达。蛋白TAZ与RUNX2和PPARγ的结合在调节MSCs的分化中起到非常重要的作用。具体而言,人们发现在MSCs的分化过程中,破骨细胞很容易分化,而通过蛋白TAZ与RUNX2和PPARγ的结合,脂肪细胞的分化退步了[Hong等,Science,2005;309:1074-8;Deng等,Front Biosci.,2008;13:2001-21;Hong等,Cell Cycle 2006;5:176-179]。也就是说,蛋白TAZ的分化决定了MSCs的分化。
已知TBX5(T-box转录因子5)是另一种TAZ结合蛋白,人们认为其结合在上肢和心脏形成过程中具有重要的作用[Murakami等,Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.,USA.,2005;102:18034-9]。进一步地,TBX5可能与在早期胚胎阶段很重要的蛋白PAX3结合,调节其功能[Murakami等,Biochemical & Biophysical Research Communications,2006;339:533-9]。此外,蛋白TAZ通过PDZ-结合基序与含不同PDZ结构域的蛋白结合显示出其活性。TTF-1(甲状腺转录因子-1)是一种在肺发育中起激活作用的基因,能调节表面活性蛋白-C基因表达。蛋白TAZ被认为是一种转录共激活因子,通过与TTF-1结合来促进表面活性蛋白-C基因表达。[Park等,J.Biol.Chem.,2004;279:17384-90]。进一步地,有人提出蛋白TAZ通过与TEF-1(转录增强因子-1)结合,能在肌肉组织中调控TEF-1调节性基因的表达[Mahoney等,Biochem.J.,2005;388:217-25]。
除了具有调整间质干细胞分化的功能外,已知TAZ在乳腺癌细胞MCF7的迁移、侵袭和肿瘤生成中还有其它功能[Chan等,CancerRes.,2008;68:2592-8]。据报道,在TAZ-不足的动物模型中发现了形成多个肾囊的多囊肾疾病,且人们已尝试用各种办法来研究蛋白TAZ 的功能[Makita等,Am.J.Physiol.Renal.Physiol.,2008;294:F542-53;Tian等,Molecular & Cellular Biology,2007;27:6383-95]。同时,有些报道称在成骨分化中FGF-2导致了TAZ蛋白减少[Deng ZL等,Front Biosci.,2008;13:2001-21;Eda等,Biochemical & Biophysical Research Communications,2008;366:471-5],尽管TAZ蛋白的功能很重要,但是对于TAZ蛋白的调节性机制的研究却很少。
TAZ蛋白在作为调节具有DNA结合活性的转录因子的转录共激活因子时,其从细胞液到细胞质的迁移是先决条件。迄今为止,已知TAZ蛋白能通过丝氨酸去磷酸化作用迁移到细胞核中,有人提出抑制蛋白TAZ与14-3-3之间结合的方法可以增加TAZ蛋白到细胞核的迁移。因此,人们认为有助于TAZ迁移到细胞核的化合物对脂肪细胞分化具有抑制作用,且该化合物也有助于成骨细胞分化。
本发明人一直在努力寻找一种能有效预防或治疗骨质疏松症、糖尿病或高脂血症的化合物,结果发现苯基四唑衍生物通过调节TAZ蛋白能有效治疗或预防骨质疏松症的,同时通过抑制脂肪细胞分化能有效治疗肥胖。
发明内容
因此,本发明的目的是提供一种用于预防或治疗骨质疏松症、肥胖症、糖尿病或高脂血症的药物组合物,其包括作为活性成分的苯基四唑衍生物或其药用盐。
本发明的一个方面是提供一种用于预防或治疗骨质疏松症、肥胖症、糖尿病或高脂血症的药物组合物,包括作为活性成分的式(I)的化合物或其药用盐:
其中,A为乙基或正丁基;R1为甲基、-CH2OH、-CO2CH3、-CH2F、-CH(OCH3)2、-CH2OC(=O)CH3、苯乙烯基或-CH2OCH2SCH3;R2为H、Br、-CO2CH3、苯基、吡啶-2-基、吡啶-3-基、或苯乙烯基;R3为H或甲基;X为CH或N;以及P为H或-CH(CH3)OCH2CH3。
本发明的药物组合物包括式(I)的苯基四唑衍生物,通过调节蛋白TAZ,可有效用于预防或治疗骨质疏松症、肥胖症、糖尿病或高脂血症。
发明详述
下文将具体描述本发明的药物组合物。
优选地,式(I)的化合物选自如下化合物:
式(II)所示的{2-乙基-7-甲基-3-[2′-(1H-四唑-5-基)联苯-4-基甲基]-3H-咪唑并[4,5-b]吡啶-5-基}甲醇:
式(III)所示的2-丁基-5-甲基-6-吡啶-3-基-3-[2′-(1H-四唑-5-基)联苯-4-基甲基]-3H-咪唑并[4,5-b]吡啶:
式(IV)所示的2-丁基-6-吡啶-2-基-3-[2′-(1H-四唑-5-基)联苯-4-基甲基]-3H-咪唑并[4,5-b]吡啶-5-甲酸甲酯:
式(V)所示的{2-丁基-7-甲基-3-[2′-(1H-四唑-5-基)联苯-4-基甲基]-3H-咪唑并[4,5-b]吡啶-5-基}甲醇:
式(VI)所示的2-丁基-5-氟甲基-6-(1-氧吡啶-2-基)-3-[2′-(1H-四唑-5-基)联苯-4-基甲基]-3H-咪唑并[4,5-b]吡啶:
式(VII)所示的(2-丁基-5-二甲氧甲基-3-{2′-[1-(1-乙氧乙基)-1H-四唑-5-基]联苯-4-基甲基}-3H-咪唑并[4,5-b]吡啶-6-基)苯基甲醇:
式(VIII)所示的{2-丁基-5-二甲氧甲基-3-[2′-(1H-四唑-5-基)联苯-4-基甲基]-3H-咪唑并[4,5-b]吡啶-6-基}苯基甲醇:
式(IX)所示的6-溴-2-丁基-3-{2′-[1-(1-乙氧乙基)-1H-四唑-5-基]联苯-4-基甲基}-3H-咪唑并[4,5-b]吡啶-5-基甲基乙酸酯:
式(X)所示的6-溴-2-丁基-3-[2′-(1H-四唑-5-基)联苯-4-基甲基]-3H-咪唑并[4,5-b]吡啶-5-基甲基乙酸酯:
式(XI)所示的2-丁基-7-甲基-5-((甲基硫烷基甲氧)甲基)-6-苯基-3-[2′-(1H-四唑-5-基)联苯-4-基甲基]-3H-咪唑并[4,5-b]吡啶:
式(XII)所示的2-丁基-6-苯乙烯基-1-[2′-(1H-四唑-5-基)联苯-4-基甲基]-1H-苯并咪唑-5-甲酸甲酯:
式(XIII)所示的2-丁基-5-苯乙烯基-1-[2′-(1H-四唑-5-基)联苯-4-基甲基]-1H-苯并咪唑-6-甲酸甲酯:
式(II)至(XIII)的化合物详述如下:
表1
本发明化合物的结构和特征
式(II)至(V)的化合物可以按照常规的方法制备。下文将详述式(VI)至(XIII)的化合物的制备方法。
式(VI)的化合物可以按照反应式1来制备:
反应式1
<第1步>
在碱性条件下,将式(I-1)的化合物与式(I-2)的化合物在溶剂中进行烷基化反应,得到式(I-3)的化合物。优选地,所述碱为氢氧化钠、碳酸钠、碳酸钾或三乙胺,所述溶剂为二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)、乙腈或四氢呋喃(THF)。反应可以在室温下进行3小时。
<第2步>
将式(I-3)的化合物溶解于二氯甲烷中,在-78℃下逐滴加入DAST(三氟化二乙氨基硫,1.2eq)。然后将所得溶液缓慢加热到0℃,反应10分钟,得到式(I-4)的化合物。
<第3步>
将式(I-4)的化合物溶解于甲苯中,加入2-三丁基锡吡啶(1-3eq)和四(三苯基膦)钯(0.03eq)。所得溶液在120℃保持15小时,得到式(I-5)的化合物。
<第4步>
将式(I-5)的化合物溶解于溶剂中,加入氧化剂(1.3-5eq),所得溶液在室温下保持1-10小时,得到式(I-6)的化合物。优选地,所述氧化剂为间氯过氧苯甲酸(MCPBA)、臭氧、过氧化氢或过氧乙酸,所述溶剂为二氯甲烷、丙酮、甲醇、乙酸或水。优选地,该反应于室温下在MCPBA(1.5eq)和二氯甲烷的溶剂中进行5小时。
<第5步>
将式(I-6)的化合物溶解于甲醇、乙醇或四氢呋喃中,加入酸(1-5eq),所得溶液在室温下保持10分钟至3小时,得到式(VI)的化合物,其中四唑基未保护。优选地,所述酸为无水盐酸、盐酸、对甲基苯磺酸、MeSO3H或乙酸。
式(I-1)和(I-2)的化合物可以根据WO 95/21838、WO 95/34564、以及韩国专利公开号Nos.96-00884和95-25039中公开的方法来制备。
式(VII)和(VIII)的化合物可以按照反应式2来制备:
反应式2
<第1步>
重复反应式1的第1步操作,不同之处在于使用式(II-1)的化合物作为起始原料,得到式(II-2)的化合物。
<第2步>
将式(II-2)的化合物溶解于N,N-二甲基甲酰胺中,加入1-苯乙烯基硼酸(1-1.5eq),然后加入Pd(PPh3)4(5mol%)、3M Na2CO3(2eq)或Pd(OAc)2(3mol%)、PPh3(10mol%)和三乙胺(2eq)。所得混合物在110℃保持5小时,得到式(II-3)的化合物。
<第3步>
将式(II-3)的化合物溶解于1,4-二氧六环/水(3∶1)中,然后加入OsO4(3-10mol%)和NaIO4(2-3eq)。所得混合物在室温下保持3小时,得到式(II-4)的化合物。或者,将所得混合物溶入二氯甲烷中,加入臭氧并在-78℃保温2小时,得到式(II-4)的化合物。
<第4步>
将式(II-4)的化合物溶解于四氢呋喃或二乙基醚中,然后加入PhMgBr或PhMgCl(1-2eq)。所得混合物在-78℃至0℃的温度范围内保持1小时,得到式(VII)的化合物。
<第5步>
重复反应式1的第5步操作,不同之处在于使用式(VII)的化合物作为起始原料,得到式(VIII)的化合物。
式(II-1)的化合物可以根据WO 95/21838和韩国专利公开号No.95-25039中公开的方法来制备。
式(IX)和(X)的化合物可以按照反应式3来制备:
反应式3
<第1步>
重复反应式1的第1步操作,不同之处在于使用式(III-1)的化合物作为起始原料,得到式(IX)的化合物。
<第2步>
重复反应式1的第5步操作,不同之处在于使用式(IX)的化合物作为起始原料,得到式(X)的化合物。
式(III-1)的化合物可以根据WO 95/21838、US 5,691,348和韩国专利公开号No.95-25039中公开的方法来制备。
式(XI)的化合物可以按照反应式4来制备:
反应式4
<第1步>
重复反应式1的第1步操作,不同之处在于使用式(IV-1)的化合物作为起始原料,得到式(IV-2)的化合物。
<第2步>
将式(IV-2)的化合物溶解于N,N-二甲基甲酰胺中,加入NaH(1.5eq)作为碱,然后加入ClCH2SMe(1.1eq)和碘化钠(0.3-1eq)。所得混合物在0℃至室温的温度范围内保持3小时,得到式(IV-3)的化合物。
<第3步>
重复反应式1的第5步操作,不同之处在于使用式(IV-3)的化合物作为起始原料,得到式(XI)的化合物。
式(IV-1)的化合物可以根据WO 95/21838、US 5,691,348和韩国专利公开号No.95-25039中公开的方法来制备。
式(XII)和(XIII)的化合物可以按照反应式5来制备:
反应式5
其中,R1和R2分别独立地为Br或COOMe(规定R1和R2不相同),且若式(V-2)中的R1为Br,则式(V-3)中的R1为苯乙烯基,若式(V-2)中的R1为COOMe,则式(V-3)中的R2为苯乙烯基。
<第1步>
重复反应式1的第1步操作,不同之处在于使用式(V-1)的化合物作为起始原料,得到式(V-2)的化合物。获得等量的异构体。
<第2步>
重复反应式2的第2步操作,不同之处在于使用式(V-2)的化合物作为起始原料,得到Suzuki偶合的式(V-3)的化合物。
<第3步>
重复反应式1的第5步操作,不同之处在于使用式(V-3)的化合物作为起始原料,得到式(XII)和(XIII)的化合物。
式(V-1)的化合物可以根据WO 95/21838、US 5,691,348和韩国专利公开号No.95-25039中公开的方法来制备。
式(I)的化合物以与游离酸诸如有机或无机酸形成药用加成盐的形式使用。所述无机酸的示例包括盐酸、氢溴酸、硫酸、亚硫酸、磷酸,优选地为盐酸,而有机酸可以是柠檬酸、乙酸、马来酸,富马酸,葡萄糖酸,甲磺酸,乙醇酸,琥珀酸,酒石酸,4-对甲苯磺酸,半乳糖醛酸,扑酸(embonic acid),谷氨酸,天冬氨酸,优选甲磺酸。
本发明的加成盐可采用常规方法制备,例如通过将式(I)的化合物溶于水溶性有机溶剂(例如丙酮、甲醇、乙醇和乙腈),加入等量或过量的上述有机或无机酸,然后通过沉淀或结晶、或者蒸干溶剂或过量的酸,接着减压干燥或过滤沉淀的盐。
本领域的普通技术人员可以理解,本发明不仅包括式(I)的化合物及其药用盐,而且由其制备的溶剂化物、水合物和立体异构体,均属于本发明的范围。
本发明式(I)化合物的特征在于可以预防或治疗骨质疏松症、肥胖症、糖尿病或高脂血症。本发明的化合物有助于转录因子共激活因子、蛋白TAZ迁移到细胞核(见试验1),迁移的TAZ蛋白不仅可以通过与PPARγ彼此结合抑制PPARγ的活性,以抑制脂肪细胞分化(见试验2),还可以通过与RUNX2彼此结合增加RUNX2的活性,有助于成骨细胞分化(见试验3)。进一步地,在体外实验中,本发明的化合物显示对脂肪细胞分化的抑制作用和对成骨细胞分化的易化作用(见试验4)。因此,本发明式(I)的化合物可以用于预防或治疗骨质疏松症、肥胖症、糖尿病或高脂血症。
本发明的药物组合物可以制成口服或非胃肠道给药制剂。
口服给药的组合物可以是各种形式,诸如片剂、丸剂、软或硬明胶胶囊、水溶液、混悬剂、乳剂、糖浆剂、颗粒剂和酏剂,上述制剂可以含有常规的添加剂,诸如稀释剂(如乳糖,右旋糖,蔗糖,甘露醇,山梨醇,纤维素和甘氨酸),润滑剂(如二氧化硅,滑石粉,硬脂酸或其镁盐或钙盐,及聚乙二醇)。片剂可能还包含粘合剂(如镁铝硅酸盐,淀粉糊,明胶,黄蓍胶,甲基纤维素,羧甲基纤维素钠和聚乙烯吡咯烷酮)和可选地崩解剂(如淀粉,琼脂和海藻酸或其钠盐),吸附剂,着色剂,风味剂,甜味剂等。
本发明的药物组合物可以制成口服或非胃肠道给药制剂,包括皮下、静脉内、腹膜内或胸廓内注射。非胃肠道制剂可以单位剂量形式制备,通过将式(I)化合物或其药用盐与稳定剂或缓冲剂在水中混合,得到溶液或混悬液,包装于安瓿瓶或小瓶内。
所述组合物可以是无菌的和/或含有助剂,诸如防腐剂、稳定剂、润湿剂、乳化剂,控制渗透压的盐和/或缓冲溶液,及其它药学上有效的物质,并可以任何的常规方法制备,如混合、制粒或包衣。
以下实施例将更详细地阐明本发明。然而,这些实施例仅为示例作用,不用来限制本发明的范围。
通过红外光谱、NMR谱、质谱、液相色谱、X-射线结晶学或将代表性化合物的最终分析值与实际测量值进行比较,确认本发明的分子结构。
实施例1:2-丁基-5-氟甲基-6-(1-氧吡啶-2-基)-3-[2′-(1H-四唑-5-基)联苯-4-基甲基]-3H-咪唑并[4,5-b]吡啶(式VI)的制备
<1-1>(2-丁基-3-{2′-[1-(1-乙氧乙基)-1H-四唑-5-基]联苯-4-基甲基}-6-
溴-3H-咪唑并[4,5-b]吡啶-5-基)甲醇(式I-3)的制备
将(2-丁基-6-溴-3H-咪唑并[4,5-b]吡啶-5-基)甲醇(0.70g,2.49mmol)溶于10mL的N,N-二甲基甲酰胺,然后向所得溶液中加入碳酸钾(1.03g.7.5mmol)和5-(4′-(溴甲基)联苯-2-基)-1-(1-乙氧乙基)-1H-四唑(1.2g,3.0mmol),接着在室温下搅拌混合物5小时。向反应混合物中加入60mL水稀释,用乙酸乙酯萃取(60mL x 2)。用无水硫酸钠干燥有机层,过滤,去除溶剂。将所得残渣减压浓缩,用硅胶柱色谱(正己烷∶乙酸乙酯=2∶1)精制得到题述化合物(0.92g,收率:63%)。
1H-NMR(300MHz,CDCl3)δ0.94(t,3H),1.06(t,3H),1.43(m,2H),1.64(d,3H),1.82(m,2H),2.84(t,2H),3.23(m,1H),3.42(m,1H),4.18(t,1H,OH),4.71(d,2H),5.52(s,2H),5.87(q,1H),7.09-7.17(m,4H),7.32-7.53(m,3H),7.86(d,1H),7.89(s,1H);MS(m/e,M+):590。
<1-2>甲磺酸2-丁基-3-{2′-[1-(1-乙氧乙基)-1H-四唑-5-基]联苯-4-基
甲基}-6-溴-5-氟甲基-3H-咪唑并[4,5-b]吡啶(式I-4)的制备
将步骤<1-1>得到的式(I-3)化合物(0.56g,0.95mmol)溶于10mL二氯甲烷中,然后冷却至-78℃,缓慢滴加三氟化二乙氨基硫(DAST,0.14mL,1.05mmol)。将所得溶液缓慢加热至0℃,再搅拌10分钟,加水完成反应。用50mL水稀释反应混合物,用乙酸乙酯(50mL x 2)萃取。用无水硫酸钠干燥有机层,过滤,去除溶剂。将所得残渣减压浓缩,用硅胶柱色谱(正己烷∶乙酸乙酯=2∶1)精制得到题述化合物(0.32g,收率:57%)。
1H-NMR(300MHz,CDCl3)δ0.90(t,3H),1.06(t,3H),1.39(m,2H),1.63(d,3H),1.76(m,2H),2.80(t,2H),3.20(m,1H),3.42(m,1H),5.46(s,2H),5.59和5.75(s,1H,CH2F),5.87(q,1H),7.05(d,2H),7.13(d,2H),7.37-7.53(m,3H),7.86(dd,1H),8.18(s,1H);MS(m/e,M+):592。
<1-3>2-丁基-3-{2′-[1-(1-乙氧乙基)-1H-四唑-5-基]联苯-4-基甲基}-5-
氟甲基-6-吡啶-2-基-3H-咪唑并[4,5-b]吡啶(式I-5)的制备
将步骤<1-2>得到的式(I-4)化合物(200mg,0.34mmol)溶于10mL甲苯中,然后加入2-三丁基锡吡啶(250mg,0.68mmol)和Pd(PPh3)4(20mg,0.017mmol),接着在120℃反应16小时。除去溶剂,将所得残渣减压浓缩,用硅胶柱色谱(1.正己烷∶乙酸乙酯(1∶1);2.乙酸乙酯)精制得到油状题述化合物(160mg,收率:80%)。
1H-NMR(300MHz,CDCl3)δ0.92(t,3H),1.07(t,3H),1.41(m,2H),1.64(d,3H),1.81(m,2H),2.83(t,2H),3.20(m,1H),3.42(m,1H),5.54(dd,2H),5.58和5.74(s,1H,CH2F),5.87(q,1H),7.12(d,2H),7.15(d,2H),7.41-7.61(m,5H),7.84(m,2H),8.13(s,1H),8.72(d,1H);MS(m/e,M+):590。
<1-4>2-丁基-3-{2′-[1-(1-乙氧乙基)-1H-四唑-5-基]联苯-4-基甲基}-5-
氟甲基-6-(1-氧吡啶-2-基)-3H-咪唑并[4,5-b]吡啶(式I-6)的制备
将步骤<1-3>得到的式(I-5)化合物(240mg,0.40mmol)溶于5mL二氯甲烷中,然后加入间氯过氧苯甲酸(m-CPBA,200mg,0.81mmol),接着在室温下搅拌3小时。除去溶剂,将所得残渣减压浓缩,然后用硅胶柱色谱(1.正己烷∶乙酸乙酯(1∶1);2.5%甲醇/二氯甲烷)精制,得到固体题述化合物(170mg,收率:70%)。
1H-NMR(300MHz,CDCl3)d 0.92(t,3H),1.08(t,3H),1.42(m,2H),1.65(d,3H),1.80(m,2H),2.83(t,2H),3.20(m,1H),3.42(m,1H),5.52(s,2H),5.46和5.62(s,1H,CH2F),5.87(q,1H),7.13-7.14(m,4H),7.37-7.53(m,6H),7.86(dd,1H),8.00(s,1H),8.45(d,1H);MS(m/e,M+):606。
<1-5>2-丁基-5-氟甲基-6-(1-氧吡啶-2-基)-3-[2′-(1H-四唑-5-基)联苯-4-
基甲基]-3H-咪唑并[4,5-b]吡啶(式VI)的制备
将步骤<1-4>得到的式I-6的化合物(120mg,0.19mmol)溶于3mL甲醇中,然后加入1mL的3N-HCl,接着在室温下搅拌20分钟。加入1N-NaOH将反应混合物的pH调节至约4,用20mL水稀释,用乙酸乙酯萃取(20mL x 2),然后用无水硫酸钠干燥有机层,过滤。除去溶剂,将所得残渣减压浓缩,然后用正己烷/乙酸乙酯精制,得到题述化合物(100mg,收率:94%)。
1H-NMR(300MHz,CDCl3)δ0.78(t,3H),1.29(m,2H),1.60(br-s,2H),2.66(br-s,2H),5.10和5.45(d,2H),5.60(br-s,2H),6.73(d,2H),6.95(d,2H),7.15(d,1H),7.39-7.48(m,5H),7.48(d,1H),7.75(s,1H),8.38(d,1H);FAB-MS(m/e,M+):535(M++1)。
实施例2:(2-丁基-5-二甲氧甲基-3-{2′-[1-(1-乙氧乙基)-1H-四唑-5-基]联苯-4-基甲基}-3H-咪唑并[4,5-b]吡啶-6-基)苯基甲醇(式VII)的制备
<2-1>6-溴-2-丁基-5-二甲氧甲基-3-{2′-[1-(1-乙氧乙基)-1H-四唑-5-基]
联苯-4-基甲基}-3H-咪唑并[4,5-b]吡啶(式II-2)的制备
重复操作步骤<1-1>,不同之处在于用6-溴-2-丁基-5-二甲氧甲基-3H-咪唑并[4,5-b]吡啶(1.8g,5.48mmol)代替式(I-1)的化合物,得到题述化合物(1.91g,收率:55%)。
1H-NMR(300MHz,CDCl3)δ0.92(t,3H),1.06(t,3H),1.42(m,2H),1.63(d,3H),1.79(m,2H),2.79(t,2H),3.21(m,1H),3.42(m,1H),3.48(s,6H),5.47(s,2H),5.79(s,1H),5.86(q,1H),7.08(d,2H),7.12(d,2H),7.37(dd,1H),7.44-7.55(m,2H),7.85(dd,1H),8.16(s,1H);MS(m/e,M+):634。
<2-2>2-丁基-5-二甲氧甲基-3-{2′-[1-(1-乙氧乙基)-1H-四唑-5-基]联苯
-4-基甲基}-6-苯乙烯基-3H-咪唑并[4,5-b]吡啶(式II-3)的制备
将<2-1>得到的式(II-2)的化合物(0.5g,0.79mmol)混悬于10mL1,2-二甲氧基乙烷,加入350mg反式-2-苯乙烯基硼酸(2.37mmol,3eq),46mg Pd(PPh3)4(0.04mmol,0.05eq)和0.79mL 3M-Na2CO3(2.37mmol,3eq),接着在90℃下搅拌回流5小时。将所得混合物用60mL乙酸乙酯稀释,通过硅藻土过滤,减压蒸发浓缩。将所得残渣用硅胶柱色谱(正己烷∶乙酸乙酯=2∶1)纯化,得到浅黄色的固体题述化合物(355mg,收率:68%)。
1H-NMR(300MHz,CDCl3):δ0.93(t,3H),1.08(t,3H),1.43(m,2H),1.66(d,3H),1.81(m,2H),2.80(t,2H),2.80(t,2H),3.23(m,1H),3.46(m,1H),3.48(s,6H),5.49(d,2H),5.55(s,1H),5.87(q,1H),7.00(d,1H,J=16.2Hz),7.11(m,3H),7.29(m,2H),7.39(m,3H),7.51(m,2H),7.55(m,2H),7.88(m,2H),8.29(s,1H);MS(m/e,M+):657。
<2-3>2-丁基-5-二甲氧甲基-3-{2′-[1-(1-乙氧乙基)-1H-四唑-5-基]联苯
-4-基甲基}-3H-咪唑并[4,5-b]吡啶-6-甲醛(式II-4)的制备
将<2-2>得到的式(II-3)的化合物(355mg,0.54mmol)混悬于6mL1,4-二氧六环和2mL水中,加入346mg NaIO4(1.62mmol,3eq.)和OsO4(在2-甲基-2-丙醇中的重量比为2.5wt%)催化剂,接着在室温下搅拌2小时。然后,将所得混合物用15mL水稀释,用水和盐水洗涤,用乙酸乙酯萃取(15mL)。用无水硫酸钠干燥萃取的有机层,过滤,减压蒸发浓缩。将所得残渣用硅胶柱色谱(正己烷∶乙酸乙酯=1∶1)纯化,得到黄色油状题述化合物(255mg,收率:81%)。
1H-NMR(300MHz,CDCl3):δ0.92(t,3H),1.07(t,3H),1.41(m,2H).1.65(d,3H),1.80(m,2H),2.81(t,2H),3.23(m,1H),3.45(m,1H),3.51(s,6H),5.51(s,1H),5.89(q,1H),7.08(d,2H,J=8.1Hz),7.14(d,2H,J=8.3Hz),7.40(dd 1H,J=1.7,7.5Hz),7.51(m,2H),7.87(dd,1H,J=1.7,7.5Hz),8.61(s,1H),10.75(s,1H,-CHO);MS(m/e,M+):583。
<2-4>(2-丁基-5-二甲氧甲基-3-{2′-[1-(1-乙氧乙基)-1H-四唑-5-基]联
苯-4-基甲基}-3H-咪唑并[4,5-b]吡啶-6-基)苯基甲醇(式VII)的制备
将<2-3>得到的式(II-4)的化合物(255mg,0.44mmol)混悬于6mL四氢呋喃中,在-78℃下加入0.44mL苯基溴化镁溶液(溶于3.0M的二乙基醚溶液)(1.31mmol,3eq.),接着在相同的温度下搅拌30min。然后,将所得混合物用15mL水稀释,用水和盐水洗涤,用乙酸乙酯萃取(15mL)。用无水硫酸钠干燥萃取的有机层,过滤,减压蒸发浓缩。将所得残渣用硅胶柱色谱(正己烷∶乙酸乙酯=1∶2)纯化,得到白色泡沫状题述化合物(220mg,收率:76%)。
1H-NMR(300MHz,CDCl3):δ0.90(t,3H),1.07(t,3H),1.38(m,2H).1.65(d,3H),1.77(m,2H),2.74(t,2H),3.22(m,1H),3.43(m,1H),3.49(s,3H),3.59(s,3H),3.67(s,1H),5.47(s,2H),5.52(s,1H),5.88(q,1H),6.77(s,1H),7.11(m,4H),7.39(m,3H),7.50(m 4H),7.70(s,1H),7.87(d,1H,J=7.2Hz);MS(m/e,M+):661。
实施例3:{2-丁基-5-二甲氧甲基-3-[2′-(1H-四唑-5-基)联苯-4-基甲基]-3H-咪唑并[4,5-b]吡啶-6-基}苯基甲醇(式VIII)的制备
重复操作<1-5>,不同之处在于用式(VII)的化合物(100mg,0.15mmol)代替式(I-6)的化合物,得到题述化合物(80mg,收率:90%)。
1H-NMR(300MHz,CDCl3):δ0.85(t,3H),1.31(m,2H),1.65(m,2H),2.63(t,2H),3.41(s,3H),3.50(s,3H),5.38(m,2H),5.54(s,1H),6.64(s,1H),6.97(m,4H),7.36(m,3H),7.41(d,2H,J=7.1Hz),7.53(m,2H),7.65(s,1H),7.93(d,1H,J=7.5Hz);MS(m/e,M+):589。
实施例4:6-溴-2-丁基-3-{2′-[1-(1-乙氧乙基)-1H-四唑-5-基]联苯-4-基甲基}-3H-咪唑并[4,5-b]吡啶-5-基甲基乙酸酯(式IX)的制备
重复操作<1-1>,不同之处在于用式(III-1)的6-溴-2-丁基-3H-咪唑并[4,5-b]吡啶-5-基甲基乙酸酯(300mg,0.92mmol)代替式(I-1)的化合物,得到题述化合物(340mg,收率:59%)。
1H-NMR(300MHz,CDCl3):δ8.16(s,1H),7.88(dd,J=7.5,1.6Hz,1H),7.50(m,2H),7.41(dd,J=7.5,1.6Hz,1H),7.14(d,J=8.4Hz,2H),7.08(d,J=8.4Hz,2H),5.88(q,1H),5.42(m,4H),3.42(m,1H),3.20(m,1H),2.80(t,2H),2.14(s,3H),1.78(m 2H),1.63(d,J=6.0Hz,3H),1.41(m,2H),1.05(t,3H),0.92(t,3H)。
实施例5:6-溴-2-丁基-3-[2′-(1H-四唑-5-基)联苯-4-基甲基]-3H-咪唑并[4,5-b]吡啶-5-基甲基乙酸酯(式X)的制备
重复操作<1-5>,不同之处在于用实施例4得到的式(IX)的化合物(150mg,0.23mmol)代替式(I-6)的化合物,得到题述化合物(126mg,收率:95%)。
1H-NMR(300MHz,CDCl3)δ7.98(d,J=7.3Hz,1H),7.58-7.67(m,3H),7.42(d,J=7.3Hz,1H),7.03(d,J=6.8Hz,2H),6.94(d,J=6.8Hz,2H),5.41(s,2H),5.36(s,2H),2.73(t,2H),2.10(s,3H),1.69(m,2H),1.35(m,2H),0.89(t,2H)。
实施例6:2-丁基-7-甲基-5-((甲基硫烷基甲氧基)甲基)-6-苯基-3-[2′-(1H-四唑-5-基)联苯-4-基甲基]-3H-咪唑并[4,5-b]吡啶(式XI)的制备
<6-1>(2-丁基-3-{2′-[1-(1-乙氧乙基)-1H-四唑-5-基]联苯-4-基甲基}-7-
甲基-6-苯基-3H-咪唑并[4,5-b]吡啶-5-基)-甲醇(式IV-2)的制备
重复操作<1-1>,不同之处在于用式(IV-1)的(2-丁基-7-甲基-6-苯基-3H-咪唑并[4,5-b]吡啶-5-基)-甲醇(0.5g,1.69mmol)代替式(I-1)的化合物,得到题述化合物(0.58g,收率:57%)。
1H-NMR(300MHz,CDCl3):δ0.92(t,3H),1.08(t 3H),1.40(m,2H),1.66(d,3H),1.78(m,2H),2.35(s,3H),2.75(t,2H),3.24(m,1H),3.42(m,1H),4.78(d,2H,J=5.3Hz),5.28(t,1H,-OH),5.48(s,2H),5.87(q,1H),7.15(m,4H),7.21(d,2H,J=7.8Hz),7.39-7.54(m,6H)7.88(dd,1H,J=1.0,7.3Hz);质量:601。
<6-2>(2-丁基-3-{2′-[1-(1-乙氧乙基)-1H-四唑-5-基]联苯-4-基甲基}-7-
甲基-5-甲基硫烷基甲氧甲基-6-苯基-3H-咪唑并[4,5-b]吡啶(式IV-3)
的制备
将<6-1>得到的式(IV-2)的化合物(0.53g,0.88mmol)混悬于5mLN,N-二甲基甲酰胺中,冷却至0℃,加入氢化钠(60%;53mg,1.32mmol)、氯甲基甲基硫醚(0.12mL,1.32mmol)和NaI(0.13g,0.88mmol),接着在室温下搅拌3小时。然后,将所得混合物用50mL水稀释,用乙酸乙酯萃取(50mL x 2)。用无水硫酸钠干燥有机层,过滤,减压蒸发浓缩。将所得残渣用硅胶柱色谱(正己烷∶乙酸乙酯=3∶1)纯化,得到题述化合物(0.49g,收率:85%)。
1H-NMR(300MHz,CDCl3):δ0.93(t,3H),1.10(t 3H),1.38(m,2H),1.70(d,3H),1.76(m,2H),2.07(s,3H),2.35(s,3H),2.76(t,2H),3.23(m,1H),3.45(m,1H),4.50(s,2H),4.95(s,2H),5.45(s,2H),5.84(q,1H),7.10(m,4H),7.20(d,2H,),7.25-7.50(m,6H)7.90(m,1H);质量:661。
<6-3>2-丁基-7-甲基-5-((甲基硫烷基甲氧基)甲基)-6-苯基-3-[2′-(1H-
四唑-5-基)联苯-4-基甲基]-3H-咪唑并[4,5-b]吡啶(式XI)的制备
重复操作<1-5>,不同之处在于用实施例<6-2>得到的式(IV-3)的化合物(0.22g,0.33mmol)代替式(I-6)的化合物,得到题述化合物(0.18g,收率:91%)。
1H-NMR(300MHz,CDCl3):δ0.95(t,3H),1.43(m,2H),1.80(m,2H),2.07(s,3H),2.35(s,3H),2.85(t,2H),4.55(s,2H),4.85(s,2H),5.30(s,2H),7.00(m,4H),7.20(m,2H),7.32(m,2H)7.45(m,5H);质量:589。
实施例7:2-丁基-6-苯乙烯基-1-[2′-(1H-四唑-5-基)联苯-4-基甲基]-1H-苯并咪唑-5-甲酸甲酯(式XII)的制备
<7-1>6-溴-2-丁基-1-{2′-[1-(1-乙氧乙基)-1H-四唑-5-基]联苯-4-基甲
基]-1H-苯并咪唑-5-甲酸甲酯(式V-2a;R
1
=Br,R
2
=COOMe)和5-溴-2-
丁基-1-{2′-[1-(1-乙氧乙基)-1H-四唑-5-基]联苯-4-基甲基]-1H-苯并咪
唑-6-甲酸甲酯(式V-2b;R
1
=COOMe,R
2
=Br)的制备
重复操作<1-1>,不同之处在于用式(V-1)的甲基6-溴-2-丁基-1H-苯并咪唑-5-甲酸酯(2.5g,8.0mmol)代替式(I-1)的化合物,得到油状的题述式(V-2a)的化合物(1.87g,收率:38%)和式(V-2b)的化合物(1.97g,收率:40%)。
1H-NMR(300MHz,CDCl3)V-2a:δ0.93(t,3H),1.05(t,3H),1.42(m,2H),1.65(d,3H),1.82(m,2H),2.83(t,2H),3.22(m,1H),3.43(m,1H),3.93(s,3H),5.34(s,2H),5.86(q,1H),6.93(d,1H,J=8.1Hz),7.16(d,1H,J=8.1Hz),7.46(d,1H,J=7.5Hz),7.46-7.57(m,2H),7.50(s,1H),7.89(d,1H,J=7.5Hz),8.24(s,1H);质量:619。
1H-NMR(300MHz,CDCl3)V-2b:δ0.93(t,3H),1.04(t,3H),1.43(m,2H),1.64(d,3H),1.81(m,2H),2.82(t,2H),3.21(m,1H),3.42(m,1H),3.91(s,3H),5.34(s,2H),5.86(q,1H),6.93(d,1H,J=8.0Hz),7.14(d,1H,J=8.0Hz),7.40(d,1H,J=7.6Hz),7.46-7.56(m,2H),7.76(s,1H),7.88(d,1H,J=7.6Hz),8.02(s,1H);质量:619。
<7-2>2-丁基-1-{2′-[1-(1-乙氧乙基)-1H-四唑-5-基]联苯-4-基甲基]-6-
苯乙烯基-1H-苯并咪唑-5-甲酸甲酯(式V-3a;R
1
=苯乙烯基,
R
2
=COOMe)和2-丁基-1-{2′-[1-(1-乙氧乙基)-1H-四唑-5-基]联苯-4-基
甲基]-5-苯乙烯基-1H-苯并咪唑-6-甲酸甲酯(式V-3b;R
1
=COOMe,
R
2
=苯乙烯基)的制备
重复操作<2-2>,不同之处在于用实施例<7-2>得到的式(V-2)的化合物(1.0g,1.62mmol)代替式(II-2)的化合物,得到油状的题述式(V-3a)的化合物(0.72g,收率:70%)和式(V-3b)的化合物(0.69g,收率:67%)。
1H-NMR(300MHz,CDCl3)V-3a:δ0.92(t,3H),1.01(t,3H),1.45(m,2H),1.61(d,3H),1.84(m,2H),2.84(t,2H),3.20(m,1H),3.36(m,1H),3.92(s,3H),5.39(s,2H),5.80(q,1H),6.85(d,1H,J=16.2Hz),6.98(d,1H,J=8.2Hz),7.16(d,1H,J=8.2Hz),7.24(m,1H),7.31-7.36(m,2H),7.41(dd,1H),7.47-7.55(m,4H),7.48(s,1H),7.88(dd,1H),8.08(d,1H,J=16.1Hz),8.38(s,1H);质量:642。
1H-NMR(300MHz,CDCl3)V-3b:δ0.94(t,3H),1.06(t,3H),1.45(m,2H),1.64(d,3H),1.85(m,2H),2.83(t,2H),3.22(m,1H),3.42(m,1H),3.91(s,3H),5.36(s,2H),5.87(q,1H),6.95(d,1H,J=8.2Hz),6.98(d,1H,J=15.8Hz),7.27(m,1H),7.33-7.58(m,7H),7.87(d,1H,J=7.6Hz),7.90(s,1H),8.05(s,1H),8.07(d,1H,J=15.8Hz);质量:642。
<7-3>2-丁基-6-苯乙烯基-1-[2′-(1H-四唑-5-基)联苯-4-基甲基]-1H-苯
并咪唑-5-甲酸甲酯(式XII)的制备
重复操作<1-5>,不同之处在与用实施例<7-2>得到的式(V-3a)的化合物(0.21g,0.32mmol)代替式(I-6)的化合物,得到题述化合物(0.154g,收率:85%)。
1H-NMR(300MHz,CDCl3):δ0.83(t,3H),1.29(m,2H),1.59(m,2H),2.41(t,2H),3.89(s,3H),5.29(s,2H),6.71(d,2H,J=8.1Hz),6.76(d,1H,J=16.1Hz),6.91(d,2H,J=8.1Hz),7.23-7.32(m,5H),7.37(s,1H),7.47(s,1H),7.49(m,1H),7.54-7.65(m,2H),7.90(d,1H,J=16.1Hz),8.00(dd,1H);质量:568。
实施例8:2-丁基-5-苯乙烯基-1-[2′-(1H-四唑-5-基)联苯-4-基甲基]-1H-苯并咪唑-6-甲酸甲酯(式XIII)的制备
重复操作<1-5>,不同之处在与用实施例<7-2>得到的式(V-3b)的化合物(0.25g,0.39mmol)代替式(I-6)的化合物,得到题述化合物(0.19g,收率:87%)。
1H-NMR(300MHz,CDCl3):δ0.86(t,3H),1.30(m,2H),1.62(m,2H),2.44(t,2H),3.88(s,3H),5.26(s,2H),6.62(d,1H,J=16.0Hz),6.71(d,2H,J=8.1Hz),6.92(d,2H,J=8.1Hz),7.14(s,1H),7.29-7.34(m,2H),7.37-7.43(m,2H),7.49-7.55(m,4H),7.62(s,1H),7.85(d,1H,J=16.0Hz),7.98(m,1H);质量:568。
本发明的化合物的取代基概述于下述表2。
表2
式(I)的化合物的取代基
按照如下步骤评价式(II)至(XIII)化合物的药效。
试验1.刺激TAZ蛋白向细胞核迁移的作用
制备GFP(绿色荧光蛋白)与蛋白TAZ连接的载体pEGFP-TAZ,制备引入了RFP(红色荧光蛋白)的细胞核特异性组蛋白(RFP-H2B)表达载体。通过将由PCR法合成的全长TAZ cDNA引入到载体pEGFP(Invitrogen,Carlsbad,CA,USA)中,然后克隆,制备载体pEGFP-TAZ。通过将全长组蛋白H2B cDNA引入到表达载体RFP(ClontechLaboratories,Inc.,Palo Alto,CA,USA)中,然后克隆来制备表达载体RFP-H2B。
将Cos7细胞(ATCC,Manassas,VA)分布到96孔板(5x103细胞/孔)的每个孔内,使其稳定,然后通过使用EffecteneTM(Qiagen)将载体pEGFP-TAZ和RFP-H2B引入到细胞中。48小时后,分别用本发明的化合物处理细胞,至浓度为10μM。30分钟后,使用BD PathwayTM高浓度生物成像仪(BD bioscience)观察到绿色荧光色带不断地向细胞核移动。采用定量程序(BD IPLabTM通道和BDTM图像数据浏览器),在RFP-表达的细胞的细胞核中对GFP表达进行定量。
基于对照组未处理的细胞,分析和以百分比计算细胞核中蛋白TAZ的GFP表达,见表3。
表3
刺激蛋白TAZ向细胞核迁移的作用
化合物编号 | II | III | IV | V | VI | VII | IX | XI | XII |
表达(%) | 130.30 | 156.83 | 135.25 | 150.56 | 132.42 | 160.30 | 147.45 | 133.70 | 149.46 |
如表3所示,本发明的化合物促进蛋白TAZ向细胞核的迁移大于130%。因此,可以预期本发明的化合物均能影响到脂肪细胞或成骨细胞的分化。
试验2.对TAZ抑制PPARγ功能活性的影响
将293T细胞(ATCC)置于48孔板(1x105细胞/孔)中,使其稳定。向细胞中一起引入PPARγ和TAZ表达载体以及载体aP2-luc(与荧光素酶连接的动物脂肪酸结合蛋白2启动子)和pCMVβ[Hong等,Science2005;309:1074-8]。为了观察PPARγ或TAZ蛋白表达对靶基因转录激活的影响,还向细胞中引入了aP2-luc报道基因。为了计算细胞中的引入效率,向细胞中引入了等量的载体pCMVβ,测量了β-半乳糖苷酶活性,以计算荧光素酶的活性。
24小时后,分别用本发明的化合物处理细胞,至浓度为10μM,然后再培养24小时。用含有NP-40的裂解液提取所得细胞的蛋白,从而测量荧光素酶的活性(Promega,Sunnyvale,CA,USA)。
分析对aP2启动子活性的增加的抑制效果,以对照组未处理的细胞中观察到的对aP2启动子活性的抑制效果为基准,计算百分比。结果见表4。
表4
对TAZ抑制PPARγ功能活性的影响
化合物编号 | II | III | V | VI | VII | VIII | IX | X | XI | XII | XIII |
增加的抑制(%) | 43.2 | 64.6 | 32.3 | 51.3 | 46.7 | 69.2 | 22.7 | 57.5 | 83.0 | 69.7 | 39.9 |
由表4可知,本发明的化合物具有显著的抑制效果,尤其是式(III)、(VIII)、(XI)和(XII)的化合物,显示出大于60%的抑制效果。因此,本发明的化合物通过与TAZ结合抑制PPARγ,从而抑制PPARγ分化为脂肪细胞,因此它们可用于预防或治疗肥胖症。
试验3.对TAZ刺激RUNX2功能的活性的影响
向293T细胞引入RUNX2和TAZ表达载体以及6xOSE-luc(与荧光素酶连接的骨钙素特异性元素,连接到荧光素酶的骨钙素启动子中RUNX2-结合位点的六个拷贝)[Hong等,Science 2005;309:1074-8]。本试验用于评价本发明化合物在刺激荧光素酶活性中的活性作用,当RUNX2与TAZ结合时,荧光素酶活性增加。
24小时后,分别用本发明的化合物处理细胞,至浓度为10μM,然后再培养24小时。重复试验2的步骤提取细胞蛋白,然后进行报道基因分析,对本发明的化合物在刺激RUNX2中对TAZ活性的效果进行定量。为了对比转化效率,将β-半乳糖苷酶表达载体(pCMVβ)引入到293T细胞,测量β-半乳糖苷酶的活性用于计算。
以对照组未处理的细胞为基础,以百分比分析骨钙素启动子活性。当值超过蛋白TAZ的平均增长的570%时,该化合物被认为有额外的刺激活性。结果见表5。
表5
对TAZ刺激RUNX2功能活性的影响
化合物编号 | II | III | IV | V | VI | VII | VIII | IX | X | XI | XII | XIII |
活性(%) | 472.6 | 259.4 | 463.2 | 468.2 | 483.4 | 476.4 | 688.0 | 675.8 | 671.6 | 753.6 | 296.1 | 568.8 |
由表5可知,观察到本发明化合物尤其是式(VIII)、(IX)、(X)和(XI)的化合物的其它刺激活性,。因此,本发明的化合物可以通过与TAZ结合以刺激成骨细胞分化来促进RUNX2的活性,从而用于预防或治疗骨质疏松症。
试验4.对分化为脂肪细胞或成骨细胞的作用
评价了本发明的化合物在促进3T3-L1细胞和C3H10T1/2细胞分化为脂肪细胞和成骨细胞的活性。
<4-1>对3T3-L1细胞分化为脂肪细胞的诱导效应
将3T3-L1前脂肪细胞(ATCC CL-173)分散在含有10%FBS(胎牛血清)的DMEM培养基中,然后在24孔板(3x104细胞/孔)中铺满培养48小时。加入2μM罗格列酮、5μg/mL胰岛素和1μM地塞米松以诱导脂肪细胞分化。
48小时后,用含有5μg/mL胰岛素和1O%FBS(胎牛血清)的DMEM更换培养基,再过48小时后,用含有10%FBS的DMEM更换培养基。然后,每48小时更换培养基,评价脂肪细胞分化。在更换培养基的过程中,分别添加本发明的化合物。8天后,用10%福尔马林固定细胞,并用油红O进行染色,以证实细胞中脂肪细胞生成。
染色结果表明,本发明的化合物尤其是式(III)、(IV)和(XII)化合物能抑制脂肪细胞分化。
进一步地,用高浓度处理时,观察到式(VII)的化合物具有显著的抑制效果。
<4-2>对C3H10T1/2细胞分化为成骨细胞的诱导效应
在含有10%FBS的α-MEM培养基中稀释C3H10T1/2细胞(ATCCCCL 226),在96孔板(1x104细胞/孔)中培养48小时,每48小时更换培养基,以观察成骨细胞分化。在分化初期,分别用10μM本发明的化合物处理培养基。
20天后,用70%乙醇固定细胞,用茜素红S溶液染色,以证实骨细胞中钙的增加。在茜素红染色试验中,成骨细胞的分化程度可以通过红色的密度来鉴定。
染色结果表明,本发明的化合物能刺激成骨细胞分化,尤其是式(III)和(V)的化合物。
因此,本发明的化合物可有效抑制脂肪细胞分化并刺激成骨细胞分化,从而用于预防或治疗骨质疏松症或肥胖症。
虽然本发明已就上述具体实施方案进行了描述,但应当认识到,本领域的普通技术人员可以对本发明进行各种修改和变化,这些都属于本发明所附权利要求的保护范围。
Claims (4)
2.根据权利要求1所述的应用,其中式(I)所述的化合物选自下组:
{2-乙基-7-甲基-3-[2′-(1H-四唑-5-基)联苯-4-基甲基]-3H-咪唑并[4,5-b]吡啶-5-基}甲醇;
2-丁基-5-甲基-6-吡啶-3-基-3-[2′-(1H-四唑-5-基)联苯-4-基甲基]-3H-咪唑并[4,5-b]吡啶;
2-丁基-6-吡啶-2-基-3-[2′-(1H-四唑-5-基)联苯-4-基甲基]-3H-咪唑并[4,5-b]吡啶-5-甲酸甲酯;
{2-丁基-7-甲基-3-[2′-(1H-四唑-5-基)联苯-4-基甲基]-3H-咪唑并[4,5-b]吡啶-5-基}甲醇;
2-丁基-5-氟甲基-6-(1-氧吡啶-2-基)-3-[2′-(1H-四唑-5-基)联苯-4-基甲基]-3H-咪唑并[4,5-b]吡啶;
(2-丁基-5-二甲氧甲基-3-{2′-[1-(1-乙氧乙基)-1H-四唑-5-基]联苯-4-基甲基}-3H-咪唑并[4,5-b]吡啶-6-基)苯基甲醇;
{2-丁基-5-二甲氧甲基-3-[2′-(1H-四唑-5-基)联苯-4-基甲基]-3H-咪唑并[4,5-b]吡啶-6-基}苯基甲醇;
6-溴-2-丁基-3-{2′-[1-(1-乙氧乙基)-1H-四唑-5-基]联苯-4-基甲基}-3H-咪唑并[4,5-b]吡啶-5-基甲基乙酸酯;
6-溴-2-丁基-3-[2′-(1H-四唑-5-基)联苯-4-基甲基]-3H-咪唑并[4,5-b]吡啶-5-基甲基乙酸酯;
2-丁基-7-甲基-5-((甲基硫烷基甲氧)甲基)-6-苯基-3-[2′-(1H-四唑-5-基)联苯-4-基甲基]-3H-咪唑并[4,5-b]吡啶;
2-丁基-6-苯乙烯基-1-[2′-(1H-四唑-5-基)联苯-4-基甲基]-1H-苯并咪唑-5-甲酸甲酯;和
2-丁基-5-苯乙烯基-1-[2′-(1H-四唑-5-基)联苯-4-基甲基]-1H-苯并咪唑-6-甲酸甲酯。
4.根据权利要求3所述的应用,其中式(I)所述的化合物选自下组:
{2-乙基-7-甲基-3-[2′-(1H-四唑-5-基)联苯-4-基甲基]-3H-咪唑并[4,5-b]吡啶-5-基}甲醇;
2-丁基-5-甲基-6-吡啶-3-基-3-[2′-(1H-四唑-5-基)联苯-4-基甲基]-3H-咪唑并[4,5-b]吡啶;
2-丁基-6-吡啶-2-基-3-[2′-(1H-四唑-5-基)联苯-4-基甲基]-3H-咪唑并[4,5-b]吡啶-5-甲酸甲酯;
{2-丁基-7-甲基-3-[2′-(1H-四唑-5-基)联苯-4-基甲基]-3H-咪唑并[4,5-b]吡啶-5-基}甲醇;
2-丁基-5-氟甲基-6-(1-氧吡啶-2-基)-3-[2′-(1H-四唑-5-基)联苯-4-基甲基]-3H-咪唑并[4,5-b]吡啶;
(2-丁基-5-二甲氧甲基-3-{2′-[1-(1-乙氧乙基)-1H-四唑-5-基]联苯-4-基甲基}-3H-咪唑并[4,5-b]吡啶-6-基)苯基甲醇;
{2-丁基-5-二甲氧甲基-3-[2′-(1H-四唑-5-基)联苯-4-基甲基]-3H-咪唑并[4,5-b]吡啶-6-基}苯基甲醇;
6-溴-2-丁基-3-{2′-[1-(1-乙氧乙基)-1H-四唑-5-基]联苯-4-基甲基}-3H-咪唑并[4,5-b]吡啶-5-基甲基乙酸酯;
6-溴-2-丁基-3-[2′-(1H-四唑-5-基)联苯-4-基甲基]-3H-咪唑并[4,5-b]吡啶-5-基甲基乙酸酯;
2-丁基-7-甲基-5-((甲基硫烷基甲氧)甲基)-6-苯基-3-[2′-(1H-四唑-5-基)联苯-4-基甲基]-3H-咪唑并[4,5-b]吡啶;
2-丁基-6-苯乙烯基-1-[2′-(1H-四唑-5-基)联苯-4-基甲基]-1H-苯并咪唑-5-甲酸甲酯;和
2-丁基-5-苯乙烯基-1-[2′-(1H-四唑-5-基)联苯-4-基甲基]-1H-苯并咪唑-6-甲酸甲酯。
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EP2733141B1 (en) | 2011-07-15 | 2019-01-09 | Shionogi & Co., Ltd. | Azabenzimidazole derivative having ampk-activating activity |
KR20150071932A (ko) * | 2013-12-19 | 2015-06-29 | 이화여자대학교 산학협력단 | Taz 단백질 활성화 유도 성분을 포함하는 근육 분화 및 근육재생용 약학적 조성물 |
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