CN101680326B - 用于使内燃发动机的微粒过滤器再生的方法 - Google Patents

用于使内燃发动机的微粒过滤器再生的方法 Download PDF

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CN101680326B
CN101680326B CN2008800180986A CN200880018098A CN101680326B CN 101680326 B CN101680326 B CN 101680326B CN 2008800180986 A CN2008800180986 A CN 2008800180986A CN 200880018098 A CN200880018098 A CN 200880018098A CN 101680326 B CN101680326 B CN 101680326B
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S·平托
L·真蒂莱
A·马蒂亚
G·格拉索
D·德真纳罗
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    • F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
    • F01N3/021—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
    • F01N3/023—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters using means for regenerating the filters, e.g. by burning trapped particles
    • F01N3/025—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters using means for regenerating the filters, e.g. by burning trapped particles using fuel burner or by adding fuel to exhaust
    • F01N3/0253—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters using means for regenerating the filters, e.g. by burning trapped particles using fuel burner or by adding fuel to exhaust adding fuel to exhaust gases
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    • F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
    • F01N3/021—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
    • F01N3/023—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters using means for regenerating the filters, e.g. by burning trapped particles
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    • F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
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    • F01N3/24—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by constructional aspects of converting apparatus
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    • F01N3/24—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by constructional aspects of converting apparatus
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    • F02M63/00—Other fuel-injection apparatus having pertinent characteristics not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00; Details, component parts, or accessories of fuel-injection apparatus, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus of groups F02M39/00 - F02M61/00 or F02M67/00; Combination of fuel pump with other devices, e.g. lubricating oil pump
    • F02M63/02—Fuel-injection apparatus having several injectors fed by a common pumping element, or having several pumping elements feeding a common injector; Fuel-injection apparatus having provisions for cutting-out pumps, pumping elements, or injectors; Fuel-injection apparatus having provisions for variably interconnecting pumping elements and injectors alternatively
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种内燃发动机，其包括设有汽缸(8)的驱动单元(2)；包括微粒过滤器(29)的排气单元(5)；用于向所述汽缸(8)和所述排气单元(5)供给的助燃空气供给单元(3)；包括高压泵单元(17)且用于向所述汽缸(8)供给燃料的单元(4)；所述内燃发动机(1)包括用于向所述排气单元(5)供给后燃燃料的装置(6)；所述供给装置(6)包括与所述高压泵单元(17)的加压燃料出口连接的供给管线(33)。其中，所述供给装置(6)包括连接件(34)，该连接件(34)能够与所述高压泵单元(17)的出口管(44)连接，并且具有燃料流横截面的收缩部(43)，以便在上游减弱压力波动，将其减小到平均值±0.5巴以内。

Description

用于使内燃发动机的微粒过滤器再生的方法
背景技术
柴油动力的内燃发动机的排放物中包含大量的微粒并且受限于严格的防污法规。柴油发动机安装有微粒过滤器，以便保留微粒并且符合现有法规规定的防污参数。微粒过滤器的能力有限，并且微粒过滤器必须定期借助于燃烧掉过滤器中的微粒的循环而再生。微粒的燃烧产生二氧化碳，所述二氧化碳和废气一起被从过滤器中排出并且实际上确保了微粒过滤器的净化。执行微粒过滤器再生的需要依据内燃发动机的运转速度和运转速度瞬态。事实上，内燃发动机的特定工作状况产生了能够开始燃烧由过滤器保留的微粒的废气温度，同时产生了执行燃烧所需的氧的供给，并且部分地使得过滤器没有微粒。然而，产生上述状况的运转速度和瞬态不能维持足够的时长以实现微粒过滤器完全再生(净化)，并且因此为了执行微粒过滤器的完全再生(净化)，废气的温度和过量空气的状态必须被确定并被维持足够的时长。
触发微粒过滤器内部的微粒燃烧所需要的温度借助于在排气管中供给的过量空气和燃料在排气管中的后燃而提供。
后燃沿排气管在微粒过滤器的上游执行并且需要以超过6巴的平均压力将燃料供给到该位置处。这意味着车辆必须安装有能够在内燃发动机的任何工作状态下在微粒过滤器的上游供给燃料的燃料泵。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种用于使内燃发动机的微粒过滤器再生的方法，该方法没有现有技术的缺陷并且特别经济。
根据本发明，提供了一种用于使内燃发动机的微粒过滤器再生的方法，所述方法包括在微粒过滤器的上游向排气管中供给助燃空气以便在排气管中执行后燃、以及通过高压泵单元向内燃发动机的汽缸供给燃料的步骤，所述方法的特征在于通过高压泵单元向排气管中供给燃料。
本发明还涉及一种内燃发动机。
根据本发明，提供了一种内燃发动机，所述发动机包括设有汽缸的驱动单元、包括微粒过滤器的排气单元；用于向所述汽缸和排气单元供给的助燃空气供给单元；包括高压泵单元的用于向所述汽缸供给燃料的单元；所述内燃发动机的特征在于，其包括用于向所述排气单元供给后燃燃料的装置；所述供给装置包括与所述高压泵单元的加压燃料出口连接的供给管线。所述供给装置包括连接件，该连接件能够与所述高压泵单元的出口管连接，并且具有燃料流横截面的收缩部，以便在上游减弱压力波动，将其减小到平均值±0.5巴以内。
具体实施方式
参照附图、通过依据本发明的实施方式的非限制性示例的说明，本发明的其它特征和优点将变得清楚，所述附图是本发明内燃发动机的示意性视图，为清楚起见除去了部分部件。
在附图中，1表示整个内燃发动机，其包括驱动单元2；用于向驱动单元2供给助燃空气的单元3；用于向驱动单元2供给燃料，更特别地供给柴油燃料的单元4；用于燃烧过的气体的排气单元5和用于向排气单元5中供给燃料以用于在排气单元5中执行后燃的装置6。
驱动单元2包括汽缸盖7，该汽缸盖包含四个汽缸8，所述四个汽缸8中的每一个都直接与助燃空气供给单元3、燃料供给单元4和排气单元5连通。驱动单元2将热能转换为供给到驱动轴9的机械能。
供给单元3包括与各汽缸8连接的供给管线10、压缩机11、加热器12和用于调节气流的阀门13。
燃料供给单元4为所谓的共轨类型并且包括燃料罐14和供给管线15，所述供给管线具有沿其连续地布置的过滤器16、高压泵单元17和用于所有汽缸6的共用分配歧管18。供给装置4包括四个喷射器19，所述四个喷射器19中的每一个都与相应的汽缸6相关联并且通过相应的管线20与分配歧管18连接。
高压泵单元17包括活塞泵21和齿轮泵22，该齿轮泵22具有向活塞泵21供给并且选择性地向燃料供给装置6供给的功能。高压泵单元17包括用于致动活塞泵21和齿轮泵22的轴23和用于将驱动轴9与致动轴23连接的运动传动单元24(以虚线示意性地表示)。
排气单元5包括与汽缸8连接的排气管25；被容纳在排气管25内部并且通过轴27与压缩机11连接的涡轮；沿排气管25布置的燃烧室28；以及被容纳在排气管25内部燃烧室28下游的微粒过滤器29。
供给单元3借助于旁通管30与排气单元5连接；更特别地，旁通管30在压缩机11的下游沿供给管线10布置并且在燃烧室28的上游沿排气管25布置。调节阀31和用于将空气加热到接近废气温度的温度的加热器32连续地沿旁通管30布置。
供给装置6能够在微粒过滤器29的上游提供燃烧室28中后燃所必需的燃料，并且包括在紧靠燃烧室28的上游将高压泵单元17直接与排气管25连接的燃料供给管线33；用于将所述供给管线33与高压泵单元17连接的连接件34；被设计为向排气管25中喷射燃料的燃料喷射器35；用于选择性地沿供给管线33供给燃料的开/关型截流阀36；和控制单元37。
控制单元37用于产生用于微粒过滤器29再生的循环的致动，并且从而依据微粒过滤器29的饱和度和排气管25中废气的温度而计量排气管内部的燃料流量。
更特别地，排气管25安装有用于检测微粒过滤器29上游和下游的压力差并发出关于所述压力差的信号DP的差压传感器38；布置在燃烧室28的上游并且被设计为发出温度信号T1的温度传感器39；和布置在燃烧室28与微粒过滤器29之间并且被设计为发出温度信号T2的温度传感器40。
在使用期间，控制单元37在比较单元41中将信号DP与阈值DPS相比较；当信号DP大于阈值DPS时，控制单元37发出打开截流阀31的再生信号RS。将信号T1和T2与用于微粒自动燃烧的值TA和安全值TS进行比较。在实践中，自动燃烧值TA与微粒的自动燃烧温度有关，即超过所述温度，微粒燃烧并且转化为一氧化碳，而安全值TS与一个温度有关，超过该温度，排气单元5的结构部件可能遭受由与后燃和废气有关的高温所引起的损害。
基本上，控制单元37在比较单元42中将温度信号T1和T2与自动燃烧值TA和安全值TS进行比较，并且基于算法发出用于致动燃料喷射器35的计量信号DS，所述算法在不存在超过安全值TS的风险的情况下，保持温度信号T2尽可能高并且在任何情况下都比自动燃烧值TA高。
供给装置6的连接件34包括用于衰减由齿轮泵22产生的压力波动的沿燃料流横截面的收缩部43。此外，收缩部43具有当排出一部分燃料用于后燃时防止高压泵单元17内部产生压力降的优点。
所描述的方法成本低，因为将普通的高压泵单元改造成具有该新功能所需的改进只涉及相对少数的特征。实际上，只需要给所述高压泵单元17添加基本上由可以与连接件34接合的出口管44限定的辅助出口，以便向排气管线25供给通过齿轮泵22泵取的燃料。
虽然在本说明书中，特别地涉及的是特定的再生形式，但是本发明的应用可以扩展到需要使用燃料的微粒过滤器的任何再生形式。

Claims (6)

1.内燃发动机，其包括设有汽缸（8）的驱动单元（2）；包括微粒过滤器（29）的排气单元（5）；用于向所述汽缸（8）和所述排气单元（5）供给的助燃空气供给单元（3）；包括高压泵单元（17）且用于向所述汽缸（8）供给燃料的单元（4）；所述内燃发动机（1）的特征在于，其包括用于向所述排气单元（5）供给后燃燃料的供给装置（6）；所述供给装置（6）包括与所述高压泵单元（17）的加压燃料出口连接的供给管线（33），
其中，所述供给装置（6）包括连接件（34），该连接件（34）能够与所述高压泵单元（17）的出口管（44）连接，并且具有燃料流横截面的收缩部（43），以便在上游减弱压力波动，将其减小到平均值±0.5巴以内。
2.根据权利要求1所述的内燃发动机，其特征在于，所述高压泵单元（17）包括活塞泵（21）和齿轮泵（22），所述燃料出口布置在所述齿轮泵（22）和活塞泵（21）之间。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的内燃发动机，其特征在于，所述供给装置（6）包括用于定量供应所述排气单元（5）中的燃料的燃料喷射器（35）。
4.根据权利要求1或2所述的内燃发动机，其特征在于，所述排气单元（5）包括与所述汽缸（8）连接的排气管（25），所述供给装置（6）包括沿在所述高压泵单元（17）和所述排气管之间延伸的燃料供给管线（33）布置的截流阀（36），以用于选择性地中断/允许燃料在所述高压泵单元（17）和所述排气管（25）之间的流动。
5.根据权利要求4所述的内燃发动机，其特征在于，所述截流阀（33）是常闭的开/关电动阀；所述截流阀借助于由控制单元（37）发出的再生信号（RS）打开。
6.根据权利要求3所述的内燃发动机，其特征在于，所述排气单元（5）包括与所述汽缸（8）连接的排气管（25），所述供给装置（6）包括沿在所述高压泵单元（17）和所述排气管之间延伸的燃料供给管线（33）布置的截流阀（36），以用于选择性地中断/允许燃料在所述高压泵单元（17）和所述排气管（25）之间的流动。
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