CN101522418A - 生产涂膜制品的方法 - Google Patents
生产涂膜制品的方法 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN101522418A CN101522418A CNA2007800381162A CN200780038116A CN101522418A CN 101522418 A CN101522418 A CN 101522418A CN A2007800381162 A CNA2007800381162 A CN A2007800381162A CN 200780038116 A CN200780038116 A CN 200780038116A CN 101522418 A CN101522418 A CN 101522418A
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- Prior art keywords
- radiation
- film
- composite membrane
- lamp
- aforementioned
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Classifications
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- B32B37/06—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding characterised by the heating method
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- B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
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- B05D3/02—Pretreatment of surfaces to which liquids or other fluent materials are to be applied; After-treatment of applied coatings, e.g. intermediate treating of an applied coating preparatory to subsequent applications of liquids or other fluent materials by baking
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C35/00—Heating, cooling or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanising; Apparatus therefor
- B29C35/02—Heating or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanizing during moulding, e.g. in a mould
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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- B29C48/03—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor characterised by the shape of the extruded material at extrusion
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种通过辐射固化生产涂膜制品的简化方法。
Description
本发明涉及一种通过辐射固化生产涂膜制品的简化方法。
EP 819 520 A2描述了嵌件模塑热成型干漆膜的生产,其中漆通过辐射固化进行固化。
该公开内容只包括在进行嵌件模塑之后进行辐射固化;换句话说,在与嵌件模塑和热成型分开的一个步骤中进行辐射固化。
WO 06/000349描述了辐射固化的装置,如果合适在惰性气氛下。
其中介绍的装置的缺点是对于热成型没有任何便利性。
WO 00/63015(US6777089B)公开了生产可辐射固化膜的方法。但是,辐射固化优选在热成型之后进行,特别优选在嵌件模塑之后进行。
DaimlerChrysler HighTechReport 1/2005(http://www.daimlerchrysler. com/Projects/c2c/channel/documents/682160 hightechreport 01 2005 film coating g.pdf)描述了涂覆设备,其中在多个独立的生产步骤中生产可辐射固化膜。其中生产操作的关键特征是干燥和固化是分开的。而且热成型和UV固化在两个分开的工艺步骤中进行。
因此,必须提供两个单独的装置,这增加了开支和方法的复杂性并且必须要装置以及厂房面积。
本发明的目的是提供简化的固化方法,其具有降低的设备成本和复杂性,可以进行可辐射固化膜的成型和固化。
该目的通过包括至少以下步骤的生产涂膜制品的方法实现:
1)通过用至少一层可辐射固化外层A)涂覆成膜基质D)生产复合膜(其如果合适可以包含其它任选的夹层B)和/或C)),
2)如果合适,干燥所得复合膜,
3)通过热成型或附着在制品上而使由1)或2)获得的复合膜成型,
4)辐射固化步骤3)中的成型复合膜,及
5)如果合适,嵌件模塑步骤4)中固化的成型复合膜,
其中步骤3)和4)在相同的装置中进行。
将成型步骤3)和辐射固化步骤4)结合在一个装置中的结果是,与现有技术相比,本发明方法可以用简化的装置进行,并且需要更少的能量。
在一个优选的实施方案中,干燥步骤2)也可以至少部分地在相同的装置中进行。
在一个优选的实施方案中,步骤5)也可以至少部分地在相同的装置中进行。
下面更详细地陈述各步骤:
1)通过用至少一层可辐射固化外层A)涂覆成膜基质D)生产复合膜(其如果合适可以涂覆有其它任选的夹层B)和/或C))。
外层A)
根据本发明,外层是可辐射固化的。因此所用外层为包含可自由基固化或可离子固化基团(简称可固化基团)的可辐射固化组合物。优选可自由基固化基团。
可辐射固化层可以彩色的或无色的。
可辐射固化组合物优选是固化步骤4)中所用辐射可穿透的。进行固化以后,该外层仍优选是透明的,即其为清漆层。
可辐射固化组合物的关键成分是粘结剂,其通过形成膜而形成该外层。
可辐射固化组合物优选包含至少一种选自以下的粘结剂:
i)含有烯键式不饱和基团且平均摩尔质量Mn大于2000g/mol的聚合物
ii)i)与非i)(摩尔质量低于2000g/mol的低分子量烯键式不饱和化合物)的混合物
iii)饱和热塑性聚合物与烯键式不饱和化合物的混合物。
在WO 00/63015(特别是第2页第27行至第6页第15行)中,在WO 2005/080484(特别是第2页第39行至第17页第22行)中,在WO 2005/118689(特别是第2页第40行至第20页第14行)中,可以找到化合物i)、ii)和iii)的实例,每个文献在此以引用方式并入本发明。优选的粘结剂为在WO 2005/080484(特别是第2页第39行至第17页第22行)中描述的那些种类。
优选粘结剂的玻璃化转变温度(Tg)低于60℃,优选低于40℃,更优选低于20℃。一般而言,Tg不低于-60℃(这些数字指的是辐射固化之前的粘结剂)。
通过DSC法(差示扫描量热法),根据ASTM 3418/82,以10℃/min的加热速度测定粘结剂的玻璃化转变温度Tg。
在一个优选的实施方案中,可固化的量即烯键式不饱和基团的量为大于2mol/kg粘结剂(固体),优选大于2mol/kg粘结剂(固体)至8mol/kg粘结剂(固体),更优选至少为2.1mol/kg粘结剂(固体)至6mol/kg粘结剂(固体),非常优选为2.2-6,特别是2.3-5,尤其是2.5-5mol/kg粘结剂(固体),即没有水或其它溶剂。
可辐射固化组合物还可以包含其它成分。可以特别提及的是光敏引发剂、流动性控制剂和稳定剂。在应用于户外领域的情况下,即对于直接暴露于日光下的涂层,该组合物特别包含UV吸收剂和自由基清除剂。
可用作热后固化促进剂的化合物的实例包括辛酸锡、辛酸锌、月桂酸二丁基锡或二氮杂[2.2.2]二环辛烷。
光敏引发剂例如可以是本领域熟练技术人员已知的光敏引发剂,实例为在“聚合物科学进展(Advances in Polymer Science)”,第14卷,Springer柏林1974,或在K.K.Dietliker,用于涂料的UV和EB配制剂化学和技术(Chemistry and Technology of UV and EB Formulation for Coatings),Inks and Paints,第3卷;自由基聚合和阳离子聚合的光敏引发剂(Photoinitiators for Free Radical and Cationic Polymerization),P.K.T.Oldring(编辑),SITA Technology Ltd,伦敦中描述的那些。
合适的实例包括在WO 2005/080484 A1,第18页第22行至第19页第10行中描述的那种光敏引发剂,其在此以引用方式并入本发明。
特别优选的光敏引发剂选自2,4,6-三甲基苯甲酰基二苯基氧化膦(来自BASF AG的 TPO),2,4,6-三甲基苯甲酰基苯基次膦酸乙酯(来自BASF AG的 TPO L),双(2,4,6-三甲基苯甲酰基)苯基氧化膦(来自Ciba Spezialittenchemie的),及包含双(2,6-二甲氧基苯甲酰基)-2,4,4-三甲基戊基氧化膦的混合物,如与2-羟基-2-甲基-1-苯基丙-1-酮的混合物(来自Ciba Spezialittenchemie的1700)或与1-羟基环己基苯基酮的混合物(来自Ciba Spezialittenchemie的 1800)。
UV吸收剂将UV辐射转化成热能。已知的UV吸收剂为羟基苯酮、苯并三唑、肉桂酯和N,N’-二苯基乙二酰胺。
自由基清除剂结合作为中间产物形成的自由基。重要的自由基清除剂为空间位阻胺,其被称为HALS(位阻胺光稳定剂)。
对于户外应用,UV吸收剂和自由基清除剂的总量优选为0.1-5重量份,更优选0.5-4重量份/100重量份可辐射固化化合物。
除了可辐射固化化合物,可辐射固化组合物还进一步包含可通过其它化学反应进行固化的化合物。合适的实例包括与羟基或胺基团交联的多异氰酸酯。
可辐射固化组合物可以是无水形式和无溶剂形式、溶液形式或分散体形式。
优选无水和无溶剂形式的可辐射固化组合物,或者水溶液或水分散体形式的可辐射固化组合物。
特别优选无水和无溶剂形式的可辐射固化组合物。
但是,还合理的是给予可辐射固化组合物可热塑成型的构型,以例如使之可挤出。
上述可辐射固化组合物形成外层。该层厚度(干燥和固化之后)例如为1-1000μm,优选为10-100μm。
基质层D)
基质层用作支撑体且用于确保整个组件的持久的高韧性。
基质层优选由热塑性聚合物组成,尤其是聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯、聚甲基丙烯酸丁酯、聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯、聚对苯二甲酸丁二酯、聚偏1,1-二氟乙烯、聚氯乙烯、聚酯、聚烯烃、丙烯腈-乙烯-丙烯-二烯-苯乙烯共聚物(A-EPDM)、聚醚酰亚胺、聚醚酮、聚苯硫、聚亚苯基醚或其混合物。
另外可以提及的是聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚丁二烯、聚酯、聚酰胺、聚醚、聚碳酸酯、聚乙烯醇缩醛、聚丙烯腈、聚缩醛、聚乙烯醇、聚乙酸乙烯酯、酚醛树脂、尿素树脂、三聚氰胺树脂、醇酸树脂、环氧树脂或聚氨酯、它们的嵌段共聚物或接枝共聚物及其混合物。
优选提及的是ABS、AES、AMMA、ASA、EP、EPS、EVA、EVAL、HDPE、LDPE、MABS、MBS、MF、PA、PA6、PA66、PAN、PB、PBT、PBTP、PC、PE、PEC、PEEK、PEI、PEK、PEP、PES、PET、PETP、PF、PI、PIB、PMMA、POM、PP、PPS、PS、PSU、PUR、PVAC、PVAL、PVC、PVDC、PVP、SAN、SB、SMS、UF、UP聚合物(根据DIN7728的缩写代码)和脂族聚酮。
特别优选的基质为聚烯烃如PP(聚丙烯)(其任选可以是等规立构、间规立构或无规立构并且任选可以是未取向或通过单轴或双轴拉伸取向)、SAN(苯乙烯-丙烯腈共聚物)、PC(聚碳酸酯)、PMMA(聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯)、PBT(聚(对苯二甲酸丁二酯))、PA(聚酰胺)、ASA(丙烯腈-苯乙烯-丙烯酸酯共聚物)和ABS(丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯共聚物)以及它们的物理混合物(掺混物)。特别优选PP、SAN、ABS、ASA,及ABS或ASA与PA或PBT或PC的掺混物。
非常特别优选ASA(特别是根据DE 19 651 350)及ASA/PC掺混物以及SAN。同样优选聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)或抗冲击改性的PMMA。
层厚优选为50μm-5mm。特别优选(尤其如果该基质层是嵌件模塑的)为100-1000μm,特别是100-500μm。
基质层的聚合物可以包含添加剂。尤其合适的是填料或纤维。基质层还可以是有色的并从而可以同时用作有色层。
其它层
除了外层A)和基质层D),该膜还可以包含其它层。
合适的实例包括有色夹层C)或其它热塑性材料层(热塑性夹层)B),其增强该膜或用作分隔层,例如由WO 2004/009251已知。
热塑性夹层可以由上文作为“基质层”叙述的聚合物组成。
特别优选聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA),优选抗冲击改性的PMMA。还可以提及的是聚氨酯。
有色层同样可以由上述聚合物组成。它们包括分布在聚合物层中的染料和/或颜料。
基质后面的层的数量可以最高达20层。优选至多6层,特别优选至多4层。
这些层也可以应用在例如全部面积并影像化例如以印刷图像的形式,或者作为层厚调节结构-换句话说,作为不同的表面润湿、光吸收、光折射、光导向、电流导向或热导向调节结构。这些层可以通过可UV固化的面层材料保护。
一种优选的膜具有例如以下层结构,字母顺序对应于空间排列:
A)外层
B)热塑性夹层(任选的)
C)有色夹层(任选的)
D)基质层
E)粘合剂层(任选的)
另一种优选的膜具有例如以下层结构,字母顺序对应于空间排列:
A)外层
B)单层或多层印花(任选的)
C)有色夹层(任选的)
D)基质层
E)粘合剂层(任选的)
在基质层的相反面(简称为后面)(即面对待涂覆制品的面)可以施加有粘合剂层,如果该膜是要粘附在制品上。
可以有保护层施加在透明外层上,即可去除片,其防止不需要的固化。厚度例如可以是50-100μm。保护层例如可以由聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚环烯烃、聚硅氧烷、聚氢氟碳或聚对苯二甲酸酯组成。可去除片可以在成型步骤之前去除。如果保护片本身不足以可成型,则它必须被去除。
保护片可以是平滑的或有纹理的。施加纹理用于例如使面层上浮现出纹理。
或者辐照可以穿过保护层进行,在这种情况下保护层必须是在辐照波长范围内可穿透的。
复合膜的总厚度优选为50-1000μm。
复合膜的生产
层B)-D)的复合层可以例如通过某些或所有这些层的共挤出生产。
为进行共挤出,将各组分在挤出机中流化,并通过特定方法使之彼此接触使所得膜具有上述层序。各组分例如可以通过缝形模头共挤出。该方法在EP-A2-0 225 500中有所描述。除了其中描述的方法,还可以使用所谓的适配共挤出法。
该复合层可以通过常规方法生产,例如通过如上所述的共挤出,或者在例如可加热的辊隙中层压。以这种方法可以首先生产除了外层之外的各层的复合层,随后可以通过常规方法施加外层。
在挤出(包括共挤出)可辐射固化组合物的情况下,通过混合各组分制备可辐射固化组合物与生产外层可以在一个操作中进行。
这可以通过首先在挤出机中熔融热塑性组分如不饱和聚合物i)(如上文所述)或iii)下的饱和聚合物(见上文)完成。需要的熔融温度取决于各聚合物。熔融操作之后,优选可以计量加入其它组分,尤其是低分子量的可辐射固化化合物ii)(见上文)。该化合物用作增塑剂,从而降低该组合物处于熔体形式的温度。当加入可辐射固化化合物时的温度必须特别是低于已知的临界温度,在该温度发生可辐射固化化合物的热固化。
临界温度可以通过量热测量容易地测定,即用温度增加测量热量输入,与上述玻璃化转变温度的测定一致。
然后可辐射固化组合物作为外层直接挤出在现有复合层上,或者在共挤出的情况下,与复合层的各层一起挤出。
挤出直接生产分层的复合膜。
优选以简单的方法如喷涂、注射、展涂、镘涂、刮刀涂布、刷涂、滚压、辊涂、浇注、层压等将可辐射固化组合物施加至基质层或复合层,并且如果合适可以进行干燥。
在另一个实施方案中,粘结剂和/或可辐射固化组合物也可以以熔融形式施加。
可以通过任何非常广泛变化的喷涂方法如气压、无气或静电喷涂法,使用单组件或双组件喷涂单元而单层或多层施加涂层组合物,或者通过注射、镘涂、刮刀涂布、刷涂、滚压、辊涂、浇注、层压、嵌件模塑或共挤出而单层或多层施加涂层组合物。
涂层厚度通常位于约3-1000g/m2且优选10-200g/m2的范围内。
外层可辐射交联。复合膜可热弹性形变。如果需要,在生产复合膜之后可以直接将保护层(保护片、可去除片)置于外层上。保护片除了可以保护以免于防机械和污染的影响或免于过早暴露于光,而且对于不抗粘着的面层还可以产生可堆叠或可卷绕的罩面。另外,还可以用于使表面平滑或相反使表面上浮现出纹理。
分层的复合膜具有高光泽和良好的机械性能。基本上观察不到裂纹。
分层的复合膜的可延展性优选至少为100%,基于未延展状态(在140℃下,厚度为50μm)。可以在至多250℃,优选在20-200℃之间的不同温度下进行延展。
2)如果合适,将所得复合膜的不同层进行干燥
如果需要,一般在标准温度条件(即不对涂层进行加热)下对涂层进行干燥。当涂层组合物包含溶剂时,可以在施加之后在升高的温度如40-250℃,优选40-150℃,特别是40-100℃下进行干燥。这受膜的热稳定性限制。
除了热处理或代替热处理,还可以通过NIR辐射进行干燥和/或热处理,这里NIR辐射的意思是在760nm-2.5μm,优选900-1500nm的波长范围内的电磁辐射。
3)通过热成型或附着在制品上而使可由1)或2)获得的复合膜成型
可以存储该膜一直到后续使用时才进行部分固化(如在EP-A2 819 516所述)。
后续使用前的粘附性或性能老化几乎观察不到或根本观察不到。
在成型步骤,步骤3)中,
-如果已经预先将平面膜施加到合适的平面制品上,则可通过例如层压获得的复合层可以通过热成型成型;
-该膜在相应地成型之后,可以施加至三维成型的基质上;
-该三维成型的基质可以与未成型的膜即平面膜连接,该膜相应地在该基质上成型(附着);或者
-平面膜可以以合适的方式成型,例如用基于塑料、木材、纸、金属、陶瓷等的不同材料进行注射背衬模塑、泡沫背衬、回填或压缩背衬模塑;这形成了各组件。
在此上下文中可以使用常规方法和措施,例如由美国专利US 4,810,540 A、US 4,931,324 A或US 5,114,789 A或者由欧洲专利EP 266 109 B1、EP 285071 B1(特别是其中的关于热成型操作的第13页第41行至第14页第31行和关于嵌件模塑操作的第14页第35行至第15页第19行)、EP 352298 B1或EP 449982 B1获知的那种。在此上下文中优选在EP 285071 B1中描述的方法。
对于热成型操作,优选将干漆膜加热至干漆膜的玻璃化转变温度范围内的温度。成型操作的优选操作温度为20-250℃,更优选为80-190℃。然后用热成型模塑工具通过真空或通过在相反面施加压力将这样加热的膜进行无折痕和永久热成型。然后可以将热成型的干漆膜根据所需周线进行切割或冲压。
根据本发明,热成型之后或步骤5)的嵌件模塑之后,将干漆膜进行辐射固化。
为附着至制品,将所述制品在面对干漆膜下面的模具侧引入模具。在这种情况下该制品本身成为模具的一个部件,特别是以冲压的方式。术语“制品”指的是任何所需的二维产品且特别是三维产品,尤其是模块、组件的各零件或复合组件的各组件,其以其合适的几何形式存在。制品的材料包括木材、陶瓷材料、金属、塑料、泡沫和复合材料,特别是机动交通工具构造中车身区域中常规使用的材料,以及建筑材料或通常的塑料或玻璃罩或者塑料或玻璃窗户。
在该方法下一个关键步骤中,加热干漆膜以使其可塑性变形。如果合适,该加热也使相应的粘合剂活化。适合该方法的干漆膜由至少部分热塑性聚合物或塑料组成。根据该方法,将干漆膜加热至至少高于其聚合物组分的玻璃化转变温度,以使干漆膜变得容易成型。成型操作的优选操作温度为20-250℃,更优选为80-190℃,并且可以在实际成型之前设置或者直到成型操作期间才设置。根据模-基质复合层的最佳粘合强度,可以将成为模具部分的制品预热或不预热。在随后的成型操作过程中,干漆膜至少附着在该制品的可视面。该操作步骤也称为热成型。
在第一个实施方案中,该制品被用作模具,例如用作冲压机,并被移到或穿过该拉紧的干漆膜的膜平面。此时干漆膜均匀地附着在该制品上。
在第二个实施方案中,该制品保持在其位置上并且通过至少在该制品的可视面上施加压力而对该干漆膜施压。可以以已知的方式通过空气过压或通过补充制品形状的模具进行施压。
同样这两种变型方法可以同时进行或以非常广泛变化的重叠时间相继进行。
根据本发明,在相同的装置内将附着在制品上的膜进行辐射固化。
特别优选干漆膜不仅在制品的可视部分拉伸而且在边界边际和边缘也拉伸。在该上下文中特别预想层压金属制品的切口边缘。如果用通常机身构造中的条状金属板(并用防腐蚀涂层或其它涂层进行预处理)生产该制品则是特别有利的。条状金属板通常在切口边缘和边际失去涂层,从而导致使用中的腐蚀问题。在这种情况下最后的有色或有效涂覆材料常常不能再提供合适的防腐蚀保护。相反,以所述方式施加的干漆膜对边缘和边际显示出卓越的保护性能。即使当各组件的暴露区域承受特别的由打击、碰撞或摩擦导致的机械负载时,干漆膜也是尤其有利的。可以考虑例如石头碎片保护膜。与已知的涂膜金属板工艺形成对比的是,在所述方法中,将膜和条状金属板分别切割成一定尺寸并在不同阶段成型。通过临时软化的底部聚合物层和/或优选通过额外的粘合剂层或助粘剂层E)而在制品表面和干漆膜之间产生的坚固的组合件。这种情况下可以将粘合剂或助粘剂施加至干漆膜和该制品。
可以将膜粘附至基质而进行涂覆。为此,优选在基质层相反面的膜上提供粘合剂层E)。特别合适的制品是木制品、塑料制品、泡沫材料制品、金属制品、玻璃制品和陶瓷制品。
4)辐射固化步骤3)中的成型复合膜
根据本发明,在进行成型的同一个装置中,还将成型膜进行辐射固化。
外层的辐射固化优选在步骤3)所述热成型或附着操作之后进行,并且在热成型的情况下,可以在步骤5)所述的膜的嵌件模塑之前或之后进行。
以这种方式获得的表面在表面质量方面具有优点。例如有较少的由引入灰尘导致的表面缺陷,并且一般说来,表面的抗机械和抗化学性能更好。
使用高能光进行辐射固化,实例为UV光或电子束。可以在较高温度下进行辐射固化。在这种情况下优选高于可辐射固化粘结剂的玻璃化转变温度Tg的温度。
优选在膜的外层侧进行辐照。一般只有当基质膜D)和如果合适存在的夹层B)和/或C)是辐射固化中所用辐射可穿透的时才可以穿过基质膜D)进行辐照。
当穿过(热成型)模具进行辐射固化时,该模具当然设计成所述辐射可穿透的,例如由玻璃或塑料制成。
如果在步骤3)中将膜热成型,那么外层A)的辐射固化优选直到外层侧脱离热成型模具之后,更优选另外进行步骤5)所述的嵌件模塑之后,并且在嵌件模塑膜已经脱离热成型模具之后才进行。
当在步骤3)中膜已经附着在制品上时,从外层侧对外层A)进行辐射固化。
此时辐射固化为由电磁辐射和/或粒子辐射(优选波长范围在λ=200nm以上的光和/或150-300keV的电子束,并且特别优选波长为250-700nm的光且辐射量至少为80,优选为80-3000mJ/cm2)导致的可聚合化合物的自由基聚合。
除了辐射固化,还可以包括其它固化机理,实例为热固化、湿固化、化学固化和/或氧化固化(双重固化)。
在另外的热固化的情况下,还可以如下进行固化:将制品进行热处理,随后在至多160℃,优选60-160℃的温度下施加膜以产生快速预固化,随后在氧气或优选惰性气体下使用电子束或暴露于UV而进行固化直到固化完成。
辐射固化的合适辐射源的实例包括低压、中压和高压汞灯以及荧光管、脉冲发射器、金属卤化物灯、卤素灯、LED灯、闪光灯和电子闪光装置,其使不需要光敏引发剂或激元发射器就能辐射固化。通过暴露于高能辐射(即UV辐射或日光,优选波长在λ=200nm以上,更优选为λ=250-700nm,非常特别优选λ=250-500nm的光)完成辐射固化,或者通过用高能电子(电子束:150-300keV)轰击完成辐射固化。所用辐射源的实例包括高压汞蒸气灯、激光、脉冲灯(闪光)、卤素灯或激元发射器。足够在UV固化的情况下交联的辐射量通常为80-3000mJ/cm2。
在一个优选的实施方案中,辐射源选自高压汞灯、低压汞灯、卤素灯和闪光灯,更优选闪光灯。
优选的高压汞灯具有的发光装置功率密度最高达400W/厘米灯长,还可以在较高的温度下例如最高达300℃下使用,所以使其特别适用于本发明。由于这些灯用电极点燃,要求几分钟(通常3分钟)的启动期以完全开发其功率,并且因为多个开关循环使这些灯的寿命减少,因此对于本发明优选使用高压汞灯,因为其可以防护地关闭并从而可开关,而且害提供长燃烧时间。通过微波启动的无电极灯具有缩短的启动时间,其在即使没有封闭罩的情况下也可以使用。
优选的低压汞灯可以在大约几秒钟内开关。它们的功率密度(基于灯长)基本上低于高压汞灯;必须考虑相应地高灯长和个体数量以及如果合适辐照时间。在高于100℃的温度下,由于性能骤降,这些灯不合适。
在本发明的一个特别优选的实施方案中,使用脉冲灯,优选氙闪光灯进行步骤4)。工业用或照相用脉冲灯短期内每次闪光的功率密度非常高(最高达100kW)。通常功率为30W-20kW。发射的光谱包括可视和UV光谱中的宽光谱范围。合适的闪光灯例如在WO-A-94/11123和EP-A-525340中有所描述。特别优选具有波长为200-900nm且最高约500nm的光发射的闪光灯。在膜的表面,应实现每次闪光放电至少5百万勒,优选10-70百万勒。为此优选联用两个或多个闪光灯。因此,其它优选的闪光灯还包括在照相领域内使用的较弱功率的灯。
干漆膜可以通过两次或多次闪光放电进行固化,优选通过1-20次,非常优选通过1-5次闪光。
使用脉冲灯的特别的优点是与其它照明装置相比曝光时间短,结果是每次通过加热、冷却、真空和通风程序热成型和涂覆的涂覆部分的循环时间没有被随后的光固化延长,或仅非实质性地延长了约0-30秒。能量消耗限于固化时间。用中压或高压汞灯时,这对于这些灯是有必要的,这是为了避免接通和切断状态持续数分钟,其每种情况下还对灯的寿命有不利影响,特别在包含电极的照明装置的情况下,和/或对灯的启动电学有不利影响,特别是在微波启动灯的情况下。
闪光灯距膜表面的距离为1-100cm,优选为5-50cm。
通常,灯玻璃或反射器玻璃中的滤色片过滤掉UVB和/或UVC部分以及其它UV部分。此时特别优选使用上述优选的光敏引发剂。
当然还可以使用两种或更多种固化辐射源,以获得最佳固化所需的辐射量。
这些源还可以不同地发射,并且每个源以不同的波长范围发射。
在一个优选的实施方案中,辐照也可以在排除氧或贫氧的气氛下进行,例如氧分压小于18kPa,优选为0.5-18kPa,更优选为1-15kPa,非常优选为1-10kPa,特别是1-5kPa,或者在惰性气体气氛下进行。合适的惰性气体包括优选氮气、希有气体、二氧化碳、水蒸气或燃烧气体。还可以通过降低环境压力而降低氧分压。此外,还可以对涂覆有透明介质的涂覆材料进行辐照。透明介质的实例包括聚合物膜、玻璃或液体,例如水。特别优选以DE-A1 199 57 900中描述的方法进行辐照。
其它隔离层可以是由对大气氧具有隔离作用的疏水或亲水蜡或液体组成的膜。
因此在本发明的一个优选实施方案中,用于待固化外层的隔离层为可去除保护片,其保护外层不暴露于氧气。
另一个可能性是使用该膜在制品上产生或加强特别的表面质量,实例为:
-“高尔夫球”表面,降低流动阻力,特别是空气阻力,
-具有降低阻力的凹槽表面(拉条)的“鲨鱼皮”,用于降低气体和液体的流动阻力(减曳作用),
-荷花效果,
-消光效应,
-以及使表面具有纹理(平滑、有纹理、无光泽、基本结构,例如镜像结构、木材表面型材、纹饰皮革外观等)。
当还包含具有另外的热交联作用的交联剂如异氰酸酯时,可以例如同时或者在辐射固化之后通过升高温度至至多150℃,优选至多130℃进行热交联,如果合适暴露于大气湿度下。也可以不额外加热而进行热交联,经过几小时至几天的后固化时间。
5)如果合适,嵌件模塑步骤4)中的成型复合膜
步骤3)中热成型的膜可以优选用于嵌件模塑或平面膜可以以合适的方式成型,例如用基于塑料、木材、纸、金属、陶瓷等的不同材料进行注射背衬模塑、泡沫背衬、回填或压缩背衬模塑从而形成各组件。
在该上下文中可以使用常规方法和措施,例如由美国专利US 4,810,540 A、US 4,931,324 A或US 5,114,789 A或者由欧洲专利EP 266 109 B1、EP 285071 B1(特别是其中的关于热成型操作的第13页第41行至第14页第31行和关于嵌件模塑操作的第14页第35行至第15页第19行)、EP 352298 B1或EP 449982 B1获知的那种。
为此优选如下处理热成型膜:该膜优选在热成型模具中热成型,并将聚合化合物注射背衬模塑在基质层的反面。聚合化合物包括例如上文描述基质层所列的聚合物或者例如聚氨酯,尤其是聚氨酯泡沫。这些聚合物可以包含添加剂,特别是例如纤维,如玻璃纤维、植物纤维,或者填料。
为此将冲压和热成型的干漆膜插入注射模具并用塑料注射-背衬模塑、泡沫背衬或回填。为使待生产的制品通过嵌件模塑而可靠地成型并且完成后具有装饰性,在嵌件模塑的过程中,可以将弹性干漆膜同时靠着注射模具(其已根据制品所需形状阴模加工)的边界进行压制。用于嵌件模塑的塑料固化之后,将完全装饰的制品从注射模具中取出。
然后优选将脱模制品通过在外层A)上辐射而固化。
应用领域和优点
该膜可以用于涂覆二维和三维成型制品。在该上下文中任何所需成型制品均可以。特别优选使用该膜涂覆成型制品(对于该成型制品,非常好的表面性能、高天候稳定性和良好的UV稳定性是重要因素)。此外所得表面非常耐划痕、耐化学、耐天候且热粘附,因此可靠地预防了表面由于天候、刮擦或拆除而被破坏。因此,成型制品用在户外领域、建筑物外面是优选的应用领域。特别是该膜用于涂覆机动交通工具组件,实例包括翼、门饰、缓冲器、扰流器、裙和外镜。
该膜显著适于生产运输装置上的装饰涂层和/或保护涂层,包括航空器、船、轨道车辆、人力车、摩托车及其组件、内部和外部领域的建筑物及其各部件、门、窗和家具,以及空心玻璃制品、卷材、容器、包装的工业涂层,小型工业零件如螺帽、螺栓、毂盖,光学组件、电气组件如绕组,包括用于电机的线圈及定子和转子,机械组件和白色商品组件,包括家用电器、煮器和暖气装置。特别是该膜用于涂覆三维组件,尤其是用于生产机身的安装在表面的组件。因此,适于机身的涂层材料优选用于生产该膜,但是必须具有本发明目的所要求的韧性。
特别优选代表机身组件的制品。这种组件特别包括可以插入较大面积机身的小型零件,实例为燃料盖、油箱盖、横向或纵向的柱或梁、门把手等。对于这些应用,特别是颜色质量和对该物体的作用的精确和一致性是必要的,并且必须不偏离围绕着它们的机身。此时干漆膜和本发明应用方法与传统精饰相比表现出特别的优点。
此外,有利地,内部汽车组件如仪表板衬里或内部车门衬里例如可以通过膜的泡沫背衬和如上所述固化来生产。为此该膜优选用有纹理的保护片涂覆,以获得例如皮革外观并穿过所述片固化。
除了在汽车领域的交通工具,同样通常可以考虑多用途车辆、航空器、轮船、小船和轨道车辆。
还特别优选涂覆门、窗、壁元件、地板覆盖元件、表面元件和顶部元件以及家具表面。同样优选生产器具外壳,特别是在家居中,如冰箱、洗衣机和洗碗机、咖啡机、微波炉、电脑、电话、PDA、玩具、消费者电子设备、音乐器械、运动设备的外壳或者商业上使用的设备的外壳。
除非另有说明,该说明书中所用ppm和百分比数据指的是重量百分比和重量ppm。
下面用实施例阐述本发明,但本发明并不限于这些实施例。
实施例
实施例1
用由 UA 9047 V(可辐射固化的基于六亚甲基二异氰酸酯的单组分尿烷丙烯酸酯,BASF Aktiengesellschaft,Ludwigshafen)和作为光敏引发剂混合物的基于非挥发性部分为3%1-羟基环己基苯基酮和0.5%2,4,6-三甲基苯甲酰基二苯基氧化膦( TPO,BASFAktiengesellschaft,Ludwigshafen)组成的可UV固化的清漆材料涂覆可热成型的膜(BASF Aktiengesellschaft,Ludwigshafen),通过刮刀进行涂覆的干膜厚度为50g/m2。在50℃下干燥15分钟。
将该膜夹入宽59cm且长69cm的框架中,并引入由底部部件(为提供基质盘)、所述可插入式框架和高约45cm的盖子组成的热成型装置中;所有组件均可以彼此真空密闭。每种情况下可以通过基底和盖子独立地进行充气和排气。在盖子中有IR灯用于加热,及IR温度探测器以测量和调节温度。在有框架的盖子组合件中,将膜加热至约180℃并通过低于一大气压的压力拉入盖子中,从而为基质盘腾出空间。随后用包括基质盘的底部部件包围整个装置。通过在膜和基质之间形成真空,将膜没有泡沫地吸至基质上。所用基质为最大高度1.9cm且面积50cm×60cm的成型MDF盘。在覆铝的盖子内,该装置,和IR灯,还包括30个闪光灯(照明元件长度46mm,灯距10cm(使用商业照相闪光灯,例如MECABLITZ 45 CL1(MetzGmbH,Zirndorf))进行UV辐照。该膜被吸至木制基质上之后,将氮气通过该施加的膜上。在内部温度为100℃下(其在吸至木制盘的膜冷却和充气期间获得)然后每隔5秒用3个闪光灯曝光。整个循环时间为70秒,并且由于曝光而不延长。
实施例2
如实施例1进行吸和施加。不用照相闪光灯,在Flood Head闪光灯头中使用工业UV闪光灯(长度约190mm,输出值最大为4000J的照明元件)结合来自Visit GmbH & CO KG,Wüirzburg的3000Ws UV发生器。使用5个闪光灯固化2m2的表面积,灯-基质距离约为30cm。
两个实施例均生产耐划痕的坚固表面。
对比例3和4:
重复实施例1和2,每种情况下在热成型装置外面进行曝光。在面积为90cm×110cm且深100cm的表面覆铝容器中装入3kg干冰。这产生约1体积%的残留氧气含量。基质仍然在约100℃的温度下悬浮,使得包含实施例1和2的闪光灯的盖子中,灯和膜表面之间相距30cm。
通过用Scotch BriteTM垫(3M)(加载重500g的锤子)以10-50重摩擦(DR)进行刮擦后测量光泽损失(测量角20°)而测量涂漆面的耐划痕性。该测试中,实施例1和2的表面显示出更少的由引入灰尘导致的缺陷,更耐划痕:
刮擦后的相对光泽损失:
Claims (16)
1.一种生产涂膜制品的方法,包括至少以下步骤:
1)通过用至少一层可辐射固化外层A)涂覆成膜基质D)生产复合膜,复合膜如果合适可以包含其它任选的夹层B)和/或C),
2)如果合适,干燥所得复合膜,
3)通过热成型或附着在制品上而使1)或2)获得的复合膜成型,
4)辐射固化步骤3)中的成型复合膜,及
5)如果合适,嵌件模塑步骤4)中固化的成型复合膜,
其中步骤3)和4)在相同的装置中进行。
2.根据权利要求1的方法,其中干燥步骤2)也至少部分地在相同的装置中进行。
3.根据权利要求1或2的方法,其中步骤5)也至少部分地在相同的装置中进行。
4.根据前述任一项权利要求的方法,其中可辐射固化外层A)包含至少一种选自如下的粘结剂:
i)含有烯键式不饱和基团且平均摩尔质量Mn大于2000g/mol的聚合物
ii)i)与为摩尔质量低于2000g/mol的低分子量烯键式不饱和化合物的非i)的混合物
iii)饱和热塑性聚合物与烯键式不饱和化合物的混合物。
5.根据前述任一项权利要求的方法,其中可辐射固化外层A)包含至少一种选自以下物质的光敏引发剂:2,4,6-三甲基苯甲酰基二苯基氧化膦、2,4,6-三甲基苯甲酰基苯基次膦酸乙酯、双(2,4,6-三甲基苯甲酰基)苯基氧化膦,及包含双(2,6-二甲氧基苯甲酰基)2,4,4-三甲基戊基氧化膦与2-羟基-2-甲基-1-苯基丙-1-酮或与1-羟基环己基苯基酮的混合物。
6.根据前述任一项权利要求的方法,其中构造的干漆膜具有以下结构:
A)外层
B)热塑性夹层(任选)
C)有色夹层(任选)
D)基质层
E)粘合剂层(任选)。
7.根据权利要求1-5中任一项的方法,其中构造的干漆膜具有以下结构:
A)外层
B)单层或多层印花(任选)
C)有色夹层(任选)
D)基质层
E)粘合剂层(任选)。
8.根据权利要求6或7的方法,其中所述干漆膜还包含施加至外层A)的保护片。
9.根据前述任一项权利要求的方法,其中步骤4)中辐射固化的辐射源选自高压汞灯、低压汞灯和闪光灯。
10.根据权利要求1-8中任一项的方法,其中步骤4)中辐射固化的辐射源包括闪光灯。
11.根据权利要求10的方法,其中所述闪光灯发射波长为200-900nm的光。
12.根据权利要求10或11的方法,其中选择闪光灯的发光强度使得每次闪光放电在膜的表面获得至少5百万勒。
13.根据前述任一项权利要求的方法,其中步骤4)中的辐射固化在排除氧或贫氧的气氛下进行。
14.根据权利要求1-12中任一项的方法,其中对于步骤4)中的辐射固化,使用可去除保护片防止所述膜暴露于氧气。
15.根据前述任一项权利要求的方法,其用于生产运输装置,航空器、船、轨道车辆、人力车、摩托车及其组件,内部或外部领域的建筑物及其各部件,门、窗和家具,空心玻璃制品、卷材、容器、包装,小型工业零件,螺帽、螺栓、毂盖,光学组件,电气组件,绕组,电机的线圈、定子和转子,机械组件,白色商品组件,家用电器、煮器和暖气装置。
16.根据权利要求1-14中任一项的方法,其用于生产三维组件。
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CN101522418A true CN101522418A (zh) | 2009-09-02 |
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CNA2007800381162A Pending CN101522418A (zh) | 2006-10-13 | 2007-10-11 | 生产涂膜制品的方法 |
Country Status (7)
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US (1) | US20100021737A1 (zh) |
EP (1) | EP2097258A2 (zh) |
JP (1) | JP2010505619A (zh) |
KR (1) | KR20090068269A (zh) |
CN (1) | CN101522418A (zh) |
BR (1) | BRPI0720190A2 (zh) |
WO (1) | WO2008043812A2 (zh) |
Cited By (3)
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CN104050949A (zh) * | 2013-03-14 | 2014-09-17 | 达达里奥有限公司 | 可辐射固化的鼓皮膜 |
CN105531334A (zh) * | 2013-06-27 | 2016-04-27 | 科思创德国股份公司 | 可金属化、抗刮并耐溶剂的薄膜 |
CN104718798B (zh) * | 2012-10-15 | 2017-09-05 | 住友化学株式会社 | 电子器件的制造方法 |
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EP2218570A1 (en) * | 2009-01-26 | 2010-08-18 | VKR Holding A/S | Roofing components having vacuum-formed thermoset materials and related manufacturing methods |
DE102009021610A1 (de) * | 2009-05-15 | 2010-11-18 | Airbus Deutschland Gmbh | Luftfahrzeug mit lackierter Außenoberfläche und Dekorfolie |
DE102009022542A1 (de) * | 2009-05-25 | 2010-12-09 | Leonhard Kurz Stiftung & Co. Kg | Mehrschichtfolie |
DE102010002766A1 (de) * | 2010-03-11 | 2011-09-15 | Lisa Dräxlmaier GmbH | Verfahren zum Kaschieren einer flexiblen Materiallage auf einen dreidimensional konturierten Träger sowie Vorrichtung hierfür |
DE102010003440A1 (de) | 2010-03-30 | 2011-10-06 | Lisa Dräxlmaier GmbH | Verfahren zum Herstellen von Innenverkleidungsteilen durch Kaschieren sowie Innenverkleidungsteil |
US8901198B2 (en) | 2010-11-05 | 2014-12-02 | Ppg Industries Ohio, Inc. | UV-curable coating compositions, multi-component composite coatings, and related coated substrates |
US8513321B2 (en) | 2010-11-05 | 2013-08-20 | Ppg Industries Ohio, Inc. | Dual cure coating compositions, methods of coating a substrate, and related coated substrates |
JP2014235811A (ja) * | 2013-05-31 | 2014-12-15 | 住友化学株式会社 | 電子デバイスの製造方法 |
JP6650148B2 (ja) | 2014-02-13 | 2020-02-19 | スリーエム イノベイティブ プロパティズ カンパニー | デュアルキュア型耐汚染性マイクロスフェア物品 |
DE102014222500A1 (de) * | 2014-11-04 | 2016-05-04 | Johnson Controls Interiors Management Gmbh | Verfahren zum Herstellen eines Ausstattungsteils und Ausstattungsteil für den Innenraum eines Kraftfahrzeuges |
JP6965743B2 (ja) * | 2015-03-30 | 2021-11-10 | 大日本印刷株式会社 | 加飾シート |
FR3043686B1 (fr) * | 2015-11-13 | 2020-02-14 | Safran Aircraft Engines | Procede d'application d'un film souple sur une piece de forme complexe |
TW201722699A (zh) | 2015-12-30 | 2017-07-01 | 聖高拜塑膠製品公司 | 複合管及其製造與使用方法 |
FR3076245A1 (fr) * | 2017-12-28 | 2019-07-05 | Compagnie Plastic Omnium | Composant modulaire comportant un film fonctionnel |
US11969930B2 (en) | 2020-03-16 | 2024-04-30 | Bank Of America, N.A., As Administrative Agent | Extrusion process and assembly for producing a roof ditch molding having a bright film exterior layer |
US11597131B2 (en) | 2020-03-16 | 2023-03-07 | U.S. Farathane Corporation | Method, article and assembly for applying a multi-layer film to an elongate extruded article |
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US2750320A (en) * | 1954-03-29 | 1956-06-12 | Swedlow Plastics Company | Process for preparing continuous plastic sheets |
US4187258A (en) * | 1971-06-25 | 1980-02-05 | Ppg Industries, Inc. | Sealerless primers |
GB1422778A (en) * | 1972-04-10 | 1976-01-28 | Ici Ltd | Shaped polymeric articles |
US4265723A (en) * | 1979-07-06 | 1981-05-05 | Basf Aktiengesellschaft | Photocurable molding, impregnating and coating compositions |
DE4013776A1 (de) * | 1990-04-28 | 1991-10-31 | Pagendarm Gmbh | Verfahren und vorrichtung zum aufbringen einer beschichtung auf eine substratbahn |
US5599608A (en) * | 1995-06-20 | 1997-02-04 | Green Tokai Co., Ltd. | Method of insert molding plastic parts to provide covered edge surfaces and plastic parts made thereby |
DE19628966C1 (de) * | 1996-07-18 | 1997-12-18 | Daimler Benz Ag | Verfahren zum Applizieren einer Lackfolie auf dreidimensional gewölbte Flächen formstabiler Substrate |
JPH10119066A (ja) * | 1996-10-24 | 1998-05-12 | Shonan Design Kk | 真空注型成形機 |
JP3220849B2 (ja) * | 1997-04-30 | 2001-10-22 | 大日本印刷株式会社 | 曲面転写方法及びそれに用いる転写シート |
JPH1134248A (ja) * | 1997-07-17 | 1999-02-09 | Nissha Printing Co Ltd | 着色兼表面保護シートと表面強度を有する着色成形品の製造方法 |
DE19917965A1 (de) * | 1999-04-21 | 2000-10-26 | Daimler Chrysler Ag | Strahlungshärtbare Verbundschichtplatte oder -folie |
US20030041962A1 (en) * | 2001-09-05 | 2003-03-06 | John R. Johnson | Digitally printed products and process |
US6933006B2 (en) * | 2002-10-16 | 2005-08-23 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Process for the production of paint coating layers |
DE102004009437A1 (de) * | 2004-02-24 | 2005-09-15 | Basf Ag | Strahlungshärtbare Verbundschichtplatte oder -folie |
WO2006048108A1 (de) * | 2004-11-04 | 2006-05-11 | Basf Coatings Ag | Verfahren zur herstellung von formteilen, insbesondere zur anwendung im automobilbau, und hierfür geeignete, eine beschichtung aufweisende folien |
-
2007
- 2007-10-11 WO PCT/EP2007/060831 patent/WO2008043812A2/de active Application Filing
- 2007-10-11 BR BRPI0720190-7A2A patent/BRPI0720190A2/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2007-10-11 EP EP07821198A patent/EP2097258A2/de not_active Withdrawn
- 2007-10-11 US US12/445,079 patent/US20100021737A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2007-10-11 CN CNA2007800381162A patent/CN101522418A/zh active Pending
- 2007-10-11 KR KR1020097008517A patent/KR20090068269A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2007-10-11 JP JP2009531846A patent/JP2010505619A/ja active Pending
Cited By (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN104718798B (zh) * | 2012-10-15 | 2017-09-05 | 住友化学株式会社 | 电子器件的制造方法 |
CN104050949A (zh) * | 2013-03-14 | 2014-09-17 | 达达里奥有限公司 | 可辐射固化的鼓皮膜 |
CN104050949B (zh) * | 2013-03-14 | 2017-05-10 | 达达里奥有限公司 | 可辐射固化的鼓皮膜 |
CN105531334A (zh) * | 2013-06-27 | 2016-04-27 | 科思创德国股份公司 | 可金属化、抗刮并耐溶剂的薄膜 |
CN105531334B (zh) * | 2013-06-27 | 2018-03-02 | 科思创德国股份有限公司 | 可金属化、抗刮并耐溶剂的薄膜 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
KR20090068269A (ko) | 2009-06-25 |
WO2008043812A2 (de) | 2008-04-17 |
JP2010505619A (ja) | 2010-02-25 |
EP2097258A2 (de) | 2009-09-09 |
WO2008043812A3 (de) | 2008-07-17 |
BRPI0720190A2 (pt) | 2013-12-31 |
US20100021737A1 (en) | 2010-01-28 |
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