CN101837722B - 用于车辆推进的系统及其制造方法 - Google Patents

用于车辆推进的系统及其制造方法 Download PDF

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CN101837722B
CN101837722B CN201010157228.3A CN201010157228A CN101837722B CN 101837722 B CN101837722 B CN 101837722B CN 201010157228 A CN201010157228 A CN 201010157228A CN 101837722 B CN101837722 B CN 101837722B
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propulsion system
output
vehicle propulsion
cvt
vehicle
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CN101837722A (zh
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P·维亚斯
Y·M·埃尔南德斯
A·F·费泽尼
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General Electric Co
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General Electric Co
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/36—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the transmission gearings
    • B60K6/365—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the transmission gearings with the gears having orbital motion
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W10/00—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
    • B60W10/10—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of change-speed gearings
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
    • B60K6/48—Parallel type
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/50—Architecture of the driveline characterised by arrangement or kind of transmission units
    • B60K6/54—Transmission for changing ratio
    • B60K6/543—Transmission for changing ratio the transmission being a continuously variable transmission
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/50—Architecture of the driveline characterised by arrangement or kind of transmission units
    • B60K6/54—Transmission for changing ratio
    • B60K6/547—Transmission for changing ratio the transmission being a stepped gearing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W10/00—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
    • B60W10/04—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units
    • B60W10/06—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units including control of combustion engines
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W10/00—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
    • B60W10/04—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units
    • B60W10/08—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units including control of electric propulsion units, e.g. motors or generators
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W10/00—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
    • B60W10/10—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of change-speed gearings
    • B60W10/101—Infinitely variable gearings
    • B60W10/107—Infinitely variable gearings with endless flexible members
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W10/00—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
    • B60W10/10—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of change-speed gearings
    • B60W10/11—Stepped gearings
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W20/00—Control systems specially adapted for hybrid vehicles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W30/00—Purposes of road vehicle drive control systems not related to the control of a particular sub-unit, e.g. of systems using conjoint control of vehicle sub-units, or advanced driver assistance systems for ensuring comfort, stability and safety or drive control systems for propelling or retarding the vehicle
    • B60W30/18—Propelling the vehicle
    • B60W30/18009—Propelling the vehicle related to particular drive situations
    • B60W30/18027—Drive off, accelerating from standstill
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H37/00—Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00
    • F16H37/02—Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings
    • F16H37/021—Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings toothed gearing combined with continuous variable friction gearing
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/62—Hybrid vehicles
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/49826—Assembling or joining

Abstract

本发明涉及用于车辆推进的系统及其制造方法，具体而言，车辆推进系统(12，84，124)包括构造成生成未调节的输出的电机(EM)(16，88)。车辆推进系统(12，84，124)还包括具有输入侧(20，98)和输出侧(22，106)的无级变速器(CVT)(14，90)，输入侧以机械的方式联结至EM(16，88)，并且该无级变速器(CVT)(14，90)构造成接收来自EM(16，88)的未调节的输出并在输出侧(22，106)上产生已调节的输出。定比变速器(40，104)以机械的方式联结至CVT(14，90)的输出侧(22，106)并且构造成接收来自CVT(14，90)的已调节的输出并且产生再调节的输出。

Description

用于车辆推进的系统及其制造方法
技术领域
本发明一般地涉及电动和混合动力车辆，并且更具体而言，涉及具有无级变速器(CVT)的车辆推进系统(vehiclepropulsionsystem)。
背景技术
如在本领域中所已知的，当高速轴或输入轴旋转时，CVT能够在一定的运行速度范围内连续地或无级地改变输出轴的旋转速度。CVT可在汽车应用中作为传统的定比(fixed-ratio)变速器或多齿轮传动的自动变速器系统的替代品。与传统变速器相比，CVT具有优势，因为其大且“连续的”速比覆盖范围，该速比覆盖范围例如可从1∶10变化至1∶20。为了实现这种大范围的传动比(gearratio)，这样的CVT倾向于大型且技术上复杂并且因此造价昂贵。典型地，由于输入轴和输出轴之间的附加摩擦，CVT效率低于传统变速箱，并且费用和低效性随着尺寸而增加。然而，典型地，CVT减轻了明显的换挡过程、提供了更平顺且更舒适的驾驶(由于连续的牵引力矩)，并且允许牵引发动机的运行点变动到更加经济的运行点，因此，与装备了固定齿轮的自动变速器相比提高了发动机的燃料效率。
因此期望设计一种车辆推进系统，该车辆推进系统结合CVT同时降低典型地与CVT相关联的尺寸、费用以及低效率。
发明内容
根据本发明的一方面，车辆推进系统包括构造成生成未调节(unconditioned)的输出的电机(EM)。车辆推进系统还包括具有输入侧和输出侧的无级变速器(CVT)，输入侧以机械的方式联结至EM，并且该无级变速器(CVT)构造成接收来自EM的未调节的输出并在输出侧上产生已调节(conditioned)的输出。定比变速器以机械的方式联结至CVT的输出侧并且构造成接收来自CVT的已调节的输出并且生成再调节(reconditoned)的输出。
根据本发明的另一方面，车辆包括车辆推进系统。车辆推进系统包括车辆牵引系统和构造成产生未调节的输出的机电装置。车辆推进系统还包括：无级变速器(CVT)，该无级变速器(CVT)具有输入侧和输出侧，输入侧以机械的方式联结至机电装置，并且该无级变速器(CVT)构造成接收未调节的输出并且在输出侧上输出已调节的输出；以及定比变速器，该定比变速器附接至CVT的输出侧。定比变速器构造成接收来自CVT的已调节的输出并将所期望的车辆推进系统输出输送至车辆牵引系统。
根据本发明的又一方面，制造车辆功率系统的方法包括将电机(EM)的输出侧联结至无级变速器(CVT)的输入侧，并且将定比变速器联结至CVT的输出侧。该方法还包括将定比变速器联结至车辆牵引系统，定比变速器构造成改变CVT的输出并且将已改变的CVT输出输送至车辆牵引系统。
从下面的详细说明和附图中将使各种其它的特征和优点变得显而易见。
附图说明
附图说明了目前打算用于实现本发明的实施例。
其中：
图1是根据本发明的一种实施例的车辆推进系统的示意图。
图2是本领域中已知的CVT的示意图。
图3是根据本发明的另一种实施例的车辆推进系统的示意图。
图4是根据本发明的另一种实施例的车辆推进系统的示意图。
部件清单
10车辆
12车辆推进系统
14CVT
16电机
18EM的输出
20高速侧
22低速侧
24车辆牵引系统的输入轴
26车辆牵引系统
28差速器
30驱动轴
32车轮
34双向控制器
36功率总线(powerbus)
38电池储存单元
40定比变速器
42控制线路
44控制线路
46混合变速器
60启动装置(launchingdevice)
62致动系统
64DNR套件
66变速装置(variator)
68输出齿轮装置
70带
72圆锥滑轮(conicalsheave)
74圆锥滑轮
76输入轴
78输出轴
80输出轴
82内燃机(ICE)
84车辆推进系统
86车辆
88EM
90CVT
92输入侧
94EM的输出侧
96ICE的输出侧
98CVT的输入侧
100变速器
102车辆牵引系统
104定比变速器
106低速侧
108电池储存单元
110双向控制器/转换器
112功率总线
114离合器
116控制线路
118控制线路
120控制线路
122控制线路
124车辆推进系统
具体实施方式
图1示出了本发明的一种实施例，并且包括具有结合了CVT14的车辆推进系统12的车辆10的示意图，关于图2描述了该CVT14的示范性的实施例。虽然本文中描述了带驱动的CVT，然而本领域中的技术人员将明白本发明可同等地应用于任意类型的CVT，诸如例如环面驱动(toroidally-driven)CVT。车辆推进系统12包括产生未调节的输出的机电装置或电机(EM)16。更确切地说，EM16产生能够借助于车辆推进系统12来驱动车辆10的输出功率，并且由于低速时的高扭矩能力和巡航速度(cruisingspeed)时的高速输出的双重要求，期望进一步调节(condition)来自EM16的功率输出以最好地满足车辆推进系统12的总体需求。
因此，EM16的输出18联结至CVT14的输入侧或高速侧20。CVT14的输出侧或低速侧22联结至车辆牵引系统26的输入轴24，车辆牵引系统26包括将驱动轴30连接至车轮32的差速器28。车辆推进系统12还包括双向控制器/功率转换器(powerconvertor)34，其借助于功率总线36以电的方式联结至EM16。双向控制器34包括编程为选择性地操作车辆推进系统12的内存储器(未显示)。特别地，双向控制器34选择性地在EM16和电池储存单元38之间传输功率以根据需求分别给EM16提供功率或给电池储存单元38充电。例如，双向控制器34可允许在再生制动时对电池储存单元38进行再充电。在另一种实施例中，双向控制器34构造成例如在“插电式”电动汽车中从电网(electricalgrid)(未显示)取得功率以对电池储存单元38进行再充电。如下文中详细所描述的那样，在车辆运行时，双向控制器34还可借助于控制线路42，44分别向CVT14和定比变速器40传输命令信号。
在一种实施例中，取决于设计和扭矩要求，CVT14可包括例如1∶10-1∶20的传动比范围或者其他任意传动关系或传动比。然而，根据本发明的示范性的实施例，车辆推进系统12可包括混合变速器46，其包括CVT14和定比变速器40。定比变速器40定位在CVT14的输出侧22和车辆牵引系统26之间，并且通典型地重新构造、改变或再调节EM16的功率输出。定比变速器40可包括单个固定传动比(例如1∶10)，或者可构造成带有数个可选的固定传动比(例如1∶1、1∶2以及1∶10)。由此，包含与CVT14相结合的定比变速器(例如具有1∶10比率的变速器40)使得CVT14能够承担部分的传动比要求(例如1∶1-1∶2)，并且由此变速器40可承担剩余的传动比要求。因而，以结合的方式，CVT14和定比变速器40可获得有效的1∶10-1∶20的传动比范围，这通过引入更高效的定比变速器40和使得CVT14更紧凑且由此比承担整个传动比范围(1∶10-1∶20)的独立CVT成本低来提高总体效率。
在运行中，用于起动的混合变速器46的等效传动比设置成比传统的定比变速器的起动传动比更高的固定传动比。如在本领域所已知的那样，当选择用于特定系统中的EM时，EM的尺寸(即额定功率)可基于系统所期望的EM的最大扭矩。然而，通过将混合变速器46联结至EM16的输出18，混合变速器46可用于在启动时通过增加或最大化EM16的扭矩输出来调节EM16的输出。因此，当与混合变速器46相结合使用时，与单独提供相同的起动扭矩的EM相比可降低EM16的尺寸和/或额定功率。因此，车辆推进系统12的成本和/或整体尺寸可降低。
在车辆运行时，一旦EM16的输出轴18达到期望的EM运行速度，控制器34就借助于功率总线36来选择性地向EM16提供给定的运行电压和/或电流以将EM16保持在期望的EM运行速度并且产生恒定的输送至混合变速器46的输出。通过以这种方式控制EM16，改善了EM16的运行效率。控制器34然后监控实时车辆运行情况来确定所期望的输送至车辆牵引系统26的推进系统输出。例如，控制器34可编程为监控实时车辆加速要求以确定所期望的车辆推进系统12的扭矩输出。
基于所期望的推进系统输出，控制器34操作EM16和混合变速器46以产生并输送已调节的输出至车辆推进系统12。首先，控制器34选择性地操作CVT14以调节来自EM16的输出并且将已调节的输出输送至定比变速器40。CVT14在连续的传动比范围内(诸如例如在1∶2和1∶1之间)运行以调节来自EM16的输出并且产生如用于车辆牵引系统26的加速所需的可变的扭矩和速度输出。例如，控制器34可使CVT14在所期望的传动比范围(其使CVT14和/或车辆推进系统12的运行效率最大化)内运行。控制器34还可编程为选择性地控制混合变速器46的有效传动比，并且由此根据操作者所选择的性能模式(例如使加速性能最大化的“运动模式”或者例如使车辆推进系统12的功率消耗最小化以延长电池寿命并且/或者使燃料消耗最小化的“经济模式”)来调节EM16的输出。
控制器34操作定比变速器40以对来自CVT14的输出进行再调节并且将经过再调节的输出输送至车辆牵引系统26的差速器28。控制器34选择对于CVT14和定比变速器40的联合传动比，以使得经过再调节的输出满足所期望的推进系统输出。例如，如果定比变速器40构造成带有1∶10传动比并且控制器34确定需要1∶20的比率以满足所期望的推进系统输出，则控制器34将使CVT14以1∶2的传动比运行。可调整CVT14的传动比(例如在1∶1和1∶2之间)以满足瞬时加速要求中的任何变化。因为通过定比变速器40再调节CVT14的已调节的输出以产生所期望的推进系统输出，因此混合变速器46允许CVT14以比单独的CVT低的传动比运行，允许更小、复杂程度更低且成本更低的CVT单元。此外，混合变速器46的使用使得单独的CVT中固有的摩擦低效率最小化。通过将定比变速器40联结至CVT14的输出，在车辆巡航时，可以优化的固定传动比锁定CVT14。
图2示出了CVT14的一种已知实施例。CVT14包括数个主要构件：启动装置60、致动系统62、前进-空档-倒车(DNR)套件64、变速装置66以及输出齿轮装置68。启动装置60典型地包括车辆起动时所使用的扭矩转换器。在车辆起动后，扭矩转换器可通过使内部离合器接合而被锁定。DNR套件64使得车辆能够在空档、前进和倒车之间转换。DNR套件64典型地包括行星齿轮组和离合器组，其选择性地啮合以使车辆在前进和倒车之间转换并且选择性地脱离啮合以使变速器置于空档。变速装置66包括夹紧在两对圆锥滑轮72，74之间的带70，其中，一对滑轮72安装在变速装置66的输入轴76上并且另一对滑轮74安装在变速装置66的输出轴78上。尽管本文中描述了带驱动变速装置，但是本领域中的技术人员将明白CVT14可备选地包括其它类型的变速装置设计，诸如例如环形的基于滚子的或者液压静力学(hydrostatic)的设计。
通过调整每对滑轮72，74之间的距离来确定CVT14的传动比。致动系统62典型地使用液压来设定并保持所期望的传动比。为了将CVT的输出传输至车辆牵引系统，输出齿轮装置68(例如，椭圆齿轮组)定位在变速装置66的输出轴78和CVT14的输出轴80之间。在运行中，CVT14能够通过选择性地改变CVT14的传动比来调节输入功率，由此产生具有改变的扭矩的输出。
图3示出了本发明的另一种实施例，其将内燃机(ICE)82结合到车辆86的车辆推进系统84中。ICE82定位在EM88和CVT90之间，CVT90可为例如图2的CVT14的CVT。ICE82的输入侧92联结至EM88的输出侧94，并且ICE82的输出侧96联结至CVT90的高速侧或输入侧98。变速器100联结至车辆牵引系统102并且包括CVT90和定比变速器104，该定比变速器104可联结至CVT90的低速侧或输出侧106。电池储存单元108和双向控制器/转换器110借助于功率总线112联结至EM88。可选地，机械旁路或离合器114(虚图所示)可定位在ICE82和CVT90之间，允许ICE82用于在未输送功率至CVT90的情况下给电池储存单元108充电。此外，离合器114允许ICE82和EM88与车辆牵引系统102脱离连接以使得摩擦损失最小化。双向控制器110借助于控制线路116，118，120被连接以选择性地操作ICE82、可选地离合器114和CVT90。在一种实施例中，双向控制器110构造成借助于控制线路122选择性地操作定比变速器104。在车辆运行时，控制器110选择性地控制EM88、ICE82以及变速器100以优化车辆运行。特别地，控制器110监控实时车辆运行情况和驾驶员输入以确定所期望的输送至车辆牵引系统102的推进系统输出。控制器110使ICE82在所期望的速度范围内运行，该速度范围可为比作为单独的单元而运行的相似ICE的运行速度范围更窄的速度范围。通过选择性地控制ICE82的运行速度，可使ICE82在使燃料消耗最小化的速度范围内运行。
变速器100被操作以调节来自ICE82的输出。特别地，如上文所描述的那样，控制器110同时操作CVT90和定比变速器104以实现产生所期望的推进系统输出所需的瞬时传动比，由此提高变速器100的效率并允许更小且复杂程度更低的CVT单元。
控制器110还持续地监控与所期望的实时车辆推进系统输出相对的车辆推进系统84的实际输出，以确定从车辆推进系统84中是否需要附加的输出。如果需要附加的输出(例如增加扭矩或增加输出速度)，则控制器110选择性地操作EM88和/或变速器100以产生附加的输出，其可包括来自EM88的功率以向ICE82增加附加的助推(boost)。控制器110还可编程为监控由于例如加速度增加或道路地形的变化所引起的瞬时或实时输出要求中的瞬态变化。基于实时推进系统输出要求的任何变化，可选择性地控制EM88以增加转速或输出扭矩，并且由此提供附加的输出以满足实时输出要求。
当EM88未运行以提供瞬态反馈扭矩时，EM88的旋转质量可通过作为发电机而用于能量储存。备选地，控制器110可使ICE82和CVT90之间的可选的离合器114(虚图所示)接合或脱离接合以将ICE82的输出导向电池储存单元108以用于根据需要向蓄电池108充电。如果不需要附加的电池充电，控制器110可使ICE82停止运转以允许车辆推进系统84的电力驱动。此外，控制器110可选择性地使ICE82停止运转并同时操作EM88和变速器100如关于图1所解释的那样，以产生基于使用者所选择的运行模式的所期望的车辆推进系统输出。
图4示出了与图3中示出的车辆推进系统84相似的本发明的另一种实施例，但其中，变速器100不包括定比变速器。因此，在车辆推进系统124中，控制器110操作CVT90以选择性地加大来自ICE82的扭矩输出并将已调节的输出输送至车辆牵引系统102。因而，可共同地控制ICE82和变速器100以输送与带有更高额定功率的更大的单独ICE相同的输出扭矩。以相似的方式，图1的车辆推进系统10的混合变速器46可构造成不带有定比变速器40，并且可控制CVT14以直接向车辆牵引系统26输送所期望的推进系统输出。
由此，上文所描述的图示出了使与EM或者混合EM/ICE组合一起运行的CVT的优点最大化的车辆推进系统的实施例。在一种实施例中，EM的输出输送至CVT的输入侧。CVT调节EM的输出，产生增大的扭矩输出以允许车辆推进系统设计成带有较小的EM。CVT将已调节的输出输送至联结至CVT的输出侧的定比变速器。定比变速器再调节(例如进一步修正)来自CVT的输出，由此产生所期望的车辆推进系统输出，同时允许车辆推进系统设计成带有更小，成本更低的CVT并且使CVT中固有的摩擦损失最小化。
在另一种实施例中，ICE定位在EM的输出和CVT的输入侧之间。ICE被操作以使运行效率最大化，同时如有需要操作EM以产生附加的功率。CVT运行以调节ICE和EM的输出并产生增大的扭矩输出，这允许系统设计成带有更小，成本更低的ICE和/或EM。可选地，CVT将已调节的输出输送至定比变速器，该定比变速器如上文所描述的那样运行并再调节来自ICE和EM的输出，允许车辆推进系统设计成带有更小的、复杂程度更低且更高效的CVT。
所公开的方法和器械的技术贡献在于提供了用于操作具有CVT的车辆推进系统的控制器执行的技术。
根据本发明的一种实施例，车辆推进系统包括构造成生成未调节的输出的电机(EM)。车辆推进系统还包括具有输入侧和输出侧的无级变速器(CVT)，输入侧以机械的方式联结至EM，并且该无级变速器(CVT)构造成接收来自EM的未调节的输出并在输出侧上产生已调节的输出。定比变速器以机械的方式联结至CVT的输出侧并且构造成接收来自CVT的已调节的输出并且产生再调节的输出。
根据本发明的另一种实施例，车辆包括车辆推进系统。车辆推进系统包括车辆牵引系统和构造成产生未调节的输出的机电装置。车辆推进系统还包括：无级变速器(CVT)，该无级变速器(CVT)具有输入侧和输出侧，输入侧以机械的方式联结至机电装置，并且该无级变速器(CVT)构造成接收未调节的输出并且在输出侧上输出已调节的输出；以及定比变速器，该定比变速器附接至CVT的输出侧。定比变速器构造成接收来自CVT的已调节的输出并且向车辆牵引系统输送所期望的车辆推进系统输出。
根据发明的又一种实施例，制造车辆功率系统的方法包括将电机(EM)的输出联结至无级变速器(CVT)的输入侧并且将定比变速器联结至CVT的输出侧。该方法还包括将定比变速器联结至车辆牵引系统，定比变速器构造成改变CVT的输出并且将已改变的CVT输出输送至车辆牵引系统。
虽然已结合仅仅有限数量的实施例描述了本发明，但可容易理解的是，本发明不局限于这些公开的实施例。相反地，本发明可改型以结合任意数量的未在本文中描述的、但与本发明的精神和范围相匹配的变型、更改、替代或等效布置。此外，虽然已描述了本发明的各种实施例，但是应理解的是，本发明的方面可仅仅包括所描述的实施例中的一些。因此，本发明不应视为由前述说明所限制，而仅仅由所附权利要求的范围所限制。

Claims (8)

1.一种车辆推进系统(12，84，124)，包括：
电机(EM)(16，88)，所述电机(EM)(16，88)构造成生成未调节的输出；
无级变速器(CVT)(14，90)，所述无级变速器(CVT)(14，90)具有输入侧(20，98)和输出侧(22，106)，所述输入侧(20，98)以机械的方式联结至所述电机(16，88)，并且所述无级变速器(CVT)构造成接收来自所述电机(16，88)的未调节的输出并在所述输出侧(22，106)上产生已调节的输出；以及
定比变速器(40，104)，所述定比变速器(40，104)以机械的方式联结至所述无级变速器(14，90)的输出侧(22，106)并且构造成：
接收来自所述无级变速器(14，90)的已调节的输出；并且
产生再调节的输出；
其中所述的定比变速器直接联结至所述的无级变速器；
所述车辆推进系统(12，84，124)还包括以电的方式连接至所述电机(16，88)且构造成确定所期望的推进系统输出的双向控制器(34，110)；
所述双向控制器(34，110)还构造成基于所期望的推进系统输出而选择性地操作所述电机(16，88)和所述无级变速器(14，90)中的至少一个。
2.根据权利要求1所述的车辆推进系统(12，84，124)，其特征在于，所述定比变速器(40，104)构造成将再调节的输出输送至车辆牵引系统(26，102)。
3.根据权利要求2所述的车辆推进系统(12，84，124)，其特征在于，所述车辆牵引系统(26，102)包括联结至所述定比变速器(40，104)的输出的差速器(28)。
4.根据权利要求2所述的车辆推进系统(12，84，124)，其特征在于，所述车辆牵引系统(26，102)包括驱动轴(30)和多个车轮(32)。
5.根据权利要求1所述的车辆推进系统(12，84，124)，其特征在于，所述车辆推进系统(12，84，124)还包括以电的方式连接至所述电机(16，88)的电池储存单元(38，108)。
6.根据权利要求1所述的车辆推进系统(12，84，124)，其特征在于，所述车辆推进系统(12，84，124)还包括以机械的方式连接在所述电机(16，88)和所述无级变速器(14，90)的输入侧(20，98)之间的内燃机(ICE)(82)，所述内燃机(ICE)(82)构造成将内燃机输出输送至所述无级变速器(14，90)。
7.根据权利要求6所述的车辆推进系统(12，84，124)，其特征在于，所述双向控制器(34，110)还构造成基于所期望的推进系统输出而选择性地操作所述无级变速器(14，90)以调节所述内燃机输出。
8.根据权利要求6所述的车辆推进系统(12，84，124)，其特征在于，所述车辆推进系统(12，84，124)还包括定位在所述内燃机(82)和所述无级变速器(14，90)的输入侧(20，98)之间的离合器(114)。
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