CN101715488B - 食品中猪肉成分的鉴定方法 - Google Patents

食品中猪肉成分的鉴定方法 Download PDF

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CN101715488B
CN101715488B CN2009800003153A CN200980000315A CN101715488B CN 101715488 B CN101715488 B CN 101715488B CN 2009800003153 A CN2009800003153 A CN 2009800003153A CN 200980000315 A CN200980000315 A CN 200980000315A CN 101715488 B CN101715488 B CN 101715488B
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雅各布·B·彻·曼
舒海米·穆斯塔法
法里汉·里亚纳·卡立德
艾达·阿兹里纳·阿兹米
阿维斯·昆尼·萨兹立
拉哈·阿布杜欧·拉希姆
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Abstract

在此研究中,猪肉特异性实时PCR检验发展用以清真食品认证。三种肉类样品被采用,即猪肉,牛肉和鸡肉。这三种家畜的肉是马来西亚经常消费的肉,而且在市场上很容易买到。每种粗制肉样品的DNA利用
Figure D2009800003153A00011
Blood&Tissue Kit(Qiagen,Hilden,Germany)成功提取。在实时PCR反应前,DNA的浓度采用光度适应计(Eppendorf AG,Hamburg,Germany)利用UV吸收分光光度测量法获得。引物的退火温度为58℃。为了检验所构架的引物的特异性,反应测试了引物与其他两种肉类样品的反应以监测可能的交叉反应。该反应仅在Ct±22.83时扩增猪肉DNA。本发明描述的实时PCR检测被证实在样品测试中,对低监测限度非常敏感。检测通过自100ngDNA开始制备10倍稀释系列,测定反应的灵敏度。灵敏度起始值最高为0.001ng猪肉DNA。已有报道称利用传统PCR检测的检出限为0.1ng猪肉DNA。在这种情况下,本方法对于检测食品中的猪肉DNA是有益处的。

Description

食品中猪肉成分的鉴定方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于食品成分鉴定的引物构架方法,特别是肉食加工为主的食品。尤其地,本方法用于鉴定清真食品认证的加工食品中是否存在猪肉(Sus scrofa)成分。
背景技术
食品掺假是世界范围内广泛存在的问题,例如,便宜食品被当作昂贵食品使用。更多情况是,在食品中猪肉被用以替代其他肉类。因此,对消费者来说,食品中肉的类型,尤其是猪肉的检测正成为一个重要的问题。对潜在的非清真食品的存在方面,错误标签食品的影响会更为严重。出于这个原因,已研究出鉴别肉类食品和新鲜肉类来源种类的几种方法。许多以DNA分析为基础的方法已经在食品行业应用以监测食品掺假问题。以动物物种形成建立的方法主要以油脂,蛋白质和DNA为基础。然而,以DNA为基础的方法尤为可靠,因为DNA在食品加工过程中所使用的高温,压力和化学处理相关的条件下更为稳定。
肉类食品中动物组织的物种鉴别对保护消费者远离非法和不希望的食品掺假是个重要的课题,这具有经济,宗教和健康上的原因。因此,在蛋白质和DNA分析基础上已发展起许多分析方法。DNA为基础的方法属于较为成熟的物种鉴别,其中包括种特异性的传统PCR和实时PCR。在为猪肉种特异性发展出来的目标基因片段是取源自12S rRNA,ND5,线粒体移植环(D-Loop)和核黑色素皮质素受体1(MCIR)。
尽管利用传统PCR的方法证明是成功的,但是该方法还需PCR后的处理,这延长了分析时间,而且需要处理危险的化学品,因此也可能造成实验室污染。另一方面,实时PCR方法具有巨大的潜力以替代传统PCR,这主要是因为实时PCR方法迅速,灵敏,确切,高度自动化以及目标量化(Heid etal,1996)。
发明内容
本发明涉及一种鉴定食品中猪肉成分的方法,该方法包括从猪肉样本中提取脱氧核糖核酸(DNA),然后在猪肉ND5线粒体基因的基础上构架一正向引物和反向引物,对该正向引物和反向引物进行聚合酶链反应(PCR),其中,该正向引物序列为SUS-FWD:5’-AGC TGC ACT ACA AGC AAT CC-3’,该反向引物序列为SUS-RVS:5’-ATG CGT TTG AGT GGG TTA GG-3’。
本发明特征为:
一种鉴定食品中猪肉成分的方法,该方法包括:
(a)从猪肉样本中提取脱氧核糖核酸(DNA);
(b)以猪肉ND5线粒体基因为基础构架一正向引物和反向引物;
(c)对该正向引物和反向引物进行聚合酶链反应(PCR),其中,该正向引物序列为SUS-FWD:5’-AGC TGC ACT ACA AGC AAT CC-3’,该反向引物序列为SUS-RVS:5’-ATG CGT TTG AGT GGG TTA GG-3’。
其中正向引物和反向引物的浓度为0.3-0.9μm。
其中反应温度为50-70℃。
以及,
一种鉴定食品中猪肉成分的方法,该方法包括:
(a)以猪肉ND5线粒体基因为基础构架一正向引物和反向引物;
(b)对该正向引物和反向引物进行聚合酶链反应(PCR),其中,该正向引物序列为SUS-FWD:5’-AGC TGC ACT ACA AGC AAT CC-3’,该反向引物序列为SUS-RVS:5’-ATG CGT TTG AGT GGG TTA GG-3’。
其中正向引物和反向引物的浓度为0.3-0.9μm。
其中反应温度为50-70℃。
附图说明
图1示出了猪肉引物和其他肉类(牛肉和鸡肉)特异性实验比较;
图2示出了10倍连续稀释的猪肉引物的灵敏度测试;
图3示出了引物浓度的最优化;
图4示出了引物退火温度的最优化。
具体实施方式
本发明描述了用于清真食品鉴定的猪肉特异性实时PCR检验的发展和应用。引物构架成扩增猪肉线粒体基因ND5的一个89bp扩增子(89bpamplicon),与商业种类的鸡肉和牛肉进行错配。该检验具有高度灵敏性,可在水中DNA稀释评估时,检测出猪肉模板DNA(pork template DNA)的0.001ng的存在。用于清真食品鉴定而发展出的引物以猪肉线粒体基因ND5为基础,该引物序列如下:
正向引物(SUS-FWD:5’-AGC TGC ACT ACA AGC AAT CC-3’)
反向引物(SUS-RVS:5’-ATG CGT TTG AGT GGG TTA GG-3’)
检测猪肉DNA的PCR条件是利用实时荧光定量PCR仪(the Mastercyclerep)(德国汉堡某公司产品Eppendorf AG,Hamburg,Germany)通过扩增完成的。每支反应试管盛装20μl的反应混合物,其中包括10μl 2x Quantitect SYBRGreen PCR Master Mix(Qiagen,Hilden,Germany),1μl正向引物,1μl反向引物,3μl dH20和5μl DNA样品(20ng/μl)。三步扩增循环程序(The3-step amplification cycle program)如下所述:在95℃进行15分钟的最初活化,在94℃进行变性15秒,在58℃进行退火30秒,在72℃进行延伸30秒。最初活化步骤用以激活HotStarTaq DNA聚合酶在反应混合物中出现。该循环重复40次,采用解链曲线分析(melting curve analysis)以核实具体物品和DNA扩增的鉴定。
样品
猪肉,牛肉和鸡肉三个种类用于该研究。肉样品从当地市场(SelangorWholesale Market)购得。在DNA提取前,样品以-20℃储存。
DNA提取
肉样品中的DNA用
Figure G2009800003153D00041
血液及组织套件(
Figure G2009800003153D00042
Blood and TissueKit)(Qiagen,Hilden,Germany)提取。25mg的样品在1.5ml微型离心机试管中称重。加入180μl成人T细胞白血病/淋巴瘤缓冲剂(Buffer ATL)和20μl蛋白酶K。混合物被旋转,在56℃水浴中培养过夜以溶解。当样品被全部溶解后,加入4μl核糖核酸酶A(RNase A)(100mg/ml),混合并在室温下培养2分钟。将混合物旋转后,加入200μl AL缓冲剂(Buffer AL),然后再次旋转使混合充分。而后,加入200μl乙醇(96-100%),并通过旋转混合产生一均一溶液。混合物用洗液管导入Dneasy迷你旋转柱体套件(DNeasy Minispin column set),在8000rpm下离心1分钟。渗流以及收集试管丢弃。然后,Dneasy迷你旋转柱体(DNeasy Mini spin column)安装一新的2ml收集试管。加入500μl AW2缓冲剂(Buffer AW2),在14,000rpm下离心3分钟以保证柱体干燥以及避免乙醇遗留的发生。而后,Dneasy迷你旋转柱体安装一新的1.5ml微型离心机试管,加入100μl AF缓冲剂(Buffer AF)以洗提。试管在室温下培养1分钟,然后在8,000rpm下离心1分钟。包含被提取的DNA的上清液于4℃储存,以备后用。
引物构架
引物3软件(The Primer3 software)(http://frodo.wi.mit.edu/cgi-bin/primer3/primer3_www.cgi)被用于构架在实时PCR中应用的引物。获得自NCBI GenBank数据库(hhtp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov)的猪肉(NC_000845)牛肉(NC_006853)和鸡肉(NC_001323)中的ND5基因序列,被排列并被比较。一个引物对(SUS-FWD:5’-AGC TGC ACT ACA AGC AAT CC-3’和SUS-RVS:5’-ATG CGT TTG AGT GGG TTAGG-3’)被合成以特定地扩增猪肉中ND5基因的89bp段。
实时PCR分析
检测猪肉DNA是利用实时荧光定量PCR仪(the Mastercycler ep)(Eppendorf AG,Hamburg,Germany)通过扩增完成的。每支反应食管盛装20μl的反应混合物,其包括10μl 2x Quantitect SYBR Green PCR Master Mix(Qiagen,Hilden,Germany),1μl正向引物,1μl反向引物,3μl dH2O and 5μlDNA样品(20ng/μl)。三步扩增循环程序如下所述:在95℃进行15分钟的最初活化,在94℃进行变性15秒,在58℃进行退火30秒,在72℃进行延伸30秒。最初活化步骤用以激活HotStarTaq DNA聚合酶在反应混合物中出现。该循环重复40次,解链曲线分析实施用以核实物种和DNA扩增的鉴定。另有说明者除外,所有反应重复进行了三次。

Claims (6)

1.一种鉴定食品中猪肉成分的方法,该方法包括:
(a)以猪肉ND5线粒体基因为基础构架一正向引物和反向引物;
(b)对该正向引物和反向引物进行实时荧光聚合酶链反应,其中,该正向引物序列为SUS-FWD:5’-AGC TGC ACT ACA AGC AAT CC-3’,该反向引物序列为SUS-RVS:5’-ATG CGT TTG AGT GGG TTA GG-3’。
2.如权利要求1所述的方法,其中正向引物和反向引物的浓度为0.3-0.9μM。
3.如权利要求1所述的方法,其中反应温度为50-70℃。
4.一种鉴定食品中猪肉成分的方法,该方法包括:
(a)从猪肉样本中提取脱氧核糖核酸;
(b)以猪肉ND5线粒体基因为基础构架一正向引物和反向引物;
(c)对该正向引物和反向引物进行实时荧光聚合酶链反应,其中,该正向引物序列为SUS-FWD:5’-AGC TGC ACT ACA AGC AAT CC-3’,该反向引物序列为SUS-RVS:5’-ATG CGT TTG AGT GGG TTA GG-3’。
5.如权利要求4所述的方法,其中正向引物和反向引物的浓度为0.3-0.9μM。
6.如权利要求4所述的方法,其中反应温度为50-70℃。
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