CN105961000B - The method for reducing the low vegetative coverage hillside fields rainfall in front of the mountains snow melt erosion in arid biogeographic zone river valley - Google Patents
The method for reducing the low vegetative coverage hillside fields rainfall in front of the mountains snow melt erosion in arid biogeographic zone river valley Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D17/00—Excavations; Bordering of excavations; Making embankments
- E02D17/20—Securing of slopes or inclines
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D3/00—Improving or preserving soil or rock, e.g. preserving permafrost soil
- E02D3/02—Improving by compacting
- E02D3/10—Improving by compacting by watering, draining, de-aerating or blasting, e.g. by installing sand or wick drains
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of low vegetative coverage hillside fields rainfalls in front of the mountains in reduction arid biogeographic zone river valley, the method for snow melt erosion.This method is under the conditions of 3 ° -10 ° of the gradient of slope condition, in the case where unchanged looks landform, builds the low bank of earth between fields along contour, carries out blocking water desilting, while playing the role of reduction Slope-Runoff, slows down flow velocity.Concrete discharge outlet is built at 50 m in every low bank of earth between fields, aerial drainage when excessive convenient for spring snow melt water prevents from washing away low bank of earth between fields formation man-made disaster；According to clover and fructus lycii to the difference of water demand, fructus lycii is planted in the gathering ground between two low banks of earth between fields, and non-gathering ground Planting Medicago sativa improves the survival rate of planting plants, increases surface vegetation cover degree and soil contains outlet capacity.It can achieve reduction Slope-Runoff using this method, slow down flow velocity, silt sediment, increase thickness of soil, prevent loss of soil nutrient, and then achieve the purpose that grading in 3 ° -10 ° of low vegetative coverage Topographic factor in front of the mountains, realizes the hillside fields rainfall in front of the mountains of arid biogeographic zone river valley, the prevention and treatment of snow melt erosion.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of arid biogeographic zone river valley area conservation technologies, and in particular to a kind of reduction arid biogeographic zone river valley is low
Vegetative coverage hillside fields rainfall in front of the mountains, snow melt erosion technology.
Background technique
Ili River Valley is located in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Regions's WESTERN TIANSHAN MOUNTAINS, is land route channel bridge of the China towards West Asia and Europe
Head fort, while being also the important grain production bases in Xinjiang.Implement ground as the big land exploitation-renovation Important Project in the whole nation seven
One, Soil Erosion of the Yili River valley in large area soil in flakes development process increasingly highlights, and land development, which is concentrated, to divide
The soil erosion problem in the low vegetative coverage of cloth hillside fields in front of the mountains is exactly one of them.The slope in front of the mountains of Ili River Valley deposited one
Layer macrovoid collapsible loess and Quaternary Period rickle, soil is based on chiltern and fertility is lower, and soil horizon thickness is most
Between 20-100cm, the following are sand gravel layers for soil layer.The newly-ploughed hillside fields gradient for being distributed in this region is mostly between 3 ° -10 °
Hillside fields in front of the mountains, this topography and geomorphology and edaphic condition, easily because soil occurs for the disturbance of earth's surface during land reclamation
It corrodes, simultaneously as being more than the precipitation of 200mm, hillside fields becomes this Territorial Soil Erosion sensibility most to Ili River Valley in front of the mountains
The area in high place and Ili River Valley soil erosion integrated distribution.With global warming, extreme rainfall events are increased, soil
Earth, which corrodes, to be aggravated.Soil erosion not only has lost effective land use area, while also making the validity of existing land use big
It is big to reduce, and water quality of river can be reduced, influence the good relationship between China and downstream state.
Vegetative coverage is the guide's factor for reducing the soil erosion, is had in terms of water and soil conservation and the long-acting reduction soil erosion
Apparent effect.Consider that vegetation arrangement reduces the economy and technical validity of soil erosion method, using vegetation root system to soil
Earth consolidation, the retention of vegetation root system rake, the obstruction and vegetation coverage of the transmitting of hedge formula structure diameter stream to rainfall, in turn
Slope-Runoff is reduced, slows down flow velocity, reduces the silt carrying capacity of water flow, to achieve the purpose that reduce the soil erosion.
In view of Ili River Valley precipitation, merging into nature year in integrated distribution feature, by hillside fields along contour construct
The low bank of earth between fields, interception rainfall, the slope runoff in merging into nature, reaches unhurried current desilting, increases thickness of soil, prevents loss of soil nutrient
Purpose；Increase vegetative coverage in slope surface reasonable disposition fructus lycii and clover simultaneously；Demand according to fructus lycii and clover to moisture is poor
Different, fructus lycii, gathering ground top Planting Medicago sativa are planted in low bank of earth between fields gathering ground；Rainwater is intercepted using configuration vegetation aerial part, reduces rain
The sputter to earth's surface is dripped, using root system fixing, improvement soil, increases soil organic matter content and reaches while improving soil fertility
Reduce the purpose of the soil erosion.The technology, which fully takes into account landform, weather and plant, needs water feature, with it is lower investment reach through
Benefit of helping and ecological win-win, are primarily adapted for use in vegetative coverage and are lower than 30%, 3 ° -10 ° of the gradient of arid biogeographic zone chiltern thin soil layer river valley
Hillside fields rainfall in front of the mountains, the prevention and treatment of snow melt erosion.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of low vegetative coverage hillside fields rainfall in front of the mountains in reduction arid biogeographic zone river valley, snow melts to invade
The method of erosion, this method is under the conditions of 3 ° -10 ° of the gradient of slope condition, in the case where unchanged looks landform, along contour
The low bank of earth between fields is built, carries out blocking water desilting, while playing the role of reduction Slope-Runoff, slows down flow velocity.In every low bank of earth between fields at 50m
Concrete discharge outlet is built, aerial drainage when excessive convenient for spring snow melt water prevents from washing away low bank of earth between fields formation man-made disaster；According to clover and
For fructus lycii to the difference of water demand, fructus lycii, non-gathering ground Planting Medicago sativa, raising planting plants are planted in the gathering ground between two low banks of earth between fields
Survival rate, increase surface vegetation cover degree and soil and contain outlet capacity.It can achieve reduction Slope-Runoff using this method, slow down stream
Speed, silt sediment increase thickness of soil, prevent loss of soil nutrient, and then reach grading and cover in 3 ° -10 ° of low vegetation
The purpose of Topographic factor in front of the mountains is covered, realizes the hillside fields rainfall in front of the mountains of arid biogeographic zone river valley, the reduction of snow melt erosion and prevention and treatment.The party
Method is suitable for that precipitation is greater than 200mm, and for the gradient at 3 ° -10 °, soil horizon is relatively thin, river valley in front of the mountains hillside fields water of the vegetation cover degree lower than 30%
Soil is kept.
A kind of method reducing the low vegetative coverage hillside fields rainfall in front of the mountains in arid biogeographic zone river valley, snow melt erosion of the present invention,
It follows these steps to carry out:
A, hillside fields is constructed the low bank of earth between fields, the low bank of earth between fields along contour in 3 ° -10 ° of soil erosion integrated distribution region by the selection gradient
High 40cm, wide 50cm, the depth displacement of two adjacent low bank of earth between fields base portions are determined as 60cm, the vertical range 500cm between the adjacent low bank of earth between fields；
B, concrete discharge outlet is built at 50m in every low bank of earth between fields, drain open height 30cm, width 50cm；
C, using the midpoint of the vertical line distance between the adjacent low bank of earth between fields as line of demarcation, midpoint is the following are gathering ground, and the above are non-at midpoint
Fructus lycii is planted in gathering ground in gathering ground, and the seeding row spacing of fructus lycii is 1 × 1m, in non-gathering ground Planting Medicago sativa, clover and fructus lycii plantation
Preceding application base fertilizer is Diammonium phosphate (DAP) 10kg/ mus or 2m3The compost of/mu；
D, clover is taken artificial seeding or artificial shallow ridges to sow by spring or summer, and 1kg/ mu of application rate, foundation clover is long
Gesture periodically cradles, and keeps alfalfa growing 30cm, cradles stream stubble 8-10cm.
A kind of method reducing the low vegetative coverage hillside fields rainfall in front of the mountains in arid biogeographic zone river valley, snow melt erosion of the present invention,
This method has the advantage that
Fully consider that Ili Prefecture Winter Snow amount is big, spring ablation rapidly, catchments into stream, Eroded soil, soil, fertilizer
It is lost serious feature；The difference of water demand amount is passed through in the case where unchanged looks using draft and xylophyta
Lower manpower and financial resources investment, is intercepted water using the contour low bank of earth between fields and irrigates xylophyta, increase the survival rate of plant, increase soil
Vegetation cover degree, while large area also being avoided to plant single tree species, lead to later period water shortage, forms Soil Dried Layer；On the low bank of earth between fields
It builds the concrete lower than low bank of earth between fields height and produces the mouth of a river, be beneficial to prevent in the early spring low bank of earth between fields to catchment and cover ridge and wash away the low bank of earth between fields, lead to people
For disaster；The low bank of earth between fields and plant can slow down flow velocity and deposition soil to greatest extent, and the soil of deposition, which can achieve, increases soil layer thickness
Degree and reduction loss of soil nutrient；Clover can be used as fructus lycii green manure, so that fructus lycii is increased production and improve quality, can also gather in crop
The greenfeed of cattle and sheep；It is finally reached with relatively low investment, so that economic benefit and ecological protection win-win.
Specific embodiment
Embodiment 1:
A, hillside fields, the gradient carry out machine in 3 ° of water soil losses integrated distribution region, by entire hillside fields in front of the mountains in selection river valley
Tool loosens the soil, and hillside fields is constructed the low bank of earth between fields along contour, the depth displacement of the adjacent low bank of earth between fields base portion of the low bank of earth between fields high 40cm, wide 50cm, two is determined as
60cm, the vertical range 500cm between the adjacent low bank of earth between fields；
B, concrete discharge outlet is often built at 50m in every low bank of earth between fields, drain open height 30cm, width 50cm；
C, using the midpoint of the vertical line distance between the adjacent low bank of earth between fields as line of demarcation, midpoint is the following are gathering ground, and the above are non-at midpoint
Fructus lycii is planted in gathering ground in gathering ground, and fructus lycii plantation is colonized using bunch planting, and the seeding row spacing of fructus lycii is 1.5m × 1.5m, in non-collection
Applying base fertilizer before pool Planting Medicago sativa, clover and fructus lycii plantation is Diammonium phosphate (DAP) 10kg/ mus or 2m3The compost of/mu；
D, in 3-5 month, clover is taken into artificial seeding, line-spacing 30cm hoes up weeds and fertilizer irrigation convenient for intertillage, clover
Planting density is sowing quantity 1kg/ mus, is periodically cradled according to clover growing way, and alfalfa growing is kept to be no more than 30cm, cradles stream stubble 8-
10cm。
Embodiment 2:
A, hillside fields, the gradient first carry out entire hillside fields in 8 ° of water soil losses integrated distribution region in front of the mountains in selection river valley
Machinery loosens the soil, and hillside fields is constructed the low bank of earth between fields along contour, the depth displacement of the adjacent low bank of earth between fields base portion of the low bank of earth between fields high 40cm, wide 50cm, two determines
Vertical range 500cm for 60cm, between the adjacent low bank of earth between fields；
B, concrete discharge outlet is often built at 50m in every low bank of earth between fields, drain open height 30cm, width 50cm；
C, using the midpoint of the vertical line distance between the adjacent low bank of earth between fields as line of demarcation, midpoint is the following are gathering ground, and the above are non-at midpoint
Fructus lycii is planted in gathering ground in gathering ground, and fructus lycii plantation is colonized using bunch planting, and the seeding row spacing of fructus lycii is 1m × 1m, in non-gathering ground
Applying base fertilizer before Planting Medicago sativa, clover and fructus lycii plantation is Diammonium phosphate (DAP) 10kg/ mus or 2m3The compost of/mu；
D, it is sowed in 5-6 month, using broadcasting sowing when good conditions for soil moisture, when soil moisture content difference, is sowed using shallow ridges, alfalfa cultivation is close
Degree is artificial broadcast, 1kg/ mus of application rate, periodically cradles according to clover growing way, keeps alfalfa growing to be no more than 30cm, cradle stream
Stubble 8-10cm.
Embodiment 3:
A, hillside fields, the gradient first carry out entire hillside fields in 10 ° of water soil losses integrated distribution region in front of the mountains in selection river valley
Machinery loosens the soil, and hillside fields is constructed the low bank of earth between fields along contour, the depth displacement of the adjacent low bank of earth between fields base portion of the low bank of earth between fields high 40cm, wide 50cm, two determines
Vertical range 500cm for 60cm, between the adjacent low bank of earth between fields；
B, concrete discharge outlet is often built at 50m in every low bank of earth between fields, drain open height 30cm, width 50cm；
C, using the midpoint of the vertical line distance between the adjacent low bank of earth between fields as line of demarcation, midpoint is the following are gathering ground, and the above are non-at midpoint
Fructus lycii is planted in gathering ground in gathering ground, and fructus lycii plantation is colonized using bunch planting, and the seeding row spacing of fructus lycii is 1.m × 0.5m, is catchmented non-
Applying base fertilizer before area's Planting Medicago sativa, clover and fructus lycii plantation is Diammonium phosphate (DAP) 10kg/ mus or 2m3The compost of/mu；
D, it is sowed in 9-10 month, using broadcasting sowing when good conditions for soil moisture, when soil moisture content difference, is sowed using shallow ridges, clover sowing
1kg/ mus of amount is periodically cradled according to clover growing way, and alfalfa growing is kept to be no more than 30cm, cradles stream stubble 8-10cm.
Claims (1)
1. a kind of method for reducing the low vegetative coverage hillside fields rainfall in front of the mountains in arid biogeographic zone river valley, snow melt erosion, it is characterised in that press
Column step carries out:
A, hillside fields is constructed the low bank of earth between fields along contour, the low bank of earth between fields is high by 40 in 3 ° -10 ° of soil erosion integrated distribution region by the selection gradient
Cm, wide 50 cm, the depth displacement of two adjacent low bank of earth between fields base portions are determined as 60 cm, the vertical range 500cm between the adjacent low bank of earth between fields；
B, concrete discharge outlet is built at 50 m in every low bank of earth between fields, drain 30 cm of open height, 50 cm of width；
C, using the midpoint of the vertical line distance between the adjacent low bank of earth between fields as line of demarcation, the following are gathering ground, midpoints to catchment the above are non-at midpoint
Fructus lycii is planted in gathering ground by area, and the seeding row spacing of fructus lycii is 1 × 1m, in non-gathering ground Planting Medicago sativa, is applied before clover and fructus lycii plantation
Adding base fertilizer is 10 kg/ mus of Diammonium phosphate (DAP) or 2m3The compost of/mu；
D, clover is taken artificial seeding by spring or summer, 1kg/ mus of application rate, is periodically cradled according to clover growing way, is kept clover
30cm is grown, toothing 8-10cm is cradled.
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| CN109302863A (en) * | 2017-07-26 | 2019-02-05 | 河南科技大学 | A method of reducing the soil erosion of hillside fields tobacco field |
| CN109750652A (en) * | 2018-12-03 | 2019-05-14 | 沈阳大学 | A kind of ditch slope fixing of soil and conservation of water method of soil erosion in farmland ditch |
| CN111931432B (en) * | 2020-08-05 | 2023-09-22 | 中国水利水电科学研究院 | Method suitable for calculating annual average rainfall-snow-melting runoff erosion force in high-altitude area |
| CN112136409A (en) * | 2020-09-25 | 2020-12-29 | 黑龙江省水利科学研究院 | Method for preventing freeze-thaw erosion and preventing agricultural non-point source pollution in black soil slope farmland |
| CN113854024A (en) * | 2021-09-18 | 2021-12-31 | 中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所 | Method for planting cover plants in four-season rose garden on sloping field |
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| CN101275392B (en) * | 2007-03-30 | 2011-04-27 | 曾兆仁 | Method for preventing water loss and soil erosion and method for building non-leakage water reservoir |
| CN101300926A (en) * | 2007-08-29 | 2008-11-12 | 谭建 | Method for recovering plant cover of mine |
| CN101720614A (en) * | 2009-11-11 | 2010-06-09 | 中国科学院水利部成都山地灾害与环境研究所 | Method for constructing slope integral agro-forestry ecosystem |
| CN102090175A (en) * | 2011-01-10 | 2011-06-15 | 重庆师范大学 | Method for regulating and controlling limited downslope tillage of corroded slope farmland |
| CN202818915U (en) * | 2012-08-16 | 2013-03-27 | 吉林省水土保持科学研究院 | Slope type stripping field capable of conserving water and soil |
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