CN101422123B - Cured tobacco seedling-raiding vermiculite matrix and seedling raising method using the same - Google Patents
Cured tobacco seedling-raiding vermiculite matrix and seedling raising method using the same Download PDFInfo
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- CN101422123B CN101422123B CN200810233676XA CN200810233676A CN101422123B CN 101422123 B CN101422123 B CN 101422123B CN 200810233676X A CN200810233676X A CN 200810233676XA CN 200810233676 A CN200810233676 A CN 200810233676A CN 101422123 B CN101422123 B CN 101422123B
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- seedling
- vermiculite
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/20—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions in agriculture, e.g. CO2
- Y02P60/21—Dinitrogen oxide [N2O], e.g. using aquaponics, hydroponics or efficiency measures
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Abstract
The invention discloses a vermiculite substrate for culturing tobacco seedlings, which belongs to the technical field of tobacco seedling culturing and aims at solving the damage to the ecological environment caused by using grass peat in the existing seedling culturing substrate. The invention provides a tobacco seedling culturing vermiculite substrate which is mixed by vermiculite and perlite. The invention also provides a method for culturing tobacco seedlings. The method comprises the steps of: arranging the vermiculite substrate in a seedling culturing tray, seeding, adding water into a seedling culturing pool, adding nutrition liquid after the tobacco seedlings erupt completely, carrying out thinning, replanting, leaf cutting as well as seedling hardening during the growing period and finally carrying out transplanting. The substrate used for seedling culturing has the advantages of high rate of emergence, high planting percent and low cost; moreover, the grass peat is not used, thus reducing the damage to the ecological environment.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the tobacco seedling technical field, the matrix that particularly a kind of tobacco seedling is used, the preparation method of this matrix and the method for cultivating the flue-cured tobacco seedling with this matrix.
Background technology
Be a kind of seedling medium that mainly mixes with the approaching technology of the present invention in the existing levitating seed-cultivating interstitial substance by perlite, the peat composed of rotten mosses and vermiculite.In this matrix formulations, peat composed of rotten mosses composition is indispensable primary raw material, and general ratio in matrix formulations can account for about 30%-50%, and the peat composed of rotten mosses generally derives from wetland, reserves are limited, can damage the wetlands ecosystems balance the exhaustive exploitation of the peat composed of rotten mosses.Peat composed of rotten mosses economic worth is higher relatively, uses the peat composed of rotten mosses can increase the cost of growing seedlings greatly in seedling medium.
Summary of the invention
For solve use in the existing seedling medium that the peat composed of rotten mosses brought ecotope is damaged and cultivates the problem of cost up, the invention provides a kind of flue-cured tobacco seedling-cultivating vermiculite matrix, its embodiment is as follows:
A kind of flue-cured tobacco seedling-cultivating vermiculite matrix, this matrix is mixed by vermiculite, perlite, and wherein the vermiculite dry mass volume is 1: 0.8 to 1: 1.2 with the ratio of perlite dry mass volume.
As the priority scheme of such scheme, described vermiculite dry mass volume can be configured to 1: 1 with the ratio of perlite dry mass volume.
As the priority scheme of such scheme, described vermiculite density is at 150 to 180 kilograms/meter
3, particle size range is at 1 to 5 millimeter, and the perlite expansion multiple is greater than 10.
In the above-mentioned prescription, vermiculite plays the effect of water-absorbing-retaining after adding entry, the moisture that cigarette seedling abundance can be provided in seedling raising process is for its growth needs, expanded perlite has the effect of setting off of supporting to vermiculite, avoid vermiculite to run off along the seedling-cultivating tray bottom outlet, simultaneously micro-hole can make also that seedling medium is ventilative, good water permeability in the perlite, and imitate in the gap of seedling cultivation and rooting in the matrix, promotes that the effect of cigarette shoot root portion growth is obvious.
During use, the above-mentioned flue-cured tobacco seedling-cultivating vermiculite matrix for preparing is spilt wet with clear water, do and wetly will accompany evenly, moistening degree is agglomerating to hold, after the relieving gently moving can scattering be advisable.
Grow seedlings with flue-cured tobacco seedling-cultivating vermiculite matrix of the present invention, its emergence rate, spiral root rate, planting percent, strong sprout, rate can reach the nursery effect of existing levitating seed-cultivating interstitial substance, and since flue-cured tobacco seedling-cultivating vermiculite matrix prescription of the present invention grow seedlings and only adopt vermiculite, two kinds of components of perlite are made raw material, and these two kinds of component raw material sources are extensive, cheap, therefore adopt the peat composed of rotten mosses to compare with prior art as a kind of raw material in the prescription of growing seedlings, the present invention's vermiculite matrix of growing seedlings has not only been avoided destruction to ecotope, its nursery effect can reach the nursery effect of existing matrix formulations simultaneously, thereby has greatly reduced production cost.
The present invention also provides a kind of usefulness method that above-mentioned flue-cured tobacco seedling-cultivating vermiculite matrix is cultivated the cigarette seedling, may further comprise the steps:
(1), will be placed on by the seedling medium that vermiculite, perlite mix in the hole of seedling-cultivating tray, seedling-cultivating tray is placed in the nursery pond in the seedling growth greenhouse, wherein vermiculite is 1: 0.8 to 1: 1.2 with the ratio of perlitic dry mass volume;
(2), in seedling-cultivating tray, broadcast into cigarette seed;
(3), in nursery pond, add water, seedling-cultivating tray is soaked swims in the nursery pond;
(4), the cigarette seedling all sprout the back in nursery pond, add nutrient solution, later every certain interval of time adds nutrient solution in nursery pond;
(5), tobacco seedling growth carries out thinning, fills the gaps with seedlings in the phase, leaf-cutting, hardening, at last the cigarette seedling is transplanted;
As the priority scheme of such scheme, described vermiculite dry mass volume is 1: 1 with the ratio of perlite dry mass volume.
As the priority scheme of such scheme, described vermiculite density is at 150 to 180 kilograms/meter
3, particle size range is at 1 to 5 millimeter.
Embodiment
Embodiment one: a kind of flue-cured tobacco seedling-cultivating vermiculite matrix, and this matrix is mixed by vermiculite, perlite, and the perlite expansion multiple is greater than 10, and wherein the vermiculite dry mass volume is 1: 1 with the ratio of perlite dry mass volume, and vermiculite density is at 150 to 180 kilograms/meter
3, particle size range is at 1 to 5 millimeter.The vermiculite of selecting is must permeability good, good water absorption, have no side effect, uniform particles, pollution-free, contain few, the free from admixture of mud.Perlite is from the raw material of industry.
The method that the above-mentioned flue-cured tobacco seedling-cultivating vermiculite matrix of a kind of usefulness is cultivated the cigarette seedling, the steps include: the flue-cured tobacco seedling-cultivating vermiculite matrix is put into the foam seedling-cultivating tray, plant seed in dish, seedling-cultivating tray is put into the nursery pond of the booth of growing seedlings and grown seedlings, concrete grammar and requirement have:
(1), material and specification
Seedling-cultivating tray: length * wide * height is (66.5 * 34 * 6.5) centimetre, 162 hole foam seedling-cultivating trays.
Sealing canopy film is built in the nursery pond top, is provided with fly net in the canopy film, and the canopy film is coated with the sunshade net outward, wherein:
The pond film is a polyethylene film, thick 0.12 millimeter.
The canopy film is that the long-lived nothing of polyethylene is dripped a film, thickness (0.1 ± 0.02) millimeter.
Fly net is agricultural nylon wire, and the door and window of booth will install 40 order fly nets additional.
The shading rate of sunshade net 〉=80%.
Cigarette seed is the varieties of plant capsuled seed.
(2), water management
(1) water quality requirement: add the water in floating seedlings pond, require good, the free of contamination underground water of water quality, well water, reservoir water or river, pH value is (6.0-7.0) scope.Forbid to use Ba Tangshui, to prevent balck shank, root black rot etc.
(2) add water for the first time and after planting carrying out, will guarantee sufficient moisture from being seeded into to emerge, favourable emerging neatly.
(3), fertilizer management
(1) between nursery stage, nutrient solution adds with the side of plastic flexible pipe from nursery pond, nutrient solution is in nutrition liquid pool (moistening stage) or nursery pond (flotation stage) preparation, nutrient solution should shift to an earlier date 1 day water dissolves tobacco special fertilizer for seedling culture, this special fertilizer for seedling culture composition is nitric acid ammonia, phosphorus pentoxide and potassium sulphate, wherein nitric acid ammonia, phosphorus pentoxide and potassium sulphate are 18:9:18 by weight ratio, and the nutrient solution configuration concentration is pure N240mg/kg.Fully by plastic tube the nutrient input that configures is delivered to nursery pond behind the mixing, supply with the cigarette seedling.
(2) after the cigarette seedling all sprouts, just add nutrient solution for the first time, applied fertilizer later on every 20 days, keep 10 centimetres of the pond depth of waters with amount.
(4), temperature and humidity management
(1) temperature: temperature range (25～28) ℃.Temperature controlled principle is: promoted to emerge neatly based on the control temperature at preceding 15 days of the whole stage of growing seedlings, in 25 days based on the short root of regulating and controlling temperature, back 25 days based on the regulating and controlling temperature restraining the growth of seedlings.Concrete grammar is: will suitably shade afternoon after planting, guarantees to emerge;
(2) relative moisture: after planting to the seeding stage, relative moisture remains on about 85% in the canopy; The little cross phase, relative moisture remains on about 75% in the canopy; Relative moisture remains on (55～65) % in the grand cross after date canopy.
(5),, fill the gaps with seedlings
Tobacco seedling growth to three must in time carry out thinning during to four true leaves, fill the gaps with seedlings, and requires every cave one seedling, and heels in polishing and do not have the seedling cave.
(6), leaf-cutting
Leaf-cutting (3～4) is inferior.Leaf-cutting is for the first time grown to 6cm at the cigarette seedling and is carried out when high, after the leaf-cutting for the first time every (5～7) day leaf-cutting once.The principle of " preceding short, in steady, back control " is adhered in leaf-cutting.
(7), hardening
(7～10) day hardening before transplanting, booth is opened door and window, hut canopy film is all opened, and does not add water, does not add fertilizer, and the solid carbon dioxide layer that falls naturally maintenance vermiculite and root system are moistening.
Result of study:
1, use formulation media of the present invention to grow seedlings: its emergence rate, spiral root rate, planting percent, strong sprout, rate was respectively 94.7%, 2.6%, 93.8%, 93.6%.And the emergence rate of existing levitating seed-cultivating interstitial substance, spiral root rate, planting percent, strong sprout, rate was respectively 94.6%, 2.1%, 95.6%, 94.5%.Seedling stage 60d-70d.The all a little higher than existing floating seedlings level of the fresh and dried ratio of the overground part of this cigarette seedling and underground part.Well developed root system, the cigarette seedling is delicate and pretty anosis.Total radical in 70d seedling stage can reach 366, and wherein economical character such as stem girth, main root length, one-level lateral root number, effective blade number, maximum leaf length, maximum width of blade, overground part fresh weight, underground part fresh weight and conventional floating seedlings are not remarkable difference.
2, seedling cost: supporting 100 mu of lands for growing field crops, the cost of new formulation media is 520.58 yuan, supporting 100 mu of lands for growing field crops, existing levitating seed-cultivating interstitial substance cost is 1602.13 yuan.Every mu of needed raw material expense of this formulation media reduces 10.81 yuan/mu than conventional seedbed system needed raw material expense.
Two outstanding advantages of formulation media of the present invention:
1, remarkable in economical benefits: after using new formulation media, can greatly reduce seedling cost.
2, ecological benefits and social benefit are obvious: can effectively reduce the destruction to ecological environment. In the former levitating seed-cultivating interstitial substance prescription, the peat composed of rotten mosses is indispensable primary raw material, general ratio in matrix formulations can account for about 30%-50%, the peat composed of rotten mosses is as natural non-renewable resources, reserves are limited, and the peat composed of rotten mosses generally derives from wetland, will certainly cause irreversible destruction to the wetlands ecosystems balance to the exhaustive exploitation of the peat composed of rotten mosses. The present invention need not to use the peat composed of rotten mosses, is conducive to the protection of ecological environment.
Claims (2)
1. method of cultivating the cigarette seedling with the flue-cured tobacco seedling-cultivating vermiculite matrix is characterized in that: may further comprise the steps:
(1), will be placed on by the seedling medium that vermiculite, perlite mix in the hole of seedling-cultivating tray, seedling-cultivating tray is placed in the nursery pond in the seedling growth greenhouse, wherein vermiculite is 1: 1 with the ratio of perlitic dry mass volume, vermiculite density is at 150 kilograms/meter
2To 180 kilograms/meter
3, particle size range is at 1 millimeter to 5 millimeters.
(2), in seedling-cultivating tray matrix, broadcast into cigarette seed;
(3), in nursery pond, add water, seedling-cultivating tray is soaked swims in the nursery pond, the water ph value scope that adds in the nursery pond is 6.0 to 7.0, adds water for the first time and is after planting carrying out, and will guarantee sufficient moisture from being seeded into to emerge, it is neat to guarantee to emerge;
(4), in nursery pond, add nutrient solution after the cigarette seedling all sprouts, later every certain interval of time adds nutrient solution in nursery pond, the method of Ensure Liquid liquid is: water comes the dissolves tobacco special fertilizer for seedling culture, this special fertilizer for seedling culture component is nitric acid ammonia, phosphorus pentoxide and potassium sulphate, wherein nitric acid ammonia, phosphorus pentoxide and potassium sulphate are 18: 9: 18 by weight ratio, dissolving back nutrient solution configuration concentration is pure N240mg/kg, add by the side of plastic tube behind the nutrient solution mixing, supply with the cigarette seedling from nursery pond; After the cigarette seedling all sprouts, add nutrient solution for the first time, applied fertilizer later on amount every 20 days, keep 10 centimetres of the pond depth of waters;
(5), tobacco seedling growth carries out thinning, fills the gaps with seedlings in the phase, leaf-cutting, hardening, at last the cigarette seedling transplanted, temperature is in 25～28 ℃ of scopes in the tobacco seedling growth phase; After planting to the seeding stage, relative moisture remains on about 85% in the canopy; The little cross phase, relative moisture remains on about 75% in the canopy; Relative moisture remains on 55% to 65% in the grand cross after date canopy.
2. a kind of method of cultivating the cigarette seedling with the flue-cured tobacco seedling-cultivating vermiculite matrix according to claim 1 is characterized in that:
Seedling-cultivating tray in the described step (1) is a foam disc, and 162 holes are arranged, long 66.5 centimetres, wide 34 centimetres, high 6.5 centimetres of seedling-cultivating tray; Be equipped with the pond film in the described nursery pond, 0.12 millimeter of pond thickness; The canopy film is that the long-lived nothing of polyethylene is dripped a film, and thickness is 0.1 ± 0.02 millimeter; Be coated with the canopy film on the described seedling growth greenhouse, be provided with fly net in the canopy film, the canopy film is coated with the sunshade net outward, and fly net is agricultural nylon wire; The shading rate of sunshade net is removed the sunshade net after the cigarette seedling is emerged tri-leaf period greater than 80%; Seed is the varieties of plant capsuled seed;
Thinning in the described step (5), the method for filling the gaps with seedlings are: tobacco seedling growth to three must in time carry out thinning during to four true leaves, fill the gaps with seedlings, and requires every cave one seedling, and heels in polishing and do not have the seedling cave; Leaf shearing method is: leaf-cutting is 3 to 4 times in the tobacco seedling growth phase, and leaf-cutting is for the first time grown to 6cm at the cigarette seedling and carried out when high, after the leaf-cutting for the first time every leaf-cutting in 5 to 7 days once; Hardening off method is for transplanting preceding 7 to 10 days hardenings, and booth is opened door and window, hut canopy film is all opened, and does not add water, does not add fertilizer, and the solid carbon dioxide layer that falls naturally maintenance vermiculite and root system are moistening.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN200810233676XA CN101422123B (en) | 2008-11-28 | 2008-11-28 | Cured tobacco seedling-raiding vermiculite matrix and seedling raising method using the same |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN200810233676XA CN101422123B (en) | 2008-11-28 | 2008-11-28 | Cured tobacco seedling-raiding vermiculite matrix and seedling raising method using the same |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN101422123A CN101422123A (en) | 2009-05-06 |
| CN101422123B true CN101422123B (en) | 2011-05-25 |
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| CN200810233676XA Expired - Fee Related CN101422123B (en) | 2008-11-28 | 2008-11-28 | Cured tobacco seedling-raiding vermiculite matrix and seedling raising method using the same |
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Families Citing this family (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103262741B (en) * | 2013-05-29 | 2014-11-12 | 华南农业大学 | Method for prompting growth and development of tobacco floating seedlings |
| CN104429459B (en) * | 2014-10-31 | 2015-09-16 | 红塔烟草(集团)有限责任公司 | A kind of seedling-cultivating method of organic tobacco |
| CN104370631A (en) * | 2014-10-31 | 2015-02-25 | 红塔烟草(集团)有限责任公司 | Special seedling raising fertilizer for organic tobacco, and preparation method and application thereof |
| CN106416696A (en) * | 2016-09-22 | 2017-02-22 | 云南省烟草公司文山州公司 | Field flue-cured tobacco seedling supplementing method |
| CN106613853A (en) * | 2016-12-30 | 2017-05-10 | 中国烟草总公司广东省公司 | Tobacco float breeding medium and method |
| CN114766321A (en) * | 2022-03-29 | 2022-07-22 | 伍优 | Tobacco tray dry-bed seedling raising substrate and method |
Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1799308A (en) * | 2005-12-15 | 2006-07-12 | 楚雄州烟草科学研究所 | Sand cultivation technique for flue cured-tobacco seedling |
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Patent Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1799308A (en) * | 2005-12-15 | 2006-07-12 | 楚雄州烟草科学研究所 | Sand cultivation technique for flue cured-tobacco seedling |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| 时向东，刘国顺，陈江华，刘建利，李朝霞，张骁勇.烟草漂浮育苗系统中培养基质对烟苗生长发育影响的研究.《中国烟草学报》.2001,第7卷(第1期),第18页-第22页. * |
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