CN101880631B - Method for preparing biological organic-inorganic compound fertilizer - Google Patents
Method for preparing biological organic-inorganic compound fertilizer Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses microbial inoculums for preparing an organic-inorganic compound fertilizer. The active ingredients of the microbial inoculums provided by the invention are bacillus megaterium drimophilous bacteria 1CGMCC No.3908, Bacillus mucilaginosus drimophilous bacteria 2CGMCC No.3907 and Azotobac terchroococcum 1CGMCC No.3906. The invention also provides a method for preparing the organic-inorganic compound fertilizer. The method comprises the following steps: adding a chemical fertilizer into a stacked material; and composting the stacked material with the microbial inoculums for preparing the organic-inorganic compound fertilizer to obtain the organic-inorganic compound fertilizer. Experiments prove that the method of the invention can prepare the biological organic-inorganic compound fertilizer which has larger microorganism viable count and higher quality.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of method for preparing biologic organic, inorganic composite fertilizer.
Background technology
The use of fertilizer is to quicken one of primary condition of grain-production and whole agricultural development, is the important factor that ensures the grain sustained, stable growth.Using because fertilizer efficiency is fast of present chemical fertilizer, effect of increasing production is obvious, is used widely.But people are to the undue dependence of chemical fertilizer, long-term a large amount of chemical fertilizer of using has caused degradation Soil degradation problem under soil compaction, soil acidification, the microorganism active, nitrogen in the chemical fertilizer causes the long-pending and secondary salinization of salt of groundwater pollution and soil with nitric nitrogen form leaching loss from soil simultaneously.The experiment that Hu Chengxiao etc. carry out also shows, the raising of nitrogenous fertilizer level, and the intravital Vc content of crop straight line descends, and soluble sugar is also on a declining curve.The excessive phosphate fertilizer of using is to qualities such as the organic acid in vegetables, the fruit, Vc, and the size of fruit, painted, fragrance etc. all bring a series of influences.Fertilizer is as the conventional fertilizers in China's agro-farming history, organic fertilizer not only contains the needed various nutritive elements of plant, as N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S and trace element, but also contain large amount of organic matter, fertilizer contains plant-growth actives mass-energy such as VITAMIN, hormone, enzyme, growth hormone and promotes plant growth and strengthen resistance, also has inevitable shortcoming in organic fertilizer production and the use, studies show that, nitrogen in the surface water of lake, river is NH more than 85%
4 +-N, it is mainly derived from people's domestic animals manure and fertilizer, Zhang Lie etc. studies show that the application of organic fertilizers material especially heavy application rate of manure can promote CO in the soil
2And CH
4Gas purging.Fertilizer also exists usage quantity big, and consumes shortcoming such as great amount of manpower and material resources in the process of making and using.The research of the bio-feritlizer of Tui Guanging is in the market used rhizobium inoculant from leguminous plants.Bio-feritlizer can be promoted soil fertility, and Cao Zhi equality (1997) is used the compost that effective microbe preparation makes to the farmland and be studies show that, it is the highest that the soil physical property that uses the microorganism compost and the chemical property and the soil of use organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer are compared fertility.Also can improve the plant nutrition situation, strengthen the plant disease-resistant ability and improve crop yield and quality, but its instead of chemical fertilizer or organic fertilizer fully only plays the raising fertilizer efficiency to a certain extent, reduces the booster action of loss.
Along with the development that modern agriculture is produced, it is significant to research and develop multi-functional, comprehensive fertilizer.Biologic organic, inorganic composite fertilizer arises at the historic moment as a kind of new-type fertilizer, it is meant on conventional bacterial manure and inorganic fertilizer basis, increase organism pretreatment technology or the special complex process under microorganism adding condition and strengthen organic proportion, outstanding microorganism and organic effect.Biologic organic, inorganic composite fertilizer, combine the advantage of mineral manure, organic fertilizer, bio-feritlizer, become the main direction of following fertilizer development, have multiple biologic organic, inorganic composite fertilizer at present both at home and abroad, but in production practice, be difficult to give play to multiple function owing to the bacterial classification that adds is single, or the inorganic nutrients addition is less, and difficulty plays a role.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of microbial inoculum for preparing composite organic-inorganic fertilizer.
Microbial inoculum provided by the invention, its activeconstituents are bacillus megaterium (Bacillus megaterium) salt tolerant bacterium 1CGMCC NO.3908, bacillusmusilaginosiengineering (Bacillus mucilaginosus) salt tolerant bacterium 2CGMCCNO.3907 and blown-ball Azotobacter (Azotobacter chroococcum) salt tolerant bacterium 3CGMCC NO.3906.
The colony forming unit number ratio of described bacillus megaterium (Bacillus megaterium) salt tolerant bacterium 1CGMCC NO.3908, described bacillusmusilaginosiengineering (Bacillus mucilaginosus) salt tolerant bacterium 2CGMCC NO.3907 and described blown-ball Azotobacter (Azotobacter chroococcum) salt tolerant bacterium 3CGMCC NO.3906 is (1.0 * 10
7-1.8 * 10
7): (1.0 * 10
7-1.67 * 10
7): (0.46 * 10
7-1.0 * 10
7), be specially (1.0 * 10
7, 1.5 * 10
7Or 1.8 * 10
7): (1.0 * 10
7, 1.5 * 10
7Or 1.67 * 10
7): (0.46 * 10
7, 0.8 * 10
7Or 1.0 * 10
7).。
Another object of the present invention provides a kind of method for preparing composite organic-inorganic fertilizer.
The method for preparing composite organic-inorganic fertilizer provided by the invention comprises the steps: that the microbial inoculum that will add chemical fertilizer and claim 1 or 2 described preparation composite organic-inorganic fertilizers in heap body material carries out compost and obtains composite organic-inorganic fertilizer.
The microbial inoculum of described preparation composite organic-inorganic fertilizer adds according to following proportioning: the proportioning of described bacillus megaterium (Bacillus megaterium) salt tolerant bacterium 1CGMCC NO.3908 and described heap body material is (1.0 * 10
7Cfu: 1kg)-(1.8 * 10
7Cfu: 1kg); The proportioning of described bacillusmusilaginosiengineering (Bacillusmucilaginosus) salt tolerant bacterium 2CGMCC NO.3907 and described heap body material is (1.0 * 10
7Cfu: 1kg)-(1.67 * 10
7Cfu: 1kg); The proportioning of described blown-ball Azotobacter (Azotobacter chroococcum) salt tolerant bacterium 3CGMCC NO.3906 and described heap body material is (0.46 * 10
7Cfu: 1kg)-(1.0 * 10
7Cfu: 1kg);
The proportioning of described bacillus megaterium (Bacillus megaterium) salt tolerant bacterium 1CGMCC NO.3908 and described heap body material is specially 1.0 * 10
7Cfu: 1kg, 1.5 * 10
7Cfu: 1kg or 1.8 * 10
7Cfu: 1kg; The proportioning of described bacillusmusilaginosiengineering (Bacillus mucilaginosus) salt tolerant bacterium 2CGMCC NO.3907 and described heap body material is specially 1.0 * 10
7Cfu: 1kg, 1.5 * 10
7Cfu: 1kg or 1.67 * 10
7Cfu: 1kg; The proportioning of described blown-ball Azotobacter (Azotobacter chroococcum) salt tolerant bacterium 3CGMCC NO.3906 and described heap body material is specially 0.46 * 10
7Cfu: 1kg, 0.8 * 10
7Cfu: 1kg or 1.0 * 10
7Cfu: 1kg.
The interpolation time of the microbial inoculum of described preparation composite organic-inorganic fertilizer is compost meter the 6th day when beginning or when compost begins, and compost began the note work the 0th day;
The addition manner of the microbial inoculum of described preparation composite organic-inorganic fertilizer is: with the microbial inoculum and the brown sugar aqueous solution of described preparation composite organic-inorganic fertilizer, the proportioning of all bacterium is (3.75g: 2.46 * 10 in the microbial inoculum of described brown sugar and described preparation composite organic-inorganic fertilizer
7Cfu)-(5.0g: 4.50 * 10
7Cfu); The proportioning (mass ratio) of water in the described brown sugar water solution and described heap body material is: (7.5g: 50kg)-(10g: 50kg)
The proportioning of all bacterium is specially (3.75g: 2.46 * 10 in the microbial inoculum of described brown sugar and described preparation composite organic-inorganic fertilizer
7Cfu), (4.0g: 3.0 * 10
7Cfu) or (5.0g: 4.50 * 10
7Cfu); The proportioning (mass ratio) of water in the described brown sugar water solution and described heap body material is: (7.5g: 50kg), (8.0g: 50kg) or (10g: 50kg);
All bacterium are described bacillus megaterium (Bacillus megaterium) salt tolerant bacterium 1CGMCC NO.3908, bacillusmusilaginosiengineering (Bacillus mucilaginosus) salt tolerant bacterium 2CGMCC NO.3907 and blown-ball Azotobacter (Azotobacter chroococcum) salt tolerant bacterium 3CGMCCNO.3906 in the microbial inoculum of described preparation composite organic-inorganic fertilizer.
Bacillus megaterium of the present invention (Bacillus megaterium) salt tolerant bacterium 1, bacillusmusilaginosiengineering (Bacillus mucilaginosus) salt tolerant bacterium 2 and blown-ball Azotobacter (Azotobacter chroococcum) salt tolerant bacterium 3 all are preserved in China Committee for Culture Collection of Microorganisms common micro-organisms center in preservation on June 2 in 2010 and (are called for short CGMCC, address: No. 3, Yard 1, BeiChen xi Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing City, Institute of Microorganism, Academia Sinica, postcode 100101), deposit number is respectively CGMCC NO.3908, CGMCC NO.3907 and CGMCC NO.3906.
Described chemical fertilizer is made up of nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer, the mass ratio of nitrogen in the described nitrogenous fertilizer and described heap body material is (1.16kg: 50kg-2.50kg: 50kg), be specially (1.16kg: 50kg, 2.0kg: 50kg or 2.50kg: 50kg, the mass ratio of phosphorus in the described phosphate fertilizer and described heap body material is (0.12kg: 50kg-0.3kg: 50kg), be specially 0.12kg: 50kg, 0.2kg: 50kg or 0.3kg: 50kg; The mass ratio of potassium in the described potash fertilizer and described heap body material is (0.37kg: 50kg-0.5kg: 50kg), be specially 0.37kg: 50kg, 0.45kg: 50kg or 0.50kg: 50kg;
Described nitrogenous fertilizer is specially urea; Described phosphate fertilizer is specially calcium superphosphate; Described potash fertilizer is specially vitriolate of tartar;
The interpolation time of described chemical fertilizer is for when described compost begins.
Described heap body material is made up of chicken manure, furfural, sugared slag and water;
The mass ratio of carbon and nitrogen is 29 in the described heap body material: 1-35: 1, be preferably 29: 1,30: 1 or 35: 1, and the water content of described heap body material is 50%-55% (a quality percentage composition), is preferably 50%, 52% or 55%.
The time of described compost is 15d;
The mode of described compost is: ventilation is 0.02m
3/ min/m
3Heap body material is every 1h ventilation 0.1h; Turning once and/or temperature turning when being higher than 60 ℃ week about.
A kind of composite organic-inorganic fertilizer that is obtained by last method also is a scope of protection of the invention.
The substratum of cultivating described bacillus megaterium (Bacillus megaterium) salt tolerant bacterium 1CGMCC NO.3908 use prepares as follows: be made up of 500ml potato vat liquor, 20g sucrose and water, water is mended to 1L; Described potato vat liquor is to prepare as follows: with the peeling potatoes 1800g that weighs, will remove the peel potato with Kanakin and wrap and place 4500ml water, boil 10 minutes, and discard the potato piece, all liquid in the collection container is the potato vat liquor;
The substratum of cultivating described bacillusmusilaginosiengineering (Bacillus mucilaginosus) salt tolerant bacterium 2CGMCC NO.3907 prepares as follows: with 10g sucrose, 0.4g yeast extract paste, 0.5g K
2HPO
4, 1g CaCO
3, 0.2g MgSO
47H
2O and 0.005g FeCl
3Be dissolved in the distilled water, mend to 1L with distilled water, pH value is 7.0-7.2;
The substratum of cultivating described blown-ball Azotobacter (Azotobacter chroococcum) salt tolerant bacterium 3CGMCC NO.3906 prepares as follows: with 10g sucrose or N.F,USP MANNITOL, 0.5g K
2HPO
4, 0.2g NaCl, 1g CaCO
3With 0.2g MgSO
47H
2O is dissolved in the distilled water, mends to 1L with distilled water, and pH value is 7.0-7.2.
Of the present invention experimental results show that, utilize the biologic organic, inorganic composite fertilizer of method preparation of the present invention, be to add in the feces of livestock and poultry fermentation that adds mineral manure after cultivating by the tolerance of the mixing microorganisms with fixed nitrogen, phosphorus decomposing, potassium decomposing being carried out high salt concentration to make, improved in the composite fertilizer viable count of microorganism and the quality of fertilizer.Therefore biologic organic, inorganic composite fertilizer is the direction of following fertilizer development, and the self-control biologic organic, inorganic composite fertilizer that this research provides has huge potential value.
Embodiment
Employed experimental technique is ordinary method if no special instructions among the following embodiment.
Used material, reagent etc. if no special instructions, all can obtain from commercial channels among the following embodiment.
The inorganic salt tolerance domestication of embodiment 1, interpolation microorganism
1, add the tolerance of microorganism to urea N:
At first with actication of culture and preserve former bacterial classification, the isolating single bacterial strain of will ruling is then made bacteria suspension, be passaged to thalline quantity stable after, carry out the tolerance experiment of urea N, concrete grammar is as follows: at first with the starting point concentration (urea N concentration be meant urea the percentage composition in 100ml liquid nutrient medium of interpolation) of urea concentration 1% as domestication, after going down to posterity, strengthen the process several times concentration of urea N, and measure the growth curve of bacterial classification under each concentration, when domestication finishes, measure the viable count of bacterial classification, see Table 1:
The viable count of table 1 microorganism urea N domestication
2, add the tolerance of microorganism to N, P, K:
The bacterial classification that finishes is cultivated in above urea tolerance be cultured to logarithmic phase in the domestication substratum, utilize plate streaking to isolate single bacterial strain, preserve in the laboratory.Carry out the tolerance test of calcium superphosphate and Repone K, concrete grammar is as follows: interpolation waits the calcium superphosphate and the Repone K (1: 1) of mass ratio in the bacteria culture fluid that is cultured to the certain urea concentration of tolerance, and improve concentration gradually, carry out the cultivation of single bacterial classification and mixed strains respectively, the single thalline of this concentration gradient of tolerance is isolated in the dull and stereotyped coating of each gradient utilization, after the liquid enrichment culture, the cultivation that adds next concentration, reach 8% until the contained inorganic salt concentration of bacterium liquid, and the salt tolerant bacterial strain that will finally obtain is inoculated into according to 1: 1: 1 ratio and carries out the mixed culture domestication in the mixed culture medium.The bacterial strain that adds the results are shown in Table 2 under total inorganic salt concentration domestication:
The viable count of table 2 microorganism under total inorganic salt concentration
By the domestication of total inorganic salt, the salt resistance ability of bacterial strain all has raising in various degree, and the tolerance concentration of mixed culture reaches 8%, and viable count also is significantly improved.There is not tangible antagonistic action during three strain bacterium mixed culture yet.
Obtain the three strain bacterium high respectively through above-mentioned screening to the inorganic salt tolerance, bacillus megaterium (Bacillus megaterium) salt tolerant bacterium 1, bacillusmusilaginosiengineering (Bacillus mucilaginosus) salt tolerant bacterium 2, and blown-ball Azotobacter (Azotobacter chroococcum) salt tolerant bacterium 3, this three strains bacterium is preserved in China Committee for Culture Collection of Microorganisms common micro-organisms center on June 2nd, 2010 (is called for short CGMCC, address: No. 3, Yard 1, BeiChen xi Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing City, Institute of Microorganism, Academia Sinica, postcode 100101), deposit number is respectively CGMCC NO.3908, CGMCC NO.3907 and CGMCC NO.3906.
Embodiment 2 biologic organic, inorganic composite fertilizer making methods
1, the acquisition of compost material
Method one,
Furfural is available from Beijing Voto Sky ﹠ Land Biotech Co., Ltd., and sugared slag provides available from Beijing Voto Sky ﹠ Land Biotech Co., Ltd..
It is main raw material that this fertilizer is selected dried poultrymanure for use, adds furfural and sugared slag adjusting C/N and carries out aerobic compost.
Get chicken manure 80kg, furfural 80kg, sugar slag 20kg, add moisture 20kg, regulating C/N is 29: 1 (mass ratio), and water ratio is 52% (mass ratio), fully the body material is piled in conduct behind the mixing, be divided into four parts, the fresh weight of every part of heap body material is 50kg, four parts of heap body materials is put into the laboratory compost reactor respectively carry out compost.Wherein the different treatment of four parts of heap body materials sees Table 3:
The different treatment of table 3 composting process
The chemical fertilizer that adds is made up of urea (nitrogenous fertilizer), calcium superphosphate (phosphate fertilizer) and vitriolate of tartar (potash fertilizer), and the nitrogen in the described nitrogenous fertilizer is 2.0kg: 50kg with the mass ratio of heap body material, and the phosphorus in the described phosphate fertilizer is 0.2kg: 50kg with the mass ratio of heap body material; Potassium in the described potash fertilizer is 0.45kg: 50kg with the mass ratio of heap body material;
The microbial inoculum of described preparation composite organic-inorganic fertilizer is to obtain by following steps:
1) bacillus megaterium (Bacillus megaterium) salt tolerant bacterium 1CGMCC NO.3908, bacillusmusilaginosiengineering (Bacillus mucilaginosus) salt tolerant bacterium 2CGMCC NO.3907 and blown-ball Azotobacter (Azotobacter chroococcum) salt tolerant bacterium 3CGMCC NO.3906 are cultivated respectively obtain bacillus megaterium culture, bacillusmusilaginosiengineering culture and blown-ball Azotobacter culture respectively earlier;
2) bacillus megaterium culture, bacillusmusilaginosiengineering culture and the blown-ball Azotobacter culture that again step 1) is obtained is 1.8 * 10 by colony forming unit number ratio
7: 1.67 * 10
7: 0.46 * 10
7Mix the microbial inoculum that obtains preparing composite organic-inorganic fertilizer;
The substratum of cultivating described bacillus megaterium (Bacillus megaterium) salt tolerant bacterium 1CGMCC NO.3908 prepares as follows: be made up of 500ml potato vat liquor, 20g sucrose and water, water is mended to 1L; Described potato vat liquor is to prepare as follows: with the peeling potatoes 1800g that weighs, to remove the peel potato with Kanakin wraps and places 4500ml water, boiled 10 minutes, discard the potato piece, all liquid in the collection container is the potato vat liquor, in the sterilization in 20 minutes of 15 pounds of pressure, the ice storage case is standby with this potato vat liquor.
The substratum of cultivating described bacillusmusilaginosiengineering (Bacillus mucilaginosus) salt tolerant bacterium 2CGMCC NO.3907 prepares as follows: with 10g sucrose, 0.4g yeast extract paste, 0.5g K
2HPO
4, 1g CaCO
3, 0.2g MgSO
47H
2O and 0.005g FeCl
3Be dissolved in the distilled water, mend to 1L with distilled water, pH value is 7.0-7.2.
The substratum of cultivating described blown-ball Azotobacter (Azotobacter chroococcum) salt tolerant bacterium 3CGMCC NO.3906 prepares as follows: with 10g sucrose or N.F,USP MANNITOL, 0.5g K
2HPO
4, 0.2gNaCl, 1g CaCO
3With 0.2g MgSO
47H
2O is dissolved in the distilled water, mends to 1L with distilled water, and pH value is 7.0-7.2.
The addition manner of the microbial inoculum of described preparation composite organic-inorganic fertilizer is: with the microbial inoculum and the brown sugar aqueous solution of described preparation composite organic-inorganic fertilizer, the proportioning of all bacterium is 4.0g in the microbial inoculum of described brown sugar and described preparation composite organic-inorganic fertilizer: 3.0 * 10
7Cfu; The mass ratio of water in the described brown sugar water solution and described heap body material is: 8.0g: 50kg.All bacterium are bacillus megaterium (Bacillus megaterium) salt tolerant bacterium 1CGMCC NO.3908, freeze sample genus bacillus (Bacillus mucilaginosus) salt tolerant bacterium 2CGMCC NO.3907 and blown-ball Azotobacter (Azotobacter chroococcum) salt tolerant bacterium 3CGMCCNO.3906 in the microbial inoculum of described preparation composite organic-inorganic fertilizer.
The microbial inoculum of described preparation composite organic-inorganic fertilizer adds according to following proportioning: the proportioning of described bacillus megaterium (Bacillus megaterium) salt tolerant bacterium 1CGMCC NO.3908 and described heap body material is 1.8 * 10
7Cfu: 1kg; The proportioning of bacillusmusilaginosiengineering (Bacillus mucilaginosus) salt tolerant bacterium 2CGMCCNO.3907 and described heap body material is 1.67 * 10
7Cfu: 1kg; The proportioning of blown-ball Azotobacter (Azotobacter chroococcum) salt tolerant bacterium 3CGMCC NO.3906 and described heap body material is 0.46 * 10
7Cfu: 1kg.
The microbial inoculum of chemical fertilizer and/or preparation composite organic-inorganic fertilizer is fully stirred back formation compost material with heap body material, put into experiment and carry out compost with compost reactor.
Method two,
Method and method one are basic identical, and different is local as follows:
The C/N of heap body material is 30: 1 (mass ratio), and water ratio is 50% (mass ratio).
The nitrogen of the described nitrogenous fertilizer in the chemical fertilizer that adds is 1.16kg: 50kg with the mass ratio of heap body material, and the phosphorus of described phosphate fertilizer is 0.12kg: 50kg with the mass ratio of heap body material; The potassium of described potash fertilizer is 0.37kg: 50kg with the mass ratio of heap body material.
The microbial inoculum of described preparation composite organic-inorganic fertilizer adds according to following proportioning: the proportioning of described bacillus megaterium (Bacillus megaterium) salt tolerant bacterium 1CGMCC NO.3908 and described heap body material is 1.0 * 10
7Cfu: 1kg; The proportioning of described bacillusmusilaginosiengineering (Bacillus mucilaginosus) salt tolerant bacterium 2CGMCCNO.3907 and described heap body material is 1.0 * 10
7Cfu: 1kg; The proportioning of described blown-ball Azotobacter (Azotobacter chroococcum) salt tolerant bacterium 3CGMCC NO.3906 and described heap body material is 0.8 * 10
7Cfu: 1kg.
The addition manner of the microbial inoculum of described preparation composite organic-inorganic fertilizer is: with the microbial inoculum and the brown sugar aqueous solution of described preparation composite organic-inorganic fertilizer, the proportioning of all bacterium is 3.75g in the microbial inoculum of described brown sugar and described preparation composite organic-inorganic fertilizer: 2.46 * 10
7Cfu; The proportioning (mass ratio) of water in the described brown sugar water solution and described heap body material is: 7.5g: 50kg.
Method three,
Method and method one are basic identical, and different is local as follows:
Heap body material C/N is 35: 1 (mass ratio), and water ratio is 55% (mass ratio).
The nitrogen of nitrogenous fertilizer described in the chemical fertilizer that adds is 2.5kg: 50kg with the mass ratio of heap body material, and the phosphorus of described phosphate fertilizer is 0.3kg: 50kg with the mass ratio of heap body material; The potassium of described potash fertilizer is 0.5kg: 50kg with the mass ratio of heap body material.
The microbial inoculum of described preparation composite organic-inorganic fertilizer adds according to following proportioning: the proportioning of described bacillus megaterium (Bacillus megaterium) salt tolerant bacterium 1CGMCC NO.3908 and described heap body material is 1.5 * 10
7Cfu: 1kg; The proportioning of described bacillusmusilaginosiengineering (Bacillus mucilaginosus) salt tolerant bacterium 2CGMCCNO.3907 and described heap body material is 1.5 * 10
7Cfu: 1kg; The proportioning of described blown-ball Azotobacter (Azotobacter chroococcum) salt tolerant bacterium 3CGMCC NO.3906 and described heap body material is 1.0 * 10
7Cfu: 1kg.
The addition manner of the microbial inoculum of described preparation composite organic-inorganic fertilizer is: with the microbial inoculum and the brown sugar aqueous solution of described preparation composite organic-inorganic fertilizer, the proportioning of all bacterium is 5.0g in the microbial inoculum of described brown sugar and described preparation composite organic-inorganic fertilizer: 4.5 * 10
7Cfu; The proportioning (mass ratio) of water in the described brown sugar water solution and described heap body material is: 10g: 50kg.
2, compost
The chemical fertilizer of method one acquisition and/or the microbial inoculum of preparation composite organic-inorganic fertilizer are fully stirred back formation compost material (T3, T2, T1 or CK) with heap body material, put into experiment and carry out compost with compost reactor.
Compost reactor is the horizontal composting device of supporting well, and is cylindric, reaction chamber diameter 48cm, and long 50cm, accurate volume is 100L, is divided into three parts: reactor tank body, detection system, Controlling System.
The compost cycle is set at 15d, and the control ventilation is 0.02m
3/ min/m
3Heap body material, every 1h ventilation 0.1h, the pressure in the container is 1.013 * 10
5Pa.Compost week about turning once, temperature is higher than 60 ℃ of turnings.0d, 3d, 6d, 9d, 12d and 15d at compost take a sample respectively, adopt the different depths multidraw to mix, the temperature of working sample, microbe population, full nitrogen, available phosphorus, organic matter, water content and GI (seed germination index).
Temperature is a continuous detecting, and result of every 2h is specific as follows:
The temperature of T2 is respectively 24.15,26.24167,33.63571,41.31667,46.15,49.95,53.54266,55.25,55.66,56.025,56.18333,56.08333,55.43333,55.46667,55.37857,55.6667,55.69,55.95,55.82875,55.87,56.01667,56.30833,56.35,55.45833,56.8,57.5333,54.775,55.48333,53.125,55.68333,53.09167,52.175,51.46667,50.75833,49.65833,47.84167,43.8333,43.19167,42.13077,41.82308,41.325,41.1333,39.875,34.115,34.20833,33.99722,32.90541,32.50811,32.29297,32.29279,31.66944,31.40811,31.04595,30.6333,29.6;
The temperature of T3 is respectively 24.425,26.075,31.6,41.05,49.3333,55.05833,57.975,58.825,59.25833,59.175,59.3,59.0667,58.21667,58.08333,57.65,57.8333,57.45,57.6667,56.58333,56.6,56.54167,56.50833,56.275,55.78333,60.05833,64.225,64.6333,64.26667,63.15,62.15,60.35,59.19167,57.8667,56.725,54.95833,53.333,51.025,49.7333,47.95833,46.78333,45.68333,45.09127,43.61818,37.02629,36.49048,36.34722,35.65,35.5333,35.64444,36.00278,35.85442,35.74907,35.80278,35.5333,34.57442;
The temperature of T1 is respectively 22.175,23.3333,26,32.0623,36.6,39.8,45.35,49.64167,51.35833,54.35833,57.0258,58.4583,58.2,58.075,57.64167,57.24167,56.90833,56.84167,56.475,56.375,56.59167,56.9,56.96667,56.28333,52.55833,50.75,50.3,50.5,50.3,48.825,45.91667,45.30833,44.84167,42.2333,41.725,40.9333,41.25,41.41667,41.19167,42.45833,43.88333,42.70833,41.63636,36.9,36.30833,35.90417,35.48611,34.475,34.14722,33.77222,33.82222,33.39143,33.39444,33.13869,33.05143,32.46111;
The temperature of CK is respectively 23.465,25.1333,28.25833,36.96667,46.9,54.29167,58.075,59.775,60.39167,60.95833,60.60833,60.95,60.2,60.29167,59.85,59.61667,58.975,58.9333,58.2,58.0667,57.8333,57.4333,57.01667,55.075,61.61667,57.95,55.09167,56.94167,58.83636,56.28333,54.5,55.975,56.11677,54.64167,52.46667,50.64167,47.95833,46.65833,44.36667,42.95833,41.24167,40.30833,38.24545,28.72,28.125,27.68889,26.6,26.2333,25.96385,26.0611,25.725,25.78611,25.74122,25.78158,25.33415;
As can be seen, composting process has experienced temperature raising period, pliotherm period and 3 stages of cooldown period.Wherein handle CK and T3 heat up relative very fast, and the pliotherm period of T3 surpassed 6d (beginning to being lower than 55 ℃ from surpassing 55 ℃) promptly from the 3rd day to the 9th day, organic matter decomposition is more complete, rotten degree is good.At temperature-fall period, T3 has heat insulation effect preferably, and the heap temperature descends slowly, and CK is relative very fast with the decline of T2 temperature, and T1's is fastest, finishes the heap temperature near envrionment temperature to compost.The difference variation of temperature illustrates that the processing heat insulation effect that only adds chemical fertilizer is relatively poor, has added the influence that causes for the inorganic fertilizer that adds behind the beneficial microorganism and has played certain mitigation.
The oven drying method measured moisture content, 105 ℃ dry to constant weight, the result is that T3 is at 0d, 3d, 6d, 9d, the water content of 12d and 15d is respectively 51.55%, 43.56%, 35.95%, 31.26%, 26.06%, 31.26%, T2 is at 0d, 3d, 6d, 9d, the water content of 12d and 15d is respectively 52.64%, 46.27%, 31.09%, 37.92%, 28.56%, 32.88%, T1 is at 0d, 3d, 6d, 9d, the water content of 12d and 15d is respectively 51.84%, 46.80%, 36.11%, 38,43%, 29.86%, 32,34%, CK is at 0d, 3d, 6d, 9d, the water content of 12d and 15d is respectively 51.65%, 44.08%, 33.30%, 36.36%, 28.53%, 32.90%.The moisture fall of T3, T2, T1 and CK is respectively in the composting process: 20.29%, 19.76%, 19.50%, 18.75%, and the biggest drop of T3.The sampling T3 of 6d and T2, T1 and CK be significant difference respectively, T1 and T2, CK significant difference, illustrate that only adding inorganic fertilizer has reduced scattering and disappearing of moisture, the T1 water content is apparently higher than CK, the T2 of microbe inoculation, T3 water content and CK difference are little, and the vital movement that microorganism is described has consumed moisture and helped material and become thoroughly decomposed.The 12d sampling, T3 and T1, T2, CK significant difference, later stage interpolation microorganism is described, and early stage, additive effect was obvious.The equal difference of all the other each sub-samplings is not remarkable, illustrates to add inorganic fertilizer for the certain restraining effect of the lost existence of moisture in the compost in compost, and certain mitigation is played in the adding of salt-durable microbe, and particularly later stage interpolation microbial process is obvious relatively.
Utilize 2: 1 ratio lixiviate of water and sample, measure pH of suspension with potentiometry, T3 is respectively 5.51,6.01,7.10,7.00,6.10,6.65 at the pH of 0d, 3d, 6d, 9d, 12d and 15d, T2 is respectively 5.58,6.22,6.92,7.03,6.10,6.60 at the pH of 0d, 3d, 6d, 9d, 12d and 15d, T1 is respectively 5.61,6.31,7.30,7.35,6.42,7.10 at the pH of 0d, 3d, 6d, 9d, 12d and 15d, and CK is respectively 5.51,6.15,6.96,7.25,6.31,6.96 at the pH of 0d, 3d, 6d, 9d, 12d and 15d.The pH of four processing variation overall trend is identical in the composting process, and the pH value slightly raises by fermentation, all showing the then trend of rise that descends again that raises earlier.
Semimicro Kelvin method is measured total nitrogen content, T3 is at 0d, 3d, 6d, 9d, the total nitrogen content of 12d and 15d is respectively 10.12g/kg, 12.48g/kg, 14.56g/kg, 17.59g/kg, 16.34g/kg, 20.32g/kg, T2 is at 0d, 3d, 6d, 9d, the total nitrogen content of 12d and 15d is respectively 9.70g/kg, 12.91g/kg, 17.02g/kg, 18.33g/kg, 18.89g/kg, 20.60g/kg, T1 is at 0d, 3d, 6d, 9d, the total nitrogen content of 12d and 15d is respectively 10.71g/kg, 13.01g/kg, 16.00g/kg, 18.10g/kg, 16.99g/kg, 20.47g/kg CK is at 0d, 3d, 6d, 9d, the total nitrogen content of 12d and 15d is respectively 9.94g/kg, 11.53g/kg, 12.04g/kg, 18.37g/kg, 17.54g/kg, 18.81g/kg.The TN of four processing (total nitrogen content) amount is totally in rising trend in the compost, CK, T1, each TN content of handling of T2, T3 reach 18.81g/kg, 20.60g/kg, 20.47g/kg, 20.32g/kg respectively during 15d, the amplification minimum of CK, the TN of T1, T2, T3 all is higher than CK and significant difference, illustrates that the inorganic fertilizer that adds has played mitigation to the loss of nitrogen in the compost.
That the outer heating method of potassium bichromate is measured is organic, and (soil organism is the various nutrition important source of nitrogen, phosphorus particularly in the soil.It also contains the materials such as humic acid of stimulating plant growth.), T3 is at 0d, 3d, / 6d, 9d, the organic content of 12d and 15d is respectively 355.32g/kg, 342.16g/kg, 290.21g/kg, 256.35g/kg, 241.12g/kg, 219.52g/kg, T2 is at 0d, 3d, 6d, 9d, the organic content of 12d and 15d is respectively 354.22g/kg, 345.12,298,02,265.41,250.13,218.45, T1 is at 0d, 3d, 6d, 9d, the organic content of 12d and 15d is respectively 356.78g/kg, 351.42g/kg, 301.79,289.41g/kg, 270.10g/kg, 255.52g/kg CK is at 0d, 3d, 6d, 9d, the organic content of 12d and 15d is respectively 325.82g/kg, 325.56g/kg, 294.80g/kg, 294.62g/kg 272.50g/kg, 241.24g/kg.The organic matter of handling T3 descends in compost obviously, 355.32g/kg from the compost initial stage, 219.52g/kg when dropping to compost 15d, fall is 9.05g/kgd, T1, the fall that CK and T2 handle is respectively 6.75g/kgd, 5.63g/kgd, 9.05g/kgd, to handle equal difference remarkable for the organic content of T1 and all the other when compost finished, T2, T3 there is no notable difference, illustrate that T1 has added the microbial activities that suppresses compost itself behind the inorganic fertilizer, organic matter decomposition is slowed down, the significant difference of T3 and CK, promptly the post incoulation microorganism makes the compost effect improve with respect to T2.The interpolation that is microorganism has been played certain restitution to adding inorganic fertilizer to degradation of organic matter.
NaOH fusion-molybdenum antimony resistance colorimetric method, T3 is at 0d, 3d, 6d, 9d, the available phosphorus content of 12d and 15d is respectively 2.44g/kg, 1.95g/kg, 4.66g/kg, 3.95g/kg, 4.17g/kg, 4.75g/kg, T2 is at 0d, 3d, 6d, 9d, the available phosphorus content of 12d and 15d is respectively 2.45g/kg, 2.17g/kg, 4.46g/kg, 4.15g/kg, 4.70g/kg, 5.02g/kg, T1 is at 0d, 3d, 6d, 9d, the available phosphorus content of 12d and 15d is respectively 2.45g/kg, 2.02g/kg, 3.93g/kg, 4.02g/kg, 3.72g/kg, 4.85g/kg CK is at 0d, 3d, 6d, 9d, the available phosphorus content of 12d and 15d is respectively 2.01g/kg, 1.79g/kg, 3.64g/kg, 3.16g/kg, 3.67g/kg, 4.32g/kg.Available phosphorus content descends in the early stage to some extent in the compost, and content increases subsequently, and this is main relevant with organic matter decomposition and moisture evaporation.Along with the decomposition of organic substance, produce a large amount of small molecular organic acids the inorganic fertilizer that adds had activation in the compost, thus T1, T2, T3 at the 15d available phosphorus content apparently higher than CK.
Adopt wheat to do the test of seed germination index, T3 is at 0d, 3d, 6d, 9d, the percentage of germination of 12d and 15d is respectively 59.07%, 70.17%, 80.83%, 82.10%, 89.77%, 96.63%, T2 is at 0d, 3d, 6d, 9d, the percentage of germination of 12d and 15d is respectively 69.57%, 74.47%, 76.23%, 79.70%, 89.40%, 92.03%, T1 is at 0d, 3d, 6d, 9d, the percentage of germination of 12d and 15d is respectively 71.40%, 74.90%, 75.83%, 83.97%, 89.00%, 91.37%, CK is at 0d, 3d, 6d, 9d, the percentage of germination of 12d and 15d is respectively 58.33%, 72.00%, 79.40%, 81.50%, 87.63%, 88.30%.When compost finished, CK, T1, each percentage of germination of handling of T2, T3 reached 88.30%, 91.37%, 92.03%, 96.63% respectively, have all surpassed 80%, think and become thoroughly decomposed fully that wherein the effect of becoming thoroughly decomposed of T3 is best.And the significant difference of T1 and T2, T3 illustrates that microbe inoculation has improved the effect of becoming thoroughly decomposed of compost.
Colony counting method detects CK, T1, each bacterium, fungi, actinomycetic viable count of handling of T2, T3, and statistics is as shown in table 4 below.
Table 4 viable count statistics
Viable count when bacillus megaterium (Bacillus megaterium) salt tolerant bacterium 1CGMCC NO.3908, bacillusmusilaginosiengineering (Bacillus mucilaginosus) salt tolerant bacterium 2CGMCC NO.3907 and blown-ball Azotobacter (Azotobacter chroococcum) salt tolerant bacterium 3CGMCC NO.3906 inoculated at the compost initial stage is 1.00 * 10
7Cfu/m1, quantity all is earlier to reduce the trend of afterwards recovering in compost, and the viable count of T3 is apparently higher than T2, and the process of a rising has appearred again in T3 temperature behind the mixed bacterium of access, it is 0.64 * 10 that high temperature has certain influence, particularly vinelandii quantity when compost finishes to microbial numbers
7Cfu/ml.But three strain bacterium have all reached the standard of viable count in the bio-feritlizer.
The biologic organic, inorganic composite fertilizer effect that method two and three biologic organic, inorganic composite fertilizers that obtain and method one obtain does not have significant difference.
The fertilizer efficiency of embodiment 3, biologic organic, inorganic composite fertilizer detects
Adopt the fertilizer efficiency of greenhouse pot culture wheat detection of biological composite organic-inorganic fertilizer, and compare with chemical fertilizer, conventional compost, the processing of not applying fertilizer.Concrete grammar is: after soil is crossed the 2mm sieve, regulate water content to 60%, potted plant wheat, the 500ml that waters every three days a time, and suitably loosen the soil, in doing wet temperature control incubator, cultivate, cycle is two months, respectively 0, twice destructive sampling of 60d, analyze relatively different fertilization before and after fertilising change of soil nutrient and plant nutrient content (fertilizer all applies potted plant in the mode of base fertilizer, sowing amount all is standard N 0.27g/kg with the inorganic fertilizer, P
2O
50.13g/kg, K
2O 0.25g/kg, nutrient is insufficient in the fertilizer supplies with inorganic fertilizer.)。Wherein different fertilizer treatment is as follows:
CK: do not apply fertilizer (contrast)
T1: use inorganic fertilizer (N 0.27g/kg, P
2O
50.13g/kg, K
2O 0.25g/kg.)
T2: (add microbial inoculum early stage to biologic organic, inorganic composite fertilizer, obtained by embodiment 2 methods one T2.)
T3: (later stage is added microbial inoculum to biologic organic, inorganic composite fertilizer, is obtained by embodiment 2 methods one T3.)
T4: traditional compost (by the CK of embodiment 2 methods one acquisition)
(annotate: fertilizer is converted into the phase application quantity in N, and Fertilization Level and chemical fertilizer are consistent.With wheat seed vernalization one day, sowed 20 in every basin, week back final singling, every basin 5 strains before the sowing in second day.The experiment triplicate, the result takes the mean.)
1, biological organic and inorganic fertilizer is to the influence of soil property:
The physicochemical environment of soil, nutrient environment and coenocorrelation etc. have constituted the ambient conditions of plant growth, and each fertilizer treatment sees Table 5 to the property effect of soil:
The variation of table 5 soil property (organic, full nitrogen, available phosphorus unit: g/kg)
Level of same letter representation in the table, the significant difference of different letters.
Different fertilization sees Table 6 to the influence of soil microorganisms:
Table 6 soil microorganisms number change (individual/gram)
The microbe population of each fertilizer treatment all increases than CK, wherein the T3 effect is the most obvious, bacterium has increased by 2.65 times, fungi has increased by 2.45 times, actinomycetes have increased by 1.48 times, compare with the processing of using chemical fertilizer, and bacterium has increased by 93%, fungi has increased by 86%, and actinomycetes have increased by 48.7%.The trend that each handles microorganism increases is: T3＞T2＞T4＞T1.
2, the biological organic and inorganic fertilizer material is to the influence of plant strain growth:
Table 7 different fertilization vegetation growth state
Level of same letter representation in the table, the significant difference of different letters.
T1 wheat fresh weight (being biomass) has increased 6.05g than CK, and T3, T2, T4 processing fresh weight have increased 5.89g, 5.81g, 2.81g respectively, and the leaf area T2 of wheat, T3 increase significantly, and it is minimum to use inorganic composite fertilizer (T1) leaf area to increase, and has only 0.4cm
2(area with blade calculates), each greenery number average of handling has increase, and still with the amplification maximum of T3, T4, each fertilizer treatment is to the influence of wheat growth situation.
The biologic organic, inorganic composite fertilizer effect that method two and three biologic organic, inorganic composite fertilizers that obtain and method one obtain does not have significant difference.
In sum, use biologic organic, inorganic composite fertilizer, not only can improve the soil organism, increase total soil nitrogen, and help the release of soil available phosphorus, improve soil supplying nutrient capability.Organic substance wherein not only can directly increase soil organic matter content, and discharges available nutrient for plant utilization under a large amount of beneficial microorganism Decompositions.Wherein the quick-acting chemical fertilizer of Tian Jiaing have directly increased available nutrient, and for beneficial microorganism provides nutrition, make its increased activity.Beneficial microorganism is nutrition and energy with organic substance in the fertilizer and available nutrient, a large amount of breedings increase, vital movement is vigorous, produce a large amount of physiologically active substances and organic acid, promoted the decomposition and the release of organic nutrient and difficultly soluble nutrient, and can reduce soil the absorption of available nutrient and fixing.Therefore, biologic organic, inorganic composite fertilizer is the direction of following fertilizer development, and the self-control biologic organic, inorganic composite fertilizer that this research provides has huge potential value.
Claims (8)
1. microbial inoculum for preparing composite organic-inorganic fertilizer, its activeconstituents is bacillus megaterium (Bacillus megaterium) salt tolerant bacterium 1 CGMCC NO.3908, bacillusmusilaginosiengineering (Bacillus mucilaginosus) salt tolerant bacterium 2CGMCC NO.3907 and blown-ball Azotobacter (Azotobacter chroococcum) salt tolerant bacterium 3 CGMCC NO.3906; The colony forming unit number ratio of described bacillus megaterium (Bacillus megaterium) salt tolerant bacterium 1 CGMCC NO.3908, described bacillusmusilaginosiengineering (Bacillus mucilaginosus) salt tolerant bacterium 2CGMCC NO.3907 and described blown-ball Azotobacter (Azotobacter chroococcum) salt tolerant bacterium 3 CGMCC NO.3906 is 1.0 * 10
7-1.8 * 10
7: 1.0 * 10
7-1.67 * 10
7: 0.46 * 10
7-1.0 * 10
7
2. a method for preparing composite organic-inorganic fertilizer comprises the steps: that the microbial inoculum that adds chemical fertilizer and the described preparation composite organic-inorganic fertilizer of claim 1 in heap body material carries out compost acquisition composite organic-inorganic fertilizer.
3. method according to claim 2 is characterized in that: the microbial inoculum of described preparation composite organic-inorganic fertilizer adds according to following proportioning: the proportioning of described bacillus megaterium (Bacillus megaterium) salt tolerant bacterium 1 CGMCC NO.3908 and described heap body material is 1.0 * 10
7Cfu: 1kg-1.8 * 10
7Cfu: 1kg; The proportioning of described bacillusmusilaginosiengineering (Bacillus mucilaginosus) salt tolerant bacterium 2CGMCC NO.3907 and described heap body material is 1.0 * 10
7Cfu: 1kg-1.67 * 10
7Cfu: 1kg; The proportioning of described blown-ball Azotobacter (Azotobacter chroococcum) salt tolerant bacterium 3 CGMCC NO.3906 and described heap body material is 0.46 * 10
7Cfu: 1kg-1.0 * 10
7Cfu: 1kg.
4. method according to claim 2 is characterized in that:
The interpolation time of the microbial inoculum of described preparation composite organic-inorganic fertilizer is compost meter the 6th day when beginning or when compost begins, and compost began the note work the 0th day;
The addition manner of the microbial inoculum of described preparation composite organic-inorganic fertilizer is: with the microbial inoculum and the brown sugar aqueous solution of described preparation composite organic-inorganic fertilizer, the proportioning of all bacterium is 3.75g in the microbial inoculum of described brown sugar and described preparation composite organic-inorganic fertilizer: 2.46 * 10
7Cfu-5.0g: 4.5 * 10
7Cfu; The mass ratio of water in the described brown sugar water solution and described heap body material is 7.5g: 50kg-10g: 50kg;
All bacterium are described bacillus megaterium (Bacillus mega terium) salt tolerant bacterium 1 CGMCC NO.3908, bacillusmusilaginosiengineering (Bacillus mucilaginosus) salt tolerant bacterium 2CGMCC NO.3907 and blown-ball Azotobacter (Azotobacter chroococcum) salt tolerant bacterium 3 CGMCC NO.3906 in the microbial inoculum of described preparation composite organic-inorganic fertilizer.
5. method according to claim 2 is characterized in that:
Described chemical fertilizer is made up of nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer, and the mass ratio of nitrogen in the described nitrogenous fertilizer and described heap body material is 1.16kg: 50kg-2.50kg: 50kg; The mass ratio of phosphorus in the described phosphate fertilizer and described heap body material is 0.12kg: 50kg-0.3kg: 50kg; The mass ratio of potassium in the described potash fertilizer and described heap body material is 0.37kg: 50kg-0.5kg: 50kg;
The interpolation time of described chemical fertilizer is for when described compost begins.
6. method according to claim 2 is characterized in that:
Described heap body material is made up of chicken manure, furfural, sugared slag and water;
The mol ratio of carbon and nitrogen is 29 in the described heap body material: 1-35: 1, and the water content of described heap body material is 50%-55% (a quality percentage composition).
7. method according to claim 2 is characterized in that:
The time of described compost is 15d;
The mode of described compost is: ventilation is 0.02m
3/ min/m
3Heap body material is every 1h ventilation 0.1h; Turning once and/or temperature turning when being higher than 60 ℃ week about.
8. composite organic-inorganic fertilizer that obtains by each described method among the claim 2-7.
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