CN101619697A - 用于快速起动发动机和混合动力系统的装置和方法 - Google Patents

用于快速起动发动机和混合动力系统的装置和方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN101619697A
CN101619697A CN200910151307A CN200910151307A CN101619697A CN 101619697 A CN101619697 A CN 101619697A CN 200910151307 A CN200910151307 A CN 200910151307A CN 200910151307 A CN200910151307 A CN 200910151307A CN 101619697 A CN101619697 A CN 101619697A
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China
Prior art keywords
motor
clutch
vehicle
speed changer
power system
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CN200910151307A
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English (en)
Inventor
H·索乌尔
V·M·罗西斯
R·L·梅兰森
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GM Global Technology Operations LLC
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GM Global Technology Operations LLC
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Publication of CN101619697A publication Critical patent/CN101619697A/zh
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    • B60W20/00Control systems specially adapted for hybrid vehicles
    • B60W20/40Controlling the engagement or disengagement of prime movers, e.g. for transition between prime movers
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60K6/00Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/36Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the transmission gearings
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    • B60K6/44Series-parallel type
    • B60K6/442Series-parallel switching type
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60K6/00Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
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    • B60K6/445Differential gearing distribution type
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    • B60K6/00Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
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    • B60K6/50Architecture of the driveline characterised by arrangement or kind of transmission units
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    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • Y02TCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/62Hybrid vehicles

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
  • Hybrid Electric Vehicles (AREA)
  • Arrangement Of Transmissions (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及用于快速起动发动机和混合动力系统的装置和方法。车辆包括车辆发动机和变速器。第一电动机可传动地连接到变速器。第二电动机可传动地连接到车辆发动机。至少一个可选择性接合的离合器位于发动机和变速器之间以提供打滑。所述至少一个离合器在发动机与变速器之间达到预定速度差后被接合。

Description

用于快速起动发动机和混合动力系统的装置和方法
对相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求2008年6月30日提交的美国临时申请No.61/076916的权益,该申请的全部内容通过引用的方式结合于此。
技术领域
本发明涉及一种具有混合动力系统的车辆,且更具体地涉及用于推进具有混合动力系统的车辆的布置。
背景技术
电动混合动力车辆相对于与它们相对应的传统形式具有显著提升燃料经济性的潜力。当从停止状态开始加速时,混合动力系统采用电动机驱动车辆。在达到一定车速后,电动机不再具有提供车辆所需动力的容量。当达到电动机的容量时,采用摩擦起步离合器和驱动变速器的其中一个电动机来起动车辆发动机。摩擦起步离合器逐渐减小发动机和混合动力系统之间的打滑,直到离合器完全接合且发动机和变速器以相同的速度运行。然而,摩擦起步离合器需要很高的切换能量并且导致效率损失。
发明内容
需要一种用于具有混合动力变速器的车辆的布置,其能减少车辆起动期间的能量损失。车辆包括车辆发动机和变速器。第一电动机可传动地连接到变速器。第二电动机可传动地连接到车辆发动机。至少一个可选择性接合的离合器定位于发动机和变速器之间,该离合器可操作以提供打滑。离合器在发动机达到与变速器的预定速度差时接合。当选择性接合离合器分离时,变速器与发动机在传动上断开。
一种推进车辆的方法包括利用第一电动机/发电机驱动变速器,然后在车辆达到了预定车速时利用第二电动机/发电机起动车辆发动机。当变速器与发动机之间达到预定的差速时,离合器接合。
通过下面对实现本发明的优选实施例及最佳模式的详细说明并结合附图,可以明白本发明的上述特征和优点及其他特征和优点。
附图说明
图1是包括变速器和混合动力系统的一部分的动力系第一实施例的示意性简图;
图2是包括变速器和混合动力系统的一部分的动力系第二实施例的示意性简图;
图3是包括变速器和混合动力系统的一部分的动力系第三实施例的示意性简图;以及
图4是包括变速器和混合动力系统的一部分的动力系第四实施例的示意性简图。
具体实施方式
参考图1,其中至少部分地示出动力系10,包括通过混合动力系统16与变速器14连接的发动机12。变速器14设计成从发动机12和混合动力系统16接收其驱动力。如图所示,发动机12具有输出轴,该输出轴作为混合动力系统16的输入元件17。
变速器14包括多个行星齿轮系20、22、24和26。行星齿轮系20、22、24和26通过多个变速器离合器30、32、34、36和38与静止件相连或彼此相连。输出元件19连接到行星齿轮系20、22、24和26中的一个上,将转矩从变速器14输送到传动系(未示出)。在所示的实施例中,输出元件19连接到行星齿轮系26。
混合动力系统16包括第一电动机/发电机40。第一电动机/发电机40通过连接元件42、44A和44B与变速器14相连。转矩变换器46通过连接元件42和44A与第一电动机/发电机40相连。混合动力系统输出连接元件44B将转矩变换器46的输出连接到变速器14。转矩变换器46可使转矩倍增并且确保在使用第一电动机/发电机40的车辆起步过程中降低振动。在特定的行驶条件下,通过闭合转矩变换器离合器48,转矩变换器46可被锁止或绕过。转矩从第一电动机/发电机40经过连接元件42、44A和44B和转矩变换器离合器48被传递到变速器。闭合转矩变换器离合器48能够增加动力系10定位于其中的车辆的燃料经济性。
在车辆起步时,由于第一电动机/发电机40或主泵50的低速,第一电动机/发电机40和主泵50单独可能不足以向混合动力系统16提供足够的油压和流量。在这种情况下,可使用辅助泵52和驱动辅助泵52的辅助马达54以提供混合动力系统16所需的额外压力和流量。辅助泵52和辅助马达54被示出用虚线连接到混合动力系统16,表示在混合动力系统16和辅助泵52、辅助马达54之间为非机械连接(即,电力连接和流体连接)。
当动力系10上的动力需求大于第一电动机/发电机40所能提供的动力时,可起动车辆发动机12。当动力系10的动力需求接近电动机/发电机40不能提供足够的动力给车辆发动机12的这一点时,也可以起动车辆发动机12。本领域技术人员知晓起动发动机12的适当条件。
使用第二电动机/发电机60来起动发动机12。第二电动机/发电机60也公知为皮带交流发电机起动器或电动机起动器交流发电机。第二电动机/发电机60通过连接元件62直接驱动发动机12。该直接驱动可快速起动发动机。发动机切断离合器56位于发动机12和变速器14之间。当起动发动机12时,发动机切断离合器56分离。因此,在发动机12起动时,第二电动机/发电机60没有可传动地连接到变速器14。当发动机12达到预定速度时,或当发动机12与混合动力系统16(具体为元件42和44A)之间达到预定速度差时,接合发动机切断离合器56。也就是说,当发动机切断离合器56两侧的速度差达到预定最大差值时,发动机切断离合器56将被接合。发动机切断离合器56是低能量离合器。低能量离合器是其中所需的离合器输出低于平均能量水平的离合器。基于此,减少了发动机切断离合器56所需的热耗散并且降低了发动机切断离合器56的所需容量。为了保持动力系10在此过程中的平顺操作,发动机切断离合器56被用来在发动机12和变速器14之间提供任何所需的打滑。然而,因为当发动机切断离合器56开始接合时,发动机12已经等于或接近变速器14的速度,因此所述打滑最小。混合动力系统16中还可以包括位于发动机12与发动机切断离合器56之间的阻尼器58。阻尼器58减少从发动机12传递到动力系10的其余部分的振动。
图2是示出了动力系110的可替换实施例。变速器114设计为从发动机112和混合动力系统116接收其驱动力。如图所示,发动机112具有作为混合动力系统116的输入元件117的输出轴。
变速器114包括多个行星齿轮系120、122、124和126。行星齿轮系120、122、124和126通过多个变速器离合器130、132、134、136和138与静止件相连或彼此相连。输出元件119连接到行星齿轮系120、122、124和126中的一个上,将转矩从变速器114传递到传动系。在所示的实施例中,输出元件119连接到行星齿轮系126。
混合动力系统116包括第一电动机/发电机140。第一电动机/发电机140通过连接元件142直接连接到变速器114。第二电动机160按以上描述的相似方式起动发动机112。也就是,第二电动机/发电机160通过连接元件162直接驱动发动机112。该直接驱动用于快速起动发动机。发动机切断离合器156位于发动机112和变速器114之间。当起动发动机112时,发动机切断离合器156分离。因此,在发动机112起动时,第二电动机/发电机160没有可传动地连接到变速器114。当发动机112达到预定速度时,或当发动机112与混合动力系统116(具体为元件142、144A)之间达到预定速度差时,接合发动机切断离合器156。也就是说,混合动力系统输出连接元件144B将发动机切断离合器156的输出连接到变速器114。
在车辆起步时,由于第一电动机/发电机140或主泵150的低速,第一电动机/发电机140和主泵150单独可能不足以向混合动力系统116提供足够的油压和流量。在这种情况下,可使用辅助泵152和驱动辅助泵152的辅助马达154以提供混合动力系统116所需的额外压力和流量。辅助泵152和辅助马达154被示出用虚线连接到混合动力系统116,表示在混合动力系统116和辅助泵152、辅助马达154之间为非机械连接(即,电力连接和流体连接)。
辅助泵152和辅助马达154也提供了发动机切断离合器156所需的油压。发动机切断离合器156是低能量离合器。阻尼器158也可以在发动机112与发动机切断离合器156之间连接到混合动力系统116。阻尼器158减少从发动机112传递到动力系110的其余部分的振动。
变速器离合器,例如图2中的130,用作摩擦起步离合器以提供车辆发动机112和变速器114之间的打滑,消除了对转矩变换器的需要。如果产生的热量足够高,那么第二变速器离合器(例如132)也可用作摩擦起步离合器。
图3是另一个实施例,其中示出了动力系210。变速器214设计为从发动机212和混合动力系统216接收其驱动力。如图所示,发动机212具有作为混合动力系统216的输入元件217的输出轴。
变速器214包括多个行星齿轮系220、222、224和226。行星齿轮系220、222、224和226通过多个变速器离合器230、232、234、236和238与静止件相连或彼此相连。输出元件219连接到行星齿轮系220、222、224和226中的一个上,将转矩从变速器214传递到传动系。在所示的实施例中,输出元件219连接到行星齿轮系226。
混合动力系统216包括第一电动机/发电机240,该第一电动机/发电机240通过摩擦起步离合器266连接到变速器214。混合动力系统输出连接元件244B将摩擦起步离合器266的输出连接到变速器214。
第二电动机260按以上描述的相似方式起动发动机212。也就是,第二电动机/发电机260通过连接元件262直接驱动发动机212。该直接驱动用于快速起动发动机。发动机切断离合器256位于发动机212和变速器214之间。当起动发动机212时,发动机切断离合器256分离。因此,在发动机212起动时,第二电动机/发电机260没有可传动地连接到变速器214。当发动机212达到预定速度时,或当发动机212与混合动力系统216之间达到预定速度差时,接合发动机切断离合器256。主泵250和第一电动机/发电机240为操作发动机断开离合器256提供所需油压。安装在主泵250和变速器214之间的摩擦起步离合器266允许第一电动机/发电机240以高速(rpm)驱动泵266。摩擦起步离合器266被打开并将第一电动机/发电机240与变速器214和传动系的其余部分(未标号)断开。在达到主泵250的足够速度(以及要求的油流量和压力)之后,以高转差速度(slipspeed)应用摩擦起步离合器266,以连接第一电动机/发电机240和变速器214。这样,离合器266用作摩擦起步离合器。阻尼器258也可在发动机212和发动机断开离合器256之间被连接到混合动力系统216。阻尼器258降低从发动机212到动力系210的其余部分的振动。
图4是另一个实施例,图中示出了动力系310。在第四实施例中,变速器314设计成从发动机312和混合动力系统316接收其驱动力。如图所示,发动机312具有输出轴,该输出轴作为混合动力系统316的输入元件317。
变速器314包括多个行星齿轮系320、322、324和326。行星齿轮系320、322、324和326通过多个变速器离合器330、332、334、336和338与静止件相连或彼此相连。输出元件319连接到行星齿轮系320、322、324和326中的一个上,将转矩从变速器314传递到传动系。在所示的实施例中,输出元件319连接到行星齿轮系326。
混合动力系统316包括第一电动机/发电机340,该第一电动机/发电机340通过转矩变换器346连接到变速器314。转矩变换器346是电动转矩变换器。所述转矩变换器346通过连接元件342连接到第一电动机/发电机340上。混合动力系统输出连接元件344B将转矩变换器346的输出连接到变速器314。
第二电动机360以如前所述的相似方式起动发动机312。也就是,第二电动机/发电机360通过连接元件362直接驱动发动机312。该直接驱动用于快速起动发动机。发动机切断离合器356位于发动机312和变速器314之间。当起动发动机312时,发动机切断离合器356分离。因此,在发动机312起动时,第二电动机/发电机360没有可传动地连接到变速器314。当发动机312达到预定速度时,或当发动机312与混合动力系统316之间达到预定速度差时,接合发动机切断离合器356。转矩变换器346使得转矩倍增并保证在用第一电动机/发电机340发动车辆期间减小振动。在特定驱动条件下,通过闭合转矩变换器离合器348,转矩变换器346可被锁止或绕过。这提高了具有动力系310的车辆的燃料经济性。
在车辆起步时,第一电动机/发电机340和主泵350单独可能不足以向混合动力系统316提供足够的油压和流量。在这种情况下,可使用辅助泵352和驱动辅助泵的辅助马达354以提供混合动力系统316所需的额外压力和流量。辅助泵352和辅助马达354被示出用虚线连接到混合动力系统316,表示在混合动力系统316和辅助泵352、辅助马达354之间为非机械连接(即,电力连接和流体连接)。
辅助泵352和辅助马达354也提供了发动机切断离合器356所需的油压。发动机切断离合器356是低能量离合器。阻尼器358也可以在发动机312与发动机切断离合器356之间被连接到混合动力系统316。阻尼器358减少从发动机312传递到动力系310的其余部分的振动。
尽管详细描述了实施本发明的最佳方式,然而本领域技术人员在所附权利要求范围内,将会认识到各种实施本发明的可替代设计和实施方式。

Claims (18)

1.一种车辆,包括:
车辆发动机;
变速器;
以可传动的方式连接到所述变速器的第一电动机;
以可传动的方式连接到所述车辆发动机的第二电动机;
可操作用于在所述发动机和所述变速器之间提供打滑的至少一个可选择性接合的离合器,其中,在接合所述至少一个离合器之前,发动机达到与变速器的预定速度差;
其中当所述至少一个可选择性接合的离合器被分离时,变速器从发动机断开传动。
2.如权利要求1所述的车辆,还包括:
连接到所述至少一个离合器和变速器的转矩变换器;和
转矩变换器离合器,其在所述至少一个离合器和变速器之间选择性地接合以便选择性地绕过转矩变换器。
3.如权利要求1所述的车辆,还包括连接在车辆发动机和所述至少一个离合器之间的阻尼器。
4.如权利要求1所述的车辆,还包括主泵以便将油压提供到至少变速器和所述至少一个离合器。
5.如权利要求4所述的车辆,还包括辅助马达和辅助泵,其中该辅助马达被连接以驱动辅助泵,以便除了主泵之外,将油压提供到至少变速器和所述至少一个离合器。
6.如权利要求4所述的车辆,其中主泵可操作用于接合和分离所述至少一个离合器。
7.如权利要求1所述的车辆,其中至少一个变速器离合器被包含在变速器中,并且所述至少一个变速器离合器是摩擦起步离合器。
8.一种位于车辆发动机和变速器之间的混合动力系统,该系统包括:
用于混合动力系统的输入轴,以可传动地连接到车辆发动机;
用于混合动力系统的输出轴,以可传动地连接到变速器;
连接到输出轴的第一电动机;
连接到输入轴的第二电动机;
至少一个可选择性接合的离合器,其中在所述至少一个离合器接合之前,输入轴达到与输出轴的预定速度差。
9.如权利要求8所述的混合动力系统,还包括:
连接到所述至少一个离合器和输出轴的转矩变换器;和
转矩变换器离合器,其在所述至少一个离合器和输出轴之间选择性地接合以便选择性地绕过转矩变换器。
10.如权利要求9所述的混合动力系统,还包括主泵以便将油压至少提供到所述至少一个离合器和转矩变换器。
11.如权利要求10所述的混合动力系统,还包括辅助马达和辅助泵,其中该辅助马达被连接以驱动辅助泵,以便除了主泵之外,选择性地将油压提供到至少转矩变换器和所述至少一个离合器。
12.如权利要求9所述的混合动力系统,其中主泵被连接以接合和分离所述至少一个可选择性接合的离合器。
13.如权利要求9所述的混合动力系统,还包括连接在输入轴和所述至少一个离合器之间的阻尼器。
14.如权利要求9所述的混合动力系统,其中当所述至少一个可选择性接合的离合器被分离时,变速器从发动机断开传动。
15.一种推进车辆的方法,包括:
用第一电动机/发电机驱动变速器;
当车辆已达到预定车辆速度时,用第二电动机/发电机起动车辆发动机;和
当在变速器和发动机之间达到预定差速时,接合发动机断开离合器以将变速器传动地连接到发动机。
16.如权利要求15所述的方法,其中,在基本对应于第一电动机/发电机的功率容量的车辆速度时,进行所述起动车辆发动机。
17.如权利要求15所述的方法,还包括在第二预定车辆速度时接合转矩变换器离合器,其中第二预定车辆速度不同于第一预定车辆速度。
18.如权利要求15所述的方法,其中起动车辆发动机还包括:将变速器从发动机断开传动。
CN200910151307A 2008-06-30 2009-06-30 用于快速起动发动机和混合动力系统的装置和方法 Pending CN101619697A (zh)

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