CN101692835A - Fruit retention agent as well as preparation method and use method of Feizixiao litchis - Google Patents
Fruit retention agent as well as preparation method and use method of Feizixiao litchis Download PDFInfo
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- CN101692835A CN101692835A CN200910093673A CN200910093673A CN101692835A CN 101692835 A CN101692835 A CN 101692835A CN 200910093673 A CN200910093673 A CN 200910093673A CN 200910093673 A CN200910093673 A CN 200910093673A CN 101692835 A CN101692835 A CN 101692835A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a fruit retention agent as well as a preparation method and a use method of Feizixiao litchis. The fruit retention agent is prepared from amino acid, calcium acetate, borax, fulvic acid, p-chlorophenoxyacetic acid, gibberellin, forchlorfenuron and brassinolide. The fruit retention agent for the Feizixiao litchis is applied to the fruit retention of the Feizixiao litchis ten days after blossom falls in the mode of cluster spraying. The relative fertile fruit percentage of the fruit retention agent is 8.37 percent, which is improved by 37.70 percent compared with that of a contrast, and the weight of single fruit is not influenced. The fruit retention agent has low cost, simple preparation and simple and convenient operation and is easy of large-scale popularization. The fruit retention agent for the Feizixiao litchis is also suitable for the fruit retention of other varieties of litchis.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the fruit retention technology of fruit tree, particularly a kind of imperial concubine laughs at the fruit retention technology of lichee.
Background technology
Lichee (Litchi chinensis Sonn.) originates in China, and its area under cultivation and output account for global 80% and 65%, is the big lichee of the first in the world big producing country.There is more than 2000 year lichee cultivation history in China, has accumulated abundant cultivation experience, also cultivates the many improved seeds that adapt to the different ecological environment simultaneously.
It is the storage tolerance cultivated of China that the imperial concubine laughs at, ripe lichee kind in colory morning, also is the maximum kind of China's outlet.Than other kinds, the imperial concubine laughs at lichee also can carry out flower bud differentiation under higher temperature, becomes flower easier, thereby becomes China's south subtropics, torrid areas main breed.But fruit set percentage of Feizixiao litchi is far below other lichee kinds, and extremely low fruit-setting rate is the key factor that the restriction imperial concubine laughs at lichee output.
It is less that fruit set percentage of Feizixiao litchi is far below the major reason of other kinds (as osmanthus flavor, Huaihe River branch) that the imperial concubine laughs at lichee carpopodium pectin substance content, relatively poor carpopodium particularly grows, its pectin content still less, content of cellulose is then more relatively, cause carpopodium harder and crisp, pliability is relatively poor, lichee produces a large amount of adverse circumstance hormone-abscisic acids, ethene under poor environment (as low temperature overcast and rainy day, high temperature and drought), activated pectinesterase in the carpopodium, pectinase activity, thereby made carpopodium form absciss layer and come off.Thereby promote carpopodium to grow in the phase of bearing fruit, and improve carpopodium pectin substance content, suppress carpopodium pectinesterase, pectinase activity, prevent that absciss layer from forming, and just becomes the key that improves fruit set percentage of Feizixiao litchi.
At present, fruit preservative has " nutrition type ", " plant growth regulator type " to reach " compound " (being nourishing type plant growth regulator) three major types." nutrition type ", it contains nutritive element usually has: nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, zinc, boron; " plant growth regulator type " has growth hormone (as methyl, Nafusaku, 2,4-D, chlorophenoxyacetic acid), cytokinin (as 6-benzyladenine, CPPU), gibberellin and brassin lactones etc.; " compound " then contains growth and development of plants essential nutrient element and plant growth regulator.In this three major types prescription, pure plant growth regulator type is with 2, and the 4-D effect is better, but its side effect is also bigger, easily produces malformed fruit, and working concentration is improper can to suppress fruit growth, even causing shedding, safety is relatively poor, uses continuously also to make plant strain growth bad after several years; Pure nutritional preparation is not owing to have degeneration-resistant environment hormone of a word used in person's names and the plant growth regulator that suppresses pectinesterase, pectinase activity, and the fruit retention effect is limited.And in compound preparation, its plant growth regulator often contains 920 and 2,4-D, nutritional agents often contains nutritive elements such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, iron, boron, the same with pure nutritional preparation, its calcium adopts calcium chloride or nitrate of lime usually, but in the calcium chloride in chlorion, the nitrate of lime nitrate ion all fruit development and quality are had harmful effect, wherein chlorion can influence fruit quality, nitrate ion can promote pulp misgrowth in the nitrate of lime, and make fruit at the later stage dehiscent fruit, and 2, the 4-D negative interaction is as the above.
Therefore, also need at present a kind ofly can laugh at litchi fruits, carpopodium growth and development characteristics, promote carpopodium, fruit development, improve pectin content in the carpopodium, suppress the carpopodium absciss layer and form, improve fruit-setting rate according to the imperial concubine, and safety, economic fruit preservative.
Summary of the invention
The fruit preservative and preparation and the using method that provide a kind of imperial concubine to laugh at lichee is provided the object of the invention, improves fruit-setting rate and output.
A kind of imperial concubine of the present invention laughs at the fruit preservative of lichee, comprises following component (weight portion, down together):
1000000 parts in water, amino acid 80-320 part, calcium acetate 60-180 part, borax 10-50 part, fulvic acid 5-40 part, chlorophenoxyacetic acid 5-35 part, gibberellin 5-30 part, CPPU 2-12 part, brassin lactones 0.01-0.08 part.
Further, a kind of imperial concubine of the present invention laughs at the fruit preservative of lichee, comprises following component:
1000000 parts in water, amino acid/11 20-320 part, calcium acetate 80-150 part, borax 15-45 part, fulvic acid 10-40 part, chlorophenoxyacetic acid 10-35 part, gibberellin 10-30 part, CPPU 4-12 part, brassin lactones 0.02-0.06 part.
One go on foot again, a kind of imperial concubine of the present invention laughs at the fruit preservative of lichee, preferably: 1000000 parts in water, amino acid/11 60-250 part, calcium acetate 80-120 part, borax 20-40 part, fulvic acid 10-40 part, chlorophenoxyacetic acid 10-25 part, gibberellin 10-25 part, CPPU 4-10 part, brassin lactones 0.02-0.05 part.Most preferredly be: 1000000 parts in water, 200 parts in amino acid, 90 parts of calcium acetates, 25 parts of boraxs, 20 parts of fulvic acids, 18 parts of chlorophenoxyacetic acids, 15 parts of gibberellin, 5 parts of CPPUs, 0.05 part of brassin lactones.
Weight portion of the present invention can be known content units such as mg, g, kg.
The fruit preservative preparation method that imperial concubine of the present invention laughs at lichee is: take by weighing following material respectively by component: amino acid, calcium acetate, borax, fulvic acid, chlorophenoxyacetic acid, gibberellin, CPPU and brassin lactones, earlier chlorophenoxyacetic acid, gibberellin and CPPU are dissolved in an amount of hot ethanol (about 50 ℃), again lysate and amino acid, calcium acetate, borax, fulvic acid, brassin lactones are dissolved in the water of corresponding proportion, stirring and evenly mixing promptly gets fruit preservative solution.
For the ease of packing and transportation, can adopt conventional method that imperial concubine of the present invention is laughed at lichee fruit preservative solution and make concentrated solution (as concentrating 1000 times) or pulvis.
The using method that imperial concubine of the present invention laughs at lichee fruit preservative solution is, directly laugh at lichee fruit preservative solution, laugh at litchi the imperial concubine and thank and spent back 10 days to be sprayed on fruit ear, till directly being sprayed onto fruit ear and dripping with the imperial concubine who prepares, every spray in 7-10 days once, spray 2-4 time altogether.
The using method that imperial concubine of the present invention laughs at lichee fruit preservative concentrated solution is, earlier the fruit preservative concentrated solution is diluted to the solution of respective concentration, laughs at litchi the imperial concubine then and thank and spent back 10 days to be sprayed on fruit ear, till directly being sprayed onto fruit ear and dripping, every spray in 7-10 days once, spray 2-4 time altogether.
The using method that imperial concubine of the present invention laughs at lichee fruit preservative pulvis is, earlier the fruit preservative pulvis is dissolved with an amount of hot ethanol (50 ℃), be dissolved in the solution that is made into respective concentration in the water of corresponding proportion according to the weight of fruit preservative pulvis again, laughing at litchi the imperial concubine then thanks and spends back 10 days and be sprayed on fruit ear, till directly being sprayed onto fruit ear and dripping, every spray in 7-10 days once, spray 2-4 time altogether.
Key problem in technology point of the present invention is:
1, the chlorophenoxyacetic acid in the fruit preservative of the present invention is laughed at lichee carpopodium absciss layer to the imperial concubine the strong inhibition effect, and its safety is than 2, and the 4-D height is difficult for producing poisoning, can solve the slower problem of chlorophenoxyacetic acid drug effect and mixes use with CPPU.
2, the CPPU activity in the fruit preservative of the present invention is stronger, and in the easy mobility of plant, has to promote cell division more by force, promotes that carpopodium grows, and improves pectin substance content effect in the carpopodium, and can accelerate the absorption of plant to calcium.
3, the imperial concubine laughs at fruit development needs a large amount of amino acid, and after blooming, the tree body has consumed a large amount of nitrogen elements, is badly in need of replenishing nitrogen nutrition, and amino acid then is nitrogenous source preferably.
4, calcium ion can suppress pectase in the carpopodium, pectinesterase enzymic activity, and calcium acetate not only can provide calcium ion for fruit ear, and carbon source can be provided, and strengthens the fruit retention function.
5, fulvic acid is a kind of active organic molecule, can stimulate carpopodium, fruit development, wherein acid ion can also in and calcium acetate in alkali, make fruit preservative pH maintain proper level.
6, boron can promote sugar to carpopodium, fruit transportation, promotes the differentiation of carpopodium vascular bundle;
7, gibberellin can suppress pectase, pectinesterase enzymic activity, suppresses abscisic acid, ethene generation, thereby can suppress the formation of carpopodium absciss layer.
A kind of imperial concubine of the present invention laughs at the optional gibberellic acid of component gibberellin (GA3) of lichee fruit preservative.
8, brassin lactones is called as the sixth-largest hormone, can promote cell elongation and cell division, promotes the differentiation of carpopodium vascular bundle.
Imperial concubine of the present invention laughs at the lichee fruit preservative, and its safety is higher, is difficult for producing poisoning, and can replenishes the amino acid of the post consumption of blooming; Fruit preservative can promote the imperial concubine to laugh at the lichee carpopodium to grow especially, increases carpopodium pectin substance content, increases the carpopodium diameter, suppresses pectase, pectinesterase enzymic activity, plays good fruit retention effect.Spend back 10 days thanking, adopt the mode of spray fruit ear, every spray in 7-10 days once, spray 2-4 time altogether, fruit-setting rate is 8.73% relatively, and comparison is according to raising 37.70%, and single fruit weight is unaffected; The fruit preservative cost is low, and preparation is simple, and is easy and simple to handle, is easy to large-scale promotion.
Imperial concubine of the present invention laughs at the lichee fruit preservative, also is applicable to the fruit retention of other kind lichee.
Embodiment
Further specify embodiment and effect with following non-limiting embodiment:
Embodiment 1
Take by weighing following material: amino acid 200mg, calcium acetate 90mg, borax 25mg, fulvic acid 20mg, chlorophenoxyacetic acid 18mg, gibberellic acid 15mg, CPPU 5mg, 0.1% brassin lactones 50mg.Earlier chlorophenoxyacetic acid, gibberellic acid, CPPU are added in the 30ml hot ethanol (50 ℃), and with after the glass bar stirring and dissolving, be dissolved in 1 liter of distilled water or the deionized water with amino acid, calcium acetate, borax, fulvic acid, 0.1% brassin lactones, stirring and evenly mixing promptly gets the imperial concubine and laughs at lichee fruit preservative solution.
Laugh at litchi the imperial concubine and thank and spent begin to spray in back 10 days, every spray in 8 days once, spray altogether 3 times, concentrate during spray to be sprayed on fruit ear, directly be sprayed onto drip till.Investigation when spraying preceding and fruit maturation, mensuration fruit quantity and single fruit weight, and calculate relative fruit-setting rate (the preceding really number of fruit maturation fruit in season number/spray medicine), result of implementation is tested with the t test.The result shows that the relative fruit-setting rate that uses the imperial concubine to laugh at the lichee fruit preservative is 8.73%, and single fruit weight is 23.6 grams, contrasts 6.34%, 23.2 gram that is respectively of (spray clear water).Through the t check, the relative fruit-setting rate that fruit preservative is handled and the utmost point significant difference level that relatively reaches of contrast, the raising 37.70% of the relative fruit-setting rate comparison photograph that fruit preservative is handled, both then do not have significant difference on single fruit weight.
Embodiment 2
Take by weighing following material: amino acid/11 80mg, calcium acetate 80mg, borax 20mg, fulvic acid 15mg, chlorophenoxyacetic acid 10mg, gibberellic acid 10mg, CPPU 4mg, 0.1% brassin lactones 25mg.Earlier chlorophenoxyacetic acid, gibberellic acid, CPPU are added in the 30ml hot ethanol (50 ℃), and with after the glass bar stirring and dissolving, be dissolved in 1 liter of distilled water or the deionized water with amino acid, calcium acetate, borax, fulvic acid, 0.1% brassin lactones, stirring and evenly mixing promptly gets the imperial concubine and laughs at lichee fruit preservative solution.
Laugh at litchi the imperial concubine and thank and spent begin to spray in back 10 days, every spray in 8 days once, spray altogether 3 times, concentrate during spray to be sprayed on fruit ear, directly be sprayed onto drip till.Investigation when spraying preceding and fruit maturation, mensuration fruit quantity and single fruit weight, and calculate relative fruit-setting rate (the preceding really number of fruit maturation fruit in season number/spray medicine), result of implementation is tested with the t test.The result shows that the relative fruit-setting rate that uses the imperial concubine to laugh at the lichee fruit preservative is 7.83%, and single fruit weight is 23.4 grams, contrasts 6.14%, 23.1 gram that is respectively of (spray clear water).Through the t check, the relative fruit-setting rate that fruit preservative is handled and the significant difference level that relatively reaches of contrast, the raising 27.52% of the fruit-setting rate comparison photograph that fruit preservative is handled, and both do not have significant difference on single fruit weight.
Embodiment 3
Take by weighing following material: amino acid/11 20mg, calcium acetate 80mg, borax 15mg, fulvic acid 10mg, chlorophenoxyacetic acid 10mg, gibberellic acid 10mg, CPPU 4mg, 0.1% brassin lactones 20mg.Earlier chlorophenoxyacetic acid, gibberellic acid, CPPU, brassin lactones are added in the 30ml hot ethanol (50 ℃), and with after the glass bar stirring and dissolving, be dissolved in 1 liter of distilled water or the deionized water with amino acid, calcium acetate, borax, fulvic acid, 0.1% brassin lactones, stirring and evenly mixing promptly gets the imperial concubine and laughs at lichee fruit preservative solution.
Laugh at litchi the imperial concubine and thank and spent begin to spray in back 10 days, every spray in 7 days once, spray altogether 3 times, concentrate during spray to be sprayed on fruit ear, directly be sprayed onto drip till.Investigation when spraying preceding and fruit maturation, mensuration fruit quantity and single fruit weight, and calculate relative fruit-setting rate (the preceding really number of fruit maturation fruit in season number/spray medicine), result of implementation is tested with the t test.The result shows that the relative fruit-setting rate that uses the imperial concubine to laugh at the lichee fruit preservative is 6.96%, and single fruit weight is 23.1 grams, contrasts 6.45%, 22.9 gram that is respectively of (spray clear water).Through the t check, the relative fruit-setting rate that fruit preservative is handled and the significant difference level that relatively reaches of contrast, the raising 7.91% of the relative fruit-setting rate comparison photograph that fruit preservative is handled, and both do not have significant difference on single fruit weight.
Embodiment 4
Take by weighing following material: amino acid 80mg, calcium acetate 60mg, borax 10mg, fulvic acid 5mg, chlorophenoxyacetic acid 5mg, gibberellic acid 5mg, CPPU 2mg, 0.1% brassin lactones 10mg.Earlier chlorophenoxyacetic acid, gibberellic acid, CPPU are added in the 30ml hot ethanol (50 ℃), and with after the glass bar stirring and dissolving, be dissolved in 1 liter of distilled water or the deionized water with amino acid, calcium acetate, borax, fulvic acid, 0.1% brassin lactones, stirring and evenly mixing promptly gets the imperial concubine and laughs at lichee fruit preservative solution.
Laugh at litchi the imperial concubine and thank and spent begin to spray in back 10 days, every spray in 7 days once, spray altogether 4 times, concentrate during spray to be sprayed on fruit ear, directly be sprayed onto drip till.Investigation when spraying preceding and fruit maturation, mensuration fruit quantity and single fruit weight, and calculate relative fruit-setting rate (the preceding really number of fruit maturation fruit in season number/spray medicine), result of implementation is tested with the t test.The result shows that the relative fruit-setting rate that uses the imperial concubine to laugh at the lichee fruit preservative is 6.85%, and single fruit weight is 23.0 grams, contrasts 6.48%, 22.8 gram that is respectively of (spray clear water).Through the t check, the relative fruit-setting rate that fruit preservative is handled and the significant difference level that relatively reaches of contrast, the raising 5.71% of the relative fruit-setting rate comparison photograph that fruit preservative is handled, and both do not have significant difference on single fruit weight.
Embodiment 5
Take by weighing following material: amino acid 320mg, calcium acetate 180mg, borax 50mg, fulvic acid 40mg, chlorophenoxyacetic acid 35mg, gibberellic acid 30mg, CPPU 12mg, 0.1% brassin lactones 80mg.Earlier chlorophenoxyacetic acid, gibberellic acid, CPPU are added in the 30ml hot ethanol (50 ℃), and with after the glass bar stirring and dissolving, be dissolved in 1 liter of distilled water or the deionized water with amino acid, calcium acetate, borax, fulvic acid, 0.1% brassin lactones, stirring and evenly mixing promptly gets the imperial concubine and laughs at lichee fruit preservative solution.
Laugh at litchi the imperial concubine and thank and spent begin to spray in back 10 days, every spray in 10 days once, spray altogether 2 times, concentrate during spray to be sprayed on fruit ear, directly be sprayed onto drip till.Investigation when spraying preceding and fruit maturation, mensuration fruit quantity and single fruit weight, and calculate relative fruit-setting rate (the preceding really number of fruit maturation fruit in season number/spray medicine), result of implementation is tested with the T test.The result shows that the relative fruit-setting rate that uses the imperial concubine to laugh at the lichee fruit preservative is 6.73%, and single fruit weight is 22.7 grams, contrasts 6.40%, 22.9 gram that is respectively of (spray clear water).Through the t check, the relative fruit-setting rate that fruit preservative is handled and the significant difference level that relatively reaches of contrast, the comparison that fruit preservative is handled is according to raising 5.16%, and both do not have significant difference on single fruit weight.
Embodiment 6
Take by weighing following material: amino acid/11 80.00g, calcium acetate 100.00g, borax 30.000g, fulvic acid 15.000g, chlorophenoxyacetic acid 15.000g, gibberellic acid 18.000g, CPPU 4.000g, 0.1% brassin lactones 30.000g.Earlier chlorophenoxyacetic acid, gibberellic acid, CPPU are added in the 30ml hot ethanol (50 ℃), and with after the glass bar stirring and dissolving, be dissolved in 1 liter of distilled water or deionized water with amino acid, calcium acetate, borax, fulvic acid, 0.1% brassin lactones, stirring and evenly mixing promptly gets the imperial concubine and laughs at lichee fruit preservative concentrated solution.
1000 times of fruit preservative concentrated solution dilute with waters, laugh at litchi the imperial concubine and thank and spent begin to spray in back 10 days, every spray in 8 days once, spray altogether 3 times, concentrate during spray to be sprayed on fruit ear, directly be sprayed onto drip till.Investigation when spraying preceding and fruit maturation, mensuration fruit quantity and single fruit weight, and calculate relative fruit-setting rate (the preceding really number of fruit maturation fruit in season number/spray medicine), result of implementation is tested with the t test.The result shows that the relative fruit-setting rate that uses the imperial concubine to laugh at the lichee fruit preservative is 8.02%, and single fruit weight is 23.1 grams, contrasts 6.36%, 22.9 gram that is respectively of (spray clear water).Through the t check, the relative fruit-setting rate that fruit preservative is handled and the significant difference level that relatively reaches of contrast, the raising 26.10% of the relative fruit-setting rate comparison photograph that fruit preservative is handled, both then do not have significant difference on single fruit weight.
Embodiment 7
Take by weighing following material respectively: amino acid 220.00g, calcium acetate 120.00g, borax 20.000g, fulvic acid 22.000g, chlorophenoxyacetic acid 20.000g, gibberellic acid 10.000g, CPPU 4.000g, 0.1% brassin lactones 30.000g mixes with the above-mentioned amino acid that takes by weighing, calcium acetate, borax, fulvic acid behind the chlorophenoxyacetic acid, gibberellic acid, CPPU and the 0.1% brassin lactones mixing that take by weighing earlier again, gets the fruit preservative pulvis.
Take by weighing fruit preservative pulvis 6.690 grams, be added in the 30ml hot ethanol (50 ℃), and with after the glass bar stirring and dissolving, fall in 15 premium on currency, and stir, and laugh at litchi in the imperial concubine and thank and spent begin to spray in back 10 days, every spray in 8 days once, spray altogether 3 times, concentrate during spray to be sprayed on fruit ear, directly be sprayed onto drip till.Investigation when spraying preceding and fruit maturation, mensuration fruit quantity and single fruit weight, and calculate relative fruit-setting rate (the preceding really number of fruit maturation fruit in season number/spray medicine), result of implementation is tested with the t test.The result shows that the relative fruit-setting rate that uses the imperial concubine to laugh at the lichee fruit preservative is 7.92%, and single fruit weight is 23.0 grams, contrasts 6.41%, 22.7 gram that is respectively of (spray clear water).Through the t check, the relative fruit-setting rate that fruit preservative is handled and the significant difference level that relatively reaches of contrast, the raising 23.56% of the relative fruit-setting rate comparison photograph that fruit preservative is handled, both then do not have significant difference on single fruit weight.
Claims (7)
1. an imperial concubine laughs at the fruit preservative of lichee, it is characterized in that this fruit preservative contains following component, the weight portion of each component is respectively: 1000000 parts in water, amino acid 80-320 part, calcium acetate 60-180 part, borax 10-50 part, fulvic acid 5-40 part, chlorophenoxyacetic acid 5-35 part, gibberellin 5-30 part, CPPU 2-12 part, brassin lactones 0.01-0.08 part.
2. a kind of imperial concubine according to claim 1 laughs at the fruit preservative of lichee, the preparation method who it is characterized in that this fruit preservative takes by weighing following material respectively by component: amino acid, calcium acetate, borax, fulvic acid, chlorophenoxyacetic acid, gibberellin, CPPU, brassin lactones, earlier chlorophenoxyacetic acid, gibberellin, CPPU are dissolved in an amount of hot ethanol, again lysate and amino acid, calcium acetate, borax, fulvic acid, brassin lactones are dissolved in the water of corresponding proportion stirring and evenly mixing.
3. a kind of imperial concubine according to claim 1 and 2 laughs at the fruit preservative of lichee, it is characterized in that adopting conventional method that this fruit preservative solution is made concentrated solution or pulvis.
4. use claim 1 or 2 described imperial concubines to laugh at lichee fruit preservative using method, it is characterized in that directly laughing at lichee fruit preservative solution, laugh at litchi the imperial concubine and thank and spent back 10 days to be sprayed on fruit ear, till directly being sprayed onto fruit ear and dripping with the imperial concubine who prepares, every spray in 7-10 days once, spray 2-4 time altogether.
5. use the described imperial concubine of claim 3 to laugh at the using method of lichee fruit preservative concentrated solution, it is characterized in that earlier the fruit preservative concentrate being diluted to the solution of respective concentration, laughing at litchi the imperial concubine then thanks and spends back 10 days and be sprayed on fruit ear, till directly being sprayed onto fruit ear and dripping, every spray in 7-10 days once, spray 2-4 time altogether.
6. use the described imperial concubine of claim 3 to laugh at the using method of lichee fruit preservative pulvis, it is characterized in that earlier the fruit preservative pulvis being dissolved with an amount of hot ethanol, be dissolved in the solution that is made into respective concentration in the water of corresponding proportion according to the weight of fruit preservative pulvis again, laughing at litchi the imperial concubine then thanks and spends back 10 days and be sprayed on fruit ear, till directly being sprayed onto fruit ear and dripping, every spray in 7-10 days once, spray 2-4 time altogether.
7. laugh at the lichee fruit preservative according to the described imperial concubine of arbitrary claim among the claim 1-3, also be applicable to the fruit retention of other kind lichee.
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2009
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