CN102159416A - 用于运行包含内燃机和电机的车辆混合动力总成系统的方法 - Google Patents

用于运行包含内燃机和电机的车辆混合动力总成系统的方法 Download PDF

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CN102159416A
CN102159416A CN2009801363048A CN200980136304A CN102159416A CN 102159416 A CN102159416 A CN 102159416A CN 2009801363048 A CN2009801363048 A CN 2009801363048A CN 200980136304 A CN200980136304 A CN 200980136304A CN 102159416 A CN102159416 A CN 102159416A
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gear arrangement
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B·阿尔盖尔
P·席勒
M·佐勒
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    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W20/00—Control systems specially adapted for hybrid vehicles
    • B60W20/30—Control strategies involving selection of transmission gear ratio
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
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    • F16H61/0021—Generation or control of line pressure
    • F16H61/0025—Supply of control fluid; Pumps therefore
    • F16H61/0028—Supply of control fluid; Pumps therefore using a single pump driven by different power sources
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/26—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the motors or the generators
    • B60K2006/268—Electric drive motor starts the engine, i.e. used as starter motor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2240/00—Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
    • B60L2240/40—Drive Train control parameters
    • B60L2240/42—Drive Train control parameters related to electric machines
    • B60L2240/421—Speed
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W20/00—Control systems specially adapted for hybrid vehicles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
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    • F16H2312/00—Driving activities
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    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种用于运行车辆混合动力总成系统(1)的方法，该混合动力总成系统包含：内燃机(2)和电机(3)，它们的扭矩能够被施加在混合动力总成系统(1)的从动端(4)上。车辆混合动力总成系统此外包含：设置在内燃机(2)和电机(3)之间的离合器装置(5)；在混合动力总成系统(1)中关于内燃机(2)在离合器装置(5)下游连接的且能被内燃机(2)和电机(3)驱动的油泵装置(7)；以及变速器装置(6)，该变速器装置具有多个用于表示多个不同的传动比的切换元件并且该变速器装置被油泵装置(7)与运行状态相关地供给液压油。根据本发明规定，独立于内燃机(2)的转速地调节电机(3)的转速，以便给变速器装置(6)分别供给对于变速器装置(8)的相应的运行点所需要的液压油体积流。

Description

用于运行包含内燃机和电机的车辆混合动力总成系统的方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种如权利要求1的前序中所述的用于运行包含内燃机和电机的车辆混合动力总成系统的方法。
背景技术
在由实践已知的自动变速器中通常设置机械的且分别整合在变速器装置内部的油泵装置，以用于变速器液压系统和变速器润滑系统的油供给。油泵装置分别根据变速器输入转速进行设计，其通常对应于内燃机转速。在这种情况下机械的油泵装置分别针对内燃机的转速范围(其优选对应于600至7000转/分钟)进行优化。
车辆混合动力总成系统(其除了内燃机之外还具有电机以用于驱动车辆)的变速器装置在车辆的运行中即使在内燃机断开时也承受负载。出于这个原因，为了避免损坏和为了能够维持变速器装置的运行准备，变速器装置而后还被供给液压油。为了实施这个规定，变速器装置在内燃机断开时通常经由电的附加泵被加载期望的液压油体积流。而后即使在内燃机断开时且在停车状态下，在变速器装置的区域内还能够接通一个传动比、能够释放特别是构成有单线路(E-Schaltung)的变速器装置的驻车制动器装置、能够通过维持油供给和补偿泄露流来保持在变速器装置中接通的传动比以及能够以期望的规模实施车辆起动过程。
此外借助于电的附加泵在车辆的电行驶运行状态期间在低的变速器输入转速时也可以实施切换，并且分别能够实现在车辆混合动力总成系统的牵引或惯性运行时的牵引力矩以及实现内燃机的通过电机实现的起动过程。
不利的是，附加的电泵装置引起高的制造费用并且分别导致大的构造空间需要以及车辆混合动力总成系统的大自重，这然而是非所期望的。
发明内容
本发明的任务在于提供一种用于运行车辆混合动力总成系统的方法，借助于该方法可便宜制造的且具有小的空间需要的以及具有低的自重的车辆混合动力总成系统的变速器装置能够在车辆混合动力总成系统的整个运行范围上以期望的规模被供给液压油。
根据本发明上述任务通过具有权利要求1的特征的方法实现。
在根据本发明的用于车辆混合动力总成系统的方法，该混合动力总成系统包含：内燃机和电机，它们的扭矩能够被施加在混合动力总成系统的从动端上；设置在内燃机和电机之间的离合器装置；在混合动力总成系统中关于内燃机在离合器装置下游连接的且能被内燃机和电机驱动的油泵装置；以及变速器装置，该变速器装置具有多个用于表示多个不同的传动比的切换元件并且该变速器装置被油泵装置与运行状态相关地供给液压油；独立于或至少部分独立于内燃机的转速地调节电机的转速，以便给变速器装置分别供给对于变速器装置的相应的运行点所需要的液压油体积流。
为了电机的转速能够独立于内燃机的转速地且在不存在电的附加泵的情况下这样被控制，机械的油泵装置即使在内燃机断开时或者当内燃机在离合器装置的区域中脱接时也通过电机在期望的规模上被驱动并且为变速器装置或车辆混合动力总成系统的相应的运行点提供变速器装置的足够的油供给。
从而例如在停车状态期间和在内燃机断开或脱接的情况下存在这样的可能性，即经由油泵装置的通过相应的电机驱动来维持变速器装置的油供给并且以最小的压力控制在变速器装置中与运行状态相关地接入变速器装置的能流中的切换元件并且补偿变速器装置的液压系统中的泄露。这优选利用电机的例如200转/分钟的转速能够实施，其中机械的油泵装置为了这个运行范围可能要进行优化或为了这个运行范围进行设计。
电机的转速优选可降低到这样的转速值，在该转速值上通过最小的油供给来维持变速器装置的运行准备，其中变速器装置的切换元件的传递能力以及在切换元件的区域内出现的牵引力矩而后被减小。
根据本发明运行的车辆混合动力总成系统的变速器装置因此在整个车辆混合动力总成系统的运行范围上在无电附加泵的情况下能够以期望的规模被供给液压油，因此车辆混合动力总成系统与具有电附加泵的车辆混合动力总成系统相比可更加便宜地制造且具有较小的构造空间需求和较低的自重。
在根据本发明的方法的一个有利的方案中，在停车状态的范围内电机的转速对应于一个停车转速值，该停车转速值小于内燃机的空转转速，其中被电机驱动的油泵装置将用于表示变速器装置的当前运行状态的切换元件至少部分地保持在接通状态。
如果在维持变速器装置的运行准备的过程中要在变速器装置实施与油压或油体积相关的活动，那么相应地改变电机的转速，以便能够维持变速器装置的相应期望的运行状态。
在根据本发明的方法的另外一个方案中规定，在停车状态的范围内从停车转速值出发提高电机的转速值，当存在从空挡运行状态(Neutralbetriebzustand)出发在变速器装置中接入一个传动比的需求时，在所述空挡运行状态期间车辆混合动力总成系统的能流在变速器装置的区域内是中断的。
在根据本发明的另外一个方案中规定，在车辆的停车状态的范围内提高电机的转速值，当存在从起动传动比切换到较高的传动比级的切换需求或存在从较高的传动比级切换到起动传动比的切换需求时。
在根据本发明的另外一个方案中规定，当存在释放驻车制动器装置的需求时，在停车状态的范围从停车转速值出发提高电机的转速值。
附加地或替代地，当存在对于车辆起动过程时的需求时或当存在起动内燃机的需求时，从停车转速值出发提高电机的转速值。
在行驶运行中，即在车辆速度大于或等于零时，根据经由变速器装置待引导的扭矩来调节电机的转速值。与此同时，在变速器装置中对于变速器装置运行所需要的操作压力根据经由变速器装置待引导的牵引力矩(Fahrmoment)和相应因此相对应的或为此所需要的切换元件的传递能力来确定并且确定与所需要的操作压力相对应的电机的最小转速。
根据相应存在的车辆混合动力总成系统的运行状态，存在这样的可能性，即相应需要的电机的转速明显小于内燃机的空转转速并且车辆混合动力总成系统的起动元件或起动离合器业已在非常小的从动转速或车辆运行速度时就能够闭合，而后在起动过程中产生小的功率损失。
附图说明
本发明的其它优点和进一步构造由权利要求书和参考附图进行原理性描述的实施例得出。
唯一的附图示出车辆混合动力总成系统的显著示意的示意图，借助于该附图详细阐述根据本发明的操作方法。
具体实施方式
在附图中示出一个车辆混合动力总成系统1，其具有内燃机2和电机3，它们的扭矩可以被施加在车辆混合动力总成系统1的从动端4上。在内燃机2和电机3之间设置离合器装置5，借助于该离合器装置内燃机2与电机3能够不可相对旋转地连接或者内燃机2能够与车辆混合动力总成系统1的剩余区域脱接。
附加地在电机3和从动端4之间设置变速器装置6，该变速器装置具有多个未详细示出的切换元件以用于表示多个不同的传动比，并且变速器装置被设置在变速器输入侧的油泵装置7与运行状态相关地供给液压油。油泵装置7根据离合器装置5的运行状态不仅可被内燃机2而且可被电机3驱动，其中在离合器装置5打开时且在停车状态下基本上经由电机3实现油泵装置7的驱动。油泵装置7在当前情况下设置在变速器装置6的壳体中并且在变速器装置中存在相应的能流时即使在车辆混合动力总成系统1的惯性滑行(Schubbetrieb)时也能够从动端4出发被驱动。
在停车状态下和在内燃机2断开时，将电机3的转速调节到一个停车转速值，其小于内燃机2的空转转速。与此同时，被电机3驱动的、具有规定的供油量的油泵装置7将变速器装置6的用于表示变速器装置6的当前运行状态的切换元件至少部分地保持在接通状态下并且附加地补偿在变速器装置6的液压系统的区域内的泄露损失。变速器装置6的运行状态基本上对应于空挡运行状态，而车辆混合动力总成系统1的能流在变速器装置6的区域内是中断的。停车转速值在当前的车辆混合动力总成系统的实施例中在大约180至220转/分钟的转速范围内，其中油泵装置7为该运行范围是进行优化的。
在停车转速值的水平上，电机3的转速与内燃机2的转速相比如此降低，使得存在变速器装置6的最小的油供给并且变速器装置存在一定的运行准备，而切换元件的传递能力以及在切换元件的范围内引起的牵引力矩被减小。因此在停车状态下且在与而后也降低的变速器装置转速相结合的情况下，在变速器装置6的区域内产生较小的功率损失。
从所描述的车辆混合动力总成系统的所述的运行状态出发，各种不同的需求(其导致车辆混合动力总成系统的运行状态的变换)导致在变速器装置6的区域内的提高的液压油体积需求，其仅仅能通过电机的转速的提高进行满足。
这种类型的需求例如是从变速器装置6的空挡运行状态出发接入变速器装置的一个传动比的需求，或者是释放驻车制动器装置的需求。此外，当存在起动内燃机的需求时或者当存在用于内燃机的起动过程的需求时也从停车转速值出发提高电机3的转速值，以便变速器装置6可以具有相应所需要的功能。
此外，当存在这样的需求：从变速器装置的第一传动比级或起动传动比转换到一个第二或较高的传动比级时；或者从变速器装置6的一个较高的或第二传动比级往回切换到第一传动比级或起动传动比时，提高电机的转速。
在行驶运行时，这意味着在车辆速度大于或等于零时，首先经由变速器装置6待引导的扭矩以及在行驶运行时分别待调节到的变速器装置6的切换元件的传递能力表示对于确定在变速器装置6中的液压压力和因此电机3的最小驱动转速所需要注意的运行参数。
这由这样的事实得出：切换元件需要被加载用于传递牵引力矩所需要的传递能力和与之相对应的操作压力。为此需要的电机3的转速在车辆混合动力总成系统1的规定的运行状态下明显低于内燃机2的空转转速，因此在变速器装置6的区域内的车辆混合动力总成系统的起动元件或起动离合器业已在非常小的输出转速或低的车辆速度时就能够被闭合并且在车辆的起动过程中仅仅出现较小的功率损失。
借助于根据本发明的操作方法，车辆混合动力总成系统的变速器装置在无附加的电的泵装置的情况下在车辆混合动力总成系统的整个运行范围上能够被供给与运行状态相关地所需的液压油体积流，由此根据本发明运行的车辆混合动力总成系统与由实际已知的车辆混合动力总成系统相比可更加便宜地制造并且其特征在于较小的构造空间需求以及较低的自身重量。
附图标记清单
1 车辆混合动力总成系统
2 内燃机
3 电机
4 从动端
5 离合器装置
6 变速器装置
7 油泵装置

Claims (9)

1.一种用于运行车辆混合动力总成系统(1)的方法，该混合动力总成系统包含：内燃机(2)和电机(3)，它们的扭矩能够被施加在混合动力总成系统(1)的从动端(4)上；设置在内燃机(2)和电机(3)之间的离合器装置(5)；在混合动力总成系统(1)中关于内燃机(2)在离合器装置(5)下游连接的且能被内燃机(2)和电机(3)驱动的油泵装置(7)；以及变速器装置(6)，该变速器装置具有多个用于表示多个不同的传动比的切换元件并且该变速器装置被油泵装置(7)与运行状态相关地供给液压油，其特征在于，独立于内燃机(2)的转速地调节电机(3)的转速，以便给变速器装置(6)分别供给对于变速器装置(6)的相应的运行点所需要的液压油体积流。
2.按权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于：在停车状态的范围内电机(3)的转速对应于一个停车转速值，该停车转速值小于内燃机(2)的空转转速，其中被电机(3)驱动的油泵装置(7)将用于表示变速器装置(6)的当前运行状态的切换元件至少部分地保持在接通状态。
3.按权利要求2所述的方法，其特征在于：在停车状态的范围内从停车转速值出发提高电机(3)的转速值，当存在从空挡运行状态出发在变速器装置(6)中接入一个传动比的需求时，在所述空挡运行状态期间车辆混合动力总成系统(1)的能流在变速器装置(6)的区域内是中断的。
4.按权利要求2或3所述的方法，其特征在于：在停车状态的范围内提高电机(3)的转速值，当存在从起动传动比切换到较高的传动比级的切换需求时。
5.按权利要求2至4之一项所述的方法，其特征在于：在停车状态的范围内提高电机(3)的转速值，当存在从较高的传动比级切换到起动传动比的切换需求时。
6.按权利要求2至5之一项所述的方法，其特征在于：当存在释放驻车制动器装置的需求时，在停车状态的范围从停车转速值出发提高电机(3)的转速值。
7.按权利要求2至6之一项所述的方法，其特征在于：当存在对于车辆起动过程的需求时，从停车转速值出发提高电机(3)的转速值。
8.按权利要求2至7之一项所述的方法，其特征在于：当存在起动内燃机的需求时，从停车转速值出发提高电机(3)的转速值。
9.按权利要求1至8之一项所述的方法，其特征在于：在车辆速度大于零时，根据经由变速器装置(6)待引导的扭矩来调节电机(3)的转速值。
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