CN101843207A - Technical method for shaping pendulous branches of apple trees in full bearing age and harvesting apples in high yield - Google Patents
Technical method for shaping pendulous branches of apple trees in full bearing age and harvesting apples in high yield Download PDFInfo
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- CN101843207A CN101843207A CN 201010197464 CN201010197464A CN101843207A CN 101843207 A CN101843207 A CN 101843207A CN 201010197464 CN201010197464 CN 201010197464 CN 201010197464 A CN201010197464 A CN 201010197464A CN 101843207 A CN101843207 A CN 101843207A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a technical method for shaping pendulous branches of apple trees in full bearing age and harvesting apples in high yield, belongs to fruit tree culture technology, and in particular discloses technology for shaping the pendulous branches of the apple trees in full bearing age and harvesting the apples in high yield. In the technology, interlayer transition branches are gradually thinned and removed, and interlayer spacing is enlarged; side branches on main branches are gradually thinned and removed, and long branches are promoted and maintained on the main branches, are slowly released, and are twisted and pulled towards the ground to form weeping willow shapes; and the front ends of the main branches is bent and fixed in a way of being vertical to the ground, on-back prosperous branches on the main branches are promoted, on-back upright branches grown on the arch backs by bending the fruit branches are properly maintained, measures such as fertilizer and water management are strengthened to promote the change of tree shapes, and the yield is high and the fruit quality is improved. Therefore, the technology is a technical measure for modifying orchards with high-density and short trees in the full bearing age so as to yield more and stably. The technology has high promotion value.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to fruit tree planting technique, particularly be suitable for a kind of technology of apple tree shaping of falling the weeping branch in the full bearing period and apple high yield.
Background technology
The existing fruit growing pattern major part of China is Qiaoization dense planting pattern.After 1970's, be subjected to the west and downgrade the influence of planting culture, China fruit tree is tree-like, and to transfer to spindle series gradually tree-like, for realizing that apple early high-yield high yield plays a role, but owing to do not popularize corresponding dwarfing rootstock, make that Qiaoization dense planting of today is tree-like to face canopy after many problems, the especially full bearing period, illumination deterioration etc.The treelet of fruit tree mainly is spindle shaped training, becomes result's in age big tree root to have part to continue to keep spindle according to the situation of producing, and the later stage that has changes into happy type; No matter which kind of is tree-like, in do generally higher, generally all more than 1 meter, the illumination closing of the fruit tree in most of Vigorating compact planting garden appearance after lifes in 10 years, yield poorly, the problems such as the product qualitative change is bad, output biennial bearing.
Summary of the invention
The technical method that the purpose of this invention is to provide shaping of falling the weeping branch of a kind of apple tree and apple tree high yield, the subject matter that this invention solves be the full bearing period of Qiaoization dense planting garden appearance apple tree illumination closing, yield poorly, problems such as the product qualitative change is bad, output biennial bearing
Technical scheme of the present invention is: the shaping of falling the weeping branch in a kind of apple tree full bearing period and the technical method of apple tree high yield is characterized in that: mainly comprise following measure:
One, original trunk is dredged layer shape or the big tree of spindle and transform as and draw tree-likely, its method is: remove the layer to layer transition branch gradually, add large interlamellar spacing; Remove the side shoot on the major branch year by year, on major branch, inspire and keep long shoot, slow putting, and it is turned round pull-shaped one-tenth weeping willow shape earthward; Should note during transformation the major branch that keeps is not wanted cutting back, but also being vertical bending earthward, fixes the front end of major branch, promote the prosperous branch of multiple back on the major branch, it is tree-like that drop-down back forms weeping willow, for veteran as a result, original brachyplast as a result on the major branch should all keep makes it continue the result, treat that sagging fruit bearing shoot forms bearing capacity after, progressively remove again;
After each long shoot is pulled to ground, on the major branch and the bending of long shoot back of a bow place can send a large amount of back branches, to these back branches except remove a small amount of overstocked, all the other all keep, slow putting, particularly the back vertical branch of fruit branch bending back of a bow place generation more should be noted keeping, and the effect that keeps these branches has two: one, can increase the branches and leaves amount, supports the strong tree of root; The 2nd, can cultivate into the reserve fruitful branch.Former sagging fruitful branch as a result behind the 2-3 bearing capacity descend, it can be wiped out, near reserve fruitful branch is vertically stooped earthward, replenish the space.Later on each every year according to this method upgrade processing.
Should mainly adopt when implementing this technology and knock tooth, take branch, draw branch and other branch, branch is put to main take slow, and few cutting back does not more need band girdle; The time that branch is drop-down, should carry out behind the defoliation of fruit trees in the 5-6 month or the autumn in every year.Draw branch to be conducive to the differentiation of bud the 5-6 month; The most lignifying of branch in autumn, the degree of flexibility height is difficult for pulling off, and draws this moment branch to be conducive to the bud differentiation in next year.The length of vertical drop-down branch must reach more than the 0.8-1m.To not reaching the branch of length, can delay and let alone its growth, more drop-down after the length to be reached.
Two, corresponding control measures: 1. many fertilisings should be tree-like because the output height, thereby fertilising, water waterborne than 1 times of the tree-like orchard increase of tradition.Every 666.7m ' is with more than the farmyard manure 6000kg, biological organic fertilizer and more than the chemical fertilizer 400kg, and note replenishing of trace element.2. deep ploughing and the annual autumn of watering in the orchard, enrich and exempt from deep ploughing, guarantee to irrigate the front water of freeze-up water and bud.
Beneficial effect of the present invention is
1 can solve the contradiction of the prosperous length of fruit tree, output and three aspects of fruit quality preferably.Draw the difference of a pruning technique and traditional pruning fruit tree technology maximum to be processing to the prosperous long shoot bar of fruit tree.Traditional pruning method is that the branch with upright prosperous length removes in a large number, although prosperous length has been controlled in this measure, has also caused the waste of a large amount of nutrition; And draw a pruning, then be to keep upright prosperous long shoot bar, its reach reverse under the certain-length back fixing, by changing the direction of growth, change nutrient distribution, it is transformed to reproductive growth by nourishing and growing, form a large amount of high-quality buds, thereby improve the yield and quality of fruit.
2 is simple and convenient and easy to study, saves labor.Use this pruning technique, without band girdle, girdling and pinching, as long as the disposable tooth of knocking by taking branch, other branch, drawing branch, is evenly distributed branch, entirely sets into the weeping willow shape and get final product, simple and convenient and easy to study.Little because of the tree crown volume, area is concentrated as a result, flower and fruit thinning, artificial pollination, bagging, pluck recruitments such as bag and fruit harvesting and significantly reduce.
3 output height.Field planting the 5th annual 666.7m2 produces 7500kg, reaches 10000kg after 8 years.This pruning technique is the transformation in very suitable airtight apple orchard also.Output was doubled and redoubled after veteran was transformed.
4 quality betters.Draw that branch is tree-like to make the sagging similar weeping willow of all fruit bearing shoot of apple tree, fruit whole be born on the sagging fruit bearing shoot, thereby fruit shape is rectified.See light everywhere inside and outside the full tree, full haw over the years is all more than 85%, and the high quality fruit ratio accounts for 85.6%.Fruit big, painted good, pol is high, hardness is big, really face is bright and clean, has realized the unification of high yield and high-quality.
5 convenient managements.Tree crown was tubular after this tree was shaped, about height of tree 3m, about crown diameter 3mX3m.The space that 80cm is arranged between strain and the strain, row with capable between the operation road of 1-1.2m is arranged.It is convenient to prune, water, spray medicine everything; Fertilising, gathering can push away dolly and freely coming in and going out; Put stool during tree crown top such as pruning, bagging, artificial pollination operation or cat ladder all has suitable position.
6 are beneficial to preventing disease pest control.Many two skew backs at the master branch of the fruit-bearing shoot cluster of trunk thin layer shape and spindle tree are given birth to or all one's life, which floor the leaf curtain has from the bottom to top, need repeatedly spraying of positive and negative when spraying medicine, but often still have the dead angle to exist; And draw the tree-like branch from top to bottom of branch vertical, arrange in order, no matter flat spray or tiltedly spray during the spray medicine, blade and fruit everywhere medicine, prevention effect is good.
Embodiment
The specific embodiment of the present invention and step are:
Original trunk is dredged layer shape or the big tree of spindle to be transform as and draws tree-like method to be: remove the layer to layer transition branch gradually, add large interlamellar spacing; Remove the side shoot on the major branch year by year, inspire on major branch and keep long shoot, slow putting turned round pull-shaped one-tenth weeping willow shape earthward.Should note during transformation the major branch that keeps is not wanted cutting back, fix but the front end of major branch also is vertical bending earthward, after processing only so, just can inspire prosperous of a large amount of backs at major branch, drop-down rear formation weeping willow is tree-like.For veteran as a result, the original as a result brachyplast on the major branch should all keep makes it continue the result, treat that sagging fruitful branch forms bearing capacity after, progressively remove again.
After each long shoot was pulled to ground, on the major branch and the bending of long shoot back of a bow place can send a large amount of back branches, to these back branches except remove a small amount of overstocked, all the other all keep, and delay to put.Particularly the back vertical branch of fruit branch bending back of a bow place generation more should be noted keeping.The effect that keeps these branches has two: one, can increase the branches and leaves amount, supports the strong tree of root; The 2nd, can cultivate into the reserve fruitful branch.Former sagging fruitful branch as a result behind the 2-3 bearing capacity descend, it can be wiped out, near reserve fruitful branch is vertically stooped earthward, replenish the space.Later on each every year according to this method upgrade processing.
Points for attention
1. this technology mainly adopts and knocks tooth, takes branch, draws branch and other branch, and branch is put to main take slow, and seldom cutting back does not more need band girdle.2. this tree-like because output height, thus in fertilising, water the orchard more tree-like than tradition waterborne and increase by 1 times.Every 666.7m ' is with more than the farmyard manure 6000kg, biological organic fertilizer and more than the chemical fertilizer 400kg, and note replenishing of trace element.In the orchard, enrich annual autumn and exempt from deep ploughing, guarantee to irrigate the front water of freeze-up water and bud.3. the sick tree of the old and the weak should not be adopted this tree-like transformation.4. the drop-down time of branch, should carry out behind the defoliation of fruit trees in the 5-6 month or the autumn in every year.Draw branch to be conducive to the differentiation of bud the 5-6 month; The most lignifying of branch in autumn, the degree of flexibility height is difficult for pulling off, and draws this moment branch to be conducive to the bud differentiation in next year.The length of vertical drop-down branch must reach more than the 0.8-1m.To not reaching the branch of length, can delay and let alone its growth, more drop-down after the length to be reached.
Claims (2)
1. original trunk is dredged layer shape or the big tree of spindle and transform as and draw tree-likely, its method is: remove the layer to layer transition branch gradually, add large interlamellar spacing; Remove the side shoot on the major branch year by year, on major branch, inspire and keep long shoot, slow putting, and it is turned round pull-shaped one-tenth weeping willow shape earthward; Should note during transformation the major branch that keeps is not wanted cutting back, but also being vertical bending earthward, fixes the front end of major branch, promote the prosperous branch of multiple back on the major branch, it is tree-like that drop-down back forms weeping willow, for veteran as a result, original brachyplast as a result on the major branch should all keep makes it continue the result, treat that sagging fruit bearing shoot forms bearing capacity after, progressively remove again;
After each long shoot is pulled to ground, on the major branch and the bending of long shoot back of a bow place can send a large amount of back branches, to these back branches except remove a small amount of overstocked, all the other all keep, slow putting, particularly the back vertical branch of fruit branch bending back of a bow place generation more should be noted keeping, and the effect that keeps these branches has two: one, can increase the branches and leaves amount, supports the strong tree of root; The 2nd, can cultivate into the reserve fruitful branch.Former sagging fruitful branch as a result behind the 2-3 bearing capacity descend, it can be wiped out, near reserve fruitful branch is vertically stooped earthward, replenish the space.Later on each every year according to this method upgrade processing.
Should mainly adopt when implementing this technology and knock tooth, take branch, draw branch and other branch, branch is put to main take slow, and few cutting back does not more need band girdle; The time that branch is drop-down, should carry out behind the defoliation of fruit trees in the 5-6 month or the autumn in every year.Draw branch to be conducive to the differentiation of bud the 5-6 month; The most lignifying of branch in autumn, the degree of flexibility height is difficult for pulling off, and draws this moment branch to be conducive to the bud differentiation in next year.The length of vertical drop-down branch must reach more than the 0.8-1m.To not reaching the branch of length, can delay and let alone its growth, more drop-down after the length to be reached.
2. corresponding control measures: 1. many fertilisings should be tree-like because the output height, thereby fertilising, water waterborne than 1 times of the tree-like orchard increase of tradition.Every 666.7m ' is with more than the farmyard manure 6000kg, biological organic fertilizer and more than the chemical fertilizer 400kg, and note replenishing of trace element.2. deep ploughing and the annual autumn of watering in the orchard, enrich and exempt from deep ploughing, guarantee to irrigate the front water of freeze-up water and bud.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN 201010197464 CN101843207A (en) | 2010-06-11 | 2010-06-11 | Technical method for shaping pendulous branches of apple trees in full bearing age and harvesting apples in high yield |
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| CN 201010197464 CN101843207A (en) | 2010-06-11 | 2010-06-11 | Technical method for shaping pendulous branches of apple trees in full bearing age and harvesting apples in high yield |
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104472297A (en) * | 2014-11-24 | 2015-04-01 | 西北农林科技大学 | Y-shaped weeping willow-shaped apple tree and pruning method thereof |
| CN105557429A (en) * | 2015-12-24 | 2016-05-11 | 山东农业大学 | Trinitarian Chinese style apple wide-row high-trunk labor-saving and efficient cultivation method |
| CN106576968A (en) * | 2016-12-30 | 2017-04-26 | 山西省农业科学院现代农业研究中心 | Reshaping trimming method for high photosynthetic efficiency open-center system of fruit bearing of long-axial branch of three main branches of apple trees |
| CN116439127A (en) * | 2023-05-31 | 2023-07-18 | 山东省烟台市农业科学研究院(山东省农业科学院烟台市分院) | Quick cultivation method for natural vertical branch type apple variety |
-
2010
- 2010-06-11 CN CN 201010197464 patent/CN101843207A/en active Pending
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| 《落叶果树》 20090228 张晶楠 等 苹果树垂柳式整形修剪技术 第1页第2栏9-11行，第2页第2栏至第3页 1-2 , 第1期 2 * |
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104472297A (en) * | 2014-11-24 | 2015-04-01 | 西北农林科技大学 | Y-shaped weeping willow-shaped apple tree and pruning method thereof |
| CN104472297B (en) * | 2014-11-24 | 2016-08-17 | 西北农林科技大学 | A kind of Y word Salix babylonica L. shape apple tree form and pruning method thereof |
| CN105557429A (en) * | 2015-12-24 | 2016-05-11 | 山东农业大学 | Trinitarian Chinese style apple wide-row high-trunk labor-saving and efficient cultivation method |
| CN106576968A (en) * | 2016-12-30 | 2017-04-26 | 山西省农业科学院现代农业研究中心 | Reshaping trimming method for high photosynthetic efficiency open-center system of fruit bearing of long-axial branch of three main branches of apple trees |
| CN116439127A (en) * | 2023-05-31 | 2023-07-18 | 山东省烟台市农业科学研究院(山东省农业科学院烟台市分院) | Quick cultivation method for natural vertical branch type apple variety |
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Open date: 20100929 |