CN101697695B - Method for cultivating edible straw rotting fungus by using water hyacinth as nutrient medium - Google Patents
Method for cultivating edible straw rotting fungus by using water hyacinth as nutrient medium Download PDFInfo
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- CN101697695B CN101697695B CN2009102334754A CN200910233475A CN101697695B CN 101697695 B CN101697695 B CN 101697695B CN 2009102334754 A CN2009102334754 A CN 2009102334754A CN 200910233475 A CN200910233475 A CN 200910233475A CN 101697695 B CN101697695 B CN 101697695B
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method for cultivating edible straw rotting fungus by using water hyacinth as nutrient medium, which belongs to the fields of edible fungus cultivation and cyclic agricultural resource utilization. The method comprises the following steps: fishing and airing the water hyacinth, heaping 10 to 50 percent of water hyacinth, 30 to 70 percent of rice straw (wheat straw), 15 to 25 percent of rape seed cake, 2 percent of lime, 1 percent of gypsum, 1 percent of calcium superphosphate and 1 percent of urea in a dry material proportion to perform primary fermentation when the water content of the water hyacinth is 50 percent, turning and heaping the materials thrice at unlimited intervals when the temperature of the materials reaches 70 DEG C, post-fermenting the materials for 3 to 4 days in 2 days later after the trice turning and heaping, then loading the materials, sowing seeds, growing fungus, covering soil and fruiting the fungus. The biological conversion rate (fresh fungus weight/dry feeding weight) of the formula is as high as about 30 percent, the conventional cow dung serving as the medium is saved, and the medium after fruiting can be used as a raw material of a gardening plant medium, an organic fertilizer for fertilizing the field and a raw material of aminal fodder so as to enlarge the reutilization range of the straw rotting fungus medium and the water hyacinth.
Description
One, technical field
The present invention relates to the method for weter hyacinth, belong to field of edible fungus culture and circular agriculture utilization of resources field as nutrient matrix culturing edible fungus straw rotting fungus.What comprise weter hyacinth rationally puts, salvages, utilizes series technique in a suitable place to breed, after can utilizing weter hyacinth to improve the water body of eutrophication with the method, rationally utilize the weter hyacinth resource again, remove the invasive harm of weter hyacinth to water body, the change disaster is resource, weter hyacinth as matrix, is produced the edible fungus of high nutrition, and this technology has novelty, practicality and creativeness.
Two, background technology
The eutrophication of water body has become the subject matter of China's pollution of waterhead, and China expends huge energy every year and fund is carried out the pollution control work in great waters such as Taihu Lake, Dian Chi.Weter hyacinth promptly is used as the water body treating biology many years ago and is introduced into and utilizes, its growth phase is when rapid, fertility is strong, the multiplication long period is about 7 days, absorbed nitrogen, phosphorus from water body in a large number, thus reach the purpose of purifying water body, regulation effect is obvious and quick, can cause secondary pollution to water body when but the weter hyacinth biomass is excessive, strong excessively fertility and biomass accumulation cause original biotic population normally not keep, and destroy the aquatic ecological balance; Salvage the back if untimely processing is also rotted easily, the fouling contaminated environment, so weter hyacinth is not obtained extensive use as the water body purification biology.Therefore the removal of the huge biomass that forms behind the weter hyacinth purifying water body and utilization are the keys that solves this biological method control body eutrophication.
A large amount of weter hyacinth colonies utilizes and mainly is confined to be added into animal feed so far; Fermentation, macerate and manufacture land for growing field crops or vegetables with the fertilizer in field or be used for producing methane, but because agriculture added value is not high, not industrialization, so the weter hyacinth of seeking high added value utilizes pattern to become to utilize the prerequisite of weter hyacinth as the water body purification means.
Edible mushroom is high protein, low fat, is rich in the health food of dietary fiber that common kind on the popular especially dining tables of straw rotting fungus such as mushroom, coprinus comatus extensively is subjected to consumer's great kindness.
The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of new method of efficiently utilizing weter hyacinth.By the method, weter hyacinth is nutrition such as absorbed nitrogen, phosphorus in eutrophication water, improves water body, and as the matrix of edible mushroom, the nutrition of weter hyacinth is converted into edible high protein edible fungi food then, has improved the availability and the added value of weter hyacinth.This method has scientific and reasonable, workable characteristics, and can reduce production costs, and can promote fast in this specialty, and the result of use of this inventive method on producing shows, reached desired novelty in the patent, practicality and creationary requirement.
Three, summary of the invention
Technical problem becomes invasion and pollutes biological problem when the present invention is directed to weter hyacinth as the water body purification biology, the method that provides a kind of weter hyacinth organism efficiently to transform, utilize, with weter hyacinth as a kind of utilization of resources, water body purification provides technical support for China utilizes weter hyacinth to carry out efficiently, has increased a kind of comparatively economic edible fungus culturing matrix simultaneously.
Technical scheme
A kind of weter hyacinth comprises as the method for nutrient matrix culturing edible fungus straw rotting fungus:
1) weter hyacinth raw material: salvage the weter hyacinth in maturing stage, evenly spread airing out, detect the water content mass ratio less than 50% or thoroughly dry the back and use;
2) the edible mushroom straw rotting fungus composts or fertilisers of cultivating of banking up, primary fermentation:
Straw rotting fungus composts or fertilisers of cultivating prescription quality is than (dry weight): weter hyacinth 10～50%, straw (wheat straw) 30～70%, colza cake 15～25%, lime 2%, gypsum 1%, superphosphate 1%, urea 1%;
More than the ratio of weter hyacinth, rice wheat straw, colza cake can be regulated as required in the prescription, and final total material 100% is prewetted straw or wheat straw composts or fertilisers of cultivating 2 days before the windrow, during windrow, successively add each composts or fertilisers of cultivating, total floor height is no more than 20cm, evenly bank up, piling the wide * height of long * is 6m*2m*1.5m; Enter the primary fermentation stage, turning when temperature reaches 70 ℃ in the material, turning 3 times;
3) after fermentation: the mushroom room after 2 days is transported composts or fertilisers of cultivating in last turning, heat to 62 ℃ of maintenances about 7 hours, aeration-coolingly after 50～55 ℃, kept 3～4 days, whole composts or fertilisers of cultivating is dark brown, has the not hypha of edible fungus of complete fruiting, protein content improves, and is direct higher as animal feeding-stuff raw material nutritive value than weter hyacinth.This invention has solved trouble and worry for weter hyacinth as the water body purification biology on the one hand, has increased the cultivation matrix of a kind of edible mushroom on the other hand.
4) stone: the composts or fertilisers of cultivating that ferments of will banking up is layered on the fruiting frame equably, and thickness is 20～30cm;
5) sowing: adopt the bunch planting method;
6) earthing: earthing when treating that mycelia is dealt into thick 2/3 place of mushroom bed material, the neutral clay earth of overburden layer material selection viscosity 40%, overburden layer thickness is 4cm;
7) gather: earthing is fruiting after 20～30 days, treats that the mushroom lid grows to the ripe very likely mushroom body that gently revolves and gathers.
Above step 6) cover soil material can add mass ratio 30% peat soil.Described straw rotting fungus comprises: agaricus bisporus, Agaricus Campestris, Brazilian mushroom or coprinus comatus.This prescription has saved traditional cow dung as matrix, and the matrix behind the fruiting can be used as the raw material of animal feeding-stuff, and what enlarged matrix utilizes scope again, more helps digestion and the absorption of livestock after weter hyacinth decomposes with mycelia by fermentation simultaneously, improves utilization ratio.
Beneficial effect
Weter hyacinth once brought pleasantly surprised to water body improvement work, but control the improper biological invasion that becomes, the normal growth that has suppressed original biology, heavy damage the ecological balance, the secondary pollution problems that a large amount of colonies rots to cause allows before this technical stagnation not, water body treating work now is still severe, weter hyacinth is as edible mushroom matrix, efficiently utilized, and be converted into high-protein food, can be improved the process of water body treating dramatically.By in the water body contaminated, that the eutrophication degree is high, rationally putting weter hyacinth in a suitable place to breed, control suitable biomass, 1hm
2But weter hyacinth absorbed nitrogen in every year, phosphorus, the amount of potassium be respectively 1.80t, 0.27t, 33.3t, thereby purified water body, main nutrient accumulation is in the weter hyacinth organism.The method is salvaged the weter hyacinth in maturing stage, is used for producing very popular edible fungus, has improved its utilization ratio greatly, the development that this utilizes pattern can greatly improve environmental ecology and promote Agricultural recycling economy.
The listed prescription biological transformation ratio about 30% of this invention, owing to saved the cow dung composition of traditional matrix, matrix behind the fruiting can also be as the raw material of animal feeding-stuff except fertilizing the soil as the raw material of gardening plant matrix and fertilizer, what enlarged straw rotting fungus matrix utilizes scope again, weter hyacinth body in the matrix is owing to have the not hypha of edible fungus of complete fruiting, protein content improves, and is direct higher as animal feeding-stuff raw material nutritive value than weter hyacinth.This invention has solved trouble and worry for weter hyacinth as the water body purification biology on the one hand, has increased the cultivation matrix of a kind of edible mushroom on the other hand.
Four, embodiment
When water temperature was higher than 15 ℃, fence was rationally put weter hyacinth in a suitable place to breed in eutrophication water, and when treating that temperature is more than 22 ℃, weter hyacinth is bred in a large number, according to its reproduction speed and growing state, determined salvaging amount and the utilization of every day.
The water content of weter hyacinth organism is bigger, directly is not suitable for as cultivation matrix.So carry out some processing earlier, concrete processing method is as follows:
Salvage the weter hyacinth in maturing stage, evenly spread airing out, the sampling Detection water content was less than 50% o'clock or thoroughly dry the back use.
The straw rotting fungus of banking up material siccative mass ratio: weter hyacinth 10～50%, straw (wheat straw) 30～70%, colza cake 15～25%, lime 2%, gypsum 1%, superphosphate 1%, urea 1%.
Link such as comprise windrow, primary fermentation, after fermentation, stone, sowing, earthing, gather.
More than the ratio of weter hyacinth, rice wheat straw, colza cake can be regulated in above-mentioned scope with production is actual as required in the prescription, final total material is 100%, described straw, wheat straw composts or fertilisers of cultivating are through prewetting 2 days during windrow, from bottom to top add according to one deck rice wheat straw, one deck weter hyacinth, one deck colza cake and various auxiliary material, the total floor height of each composts or fertilisers of cultivating is no more than 20cm, adds water and drenches, and so each material is added in circulation, evenly bank up, piling the wide * height of long * is about 6m*2m*1.5m; Carry out primary fermentation, turning when temperature reaches 70 ℃ in the material, general turning 3 times, last turning is assaulted after 2 days material is transported the mushroom room, and heating among a small circle enters the after fermentation stage, feeds heat steam and heats to 62 ℃ of maintenances about 7 hours, aeration-coolingly after 50～55 ℃, kept 3～4 days, be cooled to 45～50 ℃ again, kept 12 hours, open door and window the material temperature is descended rapidly, whole composts or fertilisers of cultivating is dark brown, a large amount of actinomyces albuses spread all over, bread smell slightly, and the composts or fertilisers of cultivating water content is glossy in 65% left and right sides, flexible, weter hyacinth and grass one draw promptly disconnected, if water content is on the low side, can regulate with 2% limewash.
The composts or fertilisers of cultivating that ferments need be shaken up, and is layered on equably on the fruiting frame, and thickness is 20～30cm; When arriving room temperature, temperature drop to be expected adopts bacterial strains such as bunch planting method sowing agaricus bisporus, Agaricus Campestris, Brazilian mushroom, coprinus comatus according to producing needs, the spacing that the general 8～10cm of bunch planting is square, and inserting the composts or fertilisers of cultivating degree of depth with shaft-like seeder implement is about 5cm;
Through hair tube reason, treat that mycelia is dealt into preparation cover soil material when expecting 2/3 thick place; Cover soil material is generally the neutral clay earth of viscosity about 40%, and peat soil also can suitably be added in area with good conditionsi, and the mass percent of peat soil is advisable 30%, and overburden layer thickness is about 4cm; General earthing fruiting after 20～30 days; In time gather when the mushroom body is ripe very likely, gently revolve the mushroom body when gathering, the back arrangement bed surface of gathering is managed next damp mushroom of gathering.
This production method biological transformation ratio higher (mushroom body fresh weight/dry weight feeds intake) is about 30%, and general output can reach 10～15kg/m
2Weter hyacinth provides the growth of edible mushroom straw rotting fungus required carbon nitrogen source, saved the interpolation of cow dung in traditional matrix, matrix behind the fruiting can also be as the raw material of animal feeding-stuff except that fertilizing the soil as the raw material of vegetable gardening matrix with as fertilizer, weter hyacinth body in the matrix is owing to have the not hypha of edible fungus of complete fruiting, protein content improves, direct higher than weter hyacinth as animal feeding-stuff raw material nutritive value, simultaneously weter hyacinth by fermentation and mycelial growth, more help being digested and absorbing, improve utilization ratio.Therefore what the method had enlarged matrix utilizes scope again, has promoted the sound development of circular agriculture better.
Weter hyacinth is as the straw rotting fungus cultivation matrix in the edible mushroom, produce and be subjected to the healthy and safe edible fungus that consumers in general welcome, weter hyacinth is turned waste into wealth, resources effective utilization, greatly improved added value, solved the trouble and worry of weter hyacinth, also expanded the cultivation matrix of edible mushroom simultaneously as the water body purification biology.
Claims (3)
1. a weter hyacinth is characterized in that as the method for nutrient matrix culturing edible fungus straw rotting fungus:
1) weter hyacinth raw material: salvage the weter hyacinth in maturing stage, evenly spread airing out, detect the water content mass ratio less than 50% or thoroughly dry the back and use;
2) the edible mushroom straw rotting fungus composts or fertilisers of cultivating of banking up:
Straw rotting fungus composts or fertilisers of cultivating prescription siccative mass ratio: weter hyacinth 10～50%, straw or wheat straw 30～70%, colza cake 15～25%, lime 2%, gypsum 1%, superphosphate 1%, urea 1%;
Before the windrow straw or wheat straw composts or fertilisers of cultivating were prewetted 2 days, successively add various composts or fertilisers of cultivating during windrow, total floor height is no more than 20cm, evenly banks up, and piling the wide * height of long * is 6m*2m*1.5m; Turning 3 times, turning when temperature reaches 70 ℃ in the material;
3) after fermentation: the mushroom room after 2 days is transported material in last turning, enter the after fermentation stage, heat to 62 ℃ of maintenances 7 hours, aeration-cooling to 50～55 ℃ of maintenances 3 days, whole composts or fertilisers of cultivating was dark brown when after fermentation finished, actinomyces albus spreads all over, bread smell slightly, the composts or fertilisers of cultivating water content is 65%, and is glossy, flexible, weter hyacinth and grass one draw promptly disconnected;
4) stone: the composts or fertilisers of cultivating that will bank up and ferment, be layered on equably after shaking up on the fruiting frame, thickness is 20～30cm;
5) sowing: adopt the bunch planting method;
6) earthing: earthing when treating that mycelia is dealt into thick 2/3 place of mushroom bed material, the neutral clay earth of overburden layer material selection viscosity 40%, overburden layer thickness is 3～4cm;
7) gather: earthing is fruiting after 20～30 days, gently revolves the mushroom body and gathers.
2. method according to claim 1 is characterized in that, the step 6) cover soil material adds mass ratio 30% peat soil.
3. method according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that, described edible mushroom straw rotting fungus comprises: agaricus bisporus, Agaricus Campestris, Brazilian mushroom or coprinus comatus.
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| CN2009102334754A CN101697695B (en) | 2009-10-30 | 2009-10-30 | Method for cultivating edible straw rotting fungus by using water hyacinth as nutrient medium |
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Families Citing this family (13)
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| CN102336593B (en) * | 2011-09-14 | 2013-07-10 | 广州市立宇食用菌科技有限公司 | Method for naturally preparing buttonmushroom culture materials, buttonmushroom culture material recipe and culture method |
| CN102432349B (en) * | 2011-09-14 | 2013-11-06 | 广州市立宇食用菌科技有限公司 | Method for producing straw mushroom culture material, straw mushroom culture material formula, and cultivation method of straw mushrooms |
| CN102765981A (en) * | 2012-07-09 | 2012-11-07 | 吉林省金塔实业（集团）股份有限公司 | Edible fungus compost taking pepper stalks as main materials and application of compost |
| CN102860432A (en) * | 2012-09-18 | 2013-01-09 | 林华善 | Processing technology of mushroom mycelium protein fish feed |
| CN104058871B (en) * | 2014-07-09 | 2016-06-15 | 江苏省农业科学院 | A kind of vegetable seedling substrate based on Herba Eichhorniae slag and preparation method thereof |
| CN104402614A (en) * | 2014-11-24 | 2015-03-11 | 上海创博生态工程有限公司 | Auricularia auricular cultivation material and manufacturing method thereof |
| CN105439678A (en) * | 2016-01-20 | 2016-03-30 | 杨晓军 | Organic fertilizer for edible fungi and preparing method of organic fertilizer |
| CN107188627A (en) * | 2017-07-17 | 2017-09-22 | 湖南七纬科技有限公司 | A kind of water hyacinth culture medium of edible fungus and preparation method thereof |
| CN108029453A (en) * | 2017-12-13 | 2018-05-15 | 江苏省农业科学院 | A kind of agaricus blazei culture material and using its cultivate Agricus blazei method |
| CN108012759A (en) * | 2017-12-13 | 2018-05-11 | 江苏省农业科学院 | A kind of hickory chick cultivation base manure and the method using its cultivation hickory chick |
| CN109964784A (en) * | 2019-03-25 | 2019-07-05 | 泓森林业有限公司 | One kind seedling medium containing carbonization rice husk and preparation method thereof |
| CN110067239A (en) * | 2019-04-18 | 2019-07-30 | 太仓市农业技术推广中心 | A kind of farmland tail water ecological recycle system |
| CN114868598A (en) * | 2022-06-20 | 2022-08-09 | 泗阳华盛生物科技有限公司 | Mushroom culture medium and preparation method thereof |
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