CN101792313A - 电介质陶瓷及层叠陶瓷电容器 - Google Patents

电介质陶瓷及层叠陶瓷电容器 Download PDF

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CN101792313A
CN101792313A CN201010002172A CN201010002172A CN101792313A CN 101792313 A CN101792313 A CN 101792313A CN 201010002172 A CN201010002172 A CN 201010002172A CN 201010002172 A CN201010002172 A CN 201010002172A CN 101792313 A CN101792313 A CN 101792313A
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石原雅之
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Abstract

本发明提供一种以ABO3(A必须含有Ba,而且还含有Ca以及Sr中的至少一种B必须含有Ti,而且还含有Zr以及Hf中的至少一种)为主要成分,并且含有Si作为副成分的电介质陶瓷,并提高其介电常数。电介质陶瓷(11),含有:主相粒子(12),其由ABO3系的主要成分构成;第二相粒子(13),其具有与主相粒子(12)不同的组成。将相对于该电介质陶瓷(11)中的Si的全部含有量的第二相粒子(13)中的Si含有量的比率设为40%以上,使Si的分布更多集中于第二相粒子(13)。优选第二相粒子中的Si含有量为30mol%以上。

Description

电介质陶瓷及层叠陶瓷电容器
技术领域
本发明涉及电介质陶瓷以及采用该电介质陶瓷构成的层叠陶瓷电容器,尤其涉及谋求电介质陶瓷的高介电常数化的改善。
背景技术
作为满足层叠陶瓷电容器的小型化且大容量化要求的有效方法之一,谋求薄层化在层叠陶瓷电容器中具备的电介质陶瓷层。但是,若进一步薄层化电介质陶瓷层,则出现不仅不易确保电绝缘性,而且电介质陶瓷层的每一层的电场强度变高,介电常数容易下降的问题。因此,在层叠陶瓷电容器中,为了满足小型化且大容量化的要求,期望即使是稍微的提高也要提高构成电介质陶瓷层的电介质陶瓷的介电常数。
例如,在JP特开2002-201065号公报(专利文献1)中提出了,例如,对主要成分为钛酸钡系的电介质陶瓷提高其介电常数的技术。参照图3对专利文献1所述的电介质陶瓷进行说明。图3是示意性表示放大的电介质陶瓷21的图。
在专利文献1所述的电介质陶瓷21虽以钛酸钡系为主要成分,但具备由上述主要成分构成的主相粒子22,且在晶界(含有三相点)23中生成有含有稀土类元素与Si的复合氧化物。含有Si的该相为低介电常数相。而且,在专利文献1所述的电介质陶瓷21中,这种低介电常数相在晶界23上薄且广泛地分布。
若假设电介质陶瓷21用于构成层叠陶瓷电容器中具备的电介质陶瓷层的状况,则当在内部电极之间画了朝向层叠方向的一根直线时,沿该直线分布为主相粒子-晶界-主相粒子-晶界-主相粒子-晶界-主相粒子-......,若干晶界23串联地进入到主相粒子22之间。若设定该串联的合成电容为C、主相粒子22的电容为C1、分布在晶界23的含有Si的低介电常数相的电容为C2,则合成电容C被表示为如下:
1/C=1/C1+1/C2+1/C1+1/C2+1/C1+1/C2+1/C1+...
在上述的数学式中,在低介电常数相薄且广泛地分布于晶界23的情况下,因为1/C2的个数变多而使1/C的值变大,所以使合成电容C减小。因此,专利文献1中所述的电介质陶瓷21,作为整体的介电常数变低。
另外,在电介质陶瓷21中,当使晶粒生长而减少主相粒子22的数量时,所述直线所通过的晶界23的数量也减少,从而能够抑制介电常数的下降。但是,在该情况下,会出现层叠陶瓷电容器的静电电容温度特性容易恶化的问题。
专利文献1:日本特开2002-265260号公报
发明内容
因此,本发明的目的在于,提供一种能够解决上述问题的电介质陶瓷以及采用该电介质陶瓷而构成的层叠陶瓷电容器。
本发明,首先致力于一种电介质陶瓷,该电介质陶瓷以ABO3(A必须含有Ba而且还含有Ca以及Sr中的至少一种,B必须含有Ti而且还含有Zr以及Hf中的至少一种)作为主要成分,并且含有Si作为副成分,其特征在于,为了解决上述的技术问题,具备如下的构成。
即,本发明有关的电介质陶瓷,其特征在于,含有:主相粒子,其由上述的主要成分构成;和第二相粒子,其具有与该主相粒子不同的组成,相对于该电介质陶瓷中的Si的全部含有量,上述第二相粒子中的Si含有量的比率为40%以上。
在本发明有关的电介质陶瓷中,优选第二相粒子中的Si含有量为30mol%以上。
本发明,还致力于一种层叠陶瓷电容器,该层叠陶瓷电容器具备:电容器主体,其构成为具有层叠后的多个电介质陶瓷层、以及沿电介质陶瓷层之间的特定界面而形成的多个内部电极;多个外部电极,形成在电容器主体外表面上的相互不同的位置,并且电连接于内部电极的特定部位。
本发明有关的层叠陶瓷电容器,其特征在于,电介质陶瓷层由上述的与本发明有关的电介质陶瓷构成。
根据本发明有关的电介质陶瓷,含有Si的低介电常数相分布成更多集中在第二相粒子,以使相对于该电介质陶瓷中的Si的全部含有量,上述第二相粒子中的Si含有量的比率为40%以上,因此低介电常数相的尺寸变大,然而个数减少。因此,低介电常数相的影响减小而提高作为电介质陶瓷整体的介电常数。
在本发明有关的电介质陶瓷中,当第二相粒子中的Si含有量为30mol%以上时,不增大第二相粒子的数量,就能够减小第二相粒子的尺寸。因此,电介质陶瓷的均匀性增加,从而能够进一步提高绝缘性以及可靠性。
因此,如果采用本发明有关的电介质陶瓷构成层叠陶瓷电容器,则通过提高构成电介质陶瓷层的电介质陶瓷的介电常数,能够谋求层叠陶瓷电容器的小型化。
附图说明
图1是示意性表示采用本发明有关的电介质陶瓷构成的层叠陶瓷电容器1的剖视图。
图2是放大本发明有关的电介质陶瓷11而进行示意性表示的图。
图3是放大对于本发明有意义的现有电介质陶瓷21而进行示意性表示的图。
图中:1-层叠陶瓷电容器,2-电介质陶瓷层,3、4-内部电极,5-电容器主体,6、7-外部电极,11-电介质陶瓷,12-主相粒子,13-第二相粒子,14-晶界。
具体实施方式
参照图1,首先对应用本发明有关的电介质陶瓷的层叠陶瓷电容器1进行说明。
层叠陶瓷电容器1具备电容器主体5。该电容器主体5构成为具有:层叠后的多个电介质陶瓷层2;和沿电介质陶瓷层2之间的特定界面形成的多个内电极3以及4。内部电极3以及4,例如以Ni为主要成分。
在电容器主体5外表面上的相互不同的位置形成第一以及第二外部电极6以及7。外部电极6以及7,例如以Ag或Cu为主要成分。在图1中所示的层叠陶瓷电容器1中,第一以及第二外部电极6以及7形成在电容器主体5的相互对置的各端面上。内部电极3以及4具有:电连接于第一外部电极6的多个第一内部电极3;和电连接于第二外部电极7的多个第二内部电极4,并且,这些第一以及第二内部电极3以及4交替配置在层叠方向上。
在这种的层叠陶瓷电容器1中,电介质陶瓷层2构成为,以ABO3(A必须含有Ba而且还含有Ca以及Sr中的至少一种,B必须含有Ti而且还含有Zr以及Hf中的至少一种)为主要成分,并含有Si作为副成分的电介质陶瓷。放大该电介质陶瓷并且示意性表示在图2中。
参照图2,电介质陶瓷11,含有:主相粒子12,其由上述的主要成分构成;和第二相粒子13,其具有与该主相粒子12不同的组成;并且在这些粒子12以及13之间形成晶界(含有三相点)14。本发明的特征在于,Si分布成为更多集中在第二相粒子13,以使相对于该电介质陶瓷11中的Si的全部含有量,第二相粒子13中的Si含有量比率为40%以上。
上述的第二相粒子13,如以上所述,具有与主相粒子12不同的组成。该组成的差异是明显的,通过SEM-WDX映象(mapping)分析,作为偏析物来进行观察。
在本发明有关的电介质陶瓷11中,Si更多集中存在于第二相粒子13中。因此,存在于晶界14的Si减少。另外,Si几乎不进入主相粒子12内。
如以上所述,由于Si不是广泛地分布于电介质陶瓷11,而是局部地更多集中存在于第二相粒子13中,所以获得尺寸较大的低介电常数相仅有少数个数的状态。因此,实际上能够忽视在晶界14上的低介电常数相。
其中,当在图1中所示的内部电极3以及4之间画了朝向层叠方向的一根直线时,沿着该直线,例如,按主相粒子-主相粒子-主相粒子-第二相粒子-主相粒子-主相粒子-主相粒子-......的方式,少数个数的第二相粒子13分布在主相粒子12之间。若设定内部电极3以及4之间的电介质陶瓷层2的合成电容为C、主相粒子12的电容为C1、第二相粒子13的低介电常数相的电容为C2,则合成电容C被表示为如下:
1/C=1/C1+1/C1+1/C1+1/C2+1/C1+1/C1+1/C1+...
在上述的数学式中,由于1/C2的个数少,因此抑制1/C值的增大。其结果,将合成电容C的下降抑制到最小限度。
由此可知,只要Si的全部含有量相同,则优选Si局部地分布在第二相粒子13中,因为与Si广泛地分布在晶界14上相比更能够抑制介电常数的下降。
另外,优选第二相粒子13中的Si含有量为30mol%以上。因此,不增加第二相粒子13的数量就能够减小第二相粒子13的尺寸。其结果,能够增加层叠陶瓷电容器1的绝缘电阻,从而提高可靠性。
以下,对基于本发明所实施的实验例进行说明。
(A)陶瓷原料的制作
首先,准备了作为主要成分粉末的BaTiO3粉末。
另一方面,选择SiO2作为含有Si的烧结助剂,并且准备了该SiO2粉末和作为其它添加成分的BaCO3、MgCO3、Dy2O3、MnCO3的各种粉末。
然后,按照对于100mol的BaTiO3,Dy、Mg、Si、Mn分别为1.0mol、1.0mol、2.0mol、0.5mol,并且Ba/Ti=1.010的方式,对作为上述主要成分粉末的BaTiO3粉末添加了上述SiO2、BaCO3、MgCO3、Dy2O3以及MnCO3的各种粉末。
接着,将上述混合粉末通过球磨机进行湿式混合24小时,之后进行烘干而制成陶瓷原料。
(B)层叠陶瓷电容器的制作
在上述陶瓷原料中添加聚乙烯醇缩丁醛(polyvinyl butyral)系粘结剂(binder)以及乙醇等有机溶剂,通过球磨机进行湿式混合30小时,从而制成陶瓷浆料(ceramic slurry)。
然后,通过刮板法(doctor blade method),按烧制后的电介质陶瓷层的厚度为1.0μm的方式将该陶瓷浆料成形为薄片状,从而获得了矩形的陶瓷生片(ceramic green sheet)。
之后,在上述陶瓷生片上丝网印刷(screen-printed)以Ni为主体的导电性膏(paste),从而形成了要作为内部电极的导电性胶膜。
然后,按照导电性胶膜被引出一侧相互不同的方式,将形成了导电性胶膜的陶瓷生片进行多片层叠,从而得到要作为电容器主体的原始的层叠体。
接着,在N2气氛中,在300℃的温度下对原始的层叠体进行加热而使粘结剂燃烧掉,之后在由H2-N2-H2O气体构成且氧分压设定为5.33×10-10MPa的还原性气氛中,在1160℃的最高温度下保持10分钟等条件下实施了烧制工序。
在上述烧制工序中,将从最高温度降温时的降温速度和在降温过程中的保持降温时的温度、时间、氧分压分别改变为,在表1的“降温速度”和“保持降温时的条件”的“温度”、“时间”、“氧分压”的各栏中所示的那样,从而制成已改变第二相的面积或Si含有量(Si分布状态)的若干样品。
在通过以上所述而获得的电容器主体的两端面上,涂敷含有B2O3-Li2O-SiO2-BaO系的玻璃粉料(glass frit)的Cu膏,并且在N2气氛中以800℃的温度进行烧结,形成与内部电极电连接的外部电极,从而获得了作为样品的层叠陶瓷电容器。
这样所获得的层叠陶瓷电容器的外形尺寸是:宽度为1.6mm、长度为3.2mm、厚度为1.0mm,介于内部电极之间的电介质陶瓷层的厚度为1.0μm。另外,有效电介质陶瓷层的层数为50层,对应陶瓷层的每一层的内部电极的对置面积为3.2mm2
(C)电特性的评价
以下,对所获得的层叠陶瓷电容器,如表2中所示,评价了在室温下的介电常数、介电损耗、电容温度特性、高温负载寿命特性以及在高温下的绝缘电阻。
即,在25℃温度、120Hz、以及0.5Vrms的条件下测定了静电电容以及介电损耗(tanδ)。由所获得的静电电容求出了介电常数。
另外,针对电容温度特性,求出以25℃下的静电电容为基准的在-25℃~85℃下的静电电容的变化率,并且在表2中表示了其最大值。
另外,针对高温负载寿命特性,在105℃的温度下,对100个样品实施各施加10V以及20V电压(分别为10kV/mm以及20kV/mm的电场强度)的高温负载寿命试验,并且在各经过1000小时以及2000小时的时间之前,判定绝缘电阻值成为200KΩ以下的样品为不良,并且求出了不良个数。
另外,针对高温下的绝缘电阻(IR),在125℃下施加10V的电压(10kV/mm的电场强度),并且由60秒后的电流值计算出logIR。
(D)第二相的评价
在该实验例中,作为第二相粒子,定义为:截面的圆当量径为0.1μm以上,并且具有与由BaTiO3构成的主相粒子明显不同组成的相。
在50μm×50μm的SEM的一个视场中,进行WDX映象而鉴定了含有Si的第二相粒子。将该观察进行了5视场。在表1的“第二相组成”栏中表示有通过该观察鉴定了的多个第二相粒子的组成平均值。另外,第二相为氧化物,但是,在表1的“第二相组成”中却将氧除外而进行了表示。另外,对鉴定后的第二相粒子的面积进行合计,求出了该合计面积相对于全部视场面积的面积比率(%)。在表1的“第二相面积比率”栏中表示有该面积比率。
另外,将上述“第二相构成”中的Si含有百分比(mol%)与上述“第二相面积比率”相乘后得到的值就是电介质陶瓷整体的第二相中的Si的含有百分比,将其除以全部Si含量(2mol%)后得到的值就是在全部Si含量之中集中在第二相粒子的Si的比率。在表1的“第二相Si含量/全部Si含量”栏中表示了该比率。
表1
Figure G2010100021724D00071
表2
Figure G2010100021724D00072
Figure G2010100021724D00081
如从表1以及表2可知,由于在样品1以及2中“第二相Si含量/全部Si含量”不够40%,因此介电常数比较低。
相对于此,对于样品3以及4,由于“第二相Si含量/全部Si含量”为40%以上,因此,尽管“平均粒径”与样品1以及2为相同程度,介电常数却比样品1以及2的高。
另外,对于样品5~11,也由于“第二相Si含量/全部Si含量”为40%以上,因此介电常数比样品1以及2的高。
此外,这些样品5、6、7、10以及11,在“第二相构成”中的Si含有百分比为30mol%以上。因此,尤其如观察“2000小时不良个数”可见,根据这些样品5、6、7、10以及11,进一步提高了可靠性。

Claims (3)

1.一种电介质陶瓷,其以ABO3作为主要成分,并且含有Si作为副成分,其中,A必须含有Ba而且还含有Ca以及Sr中的至少一种,B必须含有Ti而且还含有Zr以及Hf中的至少一种,
所述电介质陶瓷含有:
主相粒子,其由所述主要成分构成;和
第二相粒子,其具有与所述主相粒子不同的组成,
相对于该电介质陶瓷中的Si的全部含有量,所述第二相粒子中的Si含有量的比率为40%以上。
2.根据权利要求1所述的电介质陶瓷,其特征为,
所述第二相粒子中的Si含有量为30mol%以上。
3.一种层叠陶瓷电容器,包括:
电容器主体,其构成为具有层叠后的多个电介质陶瓷层、以及沿着所述电介质陶瓷层之间的特定界面所形成的多个内部电极;和
多个外部电极,形成在所述电容器主体外表面上的相互不同的位置,并且电连接于所述内部电极的特定部位,
所述电介质陶瓷层,由权利要求1或2中所述的电介质陶瓷构成。
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