CN101775823A - Method for collecting and treating rainwater - Google Patents
Method for collecting and treating rainwater Download PDFInfo
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- CN101775823A CN101775823A CN201010102568A CN201010102568A CN101775823A CN 101775823 A CN101775823 A CN 101775823A CN 201010102568 A CN201010102568 A CN 201010102568A CN 201010102568 A CN201010102568 A CN 201010102568A CN 101775823 A CN101775823 A CN 101775823A
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A20/00—Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
- Y02A20/108—Rainwater harvesting
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method for collecting and treating rainwater, which adopts a ridge-channel alternation mode, each ridge is a waterproof semi-arc body the outer surface of which is smooth, the semi-arc body is 40cm to 70cm long, 40cm to 70cm wide and 20cm to 40cm high, each channel is positioned between two ridges, a covering layer covers in each channel, the coverage of the covering layer is 100 percent, and crops are planted in the channels. The method changes the spacial distribution pattern of natural rain reaching the ground, and gathers water in the crop root zone, moreover, by means of the covering technique, soil evaporation between crop plants can be reduced, and thereby the water utilization efficiency of crops can be increased. The method also can collect rainwater used by people and livestock, the method is simple and practical, the water-collecting efficiency is high, both heavy rain and light rain can be collected, and the method can be widely popularized and applied.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of rainwater collection technique, specifically relate to a kind of rainwater collection processing method that arid, semiarid and part half humid region human livestock drinking water and crop need water that is used to solve.
Background technology
The area of, shortage of water resources short of rain in arid, the overall situation of the development direct relation national economic development of drought-resistant agriculture.In the long-term production practice, the people has created the experience and the technical measures of many development drought-resistant agriculture, preserve soil moisture, plough deeply to beat and grind soil or the like as selecting drought-enduring plant and kind, pressure sand, but the effect that this mode plays is limited.
In order effectively to solve farmland-use water, mostly the field irrigation of current arid and semi-arid lands is to be partial to diversion works and water saving irrigation facility aspect, yet diversion works is great, and the cost cost is higher, also needs to build certain engineering irrigation during irrigation.And seriously rely on local surface, groundwater resources amount and can introduce the foreign water stock number on this ground nearby, simultaneously farmland diversion works facility and water saving irrigation facility are disposable installation mostly, are not easy to move after installing or move consumed time and engineering quantity is bigger.
Extremely lack at surface water and underground water, economic condition is relatively poor, the arid and semi-arid remote mountain areas of diversion difficulty, the way of rainwater is collected on fetch water cellar for storing things, Xiu Chi dam commonly used etc. at present, solution human livestock drinking water difficulty is implemented land for growing field crops dibbling hole irrigation, but the method for this collection rainwater, only just with practical value when rainfall is big, rainfall hour can't be collected.
In eighties of last century nineties, mulch film tiling bunch planting technology begins to promote, and the soil moisture conservation by mulch film heats effect, has improved yield per unit area, has strengthened the compliance of crop-planting.But the ground membrane lifetime is shorter, needs ridging overlay film every year, and environment is also had certain influence.
How effective with traditional drought resisting way and modern science and technology combination, under lower-cost situation, the crop need water and the people and animals' water that effectively solve the arid and semi-arid lands are the technical problems that this area needs to be resolved hurrily.
Summary of the invention
The inventor through experiment and exploration many times, successfully develops the present invention based on this area working experience for many years finally.
The purpose of this invention is to provide low, the effective rainwater collection processing method of a kind of cost.
For reaching above-mentioned purpose, the present invention has adopted following technical scheme:
A kind of rainwater collection processing method adopts the alternate mode of furrow, and the ridge is half arc body of smooth outer surface and waterproof, the long 40-70cm of half arc body, wide 40-70cm, high 20-40cm are ditch between two ridges, cover covering layer in the ditch, tectal cover degree is 100%, plants crops in the ditch.
The present invention also can further realize by the following technical programs:
A kind of rainwater collection processing method, wherein, in the flat country, regional in ditch in the 300mm annual precipitation: the ridge ratio is 1: 1 area setting, the 400mm annual precipitation is regional in ditch: the ridge ratio is 3: 1 area setting, and the 500mm annual precipitation is regional in ditch: the ridge ratio is 4: 1 area setting.
A kind of rainwater collection processing method wherein, in the hillside fields, mountain area, is domaticly gone up wide every one of 5m excavation be the horizontal ditch of 50-70cm, every 2-4m one ridge is set in horizontal ditch, the alternate mode of formation furrow.
A kind of rainwater collection processing method, wherein, described ridge is piled up by mound and is formed, and plastic covering film on it sprays soil coagulating agent or spraying liquid film.
A kind of rainwater collection processing method, wherein, described ridge is made of jointly bow more than 3 and plastic foil, and bow be arranged in parallel, and underground formation support is inserted at two ends respectively, and plastic foil covers and the outside external surface that forms the ridge of bow.
A kind of rainwater collection processing method, wherein, described plastic foil is the antiultraviolet plastic foil.
A kind of rainwater collection processing method, wherein, described covering layer is the plastic foil of thickness greater than 0.08mm; Cladding thickness is the stalk of 3-5cm; Perhaps cladding thickness is one or more the mixture in fine sand, coarse sand and the gravel of 3-5cm.
A kind of rainwater collection processing method, wherein, described covering layer is that mixed proportion is 1: 1 the fine sand and the mixture of gravel; Perhaps mixed proportion is 1: 1 coarse sand and a gravel mixture.
Owing to adopted above technical scheme, made the present invention possess following technique effect:
1, the present invention is directed to arid and semi-arid area surface water and groundwater resources lacks, support the situation that condition is descended natural vegetation and crop growth water deficit at rain, utilize the artificial rain collecting technology, adopt the alternate mode of furrow to change the spatial distribution that reaches surface rain, plantation crops in the ditch, and in ditch coated with overburdens such as plastic foil, stalk and coarse sand gravel mixtures, half arc body of smooth outer surface and waterproof is adopted on the ridge, the surface does not absorb water, rainwater is slipped in the ditch on the ridge, rainfall is concentrated be enriched in crop root zone, satisfying plant growth needs water; Also can adopt conventional rain collector will be on the ridge rainwater of landing collect and be used for other lives (as human livestock drinking water) and industrial water.
During for the ease of proportion of crop planting or vegetation recovery, all right covered with plastic film, stalk, gravel and sand etc. reduce soil evaporation in the ditch.Like this, the rainwater of collecting on the ridge can be kept in " soil pool " long period, improves plant available moisture utilization.Thereby artificial rainwater harvesting technology can be combined with traditional soil soverlay technique,, rainfall be concentrated be enriched in crop root zone, improve the utilization ratio of rainfall resource by changing the spatial and temporal distributions that arrives surface rain.
2, be the utilization ratio of this invention of check to rainfall resource, the inventor has carried out the field test research under the open-air natural precipitation condition, checked the collection rain efficient of this method, and be to show that crop checked the catchment soil moisture conservation effect of this method in conjunction with the farmland soverlay technique with the corn.Test in 1998-1999 and carry out in Chinese Academy of Sciences cold area arid region environment and Engineering research institute Gaolan ecological agriculture experiment station.From in the May, 1998-September this area's co-falling rain 36 times, total amount of precipitation is 257mm, wherein August, rainfall accounted for 40%.From the 1-10 month in 1999, co-falling rain 46 times, total amount of precipitation is 344mm, and wherein the rainfall in July accounts for 42% of total rainfall, and 6-9 month accounts for 74%.Distribute from 91 amount of precipitations of 1998-1999, the rainfall number of times of＜5mm accounts for 60.43%, and the rainfall number of times of＜10mm accounts for 78.2%, and＞the rainfall number of times of 10mm only accounts for 21.8%, and maximum time amount of precipitation is 43mm.From quantum of rainfall, 60% annual rainfall derives from＞rainfall of 10mm.In the average rainfall intensity,＜5mm/h accounts for 88%, and＜10mm/h accounts for 92%.
In the rainfall runoff observation experiment on ridge in 1998, observe precipitation altogether 36 times, total amount of precipitation is 257mm.Wherein, only observe 10 times runoff on rib (exposed soil), yielding flow is 17mm; And adopt this method to catchment, and all rainfall incidents all produce runoff on the film ridge, and yielding flow is 224mm.With water collection efficiency=(run-off/amount of precipitation) * 100%, adopt the inventive method to catchment as can be known, water collection efficiency accounts for 87% of amount of precipitation, is higher than the water collection efficiency (6.7%) of rib far away.
By inferior amount of precipitation and time run-off are set up linear relation (referring to shown in Figure 1), can determine the critical runoff producing rain amount of the alternate mode of furrow that the inventive method adopts and the water catchment efficiency behind the runoff yield.The pass of ridge time run-off and time amount of precipitation is:
R＝0.98(P-0.8) r＝0.99 (1)
In the formula, R represents run-off, and P represents amount of precipitation, and r represents index of correlation.This shows under the perfect condition that the minimum amount of precipitation that the ridge film can produce runoff is 0.8mm, and the water collection efficiency behind the runoff yield is 98%.
Employing the inventive method is combined in the crop wager requirements, the WUEL that cover processing (overburden is the mixture of plastic foil, stalk, coarse sand, fine sand and gravel etc.) and contrast (bare area) in the ditch and calculates with following formula:
In the formula: W1 is crop wager requirements (mm); WUE is WUEL (kg/m
3); P is a direct amount of precipitation of crop growth phase (mm); DT is a water collection efficiency;
It is the interval collecting water from runoff in farmland; N1 and n2 are respectively crops planting area and catchment area; Δ W is before crop is broadcast and the 1.4m soil layer storage capacity of results back mensuration changes (mm); Y is the output (kg/hm that calculates with ditch Gansu Province gross area
2).
Storage capacity adopts (4) formula to calculate:
W＝h×p×b％×10 (4)
In the formula: W is storage capacity (mm); H is soil depth (cm); P is the soil weight (g/cm3); B% is a soil moisture percentage.
Table 1 is that the 1998-1999 duration of test is with the corn experimental result (area of each sample be area and maize sown area sum that ridge covered, the area of each sample equate) of the alternate mode collection of furrow of the present invention rain in conjunction with soverlay technique in the ditch.Wherein the thickness of plastic foil is 0.08mm; The particle diameter of gravel is laid one deck between 4-11cm; The coarse sand particle diameter is between 0.7-4.5cm, and the fine sand particle diameter is less than 0.7cm, and the cladding thickness of coarse sand or fine sand is 2-3cm; The cladding thickness of stalk is 3-5cm; All tectal cover degrees are that the projection of overburden on ground all reaches 100%.
The alternate collection rain of table 1 1998-1999 furrow is in conjunction with covering the corn result of the test in the ditch
* represent the average of test, same row same letter is illustrated on 5% level not remarkable, and letter representation inequality is remarkable.
As can be seen from Table 1, even do not cover processing in the ditch, the fringe grain of corn weight, grain number per spike and mass of 1000 kernel are all apparently higher than contrast (non-irrigated level land); When overburden such as plastic foil, stalk, gravel was arranged in the ditch, maize yield comparison in 1998 increased 4010-5297kg/hm according to (non-irrigated level land)
2(108%-143%), than not covering time volume increase 609-1867kg/hm in the ditch
2(16%-50%).Because rainfall in 1999 is more, amount of increase in production is less.WUEL is substantially all at 2kg/m
3More than, this be since cover can suppress between soil evaporation and then promote risingly, improve WUEL.
With the corn growing season is example, to obducent storage capacity such as plastic foil and stalk, gravel etc. being arranged in the ditch and not covering compare (referring to shown in Figure 2) handled: in each breeding time of corn, furrow is alternate handles high 20-100mm in conjunction with covering processing 0-140cm storage capacity than covering, and the storage capacity ratio of 0-40cm covering is handled high 5-30mm.This shows, in the inventive method the ridge collection rain function and ditch in the various different obducent functions of retaining and conserveing soil moisture all obtained good embodiment, especially more remarkable in the dry year effect.
By above-mentioned data as can be known, the inventive method can significantly improve the utilization rate of the utilization ratio of precipitation, particularly light rain, and the minimum amount of precipitation that the ridge that the furrow among the present invention is alternate can produce runoff is 0.8mm, water collection efficiency is 87%, and the average water collection efficiency in natural soils surface only is 7%; And in conjunction with covering layer (promptly helping reducing the device or the material of evaporation) at crop-planting district stalks mulching, gravel, plastic foil etc., further improved storage capacity, increase the output of crops, help the vegetation recovery of arid and semi-arid area degraded land.
3, the present invention adopts bow and plastic foil to form the ridge, and is light, cheap, practical, can dismantle at any time and install, and it is little to consume engineering quantity, and constituted the complete technical system of a cover with the covering layer perfect adaptation, utilizes precipitation as the field irrigation water resource on the spot.Have the bigger potentiality of utilizing in the arid and semi-arid area, and can bring nature, economic results in society preferably, both be applicable to the area that landform is comparatively smooth, also be applicable to hillside fields, area, mountain region, be not subjected to the restriction of landform and surface conditions.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the relation between ridge of the present invention time run-off and time amount of precipitation;
Fig. 2 is that the alternate collection rain of furrow in 1999 is in conjunction with covering the influence of corn planting to storage capacity in the ditch, T1 among the figure: furrow is alternate+cover gravel in the ditch, T2: furrow is alternate+cover coarse sand in the ditch, T3: furrow is alternate+cover fine sand in the ditch, T4: furrow is alternate+cover stalk in the ditch, T5: furrow is alternate+ditch in overlay film, T6: furrow is alternate+ditch do not cover T7: rib soil ditch T8: non-irrigated level land.
The specific embodiment
A kind of rainwater collection processing method, adopt the alternate mode of furrow, the ridge is half arc body of smooth outer surface and waterproof, the long 40-70cm of half arc body, wide 40-70cm, high 20-40cm, the ridge is used for collecting natural rainfall and precipitation is concentrated on the root district of the plant of planting, and is ditch between two ridges, covers covering layer in the ditch, tectal cover degree is 100%, plants crops in the ditch.In the relative rather level areas of landform district, regional in ditch in the 300mm annual precipitation: the ridge ratio is 1: 1 area setting, the 400mm annual precipitation is regional in ditch: the ridge ratio is 3: 1 area setting, and the 500mm annual precipitation is regional in ditch: the ridge ratio is 4: 1 area setting.In the area, mountain region, similar to the exploitation terraced fields, wide every one of 5m excavation on domatic be the horizontal ditch of 50-70cm, every 2-4m one ridge is set in horizontal ditch, the alternate mode of formation furrow.Can plant herbaceous plant, shrub or other trees in the ditch, be used for crops and produce or vegetation recovery.The ditch inner covering layer is the plastic foil of thickness greater than 0.08mm; Cladding thickness is the stalk of 3-5cm; Perhaps cover one or more the mixture in fine sand, coarse sand and the gravel.The best is that 1: 1 mixed proportion is 1: 1 the coarse sand and the mixture of gravel for mixed proportion.Wherein the fine sand particle diameter is less than 0.7cm; The coarse sand particle diameter is 0.7-4.5cm; The gravel particle diameter is 4-11cm.When single kind was laid, the laying depth of fine sand or coarse sand was 2-3cm, and gravel is laid one deck and got final product.The mixed laying depth of gravel and fine sand or coarse sand is 2-11cm.With reduce crops etc. between soil evaporation, make more moisture be used for plant transpiration.
Ridge among the present invention can adopt the bow of two ends band drill bit and plastic sheeting to form, and the bow highest point is 200-400mm apart from ground level, and each device is with the bow more than 3, and the distance between every bow is 80-140mm.At the half curved upper surface plastic covering film that bow surrounds, the length and width of plastic foil is 1100-1600mm.Four limits of plastic foil are all had cover earth or cobble on the nearly 100mm, play the effect that fixedly positioning.
Bow plays the effect of support, plastic foil covers on the bow of certain intervals, more than the face of land, just formed half arc body like this, precipitation in the plastic foil coverage of top, the receivability face of land, and make the precipitation of being admitted under the plastic foil upper surface of ground arc body, slide into the both sides of half arc body, thereby make more rainwater concentrate on crop root zone.All there was redundancy on four limits after the rectangular plastic film covered the plastic bar top fully, redundancy section is imbedded in the soil, or pushed down with cobble, all can play the effect of fixed plastics film.The life-span of plastic foil is longer, and the best antiultraviolet plastic foil that adopts reaches 8-9 its application life.
The arc body that the arcuate structure that bow constitutes can be piled into by long 40-70cm, wide 40-70cm, high 20-40cm mound, or height akin and width replacement with it, as long as it is long-pending with enlarged surface to form the ridge shape, last coating plastic film just can form above-mentioned said ridge, pushes down with earth or cobble equally at the four edges of plastic foil and plays fixation.
If the ridge is to be piled up by earth material to form, so can be on the ridge plastic covering film, spray the material that soil coagulating agent or spraying liquid film etc. can produce smooth surface and replace plastic foil, the rainwater that helps dropping to the arc body upper surface flow to crop root zone under fast.
The above is preferred embodiment of the present invention only, is not that the present invention is done any pro forma qualification.Any change that is equal to, modification or differentiation etc. that all those skilled in the art utilize technical scheme of the present invention that the foregoing description is made all still belong in the scope of technical solution of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. rainwater collection processing method is characterized in that:
Adopt the alternate mode of furrow, the ridge is half arc body of smooth outer surface and waterproof, and the long 40-70cm of half arc body, wide 40-70cm, high 20-40cm are ditch between two ridges, covers covering layer in the ditch, and tectal cover degree is 100%, plants crops in the ditch.
2. rainwater collection processing method according to claim 1 is characterized in that:
In the flat country, regional in ditch in the 300mm annual precipitation: the ridge ratio is 1: 1 area setting, and the 400mm annual precipitation is regional in ditch: the ridge ratio is 3: 1 area setting, and the 500mm annual precipitation is regional in ditch: the ridge ratio is 4: 1 area setting.
3. rainwater collection processing method according to claim 1 is characterized in that:
In the hillside fields, mountain area, domaticly go up wide be the horizontal ditch of 50-70cm, in horizontal ditch, one ridge is set, the alternate mode of formation furrow every 2-4m every one of 5m excavation.
4. according to arbitrary described rainwater collection processing method among the claim 1-3, it is characterized in that:
Described ridge is piled up by mound and is formed, and plastic covering film on it sprays soil coagulating agent or spraying liquid film.
5. according to arbitrary described rainwater collection processing method among the claim 1-3, it is characterized in that:
Described ridge is made of jointly bow more than 3 and plastic foil, and bow be arranged in parallel, and underground formation support is inserted at two ends respectively, and plastic foil covers and the outside external surface that forms the ridge of bow.
6. rainwater collection processing method according to claim 5 is characterized in that:
Described plastic foil is the antiultraviolet plastic foil.
7. rainwater collection processing method according to claim 1 is characterized in that:
Described covering layer is the plastic foil of thickness greater than 0.08mm; Cladding thickness is the stalk of 3-5cm; Perhaps cover one or more the mixture in fine sand, coarse sand and the gravel.
8. rainwater collection processing method according to claim 7 is characterized in that:
Described covering layer is that mixed proportion is 1: 1 the fine sand and the mixture of gravel; Perhaps mixed proportion is 1: 1 the coarse sand and the mixture of gravel.
9. according to claim 7 or 8 described rainwater collection processing methods, it is characterized in that:
Described fine sand particle diameter is less than 0.7cm; The coarse sand particle diameter is 0.7-4.5cm; Described gravel particle diameter is 4-11cm.
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| CN201010102568A CN101775823A (en) | 2010-01-27 | 2010-01-27 | Method for collecting and treating rainwater |
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| CN201010102568A CN101775823A (en) | 2010-01-27 | 2010-01-27 | Method for collecting and treating rainwater |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102425209A (en) * | 2011-10-13 | 2012-04-25 | 北京师范大学 | Method and device for collecting rainwater |
| CN102499003A (en) * | 2011-10-13 | 2012-06-20 | 北京师范大学 | Method for restoring vegetation on barren mountains and sloping fields in arid and semi-arid regions |
-
2010
- 2010-01-27 CN CN201010102568A patent/CN101775823A/en active Pending
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102425209A (en) * | 2011-10-13 | 2012-04-25 | 北京师范大学 | Method and device for collecting rainwater |
| CN102499003A (en) * | 2011-10-13 | 2012-06-20 | 北京师范大学 | Method for restoring vegetation on barren mountains and sloping fields in arid and semi-arid regions |
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Open date: 20100714 |