CN101418477A - 含有咖啡渣的纱线及其制备方法 - Google Patents

含有咖啡渣的纱线及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN101418477A
CN101418477A CNA2008100084247A CN200810008424A CN101418477A CN 101418477 A CN101418477 A CN 101418477A CN A2008100084247 A CNA2008100084247 A CN A2008100084247A CN 200810008424 A CN200810008424 A CN 200810008424A CN 101418477 A CN101418477 A CN 101418477A
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yarn
coffee grounds
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contain
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CN101418477B (zh
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叶逸彦
严建国
洪硕廷
陈国钦
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Singtex Industrial Co., Ltd.
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    • D02—YARNS; MECHANICAL FINISHING OF YARNS OR ROPES; WARPING OR BEAMING
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Abstract

本发明提供了一种含有咖啡渣的纱线的制备方法，包括(a)提供一种含有咖啡渣的原材料；(b)将此原材料和高分子聚合物颗粒混合以制备母粒；和(c)从所述母粒中制备纱线。本发明还提供含有咖啡渣的纱线，包括纱线和含有咖啡渣的材料。本发明进一步提供含有本发明的纱线的织物。

Description

含有咖啡渣的纱线及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种含有咖啡渣的纱线的制备方法，以及一种含有咖啡渣的新纱线。
背景技术
近年来一种能够随着皮肤温度变化进行热量调节的功能性纺织品的设计和研制吸引了人们越来越多的注意。在此领域进行的大量尝试不亚于在电子、太阳能装置以及建筑等方面所做的研究。然而，成功应用的很少且这些应用仍在研究中。
众所周知，各种材料例如织物、服装和其它服饰可以通过处理来增强与所述材料有关的性能特性。这些性能特性包括，例如，除臭、湿度控制、防紫外线，和/或防止外界因素的影响。
某些原材料在没有经过化学制剂或添加剂处理就具有其原来的的某种性能特性。例如，用未经处理的材料例如莱卡制成的衣服具有弹性特性。然而，例如莱卡这样的材料，其可能不具有其它例如除臭或防紫外线的特性。此外，用未经处理的材料制成的服装受限于与该未处理材料有关的物理性质(例如织纹、触感、耐用性等)。而且，这些材料的性能特性通常是有限的，且不能充分地增强所述材料的性能。
然而，应用化学试剂后，化学试剂常常挥发，且必须在整个织物的制造过程中连续不断地重新施加化学试剂，来赋予所需的特性。例如，当处理过的织物被洗涤或暴露在外界自然环境时，化学试剂可能会挥发。
因此，人们想要制造一种高性能织物，其具有期望的例如织纹和耐用性的物理性质、提供更好的性能特性，且在重复使用后仍能保持这些性能特性。这样的高性能织物可以通过在使用纱线或纤维之前处理所述纱线或纤维以产生所需材料而制得。
已经尝试过在生产织物前，将固体颗粒(例如活性炭)附着在纱在线。活性炭是一种具有不同形状和大小的颗粒状物质，其形状和大小取决于用于制造活性炭的方法。在活性炭表面也覆盖有形状、大小各异的孔洞，其大小和形状取决于它如何被制成。这些孔洞使活性炭具有例如除臭的特性。
一种方法是将活性炭层夹在两层织物中间。然而应用这种技术得到的具有除臭功能的织物很重，穿起来比较麻烦。另一种已经尝试的方法是将活性炭掺进包覆所述纱线的覆盖层。然而这种方法改变了纱线的物理性质。
人类活动给环境产生了许多令人不愉快的气味。这些气体的性质由于气体颗粒的物理状态和化学性质或形成原因(生物分解作用、化学制剂、吸烟等)不同而有很大区别。此外，这些令人不愉快的气味也产生于我们每天生活的空间和环境，例如浴室、厨房、垃圾、充满烟雾的封闭环境(酒吧)等等。因此，人们开发出许多方法来阻止这种令人不愉快的气味。
发明内容
长久以来咖啡渣被看作咖啡饮品制成之后的垃圾，然而本发明通过将咖啡渣用于制备纱线中而提供一种再循环利用咖啡渣的环保方法。
本发明涉及一种含有咖啡渣的纱线的制备方法，包括(a)提供一种含有咖啡渣的原材料；(b)将此原材料和高分子聚合物颗粒混合以制备母粒；(c)从所述母粒中制备纱线。本发明所用材料可以是焙烧过的咖啡渣、微胶囊化的焙烧过的咖啡渣、微胶囊化的咖啡精油或微胶囊化的从咖啡渣中提取的具有香味的有机化合物。在优选实施方式中，咖啡渣是磨碎的咖啡豆或咖啡渣滓。上述提到的材料中还包含有碳化颗粒，这种颗粒由碳化的咖啡渣颗粒、碳化的椰子颗粒或碳化的竹子颗粒制得。此外，碳化的咖啡颗粒的制备过程需要经过筛渣，从筛选的混合物中除去有机成分，之后从不含有机成分的混合物中得到碳化的颗粒。本发明所用的高分子聚合物颗粒选自聚丙烯、尼龙和聚酯。
本发明还提供纱线，其包括纱线和含有咖啡渣的材料。在优选的实施方式中，所述咖啡渣具有咖啡香气。所述材料中还含有碳化颗粒。此外，这种纱线可用来制作衣服。
本发明还公开了一种具有咖啡香气的纱线，其包括由上述方法制成的纱线和具有咖啡香气的咖啡渣材料。该材料中还含有碳化颗粒。此外，该种纱线可用来制作衣服。
本发明进一步提供包含一种上述纱线的织物。该织物是非织造织物、机织织物或针织物。
附图说明
图1是放大1000倍的含有咖啡渣的纱线的扫描电子显微图片，其中10表示含有咖啡渣的纱线，20表示一条纱线，30表示咖啡渣。
图2是放大2500倍的含有咖啡渣的纱线的扫描电子显微图片，其中10表示含有咖啡渣的纱线，20表示一条纱线，30表示咖啡渣。
图3是放大5000倍的含有咖啡渣的纱线的扫描电子显微图片。
具体实施方式
实施例1：制备含有咖啡渣和碳化咖啡颗粒的材料
1、制备含有咖啡渣的材料
术语“含有咖啡渣的材料”包括但不限于焙烧过的咖啡渣、微胶囊化的咖啡渣、微胶囊化的咖啡精油或微胶囊化的从咖啡渣中提取的具有香气的有机化合物。咖啡渣可以是咖啡店里磨碎的咖啡豆或咖啡渣滓。随后，咖啡渣被焙烧。咖啡精油可以从咖啡豆中提取。将焙烧过的咖啡渣或咖啡精油装入微胶囊。
2、筛选咖啡渣或原料
咖啡豆废料经干净的自来水漂洗之后干燥磨碎成尺寸在20-100μm之间的颗粒，将磨碎的咖啡豆直接过筛。作为选择，也可以将咖啡渣滓干燥并磨碎。随后，筛选磨碎的混合物。所产生的混合物可被筛选成在80-100μm之间的不同大小的精细颗粒。
3、除去过筛后混合物中的有机成分
过筛后的混合物经有机溶剂提取除去其中的有机成分。脂肪类成分在索氏提取器中用乙醚提取除去，提取温度控制在60℃以下。在之后所有操作中通过通入惰性气体来尽可能避免与空气接触，并且所有溶剂在使用前需要蒸馏。脂质类成分用丙酮进行处理，溶解在丙酮中的脂溶性成分在过量的含有5％乙醇的氢氧化钾溶液中回流发生皂化反应，从而除去磷脂。皂化反应后的溶液用0.1N盐酸酸化后用醚类提取脂肪酸。除去脂肪酸后，含有水溶性成分的水溶液在减压条件下浓缩干燥后用无水乙醇提取除去甘油。
4、制备碳化颗粒
从第二步得到的混合物经现有碳化方法进行碳化。例如，咖啡混合物在固定床反应器中缺氧条件下加热发生热解反应，并最终转化成我们希望的产物。热解反应包括碳化作用、气化作用和活性炭加工过程，热解产物是活性炭。咖啡原料的碳化作用通常在氯化锌、氯化镁、氯化钙或磷酸等化学试剂的参与下完成。碳化材料在800-1000℃的熔炉中通入惰性气体的条件下进行处理，在此条件下可除去几乎所有吸附的烃类化合物，从而可以增加表面积。
在将碳化材料活化之前，先用酸洗或碱洗使其带有电荷，酸碱的选用取决于碳化反应中除去其它成分时所选用的化学试剂。活化过程可以采用许多方法，但最常用的方法是通入氧化性气体，如空气、蒸汽或二氧化碳气体处理碳化材料。这种技术被普遍用在咖啡混合物的活化以及之后的碳化过程。炭材在800-1100℃的蒸汽中进行反应被活化，同时控制流化床反应器中的大气压使热量分配均匀，从而增加气固两相的接触面。蒸汽和炭材之间的反应发生在内表面，从而可以为释放的H2、CO2、CO气体提供更多的吸收位点。
最初，碳化材料与蒸汽发生如下气化反应，该反应又被称为水煤气反应：
C+H2O→CO+H2-175,440kJ/(kg mol)
以上反应是一个吸热反应，反应产物CO和H2可以进行二次燃烧，反应放出的热量用来维持整个反应的温度，反应如下：
2CO+O2→2CO2+393,790kJ/(kg mol)
2H2+O2→2H2O+396,650kJ/(kg mol).
5、制备母粒
75％的碳化颗粒和25％的具有咖啡香气的材料混合磨碎成小于1μm的细颗粒，磨碎后的颗粒和高分子聚合物颗粒(聚丙烯、尼龙或聚酯)以重量比为1：60的比例混合制备母粒。也可以用75％的碳化颗粒和25％的具有咖啡香气的材料直接与高分子聚合物颗粒(聚丙烯、尼龙或聚酯)混合制备母粒。
6、抽纱
母粒制成工业上可接受的浓度，并且以同样的方式在每批母粒中加入聚合浆料，包括染色母粒等，以使纤维着色。在《理解纺织品》(第六版，Billie J.Collier等着，Prentice Hall印刷)中所提到的，母粒之所以如此设计是为了使纤维可以在正常的生产过程中进行挤压。如果需要，纤维可以切成短纤或制成长纤进一步进行卷曲工艺加工或按卷曲工艺制成细丝。这样得到的纤维可以用于纺纱工艺的混纺阶段，也可直接做成机织织物和针织织物，而无需改变任何生产方法。

Claims (18)

1、一种含有咖啡渣的纱线的制备方法，包括
(a)提供一种含有咖啡渣的原材料；
(b)将此原材料和高分子聚合物颗粒混合以制备母粒；和
(c)从所述母粒中抽纱。
2、如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于：所述材料可以是焙烧过的咖啡渣，或微胶囊化的咖啡渣，或微胶囊化的咖啡精油，或微胶囊化的从咖啡渣中提取的具有香味的有机化合物。
3、如权利要求2所述的方法，其特征在于：所述咖啡渣可以是磨碎的咖啡豆或咖啡渣滓。
4、如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于：所述材料中还含有碳化颗粒。
5、如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于：所述颗粒可以由碳化的咖啡渣颗粒，或碳化的椰子颗粒，或碳化的竹子颗粒制得。
6、如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于：所述聚合物颗粒可以是聚丙烯，或尼龙，或聚酯。
7、如权利要求5所述的方法，其特征在于：所述碳化的咖啡渣颗粒的制备过程包括将咖啡渣过筛；从筛选的混合物中除去有机成分；和从不含有机成分的混合物中制得碳化颗粒。
8、一种纱线，包括纱线和含有咖啡渣的材料。
9、如权利要求8所述的纱线，其特征在于：所述咖啡渣具有咖啡香气。
10、如权利要求8所述的纱线，其特征在于：所述材料中还含有碳化颗粒。
11、如权利要求8所述的纱线，其特征在于：所述纱线由权利要求1所述的方法制成。
12、一种织物，包含权利要求8中所述的一种纱线。
13、如权利要求12所述的织物，其特征在于：所述咖啡渣具有咖啡香气。
14、如权利要求12所述的织物，其特征在于：所述材料中还含有碳化颗粒。
15、如权利要求12所述的织物，其特征在于：所述织物可以是非织造织物，或机织织物，或针织物。
16、一种衣服，包含权利要求8中所述的一种纱线。
17、如权利要求16所述的衣服，其特征在于：所述咖啡渣具有咖啡香气。
18、如权利要求16所述的衣服，其特征在于：所述材料中还含有碳化颗粒。
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