CN101809330A - 功率分流变速器 - Google Patents

功率分流变速器 Download PDF

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CN101809330A
CN101809330A CN200880108679A CN200880108679A CN101809330A CN 101809330 A CN101809330 A CN 101809330A CN 200880108679 A CN200880108679 A CN 200880108679A CN 200880108679 A CN200880108679 A CN 200880108679A CN 101809330 A CN101809330 A CN 101809330A
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static pressure
transmission device
speed changer
pressure unit
power dividing
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CN101809330B (zh
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于尔根·莱格纳
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ZF Friedrichshafen AG
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H47/00—Combinations of mechanical gearing with fluid clutches or fluid gearing
    • F16H47/02—Combinations of mechanical gearing with fluid clutches or fluid gearing the fluid gearing being of the volumetric type
    • F16H47/04—Combinations of mechanical gearing with fluid clutches or fluid gearing the fluid gearing being of the volumetric type the mechanical gearing being of the type with members having orbital motion
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H3/00—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion
    • F16H3/02—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion without gears having orbital motion
    • F16H3/08—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion without gears having orbital motion exclusively or essentially with continuously meshing gears, that can be disengaged from their shafts
    • F16H3/087—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion without gears having orbital motion exclusively or essentially with continuously meshing gears, that can be disengaged from their shafts characterised by the disposition of the gears
    • F16H3/093—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion without gears having orbital motion exclusively or essentially with continuously meshing gears, that can be disengaged from their shafts characterised by the disposition of the gears with two or more countershafts
    • F16H2003/0935—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion without gears having orbital motion exclusively or essentially with continuously meshing gears, that can be disengaged from their shafts characterised by the disposition of the gears with two or more countershafts with multiple countershafts comprising only one idle gear and one gear fixed to the countershaft
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H37/00—Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00
    • F16H37/02—Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings
    • F16H37/06—Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts
    • F16H37/08—Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts with differential gearing
    • F16H37/0833—Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts with differential gearing with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts, i.e. with two or more internal power paths
    • F16H37/084—Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts with differential gearing with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts, i.e. with two or more internal power paths at least one power path being a continuously variable transmission, i.e. CVT
    • F16H2037/0866—Power split variators with distributing differentials, with the output of the CVT connected or connectable to the output shaft
    • F16H2037/0873—Power split variators with distributing differentials, with the output of the CVT connected or connectable to the output shaft with switching, e.g. to change ranges
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H2200/00—Transmissions for multiple ratios
    • F16H2200/0082—Transmissions for multiple ratios characterised by the number of reverse speeds
    • F16H2200/0086—Transmissions for multiple ratios characterised by the number of reverse speeds the gear ratios comprising two reverse speeds

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Structure Of Transmissions (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及一种功率分流变速器，其特别是用于例如像轮式装载机这种作工机械，该功率分流变速器具有静压功率支流和机械功率支流，这些功率支流通过累加传动装置(12)累加，其中，累加传动装置(12)与换向传动装置(7)串联并且累加传动装置(12)与换挡传动装置(20)串联。

Description

功率分流变速器
技术领域
本发明涉及一种按权利要求1前序部分所限定类型的功率分流变速器。
背景技术
依据分类的功率分流变速器具有静压的功率支流和机械的功率支流，它们通过累加传动装置累加，以便传动从动装置。
DE 28 54 375 A1公开了一种具有功率分流的静压-机械变速器，其具有两个换挡范围和变速器的无级调整通过静压功率支流进行。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于，提供一种具有至少两个行程范围的功率分流变速器，其中，至少两个行程范围存在于前进行驶方向上和倒退行驶方向上，以及变速器的特征在于静压功率支流的简单控制。
该目的利用一种也具有主权利要求所述特征的功率分流变速器得以实现。
功率分流变速器具有静压功率支流和机械功率支流，这些功率支流通过累加传动装置累加。在力线中，累加传动装置前面连接换向传动装置，变速器输入轴的旋转方向可以借助于该换向传动装置而根据期望的行驶方向逆转。
为了在作工机械例如轮式装载机上使用功率分流变速器，累加传动装置最好被构成为行星轮传动装置，其中，行星轮传动装置的外部中心轮与换向传动装置的输出轴作用连接，行星轮传动装置的太阳轮与第一静压单元作用连接，且行星轮传动装置的行星架与后置连接的换挡传动装置作用连接。换挡传动装置在此方面被构成为正齿轮传动机构，由此在这种组合中可以产生轮式装载机所需的轴偏移。
在本发明的一种实施方式中，换向传动装置中用于前进行驶的第一离合器与功率分流变速器的输入轴同轴设置，而用于倒退行驶的行星轮传动装置、换挡传动装置以及离合器则设置在功率分流变速器的输入轴的外面，也就是不与该输入轴同轴设置。第二静压单元要么直接，要么通过正齿轮级与累加传动装置的行星架作用连接，并最好与第一静压单元相邻设置。第一和第二静压单元具有一个共用部件，借助该部件可以同时调整第一和第二静压单元的活塞排量，其中，第一和第二静压单元作为斜轴结构的静压单元构成。这样构成第一和第二静压单元的活塞排量，使得在功率分流变速器的第一工作方式中，在传动轴旋转且从动轴停止的情况下，第一和第二静压单元的共用部件被调整为使得与太阳轮作用连接的第一静压单元被调整到无活塞排量，而间接与行星架作用连接的第二静压单元被调整到最大活塞排量。在功率分流变速器的第二工作方式中，在从动装置最大可能转速的情况下，第一静压单元调整到其最大活塞排量且第二静压单元调整到无活塞排量，由此全部功率纯机械传递。如果需要变速器中从第一挡切换到第二挡，那么两个换挡离合器在闭合方向上操作，其中，至少一个这种换挡离合器持续保持滑动运行，直至负荷从一个换挡离合器过渡到另一个换挡离合器上，其中，在这种过渡期间，速比，也就是活塞排量，从第一静压单元和第二静压单元通过共用部件以第一与第二挡之间的跳跃分级减少。通过区域换挡时的这种处理方式，可以对功率分流变速器进行切换，而没有牵引力中断。
附图说明
其他特征参阅附图的说明。其中：
图1示出具有与传动轴同轴设置的工作泵的功率分流变速器的传动图；以及
图2示出具有不与输入轴同轴设置的工作泵的功率分流变速器。
具体实施方式
图1：
发动机1驱动功率分流变速器的输入轴2。输入轴2与正齿轮3抗扭连接。正齿轮3与正齿轮4作用连接，其中，用于前进行驶的离合器5和用于倒退行驶的离合器6以及正齿轮3和正齿轮4形成换向单元7。可以通过用于倒退行驶的离合器6与正齿轮4连接的正齿轮8和可以通过用于前进行驶的离合器5与正齿轮3连接的正齿轮9与正齿轮10作用连接。正齿轮10与行星轮传动装置12的外部中心轮11抗扭连接。行星轮传动装置12形成机械功率支流和液压功率支流的累加传动装置。行星轮传动装置12的内部中心轮13与第一静压单元14抗扭连接。行星架15与正齿轮16抗扭连接。正齿轮16与正齿轮17作用连接，其中，正齿轮17与第二静压单元18和减速器20第二挡的换挡离合器19抗扭连接。正齿轮17与正齿轮21作用连接，后者通过换挡离合器22可与正齿轮23连接。正齿轮17通过换挡离合器19可与正齿轮23连接。正齿轮24与正齿轮23作用连接。正齿轮23传动正齿轮25且后者传动从动装置26。第一静压单元14和第二静压单元18作为斜轴结构的静压单元构成，其中，活塞排量可以通过共用部件27调整且静压单元14与18彼此相邻设置。工作泵28以及供油和润滑压力泵29与输入轴2同轴设置。为在输入轴2旋转时在前进行驶方向上启动，闭合用于前进行驶的离合器5，打开用于倒退行驶的离合器6，打开换挡离合器19并闭合换挡离合器22。第一静压单元14调整到无活塞排量，且第二静压单元18调整到其最大活塞排量。在这种情况下从动装置26静止。如果现在调整共用部件27，那么第一静压单元14从其活塞排量零调整出来并向第二静压单元18输送压力油，第二静压单元与第一静压单元14闭环连接。从动装置26开始旋转。在达到共用部件27的最大调整能力时，第一静压单元14处于其最大的活塞排量上且第二静压单元18处于活塞排量零。在这种情况下，全部功率仅通过机械功率支流传递到从动装置26。如果需要切换第二挡，那么换挡离合器19为了闭合换挡离合器22同样在闭合方向上操作，其中，要么换挡离合器19要么换挡离合器22或者两个换挡离合器持续保持滑动运行，直至共用部件27调整第一静压单元14和第二静压单元18到静压单元14和18的活塞排量与新的速比相配合并因此静压单元14和18的转速与新的速比相配合。随后换挡离合器22完全打开且换挡离合器19完全闭合。通过共用部件27的调整，现在传动装置的从动转速可以继续变化。
图2：
该附图与图1的区别仅在于，工作泵28和给油及润滑泵29与正齿轮4传动连接，由此工作泵28和给油及润滑泵29的活塞排量可以更小，因为正齿轮4的转速大于正齿轮3的转速。还有可能仅需工作泵28与正齿轮4连接且给油泵29与输入轴2连接，或者工作泵28与输入轴2连接且给油泵29与正齿轮4连接。
附图符号
1     发动机
2     输入轴
3     正齿轮
4     正齿轮
5     用于前进行驶的离合器
6     用于倒退行驶的离合器
7     换向单元
8     正齿轮
9     正齿轮
10    正齿轮
11    外部中心轮
12    行星轮传动装置
13    内部中心轮
14    第一静压单元
15    行星架
16    正齿轮
17    正齿轮
18    第二静压单元
19    换挡离合器
20    减速器
21    正齿轮
22    换挡离合器
23    正齿轮
24    正齿轮
25    正齿轮
26    从动装置
27    共用部件
28    工作泵
29    给油泵

Claims (10)

1.功率分流变速器，具有静压支流和机械支流，这些支流通过累加传动装置(12)累加，该功率分流变速器具有至少两个在前进方向上的行程范围和至少两个在倒退方向上的行程范围，其特征在于，所述静压支流具有第一静压单元(14)和第二静压单元(18)，该第一静压单元和第二静压单元的活塞排量能够通过一个共用部件(27)得到调整，其中，所述共用部件(27)与所述第一静压单元(14)和所述第二静压单元(18)连接。
2.按权利要求1所述的功率分流变速器，其特征在于，累加传动装置(12)由行星轮传动装置组成，该行星轮传动装置的内部中心轮(13)与第一静压单元(14)连接，并且该行星轮传动装置的外部中心轮(11)能够由发动机(1)驱动，以及第二静压单元(18)与行星架(15)作用连接。
3.按权利要求1所述的功率分流变速器，其特征在于，在发动机(1)与累加传动装置(12)之间的力线内设置换向传动装置(7)。
4.按权利要求1所述的功率分流变速器，其特征在于，在累加传动装置(12)与从动装置(26)之间设置换挡传动装置(20)。
5.按权利要求4所述的功率分流变速器，其特征在于，在第一挡内，累加传动装置(12)的行星架(15)能够通过换挡传动装置(20)的第一变速级与从动装置(26)连接；在第二挡内，累加传动装置(12)的行星架(15)能够通过换挡传动装置(20)的第二变速级与从动装置(26)连接。
6.按权利要求1所述的功率分流变速器，其特征在于，在输入轴(2)旋转且从动装置(26)停止的情况下，第一静压单元(14)被调整到无活塞排量且第二静压单元(18)被调整到最大活塞排量。
7.按权利要求1所述的功率分流变速器，其特征在于，在输入轴(2)旋转且从动装置(26)为最大可能转速的情况下，第一静压单元(14)被调整到该第一静压单元的最大活塞排量且第二静压单元(18)被调整到无活塞排量。
8.按权利要求1所述的功率分流变速器，其特征在于，液压工作泵(28)与功率分流变速器的输入轴(2)同心设置并与输入轴(2)作用连接。
9.按权利要求1所述的功率分流变速器，其特征在于，液压工作泵(28)与功率分流变速器的行驶方向离合器(6)同心设置并与行驶方向离合器(6)的传动装置(4)作用连接。
10.按权利要求1所述的功率分流变速器，其特征在于，用于前进行驶(5)的行驶方向离合器与输入轴(2)同心设置。
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US20100197438A1 (en) 2010-08-05

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