CN111051105A - 用于机动车辆的混合动力变速器 - Google Patents

用于机动车辆的混合动力变速器 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN111051105A
CN111051105A CN201880058746.4A CN201880058746A CN111051105A CN 111051105 A CN111051105 A CN 111051105A CN 201880058746 A CN201880058746 A CN 201880058746A CN 111051105 A CN111051105 A CN 111051105A
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clutch
transmission
planetary gear
controlled
hybrid
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CN201880058746.4A
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CN111051105B (zh
Inventor
M·杜海姆
M·索尔特
古鲁纳特·凯达尔-东加尔卡
R·斯密琴斯基
A·萨瑞卡尼
C·瑞贝根
S·毕海德
T·辛格
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FCA US LLC
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FCA US LLC
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K25/00—Auxiliary drives
    • B60K25/06—Auxiliary drives from the transmission power take-off
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K17/00—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles
    • B60K17/28—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles characterised by arrangement, location, or type of power take-off
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/36—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the transmission gearings
    • B60K6/365—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the transmission gearings with the gears having orbital motion
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    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
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    • B60K6/38—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the driveline clutches
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    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/38—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the driveline clutches
    • B60K6/383—One-way clutches or freewheel devices
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/38—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the driveline clutches
    • B60K6/387—Actuated clutches, i.e. clutches engaged or disengaged by electric, hydraulic or mechanical actuating means
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    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
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Abstract

变速器包括输入轴(28)和输出轴(200)、连接至输入轴(28)的混合动力模块(12)以及连接至混合动力模块(12)和输出轴(200)的变速箱(16)。混合动力模块(12)包括由齿轮组(36)下部驱动的第一电动机(40)；连接到模块输出(56)的第二电动机(48)；连接到齿轮组(36)并且选择性地连接到输入轴(28)的分离离合器(32)；连接至分离离合器(32)并选择性地连接至模块输出(56)的启动离合器(44)。变速箱(16)包括可操作以产生六个前进速度的三个齿轮组(148、152、156)和五个扭矩传递装置(122、128、132、136、140)。一个扭矩传递装置是可选择性控制的单向离合器(136)。

Description

用于机动车辆的混合动力变速器
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求享有2017年9月11日提交的美国临时申请序列号62/556,622和2018年9月7日提交的美国申请序列号16/124,924的权益。上述申请的公开内容在此通过引用全部并入本文。
领域
本申请总体上涉及一种用于车辆的混合动力总成系统(hybrid powertrain)，并且更具体地，涉及一种用于机动车辆的混合动力自动变速器，其中该混合动力变速器包括耦合至混合动力变速器的输入的两个电动机。
背景
当前的混合动力自动变速器通常是非常复杂的组件，包括多个电动机、复合行星齿轮组以及六个以上的离合器或制动器。这种组件的开发和制造很昂贵，并且从整体尺寸和容量的角度来看通常都尺寸过大。这样的混合动力变速器对于期望将其并入的车辆而言太大，和/或对于其中并入了它们的车辆而言可能容量过大，从而潜在地由于具有额外的重量和/或因变速器复杂度引起的低效率而削减了燃料经济性。这也可能导致与这种车辆相关的不必要的成本和重量。因此，尽管这样的混合动力变速器对于它们的预期目的运行良好，但是仍然需要对相关技术进行改进。
发明内容
根据本发明的一个示例性方面，提供了一种用于车辆的多速混合动力自动变速器。在一个示例性的实施中，变速器包括变速器输入轴、变速器输出轴、连接到所述输入轴的混合动力模块、连接至所述混合动力模块和输出轴的多速变速箱组件。在此示例性的实施中，混合动力模块包括第一电动机，其连接至模块行星齿轮组并由下部驱动；第二电动机，其连接至混合动力模块的输出；分离离合器，其是可控制的以选择性地将单独的扭矩产生装置连接到所述混合动力模块，所述分离离合器连接到所述模块行星齿轮组并且选择性地连接到所述变速器输入轴，所述变速器输入轴形成所述混合动力模块的输入；启动离合器，其是可控制的以选择性地将所述混合动力模块连接至所述变速箱组件，所述启动离合器被连接以与所述分离离合器共同旋转并选择性地连接至所述混合动力模块的输出，所述输出形成所述变速箱组件的输入；和泵驱动器，其被连接以与所述模块行星齿轮组共同旋转。在此实施例中，变速箱组件包括三个行星齿轮组和五个扭矩传递装置，其可操作以产生六个前进速比和倒档，其中所述五个扭矩传递装置之一是可选择性控制的单向离合器。变速箱组件输入被连接至三个行星齿轮组中的第二行星齿轮组并选择性地连接至五个扭矩传递装置的两个旋转离合器之一。变速箱组件的输出形成所述变速器输出轴并被连接至所述三个行星齿轮组中的第三行星齿轮组。混合动力变速器被配置成被控制为以仅发动机推进模式、仅两个电动推进模式、混合动力推进模式以及电池充电模式操作。
附图说明
图1是根据本申请原理的包括混合动力自动变速器组件的混合动力总成系统的示例性实施的示意图；
图2是根据本申请的原理的图1的示例性混合动力自动变速器组件的示例性示意图；
图3是根据本申请的原理的图1和2的示例性混合动力自动变速器组件的示例性剖视图；
图4是根据本申请的原理的图3中的环绕区域4的放大图；
图5是根据本申请的原理的图3中的环绕区域5的放大图；
图6是根据本申请的原理的图3中的环绕区域6的放大图；
图7是根据本申请的原理的图3中的环绕区域7的放大图；
图8是根据本申请的原理的图3中的环绕区域8的放大图；以及
图9是示出了根据本申请的原理的图1的示例性混合动力自动变速器的示例性离合器应用和换档顺序的表。
通过以下提供的描述和附图，本申请的教导的其他应用领域将变得明显。应该理解的是，包括公开的实施例和附图参考在内的说明书在本质上仅出于说明的目的而仅仅是示例性的，并不旨在限制本公开内容、其应用或用途的范围。因此，不背离本公开内容要旨的各种变化预期在本公开内容的范围内。
具体实施方式
根据本发明的示例性方面，并且如将在本文中更详细讨论的，车辆2的混合动力总成系统包括发动机或原动机4、混合动力自动变速器组件8以及包括最终驱动单元的传动系，如通常在图1-3中显示的。在该示例性的实施中，混合动力变速器组件或装置8可以被称为“P1r/P2”型混合动力自动变速器组件/装置，并且在一个示例性的实施中，包括连接至离合器和变速箱组件16的混合动力模块12，离合器和变速箱组件16连同变速器组件8的其他部件都被容纳在变速器壳体20内。
在图1-9所示的示例性的实施中，混合动力自动变速器组件8包括六个前进速度/前进档和倒车档，并且被配置为用于全轮驱动/后轮驱动车辆2的构型。在一个示例性的实施方式中，混合动力自动变速器组件8仅包括六个前进速度，以努力缩短变速器8的总轴向长度。混合动力自动变速器组件8被配置成以各种模式进行操作，这些模式包括电动车辆(EV)模式、仅发动机模式、车辆停止下的电池充电模式以及混合动力模式(发动机加电机模式)，下面将对此进行详细讨论。
在所示的变速器组件8的示例性的实施中，混合动力模块12包括输入28、分离离合器32、行星齿轮组36、第一电动机或电机(P1r)40、启动离合器44、第二电动机或电机(P2)48、泵52和输出56，例如如图1和2所示。在发动机和混合动力模块12之间还设置了阻尼器系统60。在此示例性的实施中，混合动力模块12的输入28形成了混合动力自动变速器组件8的输入。类似地，混合动力模块12的输出56形成了离合器和变速箱组件16的输入，且也可以称为变速器输入轴。同样在该实施方式中，输出56(或变速器轴)形成混合动力模块12与离合器和变速箱组件16之间唯一的扭矩传递连接。本领域技术人员将理解，变速器包括在其整体操作中使用的其他特征和部件。
在所示的示例性实施中，混合动力变速器组件8，且特别是第一和第二电动机40、48，以本领域中已知的方式电耦合至电池或电池系统62。控制器64与变速器组件8信号通信，且具体是与混合动力模块12以及第一和第二电动机40、48以及电池系统62信号通信，并且被配置为控制它们以及启动离合器44、分离离合器32和五个扭矩传递装置以及离合器和变速箱组件16的其他功能和部件。还如图1所示，控制器64与发动机4信号连通。应该理解，控制器64可以是单个控制器或彼此信号通信的多个控制器，例如通过can(控制器局域网)总线彼此信号通信。
在一个示例性的实施中，第一电机40连接至行星齿轮组36，使得第一电机40被行星齿轮组36下部驱动。该行星齿轮减速还提供减小电机或电动机40的尺寸，从而提供较小尺寸的变速箱并减小了变速箱的质量，以及他益处和特征。在一个示例性的实施中，该行星齿轮组36是简单的行星齿轮组。
第一电机40通常包括定子70和转子74。在一个示例性的实施中，定子70包括多个绕组或相，并固定至固定构件，例如变速器壳体20。在一个示例性的实施中，转子74包括多个磁体和/或铁磁性构件并且被布置在定子70的径向内侧，如在本申请的各附图中所示的。将理解的是，转子74还可包括其他构型和构造。
在所示的示例性的实施中，第一电机或电动机40的转子74连接到行星齿轮组36的齿圈82，该齿圈82通过小齿轮86连接到承载架90，该承载架90通过小齿轮86连接到中心齿轮94。承载架90连接至连接轴或构件100，分离离合器32和启动离合器44分别独立地、不可旋转地连接至连接轴或构件100，例如如图2和图3所示的。在一个示例性的实施中，分离离合器32和启动离合器44以串联布置连接到连接轴100，且启动离合器44在分离离合器32的下游(距发动机4更远)，并且两个离合器与轴/构件100在第一电动机40和第二电动机48之间以及在泵52的下游连接至行星齿轮组36。行星齿轮组36的中心齿轮94接地，例如连接至变速器壳体20，例如如图2和3所示。泵52不可旋转地连接到承载架组件90以与其一起旋转，这将在下面更详细地讨论。
第二电机48连接至内嵌齿轮(inset gear)46，该内嵌齿轮46在该轴与启动离合器44的可选连接附近不可旋转地连接至变速器输入轴56。内嵌齿轮46提供了齿轮减速，这允许使用较小的P2电动机48，且因而减小电动机48的尺寸和质量以及变速器组件8中所需的封装空间，以及其他益处。
总之，第一电机40通过分离离合器32连接到发动机4的曲轴。第一电机40还通过启动离合器44连接到第二电机48。第二电机48连接到离合器和变速箱组件(变速器)16的输入轴56。在一个示例性的实施中，第二电机48不可分离地连接至启动离合器44下游的变速器的输入轴56。在一个示例性的实施中，第二电机48连接至变速器16的输入轴56以随其连续旋转。在这些布置中，每个电机40、48包括相对于变速器16的输入的唯一比，这允许基于特定应用来优化电动机设计和尺寸(扭矩/功率/速度等级)，从而使变速器模块化。
现在转向离合器和变速箱组件16，在一个示例性的实施中，该组件包括三个行星齿轮组112和被配置为被选择性地控制以产生六个前进档或速比和倒档的五个扭矩传递装置，例如将在下面更详细地讨论。在一个示例性的实施中，三个行星齿轮组112是简单的行星齿轮组。在一个示例性的实施中，三个行星齿轮组112是单独的、简单的行星齿轮组，它们沿着混合动力自动变速器8的纵向长度而大体上彼此间隔开。在这种示例性的实施中，一个行星齿轮组的齿轮都不与三个行星齿轮组中的另一个共享齿轮或形成齿轮。在一个示例性的实施中，三个行星齿轮组112是紧密连接的行星齿轮组。三个行星齿轮组112中的每一个通常包括中心齿轮、支撑行星齿轮的承载架和齿圈，这也将在下面更详细地讨论。
从发动机或原动机4向混合动力自动变速器组件8的输入(如扭矩)流过质量弹性阻尼器60(将在下面进行讨论)，然后在一个示例性的实施中，直接流至分离离合器32。然后，在一个示例性的实施中，输入轴56将分离的启动离合器44以及第二电机48连接到离合器和变速箱装置16，例如如图1、2和3所示。在一个示例性的实施中，且如图1、2和3所示，输入轴56连接到第二行星齿轮组的中心齿轮，并且还选择性地连接到两个堆叠式旋转离合器中的一个或两个，如下面将更详细讨论的。
离合器和变速箱组件16的三个行星齿轮组112与五个扭矩传递装置互连。在一个示例性的实施中，离合器和变速箱组件16仅包括五个扭矩传递装置。在该示例性的实施中，五个扭矩传递装置包括两个旋转离合器122、128和三个固定/接地的离合器或制动器132、136、140。在一个示例性的实施中，三个固定/接地的离合器或制动器136之一是可控的、可选的单向离合器(SOWC)，如将在下面更详细地讨论的。
三个行星齿轮组112包括第一行星齿轮组148、第二行星齿轮组152和第三行星齿轮组156。就这一点而言，且参照位于变速器输出164和第二行星齿轮组152之间的第三行星齿轮组156，中心齿轮172被连接以与连接到离合器制动器140的连接构件176共同旋转。齿圈180被连接以与第二连接构件184共同旋转，而承载架188被连接以与第三连接构件192和第四连接构件196共同旋转。第四连接构件196被连接以与变速器8的输出轴(或形成输出轴)200共同旋转。
参考第二行星齿轮组152，中心齿轮208被连接以与变速器变速箱输入轴56共同旋转，如上简单讨论的。齿圈212被连接以与第五连接构件216共同旋转，并且承载架220被连接以与第二连接构件184共同旋转。
参照在一个示例性的实施中位于第二行星齿轮组152与混合动力模块12之间的第一行星齿轮组148，中心齿轮232被连接以与第六连接构件236共同旋转，第六连接构件236被连接至旋转离合器122。齿圈240被连接以与第三连接构件192共同旋转，并且承载架244被连接以与第五连接构件216和第七连接构件256共同旋转。第五连接构件216被连接至第二行星齿轮组152的齿圈(如上所述)和旋转离合器128。第七连接构件256连接至接地离合器136，在所示的示例性的实施中，该接地离合器为可选的单向离合器(SOWC)，如上文所述的。第八连接构件260将第二旋转离合器122和第六连接构件236连接至离合器制动器132。
如上简要讨论的，扭矩传递装置提供了轴或连接构件、三个变速箱行星齿轮组的构件和/或变速器壳体的选择性互连。例如，旋转离合器122选择性地接合以将第六连接构件236与变速器输入56连接，并且旋转离合器128也选择性地接合以将第五连接构件216与变速器输入连接。离合器制动器132选择性地接合以将第八连接构件260，且因而第六连接构件236连接至变速器壳体20，从而限制第八连接构件和第六连接构件(可以是一个构件)相对于变速器壳体20旋转。呈可选择的单向离合器(SOWC)形式的第二离合器制动器136选择性地接合以将第七连接构件256连接至变速器壳体20，从而限制第七连接构件256相对于变速器旋转壳体20沿第一旋转方向旋转，且将在下面更详细地讨论。本领域技术人员将意识到，变速器包括在其整体操作中使用的其他特征和部件，
特别参考图3和7，现在将更详细地讨论离合器制动器140的应用。在一个示例性的实施中，离合器制动器140被施加有到达变速器8的驻车齿轮308上方的活塞304。该布置还提供了更紧凑的包装以及更短的变速器8的轴向或纵向长度(如果驻车齿轮308和活塞304在轴向上彼此间隔开)以及其他益处。
现在参考图2、3和5，现在将更详细地讨论旋转离合器122和128。在一个示例性的实施中，旋转离合器122、128被径向堆叠，使得它们彼此轴向重叠。在所示的示例性的实施中，离合器122在径向内侧的离合器128的径向外侧，因此，从变速器8的径向中心径向向外看，离合器122位于离合器128之上。在一个示例性的实施中，离合器122被直接径向地定位在离合器128上方，使得在它们之间没有任何中间元件。在一个示例性的实施中，离合器122完全定位在离合器128上方，使得离合器122与离合器128完全轴向重叠，从而提供了更有效的包装并减小了变速器8的轴向长度。
现在将结合混合动力自动变速器组件8的一般操作来更详细地讨论分离离合器32和启动离合器44。在一个示例性的实施中，并且如上文简要讨论的，启动离合器44和分离离合器32是由控制器64或类似物控制的分离的离合器，并且被串联连接以与同其相关联的同一轴或连接构件100共同旋转。该轴或连接构件100在一端连接至第一电机装置行星齿轮组36的承载架90，并且在其第二相对端连接至启动离合器44。如上所述，第二电机装置48在该输入轴与启动离合器44的可选连接附近连接至变速器输入轴56。
分离离合器32是通过控制器64或类似物可控制的，以选择性地接合和分离发动机4和电机40，并使行星齿轮装置36与变速器8的其余部分相关联。换句话说，分离离合器32可以被控制以将电机40、齿轮组36以及离合器和变速箱组件16与发动机断开。分离离合器32还可用于改善噪声振动和粗糙度(NVH)。例如，分离离合器32可根据需要被控制成滑转(slipped)以减轻NVH输入，例如在电动车辆(EV)模式期间(下文讨论)。
启动离合器44是单独的且与分离离合器32独立地选择性接合的离合器，且还提供了对车轮的牵引力和能量的回收以及其他模式和控制特征。例如，启动离合器44可用于使离合器和变速箱系统16与第一电机装置40分离，同时保持分离离合器32选择性地接合以便独立于变速器的其余部分来使用发动机4和第一电机40为车辆2的相关电池或多个电池62充电。控制器64或类似物用于控制分离离合器32和启动离合器44以及发动机4、变速器16、第一电动机40和第二电动机48以及变速器16的扭矩传递装置的操作。
返回到以上讨论的车辆操作模式，并且参考分离离合器32和启动离合器44的使用，EV模式包括单EV电动机模式和双EV电动机模式。在使用第二电机48的单EV电动机模式下，该电动机可用作用于相关车辆2的推进的唯一牵引和能量回收电动机(通过再生制动)。在该模式下，分离离合器32和启动离合器44打开或分离并且发动机4关闭。
在使用第一电机40的单EV电动机模式下，该电动机也可用作用于相关车辆2的推进的唯一的牵引和能量回收电动机(通过再生制动)。在此模式下，第二电机48在连接到变速器16的输入轴56上时旋转，但是它没有通过变速器16机械地对车轮进行动力传递或。在这种模式下，分离离合器32被分离并且启动离合器44被接合，发动机4关闭。
在双EV电动机模式下，第一电机40和第二电机48都不同程度地用于牵引和能量回收，这由车辆混合动力操作系统确定的效率和功率决定。在该模式下，分离离合器32被分离并且启动离合器44被接合，发动机4关闭。
发动机启动/混合动力操作模式包括与发动机4相关的一个或两个电机40、48的使用的各种组合，如下面更详细地讨论的。一种发动机启动模式包括与被用作牵引装置的两个电动机40、48结合使用发动机4(例如，并联模式)。在该模式下，分离离合器32和启动离合器44均被接合。另一个发动机启动模式也包括使用发动机4和两个电动机40、48，但是在该模式下，一个电动机用作牵引装置，另一个电动机用作能量回收装置(另一个并联模式)。在这种模式下，两个离合器32、44再次被接合。另一个发动机启动模式包括使用发动机4和两个电动机40、48，但是在该模式下，两个电动机都用作能量回收装置。发动机4可以通过固定齿轮变速器16同时为车轮提供动力。在这种模式下，两个离合器32、44都被接合。
另一种发动机开启/混合动力操作模式包括串联操作模式。在该模式下，发动机4处于打开状态，并且第一电机40通过分离离合器32的接合与发动机4连接。启动离合器44被控制以使其保持分离状态，并且动力总成系统与第一电机40在串联模式下操作，第一电机40用作由发动机4提供动力的再生装置，第二电机48利用来自第一电机40的能量通过变速器16向车轮提供牵引力。
为了在车辆2停止或静止时给电池62充电，分离离合器32被控制为被接合而启动离合器44被控制为被分离。在一个示例性的实施中，启动离合器44和分离离合器32均为旋转离合器。在一个示例性的实施中，启动离合器作为旋转离合器提供强大的冷却能力，而分离离合器以湿式分离离合器的布局被提供。
现在转到SOWC 136，该离合器操作i)为用于第一至第二和第二至第一变速器换挡的正常单向离合器，ii)在超限运转配置中用于第二至第六档，并且iii)被锁定为倒档和一档的扭矩能力。例如，SOWC 136为倒档和手动一档发动机制动提供锁定模式。SOWC 136在正常模式提供离合器的释放和应用的被动控制，以改善变速器的第一至第二和第二至第一换档感觉。如上所述，使用SOWC 136代替常规的离合器制动器和/或常规的单向离合器也减少了阻力并提高了燃料经济性。
在一个示例性的实施中，SOWC 136连接至第一行星齿轮组148的承载架244，并且如上所述，其可以作为典型或常规的单向离合器操作，在该单向离合器其中，其沿在一个方向被锁定并且在另一个方向上超速超限运转或空转在另一个方向上，或者可以选择性地被接合或致动以在两个方向上锁定，然后将其接地到变速箱壳体20。特别参考图5，SOWC 136包括与固定的向前凹口板284可操作地相关联的向前支柱280，该板284键合固定在壳体20上。这形成了传统的单向离合器的功能，但是由于其与下面讨论的可选部分一起使用而具有不同的组成和定位。另外参考图8和所示的离合器/制动器致动表286，可以看出，与承载架244可操作地关联的向前支柱和凹口板装置在倒档和第二至第六档中空转并且被锁定在一档。这是因为承载架244在倒档和第二至第六档中沿空转方向旋转，而在第一档中沿相反方向旋转，这锁定了SOWC 136的该系统。
SOWC 136的可选部分或系统包括可致动的选择器板288、反向凹口板292和可选择的向后支柱296，注意图5示出处于非致动或接合状态的选择器板288。参照图8还可以看出，可选的向后支柱296未被选择或接合在第二至第六档中。然而，可选的向后支柱296被接合在倒档中，使得SOWC 136在两个旋转方向上被锁定。此外，可选的向后支柱296也被接合在第一档中，使得SOWC被锁定，并且向前支柱也传递扭矩。最后，图8还显示需要接合两个离合器以在第一至第六档和倒档中的每一个中产生动力流。
如以上简要讨论的那样，混合动力自动变速器组件的阻尼器系统包括位于输出至变速器的分离离合器32的发动机4主侧的单独的质量弹性阻尼器60。阻尼器60的这个位置提供了到变速器16的输入信号的更好的预调节。
在一个示例性的实施中，并且特别参考图2-3和图6，泵52由发动机4和/或第一电机40驱动，并且与变速器输入速度无关。例如，当发动机4启动并且分离离合器32被接合时，泵52可以由发动机4驱动，和/或直接地或通过齿轮组由第一电机40驱动。当启动离合器44在承载扭矩的同时脱开或滑转时，该布置使得泵驱动链轮51独立于变速器输入轴56的速度被驱动。
特别参考图6，泵52至少部分位于离合器和变速箱组件16内，而其驱动链53和驱动轴55位于混合动力模块12中。驱动链53连接至承载架组件90，如上所述，且驱动轴位于混合动力模块12的底部，在第一电机40和第二电机48的下方。
在该示例性的实施中，泵驱动链轮或齿轮51在运动学上被定位成使得其可以通过应用分离离合器32与发动机4连接，并且具有直接或通过行星齿轮组36连接至第一电机的固定连接部。在这种布置中，当启动离合器44打开时，第二电机48不能驱动泵。
当车辆2由第二电机48推进并且启动离合器44打开并且分离离合器32被应用或接合时，发动机4可以以所需的泵速度独立地驱动泵52(请注意，第一电机40正在旋转并且可以根据需要贡献扭矩)。除第二电机48外，当发动机4和/或第一电机40也帮助推进车辆2时，启动离合器44将根据需要滑转以将所需的泵52的速度保持在低车速下。
在一种示例性的实施中，混合动力自动变速器装置还包括与变速器集成在一起的功率逆变器模块(PIM)和阀体/控制器。在一个示例性的实施中，这种集成不是螺栓固定的，而是完全集成到变速器壳体中。
所描述的变速器设计通过允许选择电机中的一个或两个来允许混合动力总成系统在EV模式下实现更高的效率和更高的容量。这允许设计该系统，其中每个电机的功率可以较小，但总体上具有更大的功率吞吐量。电机设计为可扩展的，因此可满足各种不同要求的车辆，例如从高性能汽车到卡车。所描述的变速器设计还允许系统选择性地将任一电机用于发动机启动/停止和扭矩混合(通过机会充电和牵引功率)功能，这是通过EVT或单电动机混合动力总成系统的独特特征。这种结构还允许在减速过程中使用两台电机通过再生捕获来捕获能量，而不会产生来自发动机的任何阻力(障碍)。
所描述的变速器设计允许通过使用离合器(DC和LC)来选择性地使用任一电机用于再生或牵引。相反，以前的P1f-P2概念已被使用，其中电动机(尺寸小得多)中的一个通过FEAD系统连接到发动机。这会导致P2机器的尺寸大得多，从而对燃油经济性和EV范围产生不利影响。同样，由于FEAD限制，通过FEAD系统工作的P1F机器的功率也受到限制。增加FEAD系统也会对吞吐效率产生不利影响。由于这些问题，P1F机器对于牵引目的是不切实际的，其使用仅限于发动机的启动/停止和机会充电。而且，P1F不能有效地用于再生捕获，因为所有能量总是必须通过发动机传递(最终吸收了很大一部分)。电动变速器(EVT)概念也具有固有的特性，即仅允许其中一个电动机通过两个电动机执行发动机启动/停止或限制扭矩混合(车轮扭矩的正贡献)。
将理解的是，本文中可以明确地构想各种实施例之间的特征、要素、方法和/或功能的混合和匹配，使得本领域技术人员将从本教导中领会到，除非上面另外描述，否则一个实施例中的特征、要素和/或功能可以适当地被合并到另一个实施例中。

Claims (21)

1.一种用于车辆的多速混合动力自动变速器，包括：
变速器输入轴和输出轴；
连接到所述输入轴的混合动力模块；
多速变速箱组件，其连接至所述混合动力模块和变速器输出轴；
所述混合动力模块包括：
第一电动机，其连接至模块行星齿轮组并由其下部驱动；
第二电动机，其连接至混合动力模块的输出；
分离离合器，其是可控制的以选择性地将单独的扭矩产生装置连接到所述混合动力模块，所述分离离合器连接到所述模块行星齿轮组并且选择性地连接到所述变速器输入轴，所述变速器输入轴形成所述混合动力模块的输入；
启动离合器，其是可控制的以选择性地将所述混合动力模块连接至所述变速箱组件，所述启动离合器被连接以与所述分离离合器共同旋转并选择性地连接至所述混合动力模块的输出，所述输出形成所述变速箱组件的输入；和
泵驱动器，其被连接以与所述模块行星齿轮组共同旋转；
所述变速箱组件包括：
三个行星齿轮组和五个扭矩传递装置，其可操作以产生六个前进速比和倒档，其中所述五个扭矩传递装置之一是可选择性控制的单向离合器；
所述变速箱组件输入被连接至所述三个行星齿轮组中的第二行星齿轮组并选择性地连接至所述五个扭矩传递装置的两个旋转离合器之一；以及
所述变速箱组件的输出，其形成所述变速器输出轴并被连接至所述三个行星齿轮组中的第三行星齿轮组；且
其中混合动力变速器被配置成被控制为以仅发动机推进模式、仅两个电动推进模式、混合动力推进模式以及电池充电模式操作。
2.根据权利要求1所述的变速器，其中，所述模块行星齿轮组是简单的行星齿轮组，所述模块行星齿轮组具有连接至地面的中心齿轮、连接至所述分离离合器以与其共同旋转的承载架以及连接至所述第一电动机的转子的齿圈。
3.根据权利要求1所述的变速器，其中，所述分离离合器和所述启动离合器是彼此间隔且彼此连接以便共同旋转的单独的离合器，所述启动离合器位于所述分离离合器之后或下游。
4.根据权利要求1所述的变速器，其中，所述泵驱动器包括连接至所述承载架的齿轮装置和将所述齿轮装置连接至与泵相连的驱动轴的链驱动器，且其中泵驱动齿轮装置和链驱动器位于所述分离离合器、所述启动离合器以及所述第一电动机和第二电动机的上游。
5.根据权利要求1所述的变速器，其中，一构件连接所述分离离合器、所述启动离合器和所述模块行星齿轮组的承载架以便共同旋转，并且所述泵驱动器连接到所述承载架以便与其共同旋转。
6.根据权利要求5所述的变速器，其中：
所述分离离合器和所述启动离合器都是旋转离合器；
所述分离离合器和所述启动离合器都直接连接到所述构件；
所述分离离合器直接连接到所述承载架并选择性地直接连接到所述混合动力模块的输入；
所述启动离合器直接连接到所述构件并选择性地直接连接到所述混合动力模块的输出；
所述第一电动机的转子直接连接到所述模块行星齿轮组的齿圈；以及
所述第二电动机的转子直接连接到所述混合动力模块的输出。
7.根据权利要求1所述的变速器，其中：
所述发动机或其他扭矩产生装置的输出经由输入轴形成了至所述混合动力模块的唯一的输入和扭矩承载连接；
所述混合动力模块的输出形成了所述变速箱组件的唯一输入和所述混合动力模块与所述变速箱组件之间唯一的扭矩承载连接；
其中所述第一电动机和第二电动机、所述模块行星齿轮组以及所述启动离合器和所述分离离合器仅容纳在所述混合动力模块中，从而使所述混合动力模块配置为在不改变所述混合动力模块连接到的所述变速箱组件的情况下是随不同尺寸的电动机和行星齿轮组的比可扩展的。
8.根据权利要求4所述的变速器，其中，所述启动离合器被控制为分离且所述分离离合器被控制为接合，使得所述泵被配置为由所述发动机或第一电动机驱动，并且与形成所述混合动力输出和变速箱组件输入的轴的转速无关。
9.根据权利要求1所述的变速器，其中，所述分离离合器和所述启动离合器被控制以利用所述发动机和/或所述或第一电动机和第二电动机提供的扭矩来促进所述仅发动机推进模式、所述电池充电模式、所述仅两个电动推进模式和所述混合动力推进模式。
10.根据权利要求9所述的变速器，其中：
所述分离离合器和启动离合器被控制为被致动或接合，并且所述第一电动机和第二电动机被控制为自由旋转以提供仅发动机的操作模式；和
所述分离离合器被控制为接合且所述启动离合器被控制为分离，以提供所述电池充电模式，其中在所述电池充电模式下，所述发动机和所述第一电动机独立于所述变速箱组件使用以对所述车辆的电池充电。
11.根据权利要求9所述的变速器，其中，所述仅两个电动推进模式包括单电动机推进模式和双电动机推进模式；
在使用第二电动机的单电动机推进模式下，所述分离离合器和启动离合器被控制为分离并且所述发动机关闭；
在使用所述第一电动机的单电动机推进模式下，所述分离离合器被控制为分离，所述启动离合器被控制为接合，以及所述发动机关闭；以及
在所述双电动机推进模式下，所述分离离合器被控制为分离，所述启动离合器被控制为接合，所述发动机关闭，且两个电动机被控制产生扭矩。
12.根据权利要求9所述的变速器，其中，所述混合动力推进模式包括：
并行模式，其中所述发动机和两个电动机均受到控制以产生扭矩，并且所述启动离合器和分离离合器均被接合；
串联模式，其中所述分离离合器被控制为接合，且所述启动离合器被控制为分离，所述第一电动机由所述发动机驱动以充当再生装置，以及所述第二电动机由来自所述第一电动机的再生能量提供动力以产生扭矩以通过所述变速箱组件驱动所述车辆。
13.根据权利要求9所述的变速器，其中，当在仅发动机操作模式或混合动力推进模式中的任何一个下启动车辆时，所述分离离合器被控制为接合并且所述启动离合器最初被控制为滑转。
14.根据权利要求1所述的变速器，其中，所述五个扭矩传递装置之一是离合器制动器，所述离合器制动器被应用有到达所述混合动力变速器的驻车档的活塞，所述离合器制动器选择性地连接至所述第三行星齿轮组。
15.根据权利要求1所述的变速器，其中：
所述变速器是后轮驱动变速器；
所述六个前进速度比仅包括六个前进速度比；
所述混合动力模块仅包括两个离合器和两个电动机；
所述三个行星齿轮组仅包括三个行星齿轮组；以及
所述五个扭矩传递装置仅包括五个扭矩传递装置。
16.根据权利要求1所述的变速器，其中，所述三个行星齿轮组均是简单的行星齿轮组，并且各自沿着所述变速箱组件的纵向长度彼此轴向间隔开。
17.根据权利要求1所述的变速器，其中：
可选择的单向离合器连接至第一行星齿轮组的承载架并选择性地连接至地面，并且
其中，所述可选择的单向离合器包括被动向前支柱和可选择性接合的向后支柱，所述向前支柱被动地操作从而以第二至第六前进速度比超限运转，而向后支柱被控制为断开。
18.根据权利要求17所述的变速器，其中，所述向后支柱选择性地被致动以锁定所述可选择的单向离合器用于第一前进速度比和倒档。
19.根据权利要求15所述的变速器，其中，所述五个扭矩传递装置包括两个旋转离合器，被应用有到达驻车档的活塞的离合器制动器、另一个离合器制动器和可选择的单向离合器。
20.根据权利要求1所述的变速器，其中，所述两个旋转离合器相对于所述变速箱输入彼此径向堆叠，并且其中所述两个旋转离合器包括为第四、第五和第六前进速度比致动的第一旋转离合器和为第三和第五前进速度比和倒档致动的第二旋转离合器。
21.根据权利要求20所述的变速器，其中，所述第二旋转离合器在所述第一旋转离合器的径向外侧和上方堆叠，使得所述第一旋转离合器沿着所述变速器的纵向长度与所述第二旋转离合器轴向重叠。
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US10543748B2 (en) 2020-01-28
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