CN102425209A - Method and device for collecting rainwater - Google Patents
Method and device for collecting rainwater Download PDFInfo
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- CN102425209A CN102425209A CN2011103093625A CN201110309362A CN102425209A CN 102425209 A CN102425209 A CN 102425209A CN 2011103093625 A CN2011103093625 A CN 2011103093625A CN 201110309362 A CN201110309362 A CN 201110309362A CN 102425209 A CN102425209 A CN 102425209A
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02A20/00—Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
- Y02A20/108—Rainwater harvesting
Abstract
The invention discloses a method and device for collecting rainwater. The method comprises the following steps: constructing a clay tamped water-collecting wall with slope length of 5 meters and width of 60 meters on a natural slope with a gradient of 10-15 degrees in transitional zone of a drought and semiarid region; building a cement brick wall with a height of 15 centimeters and a width of 20 centimeters around the clay tamped water-collecting wall so as to reduce lateral runoff; using three water pipes to connect a grit basin having a cover at the lower edge of the clay tamped water-collecting wall, wherein the three water pipes are provided with filter screens at front ends and are arranged at intervals of 12 meters; and using a water pipe with a filter screen and a buoy at the front end to lead the rainwater from the grit basin having the cover to a cistern with a cover beside the grit basin having the cover. According to the technical scheme provided by the invention, the cost is low, the cost of manpower and material resources are low and the operation is simple and practicable.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the water resources development and utilization technical field, relate in particular to a kind of rainwater collection method and equipment.
Background technology
Receive East Asian monsoon and extra large land position effects; The distinct horizontal humidity climatic zoning of large scale northwestwards appears in China from the southeast; Generally mean annual precipitation is called arid biogeographic zone in the area below 250 millimeters, annual precipitation is called semiarid region in the area of 250 to 450 millimeters (or 500 millimeters).China's arid, semiarid region area account for 52% of area, and global arid and semi-arid district area accounts for more than 41% of land surface.
According to international population bearing capacity standard, the arid biogeographic zone population density should not surpass 7 people/km
2, the semiarid region population density should not surpass 20～257 people/km
2, and the northern China semiarid region population density has reached 70 people/km
2, some area of arid and semiarid intermediate zone even reached 190 people/km
2Increase of population brings the demand to the basic means of livelihood such as water, food, fuel constantly to increase, and people ground contradiction becomes increasingly conspicuous, and ecological environment problem is healed and become serious.Thereby the shortage of water resource and the population density are more greatly the key problems that restriction arid and semi-arid district ecological environment improves.
And arid and semi-arid district water resource quantity capable of using is very limited; Has river quantity that large-scale development is worth seldom; And because the weather arid is limit with loose geological conditions, strong evaporation and seepage all are to be that main large hydraulic engineering construction brings the difficulty that is difficult to overcome with the reservoir.Precipitation is that the only moisture in arid and semi-arid district replenishes chance, and under the situation of not taking any measure, the rainwater in arid and semi-arid district can evaporate very soon after arriving ground and be dissipated in the atmosphere, and it is used directly to behave.Thereby development and operation is simple, and investment cost is low, and the rainwater harvesting technology that water supply compliance is strong and water quality is good is effectively to alleviate the effective means that arid and semi-arid district human livestock drinking water, grain and yule logs production need water contradiction.
The collection utilization of rainwater has the history in more than 4,000 year so far from the Bronze Age.Before nineteen fifties; The rainwater catchment system technical development is slow, but to twentieth century five, after the sixties, along with the end of World War II and the recovery of World Economics; And the quickening of global drought frequency and population growth; The collection utilization of rainwater receives people's attention again, inquires into the feasibility technology and method of rainwater harvesting from many aspects, and has obtained important achievement.Because arid and semi-arid district area is wide, the difference of (underlying surface situation) and degree of water shortage is formed on the Characteristics of Precipitation of various places, the face of land, and therefore being suitable for local rainwater harvesting measure also has very big-difference.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to propose to be suitable for a kind of rainwater collection method and the equipment of China's arid and semi-arid district intermediate zone, low price, labor intensive material resources are less, and operation is simple and feasible.
For reaching this purpose, the present invention adopts following technical scheme:
A kind of rainwater collection method may further comprise the steps:
A, be 10 to spend to the natural slope of 15 degree, process 5 meters of lengths of grade, wide 60 meters clay compacting gathering surface in the arid and semi-arid district intermediate zone gradient;
B, around clay compacting gathering surface, be built into high 15 centimetres, wide 20 centimetres cement brick enclosure wall, in order to reduce the side direction runoff;
C, use 3 to be that the water pipe of the front end band filter screen at interval connects clay and tamps the grit chamber that builds below the gathering surface with 12 meters in clay compacting gathering surface lower edge;
D, rainwater is built grit chamber and is linked into covering the water cellar of next door from having with the water pipe of front end band filter screen and floating drum.
In the steps A, adopt admaic earth, thin cotton sand and the loess of arid and semi-arid district intermediate zone, the ratio with 1 to 1 to 1 is fully mixed and is mixed thoroughly, and it is 10 to spend to the natural slope of 15 degree that the shop is sprinkled upon the gradient, and watering is also tamped, and processes clay and tamps gathering surface.
In the time of need building 3 clays compacting gathering surfaces, 2 and cover grit chamber and 2 and cover water cellar; Wherein 2 clays compacting gathering surface cover grit chamber and 1 and covers water cellar and dispose according to corresponding 1 of 1 clay compacting gathering surface; The 3rd clay compacting gathering surface then sentenced 10 meters for the water pipe of 4 front end band filter screens is installed at interval successively in lower edge; Wherein 2 water pipes are connected to the 1st and build grit chamber, and other 2 water pipes are connected to the 2nd and build grit chamber.
A kind of rainwater collecting device; Comprise: 5 meters of lengths of grade, wide 60 meters clay are tamped gathering surface; High 15 centimetres, wide 20 centimetres cement brick enclosure wall builds grit chamber, covers water cellar; It is 10 to spend to the natural slope of 15 degree that the water pipe of front end band filter screen and the water pipe of front end band filter screen and floating drum, its medium clay soil compacting gathering surface are positioned at the arid and semi-arid district intermediate zone gradient; The cement brick enclosure wall is positioned at around the clay compacting gathering surface; 3 is the water pipe one end connection clay compacting gathering surface lower edge of the front end band filter screen at interval with 12 meters, and an end connects the grit chamber that builds of clay compacting gathering surface below; Water pipe one end of front end band filter screen and floating drum is connected with and builds grit chamber, and an end is connected with and covers water cellar.
The thickness of clay compacting gathering surface is 8 centimetres.
The water pipe of front end band filter screen, its filter screen is processed with the antirust and nontoxic alloy material of lightweight, and 0.1 millimeter in aperture is nested in water pipe front end water inlet; Water pipe is processed with nontoxic and durable plastics, and 3 to 7 centimetres of diameters are imbedded underground 100 to 150 centimetres.
The water pipe of front end band filter screen and floating drum, its filter screen is processed with the antirust and nontoxic alloy material of lightweight, and 0.1 millimeter in aperture is nested in water pipe front end water inlet; Floating drum is processed with antiultraviolet and nontoxic plastics, and floating drum is vacuum and becomes spherical that ball centre part hollow is nested on the water pipe near the water inlet; Water pipe is processed with nontoxic and durable plastics, and 3 to 7 centimetres of diameters are imbedded underground 100 to 150 centimetres.
Grit chamber be 1 meter square, the inwall of grit chamber forms with concreting, inner wall thickness is 4 to 8 centimetres, the lid of grit chamber is bound with plank or with stalk.
The water cellar volume is 30 cubic metres, is shaped as little vase-shaped of the big neck of tripe, and the inwall of water cellar forms with concreting, and inner wall thickness is 4 to 8 centimetres, and the lid of water cellar is bound with plank or with stalk.
Comprise that 3 clays compacting gathering surfaces, 2 cover grit chamber and 2 and cover water cellar; 2 clays compacting gathering surface cover grit chamber and 1 and covers water cellar and dispose according to corresponding 1 of 1 clay compacting gathering surface; The 3rd clay compacting gathering surface sentenced 10 meters for the water pipe of 4 front end band filter screens is installed at interval successively in lower edge; Wherein 2 water pipes are connected to the 1st and build grit chamber, and other 2 water pipes are connected to the 2nd and build grit chamber.
Adopted technical scheme of the present invention; Can use the face of land and groundwater resources limited to the Inner Mongol and loess plateau arid and semi-arid district intermediate zone, be limited by distinctive weather and geological conditions simultaneously, suitable the construction with the reservoir is main large hydraulic engineering and the particularly thorny situation of supply and demand water; Utilize artificial clay compacting face to collect rainwater; And it is stored in the water cellar to reduce the invalid evaporation of moisture, change the time and the spatial distribution that arrive surface rain, satisfy human livestock drinking water and crops need water.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of rainwater collecting device in the specific embodiment of the invention.
The specific embodiment
Further specify technical scheme of the present invention below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and through the specific embodiment.
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of rainwater collecting device in the specific embodiment of the invention.As shown in Figure 1, this rainwater collecting device comprises 5 meters of lengths of grade, wide 60 meters clay compacting gathering surface, and high 15 centimetres, wide 20 centimetres cement brick enclosure wall builds grit chamber, covers water cellar, the water pipe of front end band filter screen and the water pipe of front end band filter screen and floating drum.It is 10 to spend to the natural slope of 15 degree that its medium clay soil compacting gathering surface is positioned at the arid and semi-arid district intermediate zone gradient; The cement brick enclosure wall is positioned at around the clay compacting gathering surface; 3 is the water pipe one end connection clay compacting gathering surface lower edge of the front end band filter screen at interval with 12 meters; One end connects the grit chamber that builds of clay compacting gathering surface below, and water pipe one end of front end band filter screen and floating drum is connected with and builds grit chamber, and an end is connected with and covers water cellar.
The thickness of clay compacting gathering surface is 8 centimetres.
The filter screen of the water pipe of front end band filter screen is processed with the antirust and nontoxic alloy material of lightweight, and 0.1 millimeter in aperture is nested in water pipe front end water inlet; Water pipe is processed with nontoxic and durable plastics, and 3 to 7 centimetres of diameters are imbedded underground 100 to 150 centimetres.
The water pipe of front end band filter screen and floating drum, its filter screen is processed with the antirust and nontoxic alloy material of lightweight, and 0.1 millimeter in aperture is nested in water pipe front end water inlet; Floating drum is processed with antiultraviolet and nontoxic plastics, and floating drum is vacuum and one-tenth spherical, and ball centre part hollow is nested in the water pipe front end near the water inlet, and water pipe is processed with nontoxic and durable plastics, and 3 to 7 centimetres of diameters are imbedded underground 100 to 150 centimetres.
Grit chamber be 1 meter square, the inwall of grit chamber forms with concreting, inner wall thickness is 4 to 8 centimetres, the lid of grit chamber is bound with plank or with stalk.
The water cellar volume is 30 cubic metres, is shaped as little vase-shaped of the big neck of tripe, and the inwall of water cellar forms with concreting, and inner wall thickness is 4 to 8 centimetres, and the lid of water cellar is bound with plank or with stalk.
Comprise that 3 clays compacting gathering surfaces, 2 cover grit chamber and 2 and cover water cellar; 2 clays compacting gathering surface cover grit chamber and 1 and covers water cellar and dispose according to corresponding 1 of 1 clay compacting gathering surface; The 3rd clay compacting gathering surface sentenced 10 meters for the water pipe of 4 front end band filter screens is installed at interval successively in lower edge; Wherein 2 water pipes are connected to the 1st and build grit chamber, and other 2 water pipes are connected to the 2nd and build grit chamber.
The process that rainwater is collected is described below:
At first, be 10 to spend to the natural slope of 15 degree in the arid and semi-arid district intermediate zone gradient, process 5 meters of lengths of grade, wide 60 meters clay compacting gathering surface.Adopt admaic earth, thin cotton sand and the loess of arid and semi-arid district intermediate zone, the ratio with 1 to 1 to 1 is fully mixed and is mixed thoroughly, and it is 10 to spend to the natural slope of 15 degree that the shop is sprinkled upon the gradient, and watering is also tamped, and processes clay and tamps gathering surface.Its principle is through changing the mechanical composition of soil table; Make it both have the colloid property that clay is met hygral expansion, have the character of shrinking when sandy soil weaken the surface soil particle drying again simultaneously, make it form the fine and close skinning cortex of one deck at the soil table; Reduce moisture and infiltrate, improve water collection efficiency.
Secondly, around clay compacting gathering surface, be built into high 15 centimetres, wide 20 centimetres cement brick enclosure wall, in order to reduce the side direction runoff.
Once more, use 3 to be that the water pipe of the front end band filter screen at interval connects clay and tamps the grit chamber that builds below the gathering surface with 12 meters in clay compacting gathering surface lower edge;
At last, with the water pipe of front end band filter screen and floating drum rainwater is built grit chamber and is linked into covering the water cellar of next door from having.
Clay compacting gathering surface, grit chamber and water cellar are with cross current; The water pipe that is led to sand trap by clay compacting gathering surface is getting into grit chamber apart from grit chamber soffit 10 centimeters; The water pipe that is got into water cellar by grit chamber goes out grit chamber apart from grit chamber soffit 20 centimeters certainly, and is getting into water cellar apart from water cellar soffit 10 centimeters.The water pipe front end that is communicated with grit chamber and water cellar is installed the spherical floating drum of filter screen and hollow successively, both guaranteed that water pipe do not imbed in the silt, reduce sediment charge again as far as possible by grit chamber entering water cellar.In addition, need the periodic cleaning grit chamber, to increase water quality.
At present, the weather forecast accuracy rate improves constantly, and can in the rain the previous day of watering in advance on gathering surface, improve the gathering surface soil moisture content according to weather forecast, reduces the critical amount of precipitation of gathering surface runoff runoff yield, to improve water collection efficiency.
In China's arid and semi-arid district intermediate zone, the family of a family of five need build 2 water cellars at least, 2 grit chamber, 2-3 clay compacting gathering surface.If set up 2 clay compacting gathering surfaces, then each the corresponding grit chamber of clay compacting gathering surface and a water cellar; If when building 3 clays compacting gathering surfaces, 2 and covering grit chamber and 2 and cover water cellar; Wherein 2 clays compacting gathering surface cover grit chamber and 1 and covers water cellar and dispose according to corresponding 1 of 1 clay compacting gathering surface; The 3rd clay compacting gathering surface then sentenced 10 meters for the water pipe of 4 front end band filter screens is installed at interval successively in lower edge; Wherein 2 water pipes are connected to the 1st and build grit chamber, and other 2 water pipes are connected to the 2nd and build grit chamber.
Owing to adopted above technical scheme, made the specific embodiment of the invention possess following technique effect:
1, can use the face of land and groundwater resources limited to China's arid and semi-arid district intermediate zone; Be limited by distinctive weather and geological conditions simultaneously; Should not build with the reservoir is main large hydraulic engineering and the particularly thorny situation of supply and demand water utilizes artificial clay compacting face to collect rainwater, and it is stored in the water cellar to reduce the invalid evaporation of moisture; Change the time and the spatial distribution that arrive surface rain, satisfying human livestock drinking water and crops needs water.
2, the rainwater quality for checking water collection efficiency and collecting has been carried out the field test research under the open-air natural precipitation condition.(gradient 14 degree) were built 3 clay compacting gathering surfaces and 3 natural slope gathering surfaces of not doing any treatment measures on, geological conditions close in landform was similarly domatic; 5 meters of gathering surface lengths of grade, wide 60 meters; Thick 8 centimetres of clay compacting gathering surface; Be built into waterproof enclosure wall to reduce the side direction runoff with high 15 centimetres, wide 20 centimetres cement brick around each gathering surface; During experiment collected rainwater directly not being inserted volume through grit chamber is in 200 liters the bucket, measures in the bucket run-off behind every precipitation event and it is carried out water examination.Experimental session has 70 precipitation events; Quantum of rainfall is 474.5 millimeters; Wherein 60% precipitation event time amount of precipitation is less than 5 millimeters, and 30 minutes raininess of 79% precipitation event are less than 5 millimeters/hour, this with arid and semi-arid district intermediate zone rainfall incident with in the majority true consistent of light rain.On the other hand, from quantum of rainfall, the amount of precipitation more than 60% is to be provided at the precipitation event more than 10 millimeters by rare a few play amount of precipitation, mainly occurs in for 7～September, the prosperous and powerful phase of East Asian monsoon in 1 year at a time when this.
2.1 water collection efficiency is high
In above 70 precipitation events; On clay compacting gathering surface, there are 40 precipitation events to produce runoff; It is 156.6 millimeters that runoff volume is converted to the depth of water, and water collection efficiency (average diameter miscarriage flow rate) is 33% (unit area gathering surface runoff yield rate=run-off/amount of precipitation); And having only 28 precipitation events to produce runoff on the natural slope as contrast, it is 41.3 millimeters that runoff volume is converted to the depth of water, thereby water collection efficiency is 8.7%.In experiment; No matter be natural slope or artificial clay compacting gathering surface; Runoff yield all increases with the increase of raininess with time amount of precipitation behind the rain; The runoff yield of its medium clay soil compacting gathering surface and the index of correlation of amount of precipitation reach 0.950, and the runoff yield of natural slope and the index of correlation of amount of precipitation reach 0.720.
2.2 critical runoff producing rain amount is less
Soil moisture content influences down (continuing not rainfall more than 5 days before the rainfall incident) not receiving in earlier stage, and the inferior amount of precipitation of clay compacting gathering surface meets equation (1) with inferior run-off:
R
1＝-2.367+0.581P
1＝0.5817(P
1-4.069) R＝0.9327 (1)
In the formula R
1Be inferior run-off (millimeter), P
1Be inferior amount of precipitation (millimeter) that R is an index of correlation.Then clay compacting gathering surface do not receive early stage soil moisture content to influence critical runoff producing rain amount down be 4.069 millimeters, and equally under the situation the critical runoff producing rain amount of natural slope gathering surface be 8.5 millimeters.At this, critical runoff producing rain value in fact be exactly in the rainfall moisture on the gathering surface go into to blend the evaporation capacity sum in the rainfall.
Receiving the early stage soil moisture content to influence down (continuous two days daily rainfalls all more than 10mm, calculate second day runoff yield rate), inferior amount of precipitation and the inferior run-off of clay compacting gathering surface meet equation (2):
R
2＝-0.882+0.462P
2＝0.462(P
2-1.909) R＝0.9526 (2)
In the formula R
2Be inferior run-off (millimeter), P
2Be inferior amount of precipitation (millimeter) that R is an index of correlation.Then clay compacting gathering surface receive early stage soil moisture content to influence critical runoff producing rain amount down be 1.909 millimeters, representative is receiving under early stage, soil moisture content influenced, the small amount of moisture in the rainfall on the gathering surface goes into to blend the evaporation capacity in the rainfall.
Soil moisture content influences down (gathering surface keeps dry) before not receiving rainfall, natural gathering surface runoff yield when maximum raininess was greater than 7.8 millimeters/hour in 10 minutes, and clay compacting gathering surface is at raininess runoff yield during greater than 6 millimeters/hour.The infiltration rate of the clay compacting gathering surface that is adopted among the present invention is very low, and initial infiltration rate is 0.08 mm/min, and stable infiltration rate is merely 0.0043 mm/min.Thereby clay compacting gathering surface runoff yield in the rainfall incident of high strength short duration not only, also can last runoff yield in the long rainfall incident bigger at amount of precipitation.
2.3 Master Cost is low
Table 1 is water collection efficiency, expense and 300 millimeters substandard water price budgetary estimates of rainfall that the different experiments gathering surface is handled material.
The runoff yield rate and the expense of the different catchments of table 1 processing mode
The service life of concrete and malthoid gathering surface, water price=total cost/(collecting water from runoff * service life), service charge was according to 12 yuan/people with reference to foreign standard. day.
Can find out that from table 1 plastic foil, malthoid and concrete gathering surface are the higher relatively several types of water collection efficiency in the common gathering surface, but compare that cost is relatively also high with clay compacting gathering surface.Thereby clay compacting gathering surface is the artificial gathering surface that China's arid and semi-arid district intermediate zone has development potentiality most.
2.4 water quality is better
The rainwater (sampling immediately after raining) that clay compacting gathering surface and natural gathering surface are collected carries out drinking water standard analysis of water (testing location is national urban water supply water quality monitoring net---a Lanzhou measuring station), and analysis indexes comprises nitrite, nitrate, chloride, silicate, COD, BOD, PH, electrical conductivity, total number of bacteria, coliform count, BaP and turbidity etc.Analyze according to Drinking Water water quality standard GB5749-85 and surface water GB3838-88 standard value II class; The result shows that rainwater that clay compacting gathering surface collects exceeds standard (2000 degree) except turbidity; Other indexs are all in critical field, and rainwater total number of bacteria and COD that natural gathering surface is collected exceed standard (being respectively 3300/milliliter and 52.2 mg/litre).In addition; The collected rainwater of clay compacting gathering surface is stored 7 months later water samples of gathering of storage carry out the analysis of drinking water quality test stone in spherical concrete shell water cellar; The result shows; Except Escherichia coli exceed standard outside (coliform count is 14/liter in the sample, and drinking water standard is less than 3/liter), other indexs all are lower than the drinking water safety standard.
3, frequency of irrigation of crops and irrigating water quota and human livestock drinking water are the primary factor of rainwater harvesting design by norm; Not having rainy days in addition continuously also is also to be an importance of rainwater harvesting design; It determines Jiao Shui to need the length of service time, also need consider not have the no runoff yield number of days of continuous precipitation phase front and back simultaneously.The meteorological data in 1954 to 1980 shows, arid and semi-arid district intermediate zone to grow no rainy days most for many years be 80-129 days, mainly be distributed in winter-spring season (November-April next year).During year April in October, 1998 to 1999, not having rainy days continuously is 160 days, is great drought not seen once in a hundred years.Frequency of irrigation and irrigating water quota according to the various crops in arid and semi-arid district shown in table 2 and the table 3; And arid and semi-arid district human livestock drinking water quota; If with 160 days as need water quality standard, according to People's Republic of China's rural potable water amount sanitary standard (GB11730-89) II, get 50% fraction and calculate; One of arid and semi-arid district intermediate zone had the common rural households of 5 mouthfuls of people, 2 draught animals, 5 little livestocks and 0.07 hectare during 160 days; Living and drinking water requirement is 21.6 cubic metres, and it was 30 cubic metres that twice water requirement of filling mended on 1 mu of ground, so this family needed 51.6 cubic metres in water altogether between no flush period at 160 days.Generally speaking; One 30 cubic metres water cellar can be collected the rainwater of 40-45 cubic meter in the normal time; Annual precipitation in the arid and semi-arid district is the 250-350 millimeter; Then each family need build the clay compacting gathering surface of 2 water cellars and 446.8-625.5 square metre at least, i.e. the 2-3 that the present invention designed clay tamped gathering surface.
Frequency of irrigation of the various crops in table 2 Gansu and Ningxia two provinces (autonomous region) and irrigating water quota (according to rural water conservancy department of Ministry of Water Resources, 1999)
Table 3 human livestock drinking water quota (according to rural water conservancy department of Ministry of Water Resources, 1999)
The intermediate zone in the arid and semi-arid district; Invalid precipitation large percentage; The average for many years rainy days more than or equal to 10 millimeters only has 6-10 time/year; Account for the 8-15% of annual rainy days; Therefore will collect more rainwater just needs will increase afflux district area or adopt critical runoff producing rain amount materials with smaller as gathering surface, considers the factor of aspects such as material cost, preparation method, critical runoff producing rain amount, water quality, and clay compacting gathering surface is the gathering surface processing mode that has promotion potential in the arid and semi-arid district intermediate zone soil property gathering surface.
The above; Be merely the preferable specific embodiment of the present invention, but protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, anyly is familiar with this technological people in the technical scope that the present invention disclosed; The variation that can expect easily or replacement all should be encompassed within protection scope of the present invention.Therefore, protection scope of the present invention should be as the criterion with the protection domain of claim.
Claims (10)
1. a rainwater collection method is characterized in that, may further comprise the steps:
A, be 10 to spend to the natural slope of 15 degree, process 5 meters of lengths of grade, wide 60 meters clay compacting gathering surface in the arid and semi-arid district intermediate zone gradient;
B, around clay compacting gathering surface, be built into high 15 centimetres, wide 20 centimetres cement brick enclosure wall, in order to reduce the side direction runoff;
C, use 3 to be that the water pipe of the front end band filter screen at interval connects clay and tamps the grit chamber that builds below the gathering surface with 12 meters in clay compacting gathering surface lower edge;
D, rainwater is built grit chamber and is linked into covering the water cellar of next door from having with the water pipe of front end band filter screen and floating drum.
2. a kind of rainwater collection method according to claim 1; It is characterized in that, in the steps A, adopt admaic earth, thin cotton sand and the loess of arid and semi-arid district intermediate zone; Ratio with 1 to 1 to 1 is fully mixed and is mixed thoroughly; It is 10 to spend to the natural slope of 15 degree that the shop is sprinkled upon the gradient, and watering is compacting also, processes clay compacting gathering surface.
3. a kind of rainwater collection method according to claim 1; It is characterized in that; When building 3 clays compacting gathering surfaces, 2 and covering grit chamber and 2 and cover water cellar; Wherein 2 clays compacting gathering surface cover grit chamber and 1 and covers water cellar and dispose according to corresponding 1 of 1 clay compacting gathering surface; The 3rd clay compacting gathering surface sentenced 10 meters for the water pipe of 4 front end band filter screens is installed at interval successively in lower edge, and wherein 2 water pipes are connected to the 1st and build grit chamber, and other 2 water pipes are connected to the 2nd and build grit chamber.
4. rainwater collecting device; It is characterized in that, comprising: 5 meters of lengths of grade, wide 60 meters clay are tamped gathering surface, high 15 centimetres, wide 20 centimetres cement brick enclosure wall; Build grit chamber; Cover water cellar, it is 10 to spend to the natural slope of 15 degree that the water pipe of front end band filter screen and the water pipe of front end band filter screen and floating drum, its medium clay soil compacting gathering surface are positioned at the arid and semi-arid district intermediate zone gradient; The cement brick enclosure wall is positioned at around the clay compacting gathering surface; 3 is the water pipe one end connection clay compacting gathering surface lower edge of the front end band filter screen at interval with 12 meters, and an end connects the grit chamber that builds of clay compacting gathering surface below; Water pipe one end of front end band filter screen and floating drum is connected with and builds grit chamber, and an end is connected with and covers water cellar.
5. a kind of rainwater collecting device according to claim 4 is characterized in that, the thickness of clay compacting gathering surface is 8 centimetres.
6. a kind of rainwater collecting device according to claim 4 is characterized in that: the water pipe of front end band filter screen, and its filter screen is processed with the antirust and nontoxic alloy material of lightweight, and 0.1 millimeter in aperture is nested in water pipe front end water inlet; Water pipe is processed with nontoxic and durable plastics, and 3 to 7 centimetres of diameters are imbedded underground 100 to 150 centimetres.
7. a kind of rainwater collecting device according to claim 4 is characterized in that: the water pipe of front end band filter screen and floating drum, and its filter screen is processed with the antirust and nontoxic alloy material of lightweight, and 0.1 millimeter in aperture is nested in water pipe front end water inlet; Floating drum is processed with antiultraviolet and nontoxic plastics, and floating drum is vacuum and becomes spherical that ball centre part hollow is nested in the water pipe leading portion near the water inlet; Water pipe is processed with nontoxic and durable plastics, and 3 to 7 centimetres of diameters are imbedded underground 100 to 150 centimetres.
8. a kind of rainwater collecting device according to claim 4 is characterized in that, grit chamber be 1 meter square, the inwall of grit chamber forms with concreting, inner wall thickness is 4 to 8 centimetres, the lid of grit chamber is bound with plank or with stalk.
9. a kind of rainwater collecting device according to claim 4 is characterized in that the water cellar volume is 30 cubic metres; Be shaped as little vase-shaped of the big neck of tripe; The inwall of water cellar forms with concreting, and inner wall thickness is 4 to 8 centimetres, and the lid of water cellar is bound with plank or with stalk.
10. a kind of rainwater collecting device according to claim 4; It is characterized in that; Comprise that 3 clays compacting gathering surfaces, 2 cover grit chamber and 2 and cover water cellar; 2 clays compacting gathering surface cover grit chamber and 1 and covers water cellar and dispose according to corresponding 1 of 1 clay compacting gathering surface; The 3rd clay compacting gathering surface sentenced 10 meters for the water pipe of 4 front end band filter screens is installed at interval successively in lower edge, and wherein 2 water pipes are connected to the 1st and build grit chamber, and other 2 water pipes are connected to the 2nd and build grit chamber.
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