CN102336593B - Method for naturally preparing buttonmushroom culture materials, buttonmushroom culture material recipe and culture method - Google Patents
Method for naturally preparing buttonmushroom culture materials, buttonmushroom culture material recipe and culture method Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN102336593B CN102336593B CN 201110270676 CN201110270676A CN102336593B CN 102336593 B CN102336593 B CN 102336593B CN 201110270676 CN201110270676 CN 201110270676 CN 201110270676 A CN201110270676 A CN 201110270676A CN 102336593 B CN102336593 B CN 102336593B
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- water lettuce
- culture material
- culture
- water
- buttonmushroom
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
Links
Images
Landscapes
- Mushroom Cultivation (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for naturally preparing buttonmushroom culture materials by using water lettuce as raw materials, which comprises the following steps of: (1) collecting the water lettuce; (2) crushing the water lettuce and forming crushed water lettuce materials; (3) sufficiently exposing the crushed water lettuce materials into the sunlight until the water content of the crushed water lettuce materials in a range within 10 percent to 20 percent; and (4) preparing the culture materials. In addition, the invention also provides a buttonmushroom culture material recipe and a buttonmushroom culture method. Compared with the prior art, the method for preparing the buttonmushroom culture materials, the buttonmushroom culture material recipe and the buttonmushroom culture method have the advantages that the water lettuce resources salved from rivers are used for processing and making the buttonmushroom culture materials used for buttonmushroom culture, the cost of culture materials of the buttonmushroom industry can be greatly reduced, the path for reasonably utilizing the water lettuce is also found, great cost for government to bury and treat the water lettuce can be saved, simultaneously, the food sanitation security index of the products of the buttonmushroom cultured by the culture materials prepared by the water lettuce is better than that of the buttonmushroom cultured by waste cotton.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to field of edible fungus culture, exactly refer to a kind of method, straw mushroom culture material prescription and Volvaria volvacea cultivation method of making the straw mushroom culture material.
Background technology
One, the harm of water lettuce
Water lettuce (Chinese formal name used at school Herba Eichhorniae is the perennial aquatic herbaceous plant of Pontederiaceae phoenix eyes Nelumbo) is a kind of No.1 exotic invasive plant that endangers the fresh water water body, originates in Brazil, is one of the world's ten big evil grass of position that are number two.At present, endanger the freshwater in most warm place, the whole world, spreading all over more than 60 countries and regions.It introduced China since 1901 as flowers, mistakenly it was widelyd popularize breeding as green fodder in the whole nation in last century five, the sixties again and used, and is slowly out of hand afterwards.Carrying all before one in the vast waters of China in recent years, advance unopposed, spread harm in 19 provinces (municipality directly under the Central Government, autonomous region), overflows in especially southern each province, and the alarm of waters, various places is kept pouring in.As long as there is the rivers water system that causing harm of water lettuce just arranged, because the water lettuce overgrowing usually causes river course, reservoir, the obstructions such as (stations) of irrigation and drainage canal, have a strong impact on flowing of water body, the view of rivers, the ordinary production of unimpeded and agriculture, the fishery in navigation channel, and water conservancy irrigation and drainage; Because its a large amount of breeding and a large amount of death are rotted, cause the secondary pollution of water body in addition, have a strong impact on safety of drinking water source etc.; Height at China's water lettuce script individual plant is two, 30 centimetres, and the highest existing length to 1.8 meters can be blocked when it breaks out and be stopped up continuous several kilometers of river course; Thickness in water surface growth can reach 2-3 rice, and the people can walk in the above, even can float a car and do not sink; It can cover with the tens thousand of mu of waters surface when serious, just as boundless and indistinct grassland.
Water lettuce is one of the fastest plant of the known speed of growth, the fast terrorise of its growth, if conditions permit, water lettuce can produce 1.4 hundred million plant division within 1 year, can be paved with 140 hectares the water surface, heavyly reached 28000 tons.Water lettuce can be selected vegetative propagation and seminal propagation, opens flower its every year altogether two to three times, and its each strain inflorescence can produce about 300 seeds, and these seeds borrow water to propagate, and can germinate within these few days when condition is suitable; When condition is not suitable for then dormancy still can keep the vigor of life after 15～20 years.These are one of the reasons that can't effect a radical cure of present water lettuce.
Nature is in the long-term evolution process, and mutual restriction between biology and the biology is mutually coordinated, and separately population is limited in certain scope, and keeps certain quantity, forms stable ecological balanced system.Water lettuce is in its native place South America Brazil, have at least 200 kinds to be that (cowfish is food grass Mammals unique in the ocean for the natural enemy insect of food and a kind of cowfish with it, can in degree of saltiness water, live, its appetite is very big, can eat up 5%～10% the pasture and water that are equivalent to body weight every day, the title that " weeder in the water " arranged), more there is not the waters of serious eutrophication, so water lettuce does not work the mischief in Brazil.Yet in China, the alien species water lettuce is under the situation that breaks away from country of origin natural enemy control, add the water condition of eutrophication, its unrestrictedly mad breeding, destroyed the eubiosis relation between the local species, form the biological pollution more fearful than environmental pollution, caused serious eco-catastrophes such as a large amount of hydrocoles, plant death, born the disastrous effect of " inviting a wolf into house ".
At present China does not still have feasible radical cure method to the control of water lettuce, and now, effective means remained artificial salvaging, delivered to refuse landfill then and made landfill disposal; But water lettuce is just as cancer, even you salvage totally again, its plant and seed as long as condition is suitable, will spread harm just as " cancer cells ", go round and begin again, and be hard to guard against.
According to the preliminary statistics, annual water lettuce disaster is suffered China to surpass 10,000,000,000 yuan financial loss, wherein only control expense just up to 1,000,000,000 yuan about.These are direct financial loss, and the ecology loss that is caused by the water lettuce invasion is to estimate.In order to control the harm of water lettuce, China has spent a large amount of funds and human and material resources, but still fails to find effective method of controlling.Water lettuce Zi Yuan No obtains rationally and effectively utilizing all the time, has caused surprising waste.Nowadays, how to prevent and treat and rationally utilize this harmful and huge Biological resources, become a great problem.
Two, the reason and the recycling that spread unchecked of water lettuce
Water lettuce overgrowing is overflowed, and introduces and does not have the natural enemy restriction and do not have the effectively preventing method except mistake, mainly is because water pollution, and the water quality eutrophication causes.Because do not pay attention to environmental protection, along with the Industrial Revolution and modern agricultural development, countries in the world are because industry " three wastes ", municipal wastes, influences such as sewage, and use chemical fertilizer in a large number, reasons such as agricultural chemicals, all caused a series of environmental pollution to some extent, soil erosion, the destruction Of resources, eco-catastrophes such as disease and pest breaks out, cause the ecological natural environment of agricultural constantly to worsen, make in the agricultural-food residues of harmful substances and pollute increase the weight of day by day (residual as chemical fertilizer, pesticide residue, heavy-metal residual, poisonous chemical is residual and be subjected to chemical contamination, biotic pollution etc.), directly influence and threatened people's life and safety.For this reason; many countries have all successively proposed to protect nature and the strategic plan of agricultural sustainable development; its core is exactly to make great efforts to lower pollution and the destruction that various objectionable impuritiess cause environment for human survival when developing the economy; rationally, effectively, recycle resource; eliminate public hazards, protection environment, realize the balance of economic benefit and ecological benefits.
Anything has duality, and water lettuce has its harmful one side, and its favourable one side is also arranged, because it is a kind of herbaceous plant, and rich cellulose and hemicellulose, and also quantity is huge, and that abandons causes harm, and what use is precious, can be used as recycling.According to ecological rule reasonable development resource, carry out resource circulation utilization in agriculture production, protection ecology and environment are developed high-level green food and Organic food, are the only ways that promotes agricultural sustainable development and ensure health of people.
Three, straw mushroom industrial profile
Straw mushroom is the famous high temperature modification edible mushrooms that has the torrid zone and subtropics characteristic most, China be in the world cultivating straw mushroom the earliest, largest country, ultimate production ranks first in the world, straw mushroom is enjoyed the reputation of " China mushroom " in the world, and this is unique kind that obtains this honorary title in all edible mushroomss at home.Bright straw mushroom delicious flavour, nutritive value are very high, and its nutritive value is higher than most edible mushroom, is characterized in: (1) protein content height, be rich in eight kinds of indispensable amino acids that the mankind can not lack; (2) in common edible mushrooms, the content of the vitamins D of beauty treatment and anti-oxidant holy product vitamins C and rickets is the highest with straw mushroom; (3) straw mushroom is a kind of good source of additional mineral substance, its content of mineral substances is that content is the highest in all edible mushroomss of present commercial cultivation, and contain and possess anti-ageing, raise immunity, the trace element-selenium of prophylaxis of tumours and cardiovascular disorder (Se); (4) straw mushroom invigorate the spleen and benefit qi, effect such as clearing away summer heat, antisepsis, accelerating wound healing, but the physiological function of often edible straw mushroom balance human body, promote the metabolism of human body, strengthen human body to the immunological competence of disease, have good dietotherapy and health-care effect.Straw mushroom is that the speed of growth is the fastest in the present common edible mushrooms, a kind of mushroom that the production cycle is the shortest.Guangdong is the source region of China's Volvaria volvacea cultivation, and the main product ground of present domestic straw mushroom mainly concentrates on ground such as Guangzhou and the Delta of the Pearl River.
Delta of the Pearl River located in subtropical zone, its warm and humid climate condition is most appropriate to Volvaria volvacea cultivation, and simultaneously straw mushroom is again that area, Guangdong,Hongkong and Macao people like and one of the highest famous edible mushrooms of sales volume most, is a kind of key health food of high-quality.Along with the raising of people's living standard and the enhancing of health care consciousness, its sales volume all constantly increases in local and domestic and international market.The culture material of cultivating straw mushroom mainly is waste cotton now, waste cotton is the tankage of cotton spinning industry, originally be the refuse of abandoning, at the beginning of the eighties in last century, (this patent first contriver be the project leader of this unit) at that time cooperates with the Guangzhou suburbs institute of agricultural sciences in the Microbiology Research Inst., Guangzhou City, successfully finished " utilize the research and extension of waste cotton cultivating straw mushroom " this Spark Plan project of assigning of Guangzhou State Scientific and Technological Commission at that time, through making great efforts in many ways, successfully waste cotton is replaced straw to be utilized as the culture material of straw mushroom.Straw mushroom is to be that culture material is in outdoor planting with the straw for a long time, nutrient deficiency and the influence that is subjected to the adverse weather environment because of straw, production level is very low always, the outdoor straw that utilizes that tradition falls behind is cultivated (referring to warm season) season, develop into indoor (in the greenhouse) and utilize the waste cotton annually cultivating, straw mushroom output has obtained significant raising, the biologicak efficiency of straw mushroom is (to drop into the siccative weight of culture material, calculate the per-cent of the bright mushroom of output) from utilizing about 10% of straw cultivation, rise to about 20% to 40%, make straw mushroom plant husbandry obtain very big progress and development, and turn waste into wealth, make waste cotton be fully utilized, solved the difficult problem of national cotton spinning industry waste disposal.
From the middle and later periods eighties so far the waste cotton major part of full Country various places all transport to ground such as Guangzhou and Pearl River Delta as the culture material of cultivating straw mushroom.The Guangzhou becomes maximum straw mushroom production base, the whole nation in recent years, and Baiyun District Ren He town becomes the township of actual straw mushroom production at most because of straw mushroom plantation peasant household and straw mushroom room sum.At present because the price of waste cotton is raised to present the highest more than 1600 yuan/tons (Guangzhou area purchase valency) at the beginning of the eighties in last century from zero always, because production cost constantly rises, the quality of waste cotton waits multiple reason again worse and worse simultaneously, causes the output of straw mushroom more and more lower.Difficult 20% the level (referring at summer culture) that reaches of the biologicak efficiency of Volvaria volvacea cultivation makes more and more difficult operation of practitioner at present, and the straw mushroom growing industry has been absorbed in difficult predicament at present.
Summary of the invention
At above-mentioned defective, the technical problem that the present invention solves is to provide a kind of method, straw mushroom culture material prescription and Volvaria volvacea cultivation method of making the straw mushroom culture material, the water lettuce resource that utilization is overflowed, manufacture the straw mushroom culture material as Volvaria volvacea cultivation, can reduce the cost of straw mushroom industry culture material significantly, find an approach that water lettuce is rationally utilized again, can be a large sum of expense that government saves the landfill disposal water lettuce; The straw mushroom that the culture material that utilizes water lettuce to make is simultaneously cultivated, the food sanitation safe index of straw mushroom product are better than what use waste cotton to cultivate.
In order to solve above technical problem, provided by the invention is the method that raw material is made the straw mushroom culture material with the water lettuce, comprises the steps:
(1) gathers water lettuce;
(2) water lettuce is carried out break process and form the water lettuce particle;
(3) the water lettuce particle is fully accepted being exposed to the sun of sunlight, until the water ratio of water lettuce particle at 10%-20%;
(4) make culture material.
Preferably, in described step (2), the water lettuce particle is particulate state and/or gentle thread.
Preferably, in described step (2), in the water lettuce particle, add mainly and cultivate the active liquid that forms by EM stoste, bacillus natto and bifidus bacillus, active liquid and water lettuce particle are mixed; The mass ratio of active liquid and water lettuce particle is 0.5 ‰-5 ‰.
Preferably, in described step (3), the water lettuce particle is fully accepted being exposed to the sun of sunburst, stirring repeatedly during this time, make water lettuce fully accept the irradiation of sunlight, the illumination of sunlight will reach 30,000 to 100,000 Lux (lux), and the more big effect of illumination is more good, polyphenols oxidative degradation can be removed more than 70% by being exposed to the sun, until the water ratio of water lettuce particle at 10%-20%.
Preferably, in described step (3), the water lettuce particle is fully accepted being exposed to the sun of sunburst, until the water ratio of water lettuce particle at 10%-15%.
Preferably, between described step (3) and described step (4), also comprise: continue the water lettuce particle was exposed to the sun one to three day.
In addition, the present invention also provides a kind of straw mushroom culture material prescription, comprises following component:
15 parts-50 parts of the culture materials that aforesaid method makes
40 parts-60 parts of waste cottons
Above component is parts by weight; Described culture material and described waste cotton are siccative.
Preferably, straw mushroom culture material prescription comprises following component:
15 parts-50 parts of the culture materials that aforesaid method makes
40 parts-60 parts of waste cottons
10 parts-30 parts in corn hair
Above component is parts by weight; Described culture material, described waste cotton and described corn hair are siccative.
The present invention provides a kind of Volvaria volvacea cultivation method again, may further comprise the steps:
(s1) according to above-mentioned component preparation culture material;
(s2) culture material is handled: culture material is mixed put into framework, layering adds the lime water tramples and soaks, and the consumption of lime is the 4%-10% of substratum total mass; Or the water lettuce culture material stay do not handle, second day culture material advances before the mushroom room lime with the drenched 1-3% of adding of water lettuce culture material water again by the time, again with trample the culture material that soaks before and mix thoroughly and can enter the mushroom room;
(s3) culture material enters the mushroom room: the culture material stack retting of step (s2) was stirred after 18-26 hour namely will enter the room, long to prevent the culture material fermentation time, cause that polyphenols release influences the straw mushroom growth, its pH value control is between 8-9, and the moisture of culture material remains on 60%-70%;
(s4) Secondary Fermentation: mushroom room temperature is 70 ℃-90 ℃ during high-temperature sterilization, and the time length is more than 10 hours;
(s5) sowing: can broadcast bacterial classification when culture material material heart temperature drops to 33 ℃-40 ℃, the sowing temperature can with height a bit can be grasped sowing when expecting warm 37-40 ℃ when temperature was low in the winter time; Temperature can reduce a bit when summer temperature is high, can grasp sowing when expecting warm 33-36 ℃.
The nutrient of water lettuce is abundant, and its rich cellulose, hemicellulose and amino acid and food fibre are nontoxic to human body, the edible green fodder that can be used as again, its carbon source and VITAMIN and mineral substance abundance.The water lettuce dry matter content is 6%～7% according to one's analysis, and wherein protein content 18.2%～23.5%, crude fat content 5.11%～5.84%, and content of cellulose 20.4%～25.7%, the content of nitrogen, phosphorus, sulphur is respectively 2.64%～3.50%, 0.34%, 0.198%.Be made into the straw mushroom culture material with water lettuce through suitable processing, fully the nutritional requirement that can grow with Full foot straw mushroom.
Straw mushroom is typical careless saprophytic microorganism, and is relatively stricter to the requirement of culture material, because the hemicellulase of straw mushroom system and lignoenzyme system are very weak, should not be that main culture material comes cultivating straw mushroom with containing hemicellulose and containing xylogen.And the main component of waste cotton is Mierocrystalline cellulose and contain hemicellulose and xylogen hardly, so waste cotton is well suited for the growth of straw mushroom, the proterties of its water conservation insulation is good simultaneously, so cultivating straw mushroom is effective.According to internationally famous edible mushrooms expert Zhang Shuting professor's, contain when the more raw material of hemicellulose and xylogen is degraded and to produce polyphenols, straw mushroom influences it to this compounds than sensitivity and grows, and such raw material is then beneficial to wood-decay fungi such as mushroom.
By carrying out repetitious test with water lettuce as the substratum cultivating straw mushroom, the straw mushroom of in fact positive professor's Zhang Shuting proposition influences the argument that it grows to the phenolic compound sensitivity again.
Water lettuce is the higher plant of plant polyphenol content, when water lettuce fresh or that dry (only dry No have continue the processing of being exposed to the sun) is made culture material and mixes the waste cotton cultivating straw mushroom, on the first eight day (same day that comprises sowing after planting, down together) the mycelia growing way of straw mushroom is fine (obviously better with the mycelia of pure waste cotton cultivation than contrast, this is relevant with water lettuce culture material nitrogen content height), fruiting is also very normal, even than also good with the fruiting effect of pure waste cotton cultivation, but in case enter the 9th to the 11 day, the decay that the straw mushroom mycelia shows with regard to Chu Xian Ming, time, more long decline was more obvious, the mushroom flower bud new to the tenth daystart substantially no longer grows, and the mushroom that does not grow up (less sporophore) also began poor growth to occur or stops growing so that begin to occur the atrophy phenomenon, began to occur dead mushroom by the 12 day, basically be that little mushroom is dead earlier, the vitality of big mushroom is died an death slower more by force, even the whole phenomenons of atrophy death together of the little mushroom in full room also can occur, has had a strong impact on the output of straw mushroom.By analysis, this phenomenon is to discharge polyphenols gradually by water lettuce to cause, in the first eight day since the few Gu No of polyphenols burst size impact, to entering the 9th to the 11 day, the polyphenols Zhu Walk that culture material discharges increases, and its influence to straw mushroom also progressively strengthens, release and accumulation to the 12 day beginning polyphenols reach peak value, the little mushroom in the large quantities of even full room dead phenomenon of being injured just occurred.
Polyphenols is a kind of bacteriocidal substance, can cause protein denaturation and solidify, and tangible bacteriostatic action is arranged.The cell of straw mushroom mycelium and sporophore is formed by protein, and polyphenolic compound can make protein coagulating, and stronger anti-oxidant and germicidal action is arranged, and the PPO quantity of straw mushroom mycelium secretion is few, can not contend with the polyphenols that water lettuce discharges.Because the straw mushroom mycelia can not secrete the polyphenolic compound that enough polyphenoloxidase come the oxygenolysis water lettuce to discharge, so the phenomenon that above-mentioned polyphenols suppresses and murder straw mushroom mycelia and sporophore occurs.
Analyze according to above-mentioned repetitious test, can prove can not be as straw mushroom culture material cultivating straw mushroom without the water lettuce of suitably handling.Therefore, the present invention utilizes the key of water lettuce making straw mushroom culture material will degrade exactly or eliminates polyphenols.
Compared with prior art, the method of making straw mushroom culture material provided by the invention, straw mushroom culture material prescription and Volvaria volvacea cultivation method, the water lettuce resource that utilization is salvaged from rivers, manufacture the straw mushroom culture material as Volvaria volvacea cultivation, can reduce the cost of straw mushroom industry culture material significantly, find the approach that water lettuce is rationally utilized again, can be a large sum of expense that government saves the landfill disposal water lettuce, with land resources and the construction cost of saving landfill yard, reduce environmental pollution; The straw mushroom that the culture material that utilizes water lettuce to make is simultaneously cultivated, the food sanitation safe index of product are better than what use waste cotton to cultivate.
Description of drawings
It among Fig. 1 the present invention is the flow chart of steps that raw material is made the method for straw mushroom culture material with the water lettuce;
Fig. 2 is that Inspection and Quarantine Technic Center, Guangdong Entry-Exit Inspection and Qu food laboratory is to the examining report of water lettuce;
Fig. 3 a is that China Guangzhou Analysis ﹠. Test Center is to the examining report page 1 of polyphenol content in the water lettuce;
Fig. 3 b is that China Guangzhou Analysis ﹠. Test Center is to the examining report page 2 of polyphenol content in the water lettuce;
Fig. 3 c is that China Guangzhou Analysis ﹠. Test Center is to the examining report page 3 of polyphenol content in the water lettuce;
The Pesticides Testing report of the straw mushroom product that Fig. 4 a produces the culture material that utilizes water lettuce and make for Baiyun District, Guangzhou City agricultural product quality and safety supervision inspection center;
Fig. 4 b is the test item subordinate list one of examining report among Fig. 4 a;
Fig. 4 c is the test item subordinate list two of examining report among Fig. 4 a;
Fig. 4 d is the test item subordinate list three of examining report among Fig. 4 a;
Fig. 4 e is the test item subordinate list four of examining report among Fig. 4 a;
Fig. 4 f is the test item subordinate list five of examining report among Fig. 4 a.
Embodiment
For those skilled in the art can understand technical scheme provided by the present invention better, set forth below in conjunction with specific embodiment.
Seeing also Fig. 1, among this figure the present invention is the flow chart of steps that raw material is made the method for straw mushroom culture material with the water lettuce.
Provided by the invention is the method that raw material is made the straw mushroom culture material with the water lettuce, specifically comprises the steps:
(1) gathers water lettuce, remove rubbish and foreign material clean earlier before the processing.
(2) by broken wire kneading machine water lettuce is carried out fragmentation and rub silk and be processed into the water lettuce particle, the water lettuce particle is particulate state and gentle thread.Broken effect is: the first changes the physical behavior of water lettuce, allow it be conducive to be absorbed by the straw mushroom mycelia, it two is the activity that intensify polyphenoloxidase in the water lettuce plant (PPO) by fragmentation, be conducive to assist degraded, oxidation, elimination polyphenols, PPO non-activity or activity without water lettuce under the broken native state are lower, and it three is to be easy to drying and oxide treatment after the broken processing.
(3) the water lettuce particle is fully accepted being exposed to the sun of sunlight, until the water ratio of water lettuce particle at 10%-15%.Fresh water lettuce is difficult to preserve, easy putrid fermentation, especially after fragmentation, its fermentation time is more long, just more easy generation is rotted and hydrolysis has influenced quality and the output of culture material, the polyphenols of its generation simultaneously is just more many, is unfavorable for processing and the Volvaria volvacea cultivation of culture material polyphenols.In order to reduce the fermentation time of water lettuce as far as possible, water lettuce is will be under fresh state broken and spread the processing of being exposed to the sun out as early as possible.Water lettuce spread out Bao Yuehao more, stirring repeatedly allows water lettuce fully accept tanning by the sun of sunlight and ultraviolet irradiation therebetween, under cooperations such as PPO and ultraviolet ray and oxygen, with the polyphenols oxidation of water lettuce, degrades.Be exposed to the sun and will carry out in the weather that sunburst is arranged continuously, the time of Exposure to Sunlight had better not interrupt, and sunlight is more strong, and the effect of processing is just more good.
(4) continue the water lettuce particle was exposed to the sun one to three day, reinforcement is to oxidation and the degradation effect of polyphenols, be exposed to the sun and in the weather that sunburst is arranged continuously, carry out, the time of Exposure to Sunlight had better not interrupt, and sunlight is more strong, and the effect of processing is just more good, this be when being exposed to the sun intensity of sunlight come fixed, as be exposed to the sun when sunlight illumination reaches 60,000 to 100,000 Lux when being exposed to the sun one day just passable, if sunlight illumination is on the low side, the time of being exposed to the sun is wanted proper extension.By the oxygenizement of sunlight, until with polyphenols oxidative degradation, its oxidative degradation to be removed more than 70%, the degraded clearance is more high more good.The water lettuce culture material finished product drying of handling well, water content be at 10%-15%, the somber brown, and this is to generate melanochrome etc. after the plant polyphenol oxidation to cause.
(5) make culture material.
In step (2), in the water lettuce particle, add mainly and cultivate the active liquid of the effective microbe microbial inoculum that forms by EM stoste, bacillus natto and bifidus bacillus, active liquid and water lettuce particle are mixed; The mass ratio of active liquid and water lettuce particle is 0.5 ‰-5 ‰.Active liquid can effectively suppress the rotten speed of water lettuce, reduces overflowing of ammonia, prevents that culture material is smelly, improves the quality of culture material.
In addition, the present invention also provides a kind of straw mushroom culture material prescription, comprises following component:
30 parts of the culture materials that above-mentioned method makes
50 parts of waste cottons
20 parts in corn hair
Above component is parts by weight; Culture material, waste cotton and corn hair are siccative.When the corn hair is corn threshing, remove the waste material behind corn grain and the corn cob, contain broken corn grain, broken corn cob, corn husk coat, Stigma Maydis etc.The corn hair available can, the purpose of use mainly is to produce in order to save.
Be that the straw mushroom culture material made of raw material is because the nitrogen content height with the water lettuce, when using, Volvaria volvacea cultivation should not cultivate with 100% pure culture material, otherwise easily cause ammonia overweight and influence straw mushroom mycelium germination and growth, preferably and other culture material such as waste cotton, straw, the corn hair, bagasse, Chinese medicine slags etc. mix use, culture material usage quantity GPRS is advisable with interior in 50% of straw mushroom substratum total amount, can determine consumption according to mix the height that uses the culture material nitrogen content with it, the consumption that nitrogen content is high should be a little less, the consumption that nitrogen content is low should be more, and the concrete prescription of straw mushroom substratum can be grasped flexibly according to practical situation.
Moreover the present invention also provides a kind of Volvaria volvacea cultivation method, may further comprise the steps:
(s1) according to above-mentioned component preparation culture material;
(s2) culture material is handled: culture material is mixed put into framework, layering adds the lime water tramples and soaks, and the consumption of lime is the 4%-10% of substratum total mass; Or the water lettuce culture material stay do not handle, second day culture material advances before the mushroom room lime with the drenched 1-3% of adding of water lettuce culture material water again by the time, again with trample the culture material that soaks before and mix thoroughly and can enter the mushroom room;
(s3) culture material enters the mushroom room: the culture material stack retting of step (s2) was stirred after 18-26 hour namely will enter the room, long to prevent the culture material fermentation time, cause that polyphenols release influences the straw mushroom growth, its pH value control is between 8-9, and the moisture of culture material remains on 60%-70%;
(s4) Secondary Fermentation: mushroom room temperature is 70 ℃-90 ℃ during high-temperature sterilization, and the time length is more than 10 hours;
(s5) sowing: can broadcast bacterial classification when culture material material heart temperature drops to 33 ℃-40 ℃, the sowing temperature can with height a bit can be grasped sowing when expecting warm 37-40 ℃ when temperature was low in the winter time; Temperature can reduce a bit when summer temperature is high, can grasp sowing when expecting warm 33-36 ℃.
The every management of other of Volvaria volvacea cultivation method of the present invention is identical with the method for utilizing the interior bed cultivation of waste chamber with cultivation technique.
Utilize the water lettuce culture material to replace the effect of waste cotton cultivating straw mushroom: with 30% with interior water lettuce culture material, the output of cultivating straw mushroom is the same substantially with the waste cotton culture material in straw mushroom culture material prescription; With 50% water lettuce culture material, output has decline in various degree; When replacing the waste cotton cultivation with 100% water lettuce culture material, output descend can to 50% or more than.During application consumption should grasp 30% with Inner for well, surpass 50%.Utilize water lettuce culture material cultivating straw mushroom, believe that along with development of technology the output of straw mushroom can be improved accordingly.
Compared with prior art, the method of making straw mushroom culture material provided by the invention, straw mushroom culture material prescription and Volvaria volvacea cultivation method, the water lettuce resource that utilization is salvaged from rivers, manufacture the straw mushroom culture material as Volvaria volvacea cultivation, can reduce the cost of straw mushroom industry culture material significantly, find an approach that water lettuce is rationally utilized again, can be a large sum of expense that government saves the landfill disposal water lettuce; The straw mushroom that the culture material that utilizes water lettuce to make is simultaneously cultivated, the food sanitation safe index of straw mushroom product are better than what use waste cotton to cultivate.Particularly, have following some:
1, untreated water lettuce is rich in plant polyphenol, since the polyphenoloxidase of straw mushroom system a little less than, so influencing it to polyphenols than sensitivity, straw mushroom grows, the straw mushroom mycelia can not secrete enough polyphenoloxidase oxidative degradation polyphenolic compounds, so along with the growth of straw mushroom mycelia and the fermentation of culture material, the polyphenolic compound of culture material can progressively discharge, and causes decline gradually, atrophy and the death of straw mushroom mycelium, sporophore; The invention solves degraded, eliminate the difficult problem of the polyphenols in the water lettuce, and successfully utilize it to produce straw mushroom.
2, will put in order the fresh water lettuce of strain and be broken into particulate state and gentle thread, reasonably change the physical behavior of water lettuce, and make it more be conducive to the cultivation of straw mushroom.
3, replace the waste cotton culture material to produce straw mushroom with the water lettuce culture material, can reduce the production cost of Volvaria volvacea cultivation significantly, the production cost of water lettuce culture material per ton (siccative) is 600 to 900 yuan.
4, from the angle analysis of environmental protection, this Fa Ming has created an outlet that actual utility value is arranged with discarded water lettuce, makes its pollutent from environment become valuable Biological resources, has accomplished saving resource and resource circulation utilization.For example, between the straw mushroom room of Guangzhou has more than 8000 approximately at present, if ordinary production every day will be with 200 tons of waste cottons (with 20 days as a production cycle, 0.5 ton of calculating of every room materials), as progressively using the water lettuce culture material, and every room consumption 50% calculates, and every day can be with 100 tons of water lettuce culture materials (siccative), calculate with water lettuce water content 93%, namely can utilize more than 1400 ton of fresh water lettuce every day.The water lettuce that can all utilize the Guangzhou to salvage after the application of the present invention, making its change make resource utilization uses, can create good social benefit, for government saves a large amount of water lettuce landfill disposal expenses, the landfill expense of Guangzhou water lettuce per ton is 43 yuan (not comprising expenses such as salvaging and transportation) at present, just can save millions of first landfill expenses for Guangzhou government in 1 year.If this project is more considerable in the expense of the whole province or whole nation popularization back saving.The more important thing is and to save other processing costss and expenses such as the land resources of saving landfill yard and construction in a large number; reduce environmental pollution; preserve the ecological environment, formed the benign cycle of ecological resources, meet environmental and ecological, the low-carbon (LC) advocated the current world and produce the theme of low-carbon (LC) life.
5, except home environment with use the culture material quality and reach the nuisanceless production requirement, in the production process of whole straw mushroom, can not use any chemical fertilizer, do not use any hormone and sanitas, preservation agent and the various additive that may produce harm to human body, and do not use agricultural chemicals as far as possible, strict national food safety and the hygiene control standard carried out, produce the cultivation whole process and must carry out standardized production and strict monitoring, can guarantee that product reaches the pollution-free food standard.
See also Fig. 2, water lettuce shows that through Inspection and Quarantine Technic Center, Guangdong Entry-Exit Inspection and Qu's food laboratory examining report the agricultural chemicals of water lettuce and the content of poisonous metal are extremely low.
See also Fig. 3 a-Fig. 3 c, China Guangzhou Analysis ﹠. Test Center is to the examining report of polyphenol content in the water lettuce.Because plant polyphenol all can't detect temporarily in the feeler mechanism in area, Guangzhou at present, we can only replace with the detected result of tea-polyphenol, and tea-polyphenol is the wherein a kind of of polyphenols.In the examining report of middle Country Guangzhou Institute of Analysis, water lettuce-the 1st directly uses electric drying oven with forced convection with 60 ℃ of oven dry without the peroxidation degradation treatment, and its polyphenol content is 0.46%; Water lettuce-the 2nd rubs silk through Mechanical Crushing and is exposed to the sun in the sun and shone dry-cure in three days, and its polyphenol content is 0.12%.
See also Fig. 4 a-Fig. 4 f, check through Baiyun District, Guangzhou City agricultural product quality and safety supervision inspection center with the straw mushroom product that this culture material is produced, test item meets the project indicator requirement of GB2763-2005 standard, and 96 kinds of agricultural chemicals of test item all do not detect and exceed standard, and sample is qualified.
To the above-mentioned explanation of the disclosed embodiments, make this area professional and technical personnel can realize or use the present invention.Multiple modification to these embodiment will be apparent concerning those skilled in the art, and defined General Principle can realize under the situation that does not break away from the spirit or scope of the present invention in other embodiments herein.Therefore, the present invention will can not be restricted to these embodiment shown in this article, but will meet the wideest scope consistent with principle disclosed herein and features of novelty.
Claims (8)
1. one kind is the method that raw material is made the straw mushroom culture material with the water lettuce, it is characterized in that, comprises the steps:
(1) gathers water lettuce;
(2) water lettuce is carried out break process and form the water lettuce particle; In the water lettuce particle, add mainly and cultivate the active liquid that forms by EM stoste, bacillus natto and bifidus bacillus, active liquid and water lettuce particle are mixed; The mass ratio of active liquid and water lettuce particle is 0.5 ‰-5 ‰;
(3) the water lettuce particle is fully accepted being exposed to the sun of sunlight, until the water ratio of water lettuce particle at 10%-20%;
(4) make culture material.
2. according to claim 1 is the method that raw material is made the straw mushroom culture material with the water lettuce, it is characterized in that, in described step (2), the water lettuce particle is particulate state and/or gentle thread.
3. according to claim 1 is the method that raw material is made the straw mushroom culture material with the water lettuce, it is characterized in that, in described step (3), the water lettuce particle is fully accepted being exposed to the sun of sunburst, during stirring repeatedly, make water lettuce fully accept the irradiation of sunlight, the illumination of sunlight will reach 30,000 to 100,000 Lux, the more big effect of illumination is more good, polyphenols oxidative degradation can be removed more than 70% by being exposed to the sun, until the water ratio of water lettuce particle at 10%-20%.
4. according to claim 3 is the method that raw material is made the straw mushroom culture material with the water lettuce, it is characterized in that, in described step (3), the water lettuce particle is fully accepted being exposed to the sun of sunburst, until the water ratio of water lettuce particle at 10%-15%.
5. according to claim 1 is the method that raw material is made the straw mushroom culture material with the water lettuce, it is characterized in that, also comprises between described step (3) and described step (4): continue the water lettuce particle was exposed to the sun one to three day.
6. a straw mushroom culture material prescription is characterized in that, comprises following component:
15 parts-50 parts of the culture materials that the described method of claim 1 makes
40 parts-60 parts of waste cottons
Above component is parts by weight; Described culture material and described waste cotton are siccative.
7. straw mushroom culture material prescription according to claim 6 is characterized in that, comprises following component:
15 parts-50 parts of the culture materials that the described method of claim 1 makes
40 parts-60 parts of waste cottons
10 parts-30 parts in corn hair
Above component is parts by weight; Described culture material, described waste cotton and described corn hair are siccative.
8. a Volvaria volvacea cultivation method is characterized in that, may further comprise the steps:
(s1) according to claim 6 or 7 each described component preparation culture materials;
(s2) culture material is handled: culture material is mixed put into framework, layering adds the lime water tramples and soaks, and the consumption of lime is the 4%-10% of substratum total mass; Or the water lettuce culture material stay do not handle, second day culture material advances before the mushroom room lime with the drenched 1-3% of adding of water lettuce culture material water again by the time, again with trample the culture material that soaks before and mix thoroughly and can enter the mushroom room;
(s3) culture material enters the mushroom room: the culture material stack retting of step (s2) was stirred after 18-26 hour namely will enter the room, long to prevent the culture material fermentation time, cause that polyphenols release influences the straw mushroom growth, its pH value control is between 8-9, and the moisture of culture material remains on 60%-70%;
(s4) Secondary Fermentation: mushroom room temperature is 70 ℃-90 ℃ during high-temperature sterilization, and the time length is more than 10 hours;
(s5) sowing: can broadcast bacterial classification when culture material material heart temperature drops to 33 ℃-40 ℃, the sowing temperature can with height a bit be grasped sowing when expecting warm 37-40 ℃ when temperature was low in the winter time; Temperature can reduce a bit when summer temperature is high, grasps sowing when expecting warm 33-36 ℃.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 201110270676 CN102336593B (en) | 2011-09-14 | 2011-09-14 | Method for naturally preparing buttonmushroom culture materials, buttonmushroom culture material recipe and culture method |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 201110270676 CN102336593B (en) | 2011-09-14 | 2011-09-14 | Method for naturally preparing buttonmushroom culture materials, buttonmushroom culture material recipe and culture method |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN102336593A CN102336593A (en) | 2012-02-01 |
| CN102336593B true CN102336593B (en) | 2013-07-10 |
Family
ID=45512599
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 201110270676 Expired - Fee Related CN102336593B (en) | 2011-09-14 | 2011-09-14 | Method for naturally preparing buttonmushroom culture materials, buttonmushroom culture material recipe and culture method |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN102336593B (en) |
Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104402614A (en) * | 2014-11-24 | 2015-03-11 | 上海创博生态工程有限公司 | Auricularia auricular cultivation material and manufacturing method thereof |
| CN105884458A (en) * | 2016-04-20 | 2016-08-24 | 云南维美鑫生物科技有限公司 | Water hyacinth growth medium for edible mushrooms and preparation method of water hyacinth growth medium |
Family Cites Families (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1806493A (en) * | 2005-01-21 | 2006-07-26 | 黎吉星 | Method for preparing mushroom culture medium by utilizing common water hyacinthes |
| CN101367676B (en) * | 2008-07-21 | 2012-11-21 | 福建省农业科学院生物技术研究所 | Method of preparing culture medium of edible fungus of water hyacinth |
| CN101692771B (en) * | 2009-09-28 | 2011-02-02 | 广州市白云区农业科学试验中心 | Volvaria volvacea cultivation method |
| CN101697695B (en) * | 2009-10-30 | 2011-05-25 | 江苏省农业科学院 | Method for cultivating edible straw rotting fungus by using water hyacinth as nutrient medium |
-
2011
- 2011-09-14 CN CN 201110270676 patent/CN102336593B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN102336593A (en) | 2012-02-01 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN103214310B (en) | Seedling raising substrate taking Chinese medicinal herb residue as raw material and preparation method thereof | |
| CN102173949B (en) | Straw mushroom culture medium and method for circularly cultivating straw mushrooms | |
| CN105481580B (en) | A kind of Kiwi fertilizer special for organic and preparation method thereof | |
| CN101874445B (en) | Method for culturing organic Chinese chives | |
| CN107759401A (en) | A kind of organic fertilizer and preparation method thereof | |
| CN103992149A (en) | Cucurbit and vegetable seedling organic compound substrate prepared by utilizing vinasse and production method thereof | |
| CN103641599B (en) | Sandalwood cultivation medium and preparation method thereof | |
| CN105001010B (en) | A kind of flue-cured tobacco biological organic fertilizer and preparation method thereof | |
| CN103613459A (en) | Seedling raising substrate for greenhouse planting | |
| CN105294318B (en) | A method of machine transplanting of rice rice seedling raising ground substance is produced using sewage treatment plants anaerobic pond kind mud fermentation of biomass | |
| CN102531801A (en) | Acidic microbial organic fertilizer and preparation method thereof | |
| CN103613470A (en) | Vegetable seedling raising substrate | |
| CN106613488A (en) | Seedling growing feeding block and preparation method thereof | |
| CN109160859A (en) | A method of biological organic fertilizer is produced using dealing with earthworm animal faeces wastes | |
| CN101284742A (en) | Preparation process for worm cast organic fertilizer based on water hyacinth | |
| CN104275345B (en) | The biochemical restorative procedure of heavy-metal contaminated soil | |
| CN103992150A (en) | Cucurbit and vegetable seedling organic compound substrate prepared by utilizing vinasse and production method thereof | |
| CN104262011A (en) | Method of producing watermelon liquid fertilizer by sisal hemp wastewater | |
| CN106977324A (en) | A kind of preparation method of cow dung organic fertilizer | |
| CN101805222A (en) | High-efficiency organic fertilizer combining with medicinal properties and manufacturing method thereof | |
| CN104649812A (en) | Bio-organic fertilizer for eggplant fruits and vegetables and preparation method of bio-organic fertilizer | |
| CN102557801A (en) | Special fertilizer for cultivating dendrobium candidum | |
| CN109020688A (en) | Anaerobism adds the method for aerobic fermentation production ecological organic fertilier | |
| CN104163733B (en) | A kind of organic compost of balcony vegetable plantation containing chinaberry element and preparation method thereof | |
| CN103992192A (en) | Microbial compound fertilizer using fermented Zizania aquatica leaves as matrix and preparation method thereof |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| C06 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| C10 | Entry into substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| C14 | Grant of patent or utility model | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| CF01 | Termination of patent right due to non-payment of annual fee |
Granted publication date: 20130710 Termination date: 20150914 |
|
| EXPY | Termination of patent right or utility model |