CN101903231A - 用于运行混合动力车辆的方法和装置 - Google Patents

用于运行混合动力车辆的方法和装置 Download PDF

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CN101903231A
CN101903231A CN2008801225927A CN200880122592A CN101903231A CN 101903231 A CN101903231 A CN 101903231A CN 2008801225927 A CN2008801225927 A CN 2008801225927A CN 200880122592 A CN200880122592 A CN 200880122592A CN 101903231 A CN101903231 A CN 101903231A
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motor vehicle
mixed power
vehicle driven
combustion engine
chaufeur
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CN101903231B (zh
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J·里林
M·沃伦伯格
A·博伊
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Volkswagen AG
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    • B60W20/15—Control strategies specially adapted for achieving a particular effect
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    • B60K28/04—Safety devices for propulsion-unit control, specially adapted for, or arranged in, vehicles, e.g. preventing fuel supply or ignition in the event of potentially dangerous conditions responsive to conditions relating to the driver responsive to presence or absence of the driver, e.g. to weight or lack thereof
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Abstract

用于运行带有内燃机(4)和电机(5)的混合动力车辆的方法和装置(9)，其中，一旦不再可靠地检测到驾驶员出现时，则在混合动力车辆(1)的行驶预备模式中自动地启动内燃机(4)。

Description

用于运行混合动力车辆的方法和装置
技术领域
本发明涉及用于运行混合动力车辆(Hybridfahrzeug)的、尤其为带有启动/停止自动器械(Start-/Stopp-Automatik)的混合动力车辆的方法和装置，以及涉及相应地设计的混合动力车辆。
背景技术
现代的混合动力车辆(该混合动力车辆既具有内燃机(Verbrennungsmotor)又具有电机(Elektromotor)以用于驱动车辆)通常具有启动/停止自动器械，一旦混合动力车辆停下长于预定的时间间隔，则混合动力车辆的内燃机通过该启动/停止自动器械而被停止，以便由此节约燃料。一旦随后驾驶员操纵混合动力车辆的加速踏板、操纵离合器或挂入档位，则发动机又自动地起动，以便继续驱动混合动力车辆。此外，在现代的混合动力车辆中，通常地，在一定的前提条件下，尤其当混合动力车辆检测到其电池的充电状态低于预定的阈值时，自动地启动混合动力车辆的内燃机。
在混合动力车辆中、尤其在带有用于内燃机的启动/停止自动器械的混合动力车辆中，还在混合动力车辆被停放的情况中可不依赖于混合动力车辆的驾驶员出现(anwesend)还是不出现而发生内燃机的自动的启动。这尤其发生在当混合动力车辆的所谓的行驶预备(Fahrbereitschaft)或运行预备(Betriebsbereitschaft)没有失效或基于一定的状态(例如混合动力车辆的电池的充电状态)而启动内燃机时。由于内燃机的这样的启动，一方面如果停放的混合动力车辆处于封闭的空间中(例如在车库中)，则产生中毒危险，另一方面通过第三者(例如通过在混合动力车辆中玩耍的小孩)而引起混合动力车辆的不受控制的行驶是可能的。
从文件DE 102 11 463 A1中已知，在混合动力车辆中监视车辆的发动机罩(Motorhaube)的状态，并且，针对已识别到发动机罩的打开的情况而禁止内燃机的启动。然而，这种方式带有如下问题，即，在损坏的发动机罩传感器的情形下，车辆可能停滞在所谓的行驶预备模式(Fahrbereitschaftsmodus)或电动模式(在该行驶预备模式或电动模式中内燃机尚未被启动)中，因为，在这种情况中内燃机的启动是不可能的。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于，降低从上文所提及的状态中所产生的潜在危险。
根据本发明，该目的通过根据权利要求1的用于运行混合动力车辆的方法以及根据权利要求8的用于运行带有内燃机的混合动力车辆的装置而实现。从属权利要求限定了本发明的优选的且有利的实施形式。
在本发明的范围内，提供给了用于运行混合动力车辆的方法，其中，当不再可靠地检测到驾驶员出现在混合动力车辆中时，则在混合动力车辆的行驶预备模式和运行预备模式(Betriebsbereitschaftmodus)中自动地启动内燃机。
驾驶员在混合动力车辆中的出现可利用相应地合适的传感器而被监视，其中，尤其可使用所谓的本质安全的(eigensicher)传感器，该传感器利用高的可靠性而可确认驾驶员出现在混合动力车辆中。这种本质安全的传感器的示例是制动器(Bremse)或变速器选择杆(Getriebe-)。如果例如混合动力车辆的制动踏板(Bremspedal)被操纵，则可可靠地认为驾驶员处于混合动力车辆中。
通过在第一种根据本发明的变型方案中一旦不再确信驾驶员处于混合动力车辆中则自动地启动内燃机，从而驾驶员例如在离开混合动力车辆时通过此后启动的内燃机而受到提醒，以使得驾驶员然后可通过以下方式相应地做出反应，即，驾驶员例如将混合动力车辆置于这样的状态中，即，在该状态中，混合动力车辆不再自动地启动内燃机中。
因此借助于本发明，可明显降低由在行驶预备模式中自动地启动的内燃机而引起的中毒危险以及这样的危险(即，当驾驶员已经离开混合动力车辆时，在混合动力车辆中玩耍的小孩无意地将混合动力车辆置于运动中)，因为通过自动地启动的内燃机已向驾驶员指出这种危险。由此，在大多数情况中防止内燃机的不受控制的启动，并且避免由于未被察觉的发动机启动而造成的环境的损害以及与此相关的有害物排放(Schadstoffausstoβ)。
在此，混合动力车辆的行驶预备理解为混合动力车辆的这样的状态(该状态同样称作电动模式)，即，在该状态中，内燃机通常不运转，然而，电机处于与传统的车辆中的接通点火相对应的状态中，从而使得，通过操纵混合动力车辆的加速踏板，可由电机施加驱动力矩到混合动力车辆上。
根据优选的实施形式，在带有自动变速器的混合动力车辆中，仅当该自动变速器的选择杆处于位置P(以用于使混合动力车辆停车或锁定(Fixieren)变速器)或N(空挡(Neutral)或空转(Leerlauf)，也就是说没有驱动)中时，才执行根据本发明的方法。
换而言之，这表明，根据该实施形式，只有当自动变速器处于位置P中或位置N时，一旦不再可靠地检测到驾驶员出现在混合动力车辆中时，才在行驶预备模式中自动地启动内燃机。
在根据本发明的另一实施形式中，如果选择杆处于位置P中，一旦在混合动力车辆的行驶预备模式中不再检测到驾驶员处于混合动力车辆中时，则自动地启动内燃机。此外，在该根据本发明的其它实施形式中，在选择杆位置N中在没有驾驶员的明确的、本质安全的启动意愿时从不可能启动内燃机，也就是说仅当检测到驾驶员出现在混合动力车辆中时，才可能在选择杆位置N中启动内燃机。
在根据本发明的另一实施形式中，行为(Verhalten)刚好相反。换句话说，在该实施形式中，如果选择杆处于位置N中，一旦在混合动力车辆的行驶预备模式中不再检测到驾驶员处于混合动力车辆中，则自动地启动内燃机，然而在选择杆位置P中在没有驾驶员的明确的、本质安全的启动意愿时从不可能启动内燃机，也就是说仅当检测到驾驶员出现在混合动力车辆中时，才可在选择杆位置P中启动内燃机。
因此，以有利的方式可在位置P和位置N之间存在区别，因为在选择杆的一个位置中仅当检测到驾驶员处于混合动力车辆中时，才自动地启动内燃机，然而在选择杆的另一位置中在混合动力车辆的行驶预备模式中一旦不再检测到驾驶员处于混合动力车辆中时，则立即自动地启动内燃机。
在本发明的范围内，还提供用于运行带有内燃机的混合动力车辆的装置。在此，装置包括启动器件(以为了自动地启动内燃机)和监视器件(该监视器件检测驾驶员出现(Anwesenheit)在混合动力车辆中)。如此地设计装置，即，使得一旦监视器件不再检测到驾驶员出现在混合动力车辆内时，则在混合动力车辆的行驶预备模式中启动器件自动地启动内燃机(或当内燃机已经运转时，不停止内燃机)。
此外，根据优选的实施形式，如此地构造根据本发明的装置，即，使得只有当存在驾驶员的明确的、本质安全的启动意愿时，启动器件在驾驶员出现在混合动力车辆中的情况下才启动内燃机。
在本发明的范围内，还提出一种包括根据本发明的装置的混合动力车辆。
优选地，本发明还适合于应用在这样的混合动力车辆中，即，该混合动力车辆如此地设计，即，使得尽可能地防止混合动力车辆的电池的充电状态低于预定的阈值。不言而喻地本发明不限制于这种优选的使用范围，而是可例如还在带有启动/停止自动器械的混合动力车辆中使用，该启动/停止自动器械确保，一旦混合动力车辆停下长于例如1秒，则断开混合动力车辆的内燃机，并且通过该启动/停止自动器械，一旦此后停下长于1秒的混合动力车辆的加速踏板被踩压，则自动地启动内燃机。
本发明还适合于应用在带有手动变速器(Handschaltgetriebe)的混合动力车辆中。在带有手动变速器的混合动力车辆中，根据本发明的实施形式，只有当变速器的选择杆处于不接合位置或断开联接的位置中时(这例如可通过怠速开关(Leerlaufschalter)而被检测)，或只有当车辆处于停车位置中时(这可例如通过手制动器传感器而被检测)，才执行上文所描述的根据本发明的方法。
附图说明
在下文中借助于优选的实施形式参照附图进一步阐述本发明。
该唯一的附图示意性地示出了根据本发明的混合动力车辆。
具体实施方式
在唯一的附图中示出混合动力车辆1，除根据本发明的装置9外，该混合动力车辆1包括内燃机4、电机5、制动器6、用于混合动力车辆1的(没有示出的)自动变速器的选择杆7以及用于运行电机5的电池8。根据本发明的装置9本身包括启动器件2(以用于启动电机5或内燃机4)和监视器件3(以用于监视或检测制动器6的操纵、选择杆7的位置以及电池8的充电状态)。
如果例如借助于混合动力车辆1的(没有显示的)启动/停止按钮或通过其它的操纵元件将混合动力车辆1的行驶或运行预备激活，则通过驾驶员如在通常的仅装备有内燃机的机动车中那样操纵混合动力车辆1的加速踏板的方式，尽可能地通过电机5以及否则通过内燃机4使混合动力车辆1继续运动。混合动力车辆1如此地设计，即，使得通过内燃机的启动使电池8总是在以下情况下被充电，即，当出现行驶预备模式并且监视器件3检测到电池8的充电状态下降到预定的阈值之下时。此外，混合动力车辆1包括这样的启动/停止自动器械，当混合动力车辆1停下一定的时间单元(优选长于1秒)时，使内燃机4(假如该内燃机4确实在运转)停止，以为了由此例如当在红灯处停下时节约动力燃料(Treibstoff)。如果内燃机4通过启动/停止自动器械已被停止，则该启动/停止自动器械确保，当加速踏板被如此地操纵，(即，使得利用加速踏板所传送的驾驶员愿望无法单独地通过电机5的推动(Vortrieb)而被满足时)，内燃机4单独地通过混合动力车辆1的加速踏板的操纵而被再次启动。因此，一般，每当由驾驶员所要求的理论力矩高于最大程度地由电机5所提供的转矩时，内燃机2就被启动。
如果驾驶员此时将混合动力车辆1停住并且使选择杆7运动到位置P(或N)中，则内燃机4最晚在混合动力车辆1的停止状态之后的1秒停止。如果驾驶员离开混合动力车辆1，而没有事先借助于启动/停止按钮使混合动力车辆1的行驶或运行预备失效，则监视器件3检测到驾驶员不再处于混合动力车辆1中，并且一旦该监视器件3检测到这种情形，则该监视器件3自动地启动内燃机4。通过内燃机4的启动使驾驶员注意到混合动力车辆1的运行预备仍然为激活的。通过这种提醒，使驾驶员通常借助于启动/停止按钮使混合动力车辆1的运行预备失效，以使得内燃机4的自动的启动并且因此相关的危险被禁止。
相反地，如果驾驶员在将混合动力车辆1停住的情况下将选择杆7置于位置N(或P)中并且离开混合动力车辆1，则监视器件3识别到驾驶员不再处于混合动力车辆1中。如果现在在这种情况(驾驶员不在车辆1中)中电池8的充电状态下降到预设的阈值之下，则内燃机4仍然没有被启动，因为监视器件3已检测到驾驶员不在混合动力车辆1中，由此防止内燃机4的自动的起动。由此有利地防止，当驾驶员已将混合动力车辆1例如停放在车库中时，由于自动的启动的内燃机4的废气而引起中毒危险，由此确保免于死区空间通风(Totraumventilation)(通过废气的中毒)。换句话说，必须在这种状态中明确地通过驾驶员的本质安全的启动意愿而启动内燃机4，例如通过驾驶员操纵加速踏板，以为了确保在这种状态中仅在驾驶员出现在车辆中时才实现内燃机的启动。
如果使用者结束该行驶预备模式(例如通过操纵启动/停止按钮或其它的合适的操纵元件)，则内燃机2再次自动地由装置9或与启动器件2联接的启动/停止自动器械来停止。
参考标号列表
1    混合动力车辆
2    启动器件
3    监视器件
4    内燃机
5    电机
6    制动器
7    变速器选择杆
8    电池
9    装置

Claims (10)

1.一种用于运行混合动力车辆的方法，
其中，所述混合动力车辆(1)包括用于驱动所述混合动力车辆(1)的电机(5)和内燃机(4)，
其特征在于，
在所述混合动力车辆中监视所述混合动力车辆(1)的驾驶员出现，以及
假如检测到驾驶员没有出现在所述混合动力车辆中，则在所述混合动力车辆(1)的行驶预备模式中自动地启动所述内燃机(4)。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述内燃机的自动的启动在所述混合动力车辆(1)的行驶预备模式中依赖于用于所述混合动力车辆(1)的变速器的选择杆的位置而实现。
3.根据权利要求2所述的方法，其特征在于，仅当所述混合动力车辆(1)的自动变速器的选择杆(7)处于位置“P”或“N”中时，才执行所述方法。
4.根据权利要求3所述的方法，
其特征在于，
一旦不再检测到驾驶员出现在所述混合动力车辆(1)中并且所述选择杆(7)处于位置“P”中，则在所述混合动力车辆(1)的行驶预备模式中自动地启动所述内燃机(4)，以及
当所述选择杆(7)处于位置“N”中时，只有当检测到驾驶员出现在所述混合动力车辆(1)中，才可自动地启动所述内燃机(4)。
5.根据权利要求3所述的方法，
其特征在于，
一旦不再检测到驾驶员出现在所述混合动力车辆(1)中并且所述选择杆(7)处于位置“N”中，则在所述混合动力车辆(1)的行驶预备模式中自动地启动所述内燃机(4)，以及
当所述选择杆(7)处于位置“P”中时，只有当检测到驾驶员出现在所述混合动力车辆(1)中，才可自动地启动所述内燃机(4)。
6.根据上述权利要求中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，如果所述混合动力车辆(1)的制动器(6)被操纵，则检测到驾驶员出现在所述混合动力车辆(1)中。
7.根据上述权利要求中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，假如离开所述混合动力车辆(1)的行驶预备模式，则自动地停止所述内燃机(2)。
8.一种用于运行带有用于驱动混合动力车辆(1)的电机(5)和内燃机(4)的装置，带有用于自动启动所述内燃机(2)的启动器件(2)，
其特征在于，
所述装置(9)包括用于监视驾驶员在所述混合动力车辆(1)中的出现的监视器件(3)，以及
如此地设计所述装置(9)，即，使得当所述监视器件(3)检测到驾驶员没有出现在所述混合动力车辆中时，所述启动器件(2)在所述混合动力车辆(1)的行驶预备模式中自动地启动所述内燃机(4)。
9.根据权利要求8所述的装置，其特征在于，所述装置(9)设计成用于执行根据权利要求1至7中任一项所述的方法。
10.一种混合动力车辆，带有用于驱动混合动力车辆(1)的电机(5)和内燃机(4)，并且带有根据权利要求8或9所述的装置。
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WO2009080277A3 (de) 2010-04-08
DE102008063611A1 (de) 2009-06-25
DE102008063611B4 (de) 2017-09-07
WO2009080277A2 (de) 2009-07-02
KR20100103798A (ko) 2010-09-28
US20100332064A1 (en) 2010-12-30
CN101903231B (zh) 2014-09-03
US8825244B2 (en) 2014-09-02

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