CN101715721A - Method for preparing soil-less culture substrate with agriculture and forestry organic waste material and soil-less culture substrate - Google Patents
Method for preparing soil-less culture substrate with agriculture and forestry organic waste material and soil-less culture substrate Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for preparing a soil-less culture substrate with agriculture and forestry organic waste material and the soil-less culture substrate. The method comprises the step of secondarily pyrolysing the agriculture and forestry organic waste material and collecting solid products to obtain the culture substrate, wherein the temperature of the secondary pyrolysis is higher than that of a first pyrolysis. The preparation method has simple technology, convenient operation, high product yield, can prepare the soil-less culture substrate with good permeability and good physiochemical performance index which reaches the requirement of the soil-less culture substrate, can provide good and stable substrate environment for plants, and is suitable for plant cultivation.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of method of utilizing of agricultural organic waste, particularly a kind of agricultural organic waste that utilizes prepares the method for cultivation matrix and the cultivation matrix of preparation.
Background technology
In the modern garden production process, in the production processes such as cultivation matrix has been widely used in that flower plants and nursery stock growing nursery and culture, lawn are cultivated, economic forest is grown seedlings, soil melioration and fertilizer manufacturing, and along with expanding economy, the scale of modern garden industry also enlarges rapidly, thereby causes the dependence and the demand of matrix are also grown with each passing day.The matrix raw materials for production mainly are divided into organic matter and inorganic matter two classes, wherein produce in the required cultivation matrix in China's farming, woods, flower industry, are the substrate products produced of raw material dominate all the time with peat.
Peat claims the peat composed of rotten mosses, peat soil, black earth, mud coal again, be the plant remains of ancient times low temperature, wetland, be buried under the ground accumulation through tens million of years, lower at temperature, rainwater is less or lack under the conditions of air, plant residue slowly decomposes and the special organic matter that forms.Because of containing a large amount of organic matters, loose, the air-and water-permeable performance is good, and the preserve moisture and fertility ability is strong, and quality is light, disease-free spore and worm's ovum, therefore be widely used, still, the general nutrition of peat growing medium is single, the growth that is difficult to seedling provides necessary nutritive element, cause grow seedlings and the cultivation process in cause that the plant germination rate is low, the difficulty of taking root, survival rate be low.In addition, also there is physical instability in peat growing medium, and water imbibition is poor, defective such as in use subside easily.
Publication number be CN 101548639A disclosure of the Invention a kind of flower cultivation matrix, be that the peat of 1-3mm and perlite mix and make the matrix major ingredient with particle diameter, in major ingredient, spray bactericide; In addition, again to wherein adding the water supply in media conditioner, the pH value that then adds pH regulator agent adjustment matrix adds nutrition then and starts agent to 6-7, mixes and makes cultivation matrix.This matrix physical property is stable, and water imbibition is strong, and voidage increases, and the matrix rate of subsiding is low, thereby has prevented subsiding of peat effectively.
At present China's relevant industries to cultivation matrix year total demand about 1,000 ten thousand m
3About, market demand is very big, and also in cumulative year after year, but peat has been on the verge of exhaustion as a kind of non-renewable resources, and the alternative base starting material of seeking peat is extremely urgent, and the agricultural organic waste is exactly the desirable substitution material of a class.
The agricultural organic waste is farming, woods, herd, each industry of fishing, the discarded object that produces in production and processing and the peasant's daily life process, mainly based on stalk, leaf, weeds and wood chip etc., also comprise corresponding grain processing plant, brewery, the offcuts of agricultural byproducts processing factory, process residues, as chaff skin, wheat bran, poor slag, corncob, beanpod, peanut shell, cotton seed hulls etc.As large agricultural country, can produce the abundant agriculture and forestry organic waste material of a large amount of kinds in China's agriculture and forestry production process, along with the continuous expansion of city's green areas, the branches and leaves amount that produces is pruned in city trees and shrubs plant litter and afforestation also will cumulative year after year simultaneously.These agriculture and forestry organic waste materials are often arbitrarily thrown aside in agriculture and forestry are produced or are only carried out simple backfill burning disposal, have caused the significant wastage of resource, are unfavorable for the sustainable sound development of China's agriculture and forestry.
The chemical composition more complicated of agricultural organic waste, the discarded object that only passes through simple process (as compost treatment) is bigger to the plant growing influence as plant growth medium, for example: a part contains easily by the microbial decomposition material (as the monose in the carbohydrate, disaccharide, starch, hemicellulose and cellulose, and organic acid etc.) organic waste is (as fresh wheat bran, the fresh corn core, the grass bits, branch, leaf etc.), the use initial stage is because microbial activities, cause that strong biochemistry changes, have a strong impact on the balance of nutrient component, be apparent that the famine that causes nitrogen most.Therefore, need carry out advanced treating to the agricultural organic waste.In addition, of a great variety, the enormous amount, widely distributed, cheap and easy to get of agricultural organic waste, therefore, utilize the industrial or agricultural organic waste to synthesize the peat substitute, both turned waste into wealth, energy savings has reduced environmental pollution again, the utilization of agricultural organic waste has been become the selection direction and the research focus of present soilless culture substrate.
Publication number is that the patent application of CN 100998306A discloses a kind of soilless culture substrate and preparation method thereof, bagasse 10-20, coconut palm slag 10-20, plant straw 20-30 and walnut shell 10-30 are mixed with perlite 10-15, diatomite 5-15, after pulverizing, ferment, sterilizing, make required matrix, add adhesive 2-15, blowing agent 1-5 and vulcanizing agent 0.5-3.5 again, further be processed as the preformed matrix of arbitrary shape.Added perlite in this soilless culture substrate, though improved the transparent performance of cultivation matrix, improved aeration porosity, but perlite is the same with peat, belongs to non-renewable resources, in addition, this cultivation matrix need add diatomite as adhesive, and the material component complexity, and quality is wayward, cost is higher, causes damage because of character is unstable easily in the soilless culture production process.
At present, China to the performance indications of soilless culture substrate with Guo Shirong " soilless culture " (Chinese agriculture publishing house, 2004,135-143) requirement of the soilless culture solid matrix in is a foundation, wherein: unit weight 0.1～0.8g/cm
3Total porosity 54%～96%; Size void ratio 1: 2～4; PH6.5～7.0; EC value 0.5～1.2mS/cm.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is provides a kind of agricultural organic waste that utilizes to prepare the method for soilless culture substrate and the soilless culture substrate of preparation at the problem that above-mentioned prior art exists, the inventive method has been developed the new purposes of agricultural organic wastes, and preparation method's technology of soilless culture substrate is simple, easy to operate, product yield height, the soilless culture substrate chemical property of preparation is stable, the soda acid appropriateness, permeability is good, physical and chemical index all reaches the requirement of soilless culture substrate, can be suitable for cultivation of plants for plant provides good stable matrix environment.
For realizing purpose of the present invention, one aspect of the present invention provides a kind of method of utilizing agriculture and forestry organic waste material to prepare soilless culture substrate, comprises agriculture and forestry organic waste material is carried out pyrolysis processing twice, collects solid product and must cultivate matrix.
Wherein, the temperature of pyrolysis processing is higher than pyrolysis processing temperature for the first time for the second time.
Particularly, described first time, the temperature of pyrolysis processing was 130-180 ℃, and the processing time is 10-20min; Described second time pyrolysis processing temperature 〉=190 ℃, the processing time is 10-20min.
Especially, described first time, the pyrolysis processing temperature was preferably 150-160 ℃; The pyrolysis processing temperature is preferably 190-400 ℃ for the second time.
Wherein, control oxygen volumn concentration≤10% in the described pyrolysis processing process.
Particularly, in the described first time pyrolysis processing process, the oxygen volumn concentration is preferably 7-10%; The oxygen volumn concentration is preferably 4-6% in the pyrolytic process for the second time.
Wherein, described agriculture and forestry organic waste material is farming, woods, herd, each industry of fishing, the discarded object that produces in production, processing and the daily life process.
Particularly, described agriculture and forestry organic waste material selects that wheat straw, reed, Sunflower Stalk, cogongrass stem, grass bits, flower lose, fallen leaves, rice straw, corncob, maize straw, peach-pit, almond, plum pit, peanut shell, sunflower seed shell, cotton seed hulls, oil-tea camellia husks, one or more in coconut palm chaff, coconut husk, branch, the bark.
Particularly, described agriculture and forestry organic waste material also comprises grain processing plant, brewery, the offcuts of agricultural byproducts processing factory, process residues, as chaff skin, wheat bran, poor slag, corncob, beanpod, peanut shell, cotton seed hulls etc.
Especially, described agriculture and forestry organic waste material wheat straw, reed, Sunflower Stalk, cogongrass stem, grass bits, flower lose, lignin quality percentage composition≤15% of fallen leaves, rice straw etc.; Corncob, maize straw, peach-pit, almond, plum pit, peanut shell, sunflower seed shell, cotton seed hulls, oil-tea camellia husks, the lignin quality percentage composition of coconut palm chaff, coconut husk etc. is 16-33%; Lignin quality percentage composition 〉=34% of branch, bark etc.
Particularly, also be included in carry out pyrolysis processing before, the agricultural organic waste is dried processing, dry to moisture content≤10%.
Particularly, also comprise with moisture content being that the agricultural organic waste of 15-20% is pulverized to make and carried out described oven dry behind the discarded object particle that diameter is 10-20mm and handle.
Wherein, also comprise the discarded object particle after the second time pyrolysis processing is immersed in the water, carry out desalting processing, wherein the ratio of the discarded object particle after the pyrolysis processing and the volume of water is 1 for the second time: 2-3.
Especially, 1-3 hour desalting processing time, be preferably 2 hours.
Particularly, the discarded object particle drying after the desalting processing to moisture content is 15-20%, promptly gets soilless culture substrate.
Wherein, if adopt agriculture and forestry organic waste materials such as wheat straw, reed, Sunflower Stalk, cogongrass stem, grass bits, the flower of lignin quality percentage composition≤15% lose, fallen leaves, rice straw, then pyrolysis temperature is preferably 190-220 ℃ for the second time; If adopt corncob, the maize straw of lignin quality percentage composition scope at 16-33%, peach-pit, almond, plum pit, peanut shell, sunflower seed shell, cotton seed hulls, oil-tea camellia husks, agriculture and forestry organic waste materials such as coconut palm chaff, coconut husk, then pyrolysis temperature is preferably 220-300 ℃ for the second time; If adopt lignin quality percentage composition 〉=34% agriculture and forestry organic waste material such as branch, bark for the second time pyrolysis temperature be preferably 300-400 ℃.
Particularly, the discarded object after the oven dry is placed container, heat temperature raising is also controlled oxygen content in the container and is carried out described first time of pyrolysis processing; Discarded object particle after the described first time pyrolysis processing is placed closed container, and heat temperature raising is also controlled oxygen concentration in the container and is carried out described second time of pyrolysis processing.
Wherein, oxygen content≤10% in the control container.
Another aspect of the invention provides a kind of soilless culture substrate that is prepared from according to above-mentioned either party's method.
The method of utilizing of agricultural organic waste of the present invention has the following advantages:
1, the inventive method adopts the agricultural organic waste is carried out pyrolysis; the preparation soilless culture substrate; the utilization ratio of having broken the agricultural organic wastes is lower; the present situation that does not have the application of other any high added values; overcome the waste disposal difficulty, caused On Situation of Environmental Disruption, increased the surcharge of agriculture and forestry organic waste material; utilize resources synthetically is beneficial to environmental protection.
2, the soilless culture substrate of the inventive method preparation has solved plant cultivation process mesostroma and has been overly dependent upon peat, a high difficult problem and the exhausted day by day predicament of peat resource of matrix production cost.
3, the cultivation matrix physico chemical property of the inventive method preparation are stable, acid-base value moderate (pH6.55～7.14), and electrical conductivity is 0.39-0.91mS/cm, dry density is 0.106-0.179g/cm
3, wet density is 0.492-0.645g/cm
3, total porosity is 76.5-93.4%, and big or small void ratio is 1.0-1.7, and the cultivation matrix of preparation is loose, and permeability is good, and venting capability is good, and the physical and chemical performance index meets the requirement of gardening plant suitable growth, is suitable for cultivation of plants.
4, the soilless culture solid matrix of the present invention's preparation has facilitation to plant growing, and the plant hat width of cloth is big, the plant height, the number of blooming is many, spends greatly the scape height, plant biomass accumulation height, the soilless culture solid matrix of the present invention's preparation meets or exceeds the quality of peat growing medium.
5, preparation method's technology of the present invention is simple, easy to operate, product yield height, controllable product quality, the physical and chemical index of the soilless culture substrate of preparation near in addition have be better than peat growing medium, satisfy the requirement of soilless culture substrate.
The specific embodiment mode
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment, further set forth the present invention.Be not used in but these embodiment only limit to the present invention is described and limit the scope of the invention.
Embodiment 1
1, get the raw materials ready:
With the agriculture and forestry organic waste material leaf air-dry be that pulverize 15% back to moisture content, adopt comminutor (Beijing many meanings Dragon Lords machinery Co., Ltds) to be pressed into the leaf particle of diameter 10-20mm then.
2, oven dry is handled:
Open carbonizer (Beijing many meanings Dragon Lords machinery Co., Ltds, SL-II type), heat temperature raising to 100 ℃ adds the leaf particle of preparation then, is to dry processing under 100 ℃ in temperature, obtains moisture content and be 10% particle;
3, pyrolysis processing for the first time:
Continue heating, make the temperature rising in the carbonizer and be maintained 150 ℃, the oxygen volumn concentration of controlling simultaneously in the carbonizer is 10%, carries out the pyrolysis processing first time under the described conditions, and wherein the pyrolysis processing time is 20min.
4, pyrolysis processing for the second time:
Continue heating, make the temperature rising in the carbonizer and be maintained 190 ℃, the oxygen volumn concentration of controlling simultaneously in the carbonizer is 5%, carries out the pyrolysis processing second time under the described conditions, and wherein the time of pyrolysis processing is 10min.
5, desalting processing
Stop heating, the leaf particle after the taking-up pyrolysis processing second time is soaked in the water, carries out desalting processing, and wherein soak time is 2h, and water is 2: 1 with the ratio of the volume of leaf particle.
6, drying
After the leaf particle was pulled out after the desalting processing, natural air drying to moisture content was 20% under room temperature (25 ℃), promptly.
The performance indications of the soilless culture substrate of preparation detect as follows:
Dry density, wet density, water absorption rate, total porosity, ventilating slit, water holding hole, big or small void ratio adopt following method to measure, and concrete determination step is as follows:
Get in advance one by one that water measures the 100ml volume and the 150ml beaker of the back oven dry that makes marks, the beaker initial weight w that attaches most importance to
0, then adding the air-dry cultivation matrix raw material of present embodiment preparation and weigh, weight is w
1, irrigate matrix according to a small amount of sprinkling method repeatedly then, have moisture film to occur to stromal surface till, and allow it fully soak to spend the night, observe stromal surface again and whether still have moisture film next day, if do not have, then need rewater, till the moisture film appearance arranged, (w simultaneously weighed
2), (w again weighs after at last the moisture in the beaker freely being drained
3), calculate as follows:
Dry density (g/cm
3)=(w
1-w
0)/100
Wet density (g/cm
3)=(w
2-w
0)/100
Water absorption rate (%)=(w
3-w
1)/(w
1-w
0) * 100%
Total porosity (%)=(w
2-w
1)/100 * 100%
Ventilating slit (%)=(w
2-w
3)/100 * 100%
Water holding hole (%)=total porosity-ventilating slit
Size void ratio=ventilating slit/water holding hole
Adopt pH meter and conductivity gauge to measure base starting material pH value, EC value
Adopt the total humus in the potassium bichromate titrimetric method mensuration base starting material, concrete assay method is as follows: cook extractant with the sodium pyrophosphate alkaline solution, the humus of the base starting material that lixiviate goes out, can be in strongly acidic solution by potassium dichromate oxidation, according to the consumption of potassium bichromate, calculate the content of humus.
Nitrogen adopts Kjeldahl to measure; Phosphorus H
2SO
4-H
2O
2Method disappears and boils, and molybdenum antimony resistance colorimetric method is measured; Potassium adopts H
2SO
4-H
2O
2Method disappears and boils, and flare photometer is measured; Use AA-7000 type atomic absorption measuring Ca, Mg, Fe, Zn, Mn ion.
The performance indications testing result of soilless culture substrate is shown in table 1,2,3.
Embodiment 2
1, get the raw materials ready:
With mixed farming thing stalk (wheat straw, Sunflower Stalk and rice straw) air-dry be that pulverize 20% back to moisture content, adopt comminutor to be pressed into the hybrid particles that diameter is 10mm then.
2, oven dry is handled:
Open carbonizer, heat temperature raising to 105 ℃ adds the hybrid particles of preparation then, is to dry processing under 105 ℃ in temperature, obtains moisture content and be 8% particle;
3, pyrolysis processing for the first time:
Continue heating, make the temperature rising in the carbonizer and be maintained 130 ℃, the oxygen volumn concentration of controlling simultaneously in the carbonizer is 8%, carries out the pyrolysis processing first time under the described conditions, and wherein the pyrolysis processing time is 15min.
4, pyrolysis processing for the second time:
Continue heating, make the temperature rising in the carbonizer and be maintained 220 ℃, the oxygen volumn concentration of controlling simultaneously in the carbonizer is 4%, carries out the pyrolysis processing second time under the described conditions, and wherein the time of pyrolysis processing is 15min.
5, cooling:
Stop heating, take out the mixed-matrix particle after handling, be cooled to room temperature, promptly.
The performance indications testing result of the soilless culture substrate of preparation is shown in table 1,2,3.
Embodiment 3
1, get the raw materials ready:
With the agricultural crop straw wheat straw air-dry be that pulverize 15% back to moisture content, adopt comminutor to be pressed into the hybrid particles that diameter is 15-20mm then.
2, oven dry is handled:
Open carbonizer, heat temperature raising to 105 ℃ adds the hybrid particles of preparation then, is to dry processing under 110 ℃ in temperature, obtains moisture content and be 9% particle;
3, pyrolysis processing for the first time:
Continue heating, make the temperature rising in the carbonizer and be maintained 160 ℃, the oxygen volumn concentration of controlling simultaneously in the carbonizer is 7%, carries out the pyrolysis processing first time under the described conditions, and wherein the pyrolysis processing time is 20min.
4, pyrolysis processing for the second time:
Continue heating, make the temperature rising in the carbonizer and be maintained 200 ℃, the oxygen volumn concentration of controlling simultaneously in the carbonizer is 6%, carries out the pyrolysis processing second time under the described conditions, and wherein the time of pyrolysis processing is 10min.
5, desalting processing
Stop heating, be soaked in the water behind the hybrid particles after the taking-up pyrolysis processing second time, carry out desalting processing, wherein soak time is 2h, and water is 2: 1 with the ratio of the volume of hybrid particles.
6, drying
After hybrid particles is pulled out after the desalting processing, room temperature (20 ℃) down air-dry to moisture content be 15%, promptly.
The performance indications testing result of the soilless culture substrate of preparation is shown in table 1,2,3.
Embodiment 4
1, get the raw materials ready:
Losing mixed waste reed, cogongrass stem, grass bits and flower air-dry is that pulverize 18% back to moisture content, adopts comminutor to be pressed into the hybrid particles that diameter is 10-15mm then.
2, oven dry is handled:
Open carbonizer, heat temperature raising to 105 ℃ adds the hybrid particles of preparation then, is to dry processing under 105 ℃ in temperature, obtains moisture content and be 9% particle;
3, pyrolysis processing for the first time:
Continue heating, make the temperature rising in the carbonizer and be maintained 150 ℃, the oxygen volumn concentration of controlling simultaneously in the carbonizer is 9%, carries out the pyrolysis processing first time under the described conditions, and wherein the pyrolysis processing time is 20min.
4, pyrolysis processing for the second time:
Continue heating, make the temperature rising in the carbonizer and be maintained 210 ℃, the oxygen volumn concentration of controlling simultaneously in the carbonizer is 5%, carries out the pyrolysis processing second time under the described conditions, and wherein the time of pyrolysis processing is 10min.
5, desalting processing
Stop heating, be soaked in the water behind the hybrid particles after the taking-up pyrolysis processing second time, carry out desalting processing, wherein soak time is 1h, and water is 3: 1 with the ratio of the volume of hybrid particles.
6, drying
After hybrid particles is pulled out after the desalting processing, room temperature (20 ℃) down air-dry to moisture content be 15%, promptly.
The performance indications testing result of the soilless culture substrate of preparation is shown in table 1,2,3.
Embodiment 5
1, get the raw materials ready:
With corncob air-dry be the particle that is ground into diameter 10mm after 15% to moisture content.
2, oven dry is handled:
Opening carbonizer, be heated to 100 ℃, add the corn cob granule of preparation then, is to dry processing under 100 ℃ in temperature, and the acquisition moisture content is 10% corn cob granule;
3, pyrolysis processing for the first time:
Continue heating, make the temperature rising in the carbonizer and be maintained 180 ℃, the oxygen volumn concentration of controlling simultaneously in the carbonizer is 10%, carries out the pyrolysis processing first time under the described conditions, and wherein the pyrolysis processing time is 15min.
4, pyrolysis processing for the second time:
Continue heating, make the temperature rising in the carbonizer and be maintained 260 ℃, the oxygen volumn concentration of controlling simultaneously in the carbonizer is 4%, carries out the pyrolysis processing second time under the described conditions, and wherein the time of pyrolysis processing is 15min.
5, cooling:
Stop heating, the corncob matrix granule after the taking-up pyrolysis processing second time is cooled to room temperature, promptly.
The performance indications testing result of the soilless culture substrate of preparation is shown in table 1,2,3.
Embodiment 6
1, get the raw materials ready:
It is that pulverize 16% back that fruit stone mixture peach-pit, almond and plum pit are dried to moisture content, adopts comminutor to be pressed into the hybrid particles that diameter is 20mm then.
2, oven dry is handled:
Opening carbonizer, be heated to 105 ℃, add the mixing fruit stone particle of preparation then, is to dry processing under 150 ℃ in temperature, and the acquisition moisture content is 5% particle;
3, pyrolysis processing for the first time:
Continue heating, make the temperature rising in the carbonizer and be maintained 130 ℃, the oxygen volumn concentration of controlling simultaneously in the carbonizer is 9%, carries out the pyrolysis processing first time under the described conditions, and wherein the pyrolysis processing time is 10min.
4, pyrolysis processing for the second time:
Continue heating, make the temperature rising in the carbonizer and be maintained 300 ℃, the oxygen volumn concentration of controlling simultaneously in the carbonizer is 5%, carries out the pyrolysis processing second time under the described conditions, and wherein the time of pyrolysis processing is 12min.
5, cooling:
Stop heating, the mixing fruit stone particle after the taking-up pyrolysis processing second time is cooled to room temperature, promptly.
The performance indications testing result of the soilless culture substrate of preparation is shown in table 1,2,3.
Embodiment 7
1, get the raw materials ready:
To mix that shell peanut shell, sunflower seed shell, cotton seed hulls and oil-tea camellia husks dry to moisture content is that pulverize 20% back, adopts comminutor to be pressed into the hybrid particles that diameter is 10-15mm then.
2, oven dry is handled:
Opening carbonizer, be heated to 110 ℃, add the mixing shell particle of preparation then, is to dry processing under 110 ℃ in temperature, and the acquisition moisture content is 8% particle;
3, pyrolysis processing for the first time:
Continue heating, make the temperature rising in the carbonizer and be maintained 150 ℃, the oxygen volumn concentration of controlling simultaneously in the carbonizer is 10%, carries out the pyrolysis processing first time under the described conditions, and wherein the pyrolysis processing time is 18min.
4, pyrolysis processing for the second time:
Continue heating, make the temperature rising in the carbonizer and be maintained 220 ℃, the oxygen volumn concentration of controlling simultaneously in the carbonizer is 4%, carries out the pyrolysis processing second time under the described conditions, and wherein the time of pyrolysis processing is 10min.
5, desalting processing
Stop heating, take out and mix the shell particle, be soaked in the water, carry out desalting processing, wherein soak time is 3h, and water is 2.5: 1 with the ratio of the volume of mixed-matrix particle.
6, drying
Mixing shell particle after the desalination is pulled out, and natural air drying to moisture content is 18% under room temperature (25 ℃), promptly.
The performance indications testing result of the soilless culture substrate of preparation is shown in table 1,2,3.
Embodiment 8
1, get the raw materials ready:
With moisture content is after the mixed waste of 15% coconut palm chaff and coconut husk is pulverized, to adopt comminutor to be pressed into the hybrid particles that diameter is 15-20mm.
2, oven dry is handled:
Opening carbonizer, be heated to 100 ℃, add the hybrid particles of preparation then, is to dry processing under 100 ℃ in temperature, and the acquisition moisture content is 7% particle;
3, pyrolysis processing for the first time:
Continue heating, make the temperature rising in the carbonizer and be maintained 160 ℃, the oxygen volumn concentration of controlling simultaneously in the carbonizer is 9%, carries out the pyrolysis processing first time under the described conditions, and wherein the pyrolysis processing time is 10min.
4, pyrolysis processing for the second time:
Continue heating, make the temperature rising in the carbonizer and be maintained 300 ℃, the oxygen volumn concentration of controlling simultaneously in the carbonizer is 5%, carries out the pyrolysis processing second time under the described conditions, and wherein the time of pyrolysis processing is 15min.
5, cooling:
Stop heating, the mixed-matrix particle after the taking-up pyrolysis processing second time is cooled to room temperature, promptly.
The performance indications testing result of the soilless culture substrate of preparation is shown in table 1,2,3.
Embodiment 9
1, get the raw materials ready:
With air-dry be that 18% withered branch is pulverized the back and adopted comminutor to be pressed into the particle of diameter 10-15mm to moisture content.
2, oven dry is handled:
Opening carbonizer, be heated to 105 ℃, add the branch particle of preparation then, is to dry processing under 105 ℃ in temperature, and the acquisition moisture content is 10% particle;
3, pyrolysis processing for the first time:
Continue heating, make the temperature rising in the carbonizer and be maintained 150 ℃, the oxygen volumn concentration of controlling simultaneously in the carbonizer is 10%, carries out the pyrolysis processing first time under the described conditions, and wherein the pyrolysis processing time is 10min.
4, pyrolysis processing for the second time:
Continue heating, make the temperature rising in the carbonizer and be maintained 400 ℃, the oxygen volumn concentration of controlling simultaneously in the carbonizer is 4%, carries out the pyrolysis processing second time under the described conditions, and wherein the time of pyrolysis processing is 20min.
5, desalting processing
Stop heating, the withered branch particle after the taking-up pyrolysis for the second time is soaked in the water, carries out desalting processing, and wherein soak time is 3h, and water is 3: 1 with the ratio of the volume of deadwood particle.
6, drying
After withered branch particle was pulled out after the desalting processing, natural air drying to moisture content was 15% under room temperature (25 ℃),
Promptly.
The performance indications testing result of the soilless culture substrate of preparation is shown in table 1,2,3.
Embodiment 10
1, get the raw materials ready:
With moisture content is that the mixed waste of 20% withered branch and bark is pulverized the back and adopted comminutor to be pressed into the hybrid particles that diameter is 20mm.
2, oven dry is handled:
Opening carbonizer, be heated to 110 ℃, add the hybrid particles of preparation then, is to dry processing under 110 ℃ in temperature, and the acquisition moisture content is 8% hybrid particles;
3, pyrolysis processing for the first time:
Continue heating, make the temperature rising in the carbonizer and be maintained 160 ℃, the oxygen volumn concentration of controlling simultaneously in the carbonizer is 8%, carries out the pyrolysis processing first time under the described conditions, and wherein the pyrolysis processing time is 15min.
4, pyrolysis processing for the second time:
Continue heating, make the temperature rising in the carbonizer and be maintained 300 ℃, the oxygen volumn concentration of controlling simultaneously in the carbonizer is 5%, carries out the pyrolysis processing second time under the described conditions, and wherein the time of pyrolysis processing is 20min.
5, desalting processing
Stop heating, the hybrid particles after the taking-up pyrolysis processing second time is soaked in the water, carries out desalting processing, and wherein soak time is 3h, and water is 2.5: 1 with the ratio of the volume of mixed-matrix particle.
6, drying
After hybrid particles was pulled out after the desalting processing, natural air drying to moisture content was 15% under room temperature (20 ℃), promptly.
The performance indications testing result of the soilless culture substrate of preparation is shown in table 1,2,3.
Reference examples
With Denmark Pin Shi (Pindstrup) peat is contrast.The matrix unit weight of reference examples matrix, water absorption rate, porosity, pH value, EC value, total content of humic acid, N, P, K and other metal element contents are measured as described in example 1 above method and are carried out.Testing result is shown in table 1,2,3.
The basic physical behavior of table 1 cultivation matrix
| Dry density g/cm 3 | Wet density g/cm 3 | Total porosity % | Water holding hole % | Ventilating slit % | The size void ratio | Water absorption rate % | |
| Embodiment 1 | ??0.133 | ??0.481 | ??77.0 | ??34.8 | ??42.2 | ??1.3 | ??261.7 |
| Embodiment 2 | ??0.106 | ??0.501 | ??76.5 | ??38.1 | ??42.4 | ??1.1 | ??372.6 |
| Embodiment 3 | ??0.179 | ??0.588 | ??87.9 | ??43.2 | ??44.7 | ??1.0 | ??228.5 |
| Embodiment 4 | ??0.115 | ??0.492 | ??84.6 | ??37.7 | ??46.9 | ??1.3 | ??327.8 |
| Embodiment 5 | ??0.108 | ??0.499 | ??84.1 | ??39.1 | ??45.1 | ??1.2 | ??362.0 |
| Embodiment 6 | ??0.174 | ??0.557 | ??93.4 | ??37.7 | ??55.7 | ??1.5 | ??220.1 |
| Embodiment 7 | ??0.117 | ??0.568 | ??88.7 | ??43.9 | ??44.8 | ??1.0 | ??385.5 |
| Embodiment 8 | ??0.127 | ??0.645 | ??87.8 | ??51.9 | ??35.9 | ??0.7 | ??407.9 |
| Embodiment 9 | ??0.167 | ??0.589 | ??92.0 | ??32.8 | ??59.2 | ??1.7 | ??252.7 |
| Embodiment 10 | ??0.163 | ??0.579 | ??91.5 | ??34.9 | ??56.6 | ??1.6 | ??255.2 |
| Reference examples | ??0.099 | ??0.526 | ??96.0 | ??52.7 | ??43.3 | ??0.8 | ??431.3 |
Testing result in the table 1 shows:
1, the dry density of the soilless culture substrate of the present invention's preparation is 0.106-0.179g/cm
3, wet density is 0.481-0.589g/cm
3, meet the cultivation matrix unit weight (0.1～0.8g/cm of plant growing
3) requirement, suitable with the unit weight of reference examples peat growing medium, show that cultivation matrix of the present invention is loose, permeability is good, and fixing plant performance is good;
2, the total porosity of the soilless culture substrate of the present invention's preparation is 76.5-93.4%, and big or small void ratio is 0.7-1.7, shows the air capacity of soils and the good water-retaining property of soilless culture substrate of the present invention; The water absorption rate of matrix of the present invention is 220.1-407.9, the water absorbing capacity that soilless culture substrate of the present invention is described is strong, all but sticking is equivalent to the about 2.2-4 of the own wt water yield doubly, can be plant sufficient moisture condition is provided, and can reduce the number of times that waters, using water wisely, streamlining management measure, the especially plant of suitable cultivation meat rhizome;
3, performance indications such as the air capacity of soils of the soilless culture substrate of the present invention's preparation, moisture capacity, unit weight, big or small void ratio all meet the requirement of plant growth medium, and the peat growing medium that its physico chemical property all approach even are better than contrasting satisfies the requirement of soilless culture solid matrix.
The pH value of table 2 cultivation matrix, EC value and total content of humic acid
| ??pH | ??EC(mS/cm) | Total humus (%) | |
| Embodiment 1 | ??7.12 | ??0.42 | ??6.16 |
| Embodiment 2 | ??6.77 | ??0.58 | ??8.85 |
| Embodiment 3 | ??6.97 | ??0.55 | ??10.41 |
| Embodiment 4 | ??6.87 | ??0.42 | ??8.54 |
| Embodiment 5 | ??6.70 | ??0.39 | ??8.84 |
| Embodiment 6 | ??7.14 | ??0.71 | ??8.47 |
| Embodiment 7 | ??7.03 | ??0.82 | ??11.78 |
| Embodiment 8 | ??6.55 | ??0.43 | ??6.58 |
| Embodiment 9 | ??6.98 | ??0.91 | ??9.57 |
| Embodiment 10 | ??6.94 | ??0.89 | ??10.58 |
| Reference examples | ??6.32 | ??0.29 | ??21.84 |
N, P, K and other metal element contents in table 3 cultivation matrix
| ??N??(g/kg) | ??P??(g/kg) | ??K??(g/kg) | ??Ca??(g/kg) | ??Mg??(g/kg) | ??Zn??(mg/kg) | ??Fe??(mg/kg) | ??Mn??(mg/kg) | |
| Embodiment 1 | ??0.157 | ??0.087 | ??0.024 | ??0.086 | ??0.069 | ??178.12 | ??219.56 | ??137.93 |
| Embodiment 2 | ??0.144 | ??0.076 | ??0.056 | ??0.042 | ??0.069 | ??299.23 | ??227.58 | ??125.86 |
| Embodiment 3 | ??0.095 | ??0.080 | ??0.013 | ??0.082 | ??0.067 | ??444.25 | ??224.84 | ??181.27 |
| ??N??(g/kg) | ??P??(g/kg) | ??K??(g/kg) | ??Ca??(g/kg) | ??Mg??(g/kg) | ??Zn??(mg/kg) | ??Fe??(mg/kg) | ??Mn??(mg/kg) | |
| Embodiment 4 | ??0.095 | ??0.087 | ??0.012 | ??0.055 | ??0.058 | ??309.89 | ??195.87 | ??181.17 |
| Embodiment 5 | ??0.120 | ??0.042 | ??0.087 | ??0.041 | ??0.053 | ??168.54 | ??185.71 | ??100.98 |
| Embodiment 6 | ??0.155 | ??0.087 | ??0.010 | ??0.063 | ??0.058 | ??317.86 | ??224.25 | ??124.38 |
| Embodiment 7 | ??0.121 | ??0.100 | ??0.044 | ??0.055 | ??0.048 | ??299.35 | ??227.89 | ??160.57 |
| Embodiment 8 | ??0.078 | ??0.146 | ??0.008 | ??0.066 | ??0.076 | ??419.28 | ??230.58 | ??162.52 |
| Embodiment 9 | ??0.112 | ??0.067 | ??0.009 | ??0.053 | ??0.058 | ??223.67 | ??195.87 | ??162.29 |
| Embodiment 10 | ??0.132 | ??0.087 | ??0.004 | ??0.082 | ??0.067 | ??317.85 | ??224.24 | ??124.33 |
| Reference examples | ??0.172 | ??0.056 | ??0.027 | ??0.077 | ??0.075 | ??147.53 | ??269.78 | ??100.90 |
Testing result in the table 2,3 shows
1, the acid-base value of the soilless culture substrate of the present invention's preparation is weak acid to neutral, and pH is 6.55-7.14; The EC value is 0.39-0.91mS/cm, illustrate that soilless culture solid matrix of the present invention can provide stable matrix growing environment for plant, can not cause toxic action, can not cause harmful effect yet, not influence the balance of nutrient solution the nutrient solution that puts on plant to plant.
2, in the soilless culture substrate of the present invention, nitrogen content is 0.078-0.157g/kg, phosphorus content is 0.042-0.175g/kg, potassium content is 0.004-0.087g/kg%, calcium content is 0.041-0.086g/kg, content of magnesium is 0.048-0.076g/kg, zinc content is 168.54-444.25mg/kg, iron content is 185.71-230.58mg/kg, and manganese content is 100.98-181.17mg/kg, and content of humic acid is 6.16-11.78%, the trophic structure of matrix is reasonable, be convenient to plant absorbing,, satisfy the plant growing needs for the growth of plant provides the prescribing adequate nutrition element.
3, the cultivation matrix quality of the present invention preparation has reached the quality of import peat growing medium, can import substitutes, saved expense greatly.
Test routine red palm experiment in cultivation
In Daxing, Beijing flowers company red palm cultivation greenhouse, adopt the cultivation matrix and the reference examples peat growing medium of embodiment of the invention 1-10 preparation to carry out red palm experiment in cultivation respectively.Full-automatic temperature-controlling, ventilation facility can guarantee at duration of test in the greenhouse, for providing a metastable suitable growth environment for the examination material.
The selection growth is consistent, root system is complete, the middle seedling of red palm kind " young beauty " 16-17cm of no damage by disease and insect, with basin on 16 * 14cm red plastic basin, carries out pot experiment, and each handles 10 strains, and 3 repetitions repeat the interior completely random that adopts and put.
In conjunction with normal red palm hothouse production management, every 4-5d pure water waters once, and every 8-10d waters with water and executes nutrient solution (its prescription sees Table 4) once.In the plant strain growth process, adjust the flowerpot spacing in good time, make plant evenly be subjected to light, in time remove residual flower and lose leaf, carry out the extermination of disease and insect pest.
The table 4 potted anthurium andraeanum nutrient solution prescription that suits
Annotate: A solution and B solution are placed in two nutrient tanks, after during use isopyknic A solution and B solution being mixed,
Dilute with water can use for 100 times again, wherein, the most handy rainwater dilution, it is higher that running water also can be cost.
Behind the last basin, statistical measurement plant forms index behind the slow seedling 10d, each is handled and randomly draws 10 strains, carries out the measurement of the plant hat width of cloth, plant height.Each is handled and randomly draws 10 strains every 30d later on, investigates indexs such as the number of blooming, the plant hat width of cloth, plant height, and measurement result is shown in table 5,6.
Behind the last basin 4 months, 10 strains were randomly drawed in every processing, carry out the mensuration of plant biomass, measured the scorching luxuriant width of Buddhist, scape height simultaneously.Red palm plant forms index is evaluated according to the standard among the DB4401001T12.2-2002.Test data utilizes SPSS software to carry out the Deng Kenshi of 0.05 level, and (result of the test is as shown in table 7 for Duncan, S) new multipole difference check.
The red palm cultivating and growing of table 5 different substrates situation
The red palm cultivating and growing of table 6 different substrates situation
The mensuration of table 7 red palm plant biomass after potted plant 4 months
Result of the test shows: utilize the soilless culture substrate of the inventive method preparation to cultivate flowers, matrix is remarkable to the facilitation of plant strain growth, the plant strain growth later stage, the hat width of cloth is big, the plant height, the number of blooming is many, the scorching bud of Buddhist is big, scape height, plant biomass accumulation height, acrial part dry-matter accumulation amount reaches the 9.0-14.5g/ strain, under ground portion dry-matter accumulation amount reaches the 6.4-7.8g/ strain, compares quite with the contrast peat growing medium, and the soilless culture solid matrix of the inventive method preparation has reached the peat growing medium quality, therefore can substitute peat growing medium, lower the expense of cultivation matrix greatly.
Claims (10)
1. a method of utilizing agriculture and forestry organic waste material to prepare soilless culture substrate comprises the agricultural organic waste is carried out pyrolysis processing twice, collects solid product and obtains soilless culture substrate.
2. the method for claim 1 is characterized in that the temperature of pyrolysis processing is higher than pyrolysis processing temperature for the first time for the second time.
3. method as claimed in claim 2 is characterized in that the temperature of described first time of pyrolysis processing is 130-180 ℃, and the processing time is 10-20min; Described second time pyrolysis processing temperature 〉=190 ℃, the processing time is 10-20min.
As claim 1-3 arbitrary as described in method, it is characterized in that in the described pyrolysis processing process control oxygen volumn concentration≤10%.
5. as the arbitrary described method of claim 1 to 3, it is characterized in that also comprising: before carrying out pyrolysis processing, the agricultural organic waste is dried processing, dry to moisture content≤10%.
6. method as claimed in claim 5 is characterized in that described oven dry treatment temperature is 100-110 ℃.
7. method as claimed in claim 3 is characterized in that the temperature of described first time of pyrolysis processing is 150-160 ℃.
8. as the method for claim 3, it is characterized in that the temperature of described second time of pyrolysis processing is 190-400 ℃.
9. as the method for claim 3, it is characterized in that also comprising the discarded object particle after the second time pyrolysis processing is immersed in the water that carry out desalting processing, wherein the ratio of the discarded object particle after the pyrolysis processing and the volume of water is 1 for the second time: 2-3.
10. soilless culture substrate is characterized in that being prepared from according to method as described in arbitrary as claim 1-9.
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