CN101379926A - Control method of weed in tea garden - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for controlling weeds in a tea garden, which comprises the following steps: first, plowing is carried out on the ground between tea plant rows in winter to remove root systems of the weeds such as nutgrass flatsedge, alligator alternanthera, greenbrier, chinaroot greenbrier, cogongrass, smartweed, lygodium and the like; a high-quality organic fertilizer is applied in spring: a certain amount of rape seed cake fertilizer is broadcast; the ground is covered with rice straws in spring: after the rape seed cake fertilizer is broadcast, all tea plant rows in the garden are immediately evenly covered with a certain amount of the rice straws; the high-quality organic fertilizer is applied in summer: a proper amount of the rape seed cake fertilizer is broadcast at a certain time; and the ground is covered with the rice straws in summer: after the rape seed cake fertilizer is broadcast, all tea plant rows are immediately evenly covered with a certain amount of the rice straws. The method enriches biodiversity of the tea garden, improves the ecological condition of the tea garden, increases tea yield, improves the quality of tea leaves; in addition, the method has the advantage of simple operation, is easy to be accepted by tea growers and has great popularization and application prospect.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the tree plant cultivation field, more specifically relate to a kind of control method of weed in tea garden, be particularly useful for tea district, hills, subtropics.
Background technology
Weeds can change the structure of the tea place ecosystem effectively as the composition of Plant Diversity in the ecosystem of tea place, directly influence the configuration of tea place bio-diversity and quantity.Weeds and tea tree strive water, strive fertilizer, strive the space, strive sunlight simultaneously, or insect and pathogeny microbial growth protection place, have a strong impact on the yield and quality of tealeaves, and Tea Production is constituted bigger causing harm.The weed in tea garden kind is many, and growing way is prosperous, and control is difficult, has a strong impact on the normal growth of tea tree.
The weed in tea garden kind is many, life in existing 1～2 year and perennial early spring weeds, spring and summer type and autumn, winter weeds of the same type are arranged again, add up according to the tea place field investigation, kind surplus the Hunan weed in tea garden existing 520, most of area has 126 kinds of weeds 42 sections with the most species in composite family and the grass family as tea place, area, Loudi (1 city, 3 counties), and there are 141 kinds of weeds 40 sections in tea place, Xiangtan City (3 cities, 1 county).There are 128 kinds of weeds 43 sections in the Hunan Xiangfeng Tea Industry Co., Ltd tea place of hundred li tea corridors, Changsha, and wherein monocotyledon weed has 21 kinds of grass family, 2 kinds of Commelina communis, 3 kinds of sedge familys; Broadleaf weed has 19 kinds of composite families, 9 kinds of Labiatae, 8 kinds of polygonaceaes, Umbelliferae, Euphorbiaceae, pulse family, with each 4 kinds of the rose families, Scrophulariaceae, Solanaceae, Liliaceae, Rubiaceae, Amaranthaceae, Oxalidaceae, Umbelliferae, Caryophyllaceae and Scrophulariaceae, Primulaceae, Lythraceae, Cruciferae, Caryophyllaceae, Convolvulaceae, each 3 kinds of Verenaceaes, Liliaceae, Rubiaceae, Chenopodiaceae respectively, each 2 kinds of Oxalidaceaes, Plantaginaceae, Primulaceae, Portulacaceae, Violaceae, Aizoaceae, Papaveraceae, Boraginaceae, Urticaceae, Cannabaceae, Guttiferae, Phytolaccaceae, Campanulaceae, Vitaceae, Caprifoliaceae, Sterculiaceae, each a kind of Myrsinacea; Pteridophyte has respectively a kind of Pteridiaceae and Pteridaceae.
The weed in tea garden route of entry is wide, when the garden is built in new tea place, residue in the weed seed and perennial weed perennial root last year in the soil, becomes the main source that weed in tea garden takes place; Some weed seed or plant can be brought the tea place into the seedling allocation and transportation; Roadside, limes marginis weeds plant seed rack and deliver in the tea place around the tea place; The weed seed of drift in pond, irrigation canals and ditches or the cistern of tea place water is by spraying water or pouring water and bring the tea place into; Use people's animal manure of not becoming thoroughly decomposed and macerate the turf of system, in the organic matters such as straw, fruit, compost, often be mixed with weed seed alive, be grown to serve as weed in tea garden without high temperature; Activities such as the mankind and birds are brought weed seed into tea place.As the achene of Siberian cocklebur, bur beggar-ticks, cut the shell band viscosity burr of the seed of clothing, easily stick on people's the clothes or go on one's body the animal in garden, enter the tea place.When also having birds to peck at the fruit of China tree, camphor tree, grape, often take fruit and go into the garden, bring seed into tea place, be grown to serve as weed in tea garden.Weed encroachment phase length all has weed in tea garden to cause harm from the spring and summer to autumn and winter, and wherein perennial weed is almost caused harm the whole year.1～2 year living weeds and multiple weeds have 2～4 peaks of causing harm in year, focus mostly in 3～April for 5～June.After entering dry season, based on kitchen garden, acalypha copperleaf (Hai Pan contains pearl), carpet weed, wolf's milk, the Amaranthus retroflexus of drought resistance, quantity takes place not as good as preceding two peaks in it in July.If 7～August is not rainy non-irrigated, then multiple lady's-grass, green foxtail can be taken place, thereby 7～August, 9～October easily form the 3rd, the 4th peak of causing harm.Mainly be the emergence period of getting over year living weeds such as wild pool wormwood artemisia, bitter fleabane, affine cudweed, chickweed, Stellaria alsine Grim., shepherd's purse, smelly mustard, annual bluegrass, amur foxtail and perennial weed wild Radix Artemisia ordosicae 11～December.Since weather cold, poor growth is little to the tea tree influence.Weeds adaptability is strong, in the weed in tea garden population as Bermuda grass, cogongrass, revolution grass, wild Radix Artemisia ordosicae, chicken sky rattan, native Fu Cen, pull out chinaroot greenbrier, Phytolacca acinosa, smalt, order hair Auricled Hedyotis Herb, dayflower, bur beggar-ticks, green foxtail, eleusine indica, lady's-grass, barnyard grass, non-irrigated lotus, a wild pool wormwood artemisia, shoulder that plate is returned, polygonum flaccidum, garden sorrel etc., adaptability is strong, doing wet the grade under the different ecological condition, all can grow, be to be difficult to the weeds that tackle in the tea place.
Artificial weeding consumption in tea place is artificial many, and continuing the no crop smothering time, short (only 10～20d), it is low to control the weeds benefit.Several steriland herbicides such as sweet peaceful, the Gramoxone of tea place chemical weed control grass commonly used, tea tree has than high drug-resistance these weed killer herbicides, if spray technique is unreasonable, causes poisoning easily, even makes that newly to plant tea shoot dead because of poisoning; Weed killer herbicide pollutes tealeaves in the use in tea place, causes the tealeaves persticide residue to exceed standard; Herbicide residue composition in the soil also can destroy the structure of community of microorganism and soil insect and other small animal in the soil, destroys the normal configuration of tea garden soil rhizosphere bio-diversity.Research is not used chemical herbicide, is not needed in a large number manually yet, can effectively control weeds again, and the weeds Ecological Control technology that does not influence the tea tree normal growth has crucial meaning to tealeaves high-quality and safety High-efficient Production.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to be to provide a kind of control method of weed in tea garden, this method of weed control is easy, and is easy to operate, and cost is low, do not have agricultural chemicals (weed killer herbicide) residual.This method of weed control also can be protected the tea place bio-diversity; creation helps the ecotope that tea plant pest natural enemy, soil animal and edaphon existence are bred, and is specially adapted to tea place, hills, subtropics and carries out high-quality well-known tea productions such as organic tea, ecological tea and pollution-free tea.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts following technical measures:
A, intertillage in winter (preceding year): December 10～25 turned between the tea tree of the left and right sides, and ploughing depth 17-22cm removes weeds root systems such as the rhizome of nutgrass flatsedge, alternanthera philoxeroides, smilax, scabrousstem greenbrier rhizome, cogongrass, polygonum perfoliatum, Hai Jinsha when turning over.
Use the high-quality fertilizer in B, spring: spread fertilizer over the fields rapeseed cake fertilizer during 5～March 10 March, the rapeseed cake fertilizer usage amount is 90--110kg/667m
2
C, tea place cover spring: the same day after spreading fertilizer over the fields rapeseed cake fertilizer or second day are carried out straw covering in spring in the ranks tea tree, and the straw overlay capacity is 500～700kg/667m
2, straw arbitrarily (does not need neat) but evenly dispenser tea tree in the ranks.
Use the high-quality fertilizer in D, summer: during 20～July 26 July, tea tree is in the ranks ploughed shallowly, ploughing depth 7-10cm, remove green foxtail, lady's-grass, polygonum flaccidum and eleusine indica etc. weeds, spread fertilizer over the fields rapeseed cake fertilizer, rapeseed cake fertilizer usage amount 140-160kg/667m
2
E, tea place cover summer: also be that the same day or second day tea tree after spreading fertilizer over the fields rapeseed cake fertilizer is carried out the summer straw in the ranks and covers, the straw overlay capacity is 950-1050kg/667m
2, straw arbitrarily (does not need neat) but evenly dispenser tea tree in the ranks.
Described fertilizer is: rapeseed cake fertilizer
Spread fertilizer over the fields in rapeseed cake fertilizer 7～15 days after fertilising on the tea garden soil surface, absorb moisture and fermentation in the soil, can produce 50～55 ℃ high temperature, the straw that covers soil surface can better keep this high temperature, the high temperature that the weed seed just sprouted of part and weeds seedling produce because of the fermentation of incompatibility rapeseed cake fertilizer lose activity (death).
Cover the fluctuation that the straw on tea garden soil surface can slow down soil temperature, stop the weed seed of soil surface to obtain illumination, weed seed has consumed too much storage carbohydrate when overcoming the mechanical resistance that covers the ground straw, effectively suppress grass seeds and germinate, hinder photosynthesis, the control weed growth of weeds.The straw that covers sustainable 120～150 days to the control effect of weeds is decomposed rotten until straw by edaphon.
The present invention compared with prior art has the following advantages and effect:
1. there is not agricultural chemicals (weed killer herbicide) residual.This weed in tea garden control technology does not need to use any chemical herbicide, does not cause the tealeaves persticide residue to exceed standard; The structure of community that also can not destroy microorganism, soil insect and other small animal in the soil in the tea garden soil because of the herbicide residue composition, destroy the normal configuration of tea garden soil rhizosphere bio-diversity, do not influence the tea tree normal growth, tealeaves high-quality and safety High-efficient Production is had crucial meaning.
2. cost low, simple to operate, do not need a large amount of artificial, the control grass is effective.
Control grass effective (table 1), weeds quantity, average plant height and biomass had only respectively and ploughed 21.2%, 78.7% and 27.6% of tea place clearly spring, weeds quantity, average plant height and biomass had only respectively and ploughed 43%, 42.3% and 19% of tea place clearly summer, and weeds quantity, average plant height and biomass had only respectively and ploughed 25.1%, 64.7% and 18.1% of tea place clearly autumn; In summer and autumn the tea place malignant weed is controlled better effects if especially.
Table 1 straw covers the control effect to weed in tea garden
3. improved the tea place temperature.Straw covers the tea place natural surface, avoid strong sunlight direct irradiation soil surface summer and autumn, the daily mean temperature of the face of land, 5,10,15,20cm soil layer and tea place temperature has reduced by 1.9 ℃, 2.2 ℃, 1.5 ℃, 1.3 ℃, 1.1 ℃ and 0.6 ℃ respectively, the number of times that harmful high temperature of tea garden soil 〉=28 ℃ occurs has reduced 60～70%, the number of times of 〉=30 ℃ of harmful high temperature appearance has reduced 70～80%, make tea root avoid causing harm of harmful high temperature, help the growth of tea root and moisture, nutrient absorbing.
4. improved the tea garden soil moisture condition.6-9 month high temperature and drought tea place in season humidity improves 70～90% (the tea place humidity of hills area 10:00～16:00 generally is between 40～60%), and 0～20cm soil layer soil moisture content remains on about 70% of field capacity for a long time.
5. improved the tea garden soil fertility.Because full garden, tea place is carried out straw continuously and is covered and execute the high-quality fertilizer, improve the tea garden soil fertility, particularly increase the soil organic matter, improved soil physical property, improved the validity of soil nutrient.Behind the continuous 4 years mulching straws in tea place, the soil organic matter brings up to 1.49% by original 1.02%, and increasing degree is 46.1%.Bulk density of soil reduction by 11.8%, porosity improves 20.0%, has increased by 39.6%, 27.9% respectively as effective K and effective P content in the soil.
6. protect the tea place natural enemy insect.Because at tea tree mulching straw in the ranks, create the reasonable place of perching, breed to natural enemy, the species quantity in tea place Duos 77.6% than single tea place, predator individual amounts such as spider Duo 118.8% than single tea place, and primary pest individual amounts such as false eye leafhopper, tea aphid, tea geometrid, tea bagworm have only ploughs 45.4% of tea place clearly.
7. tea yield and quality have been improved.Complex ecological tea place and pure tea place relatively bud-leaf number and the output of spring tea do not have significant difference, and summer, autumn, dried tea output reached 1900～2010kg/hm
2, higher by 27%～34% than pure tea place.Shading of arbor arranged, the tea place is based on diffused light, the content of amino acid, chlorophyll, caffeine and water extraction all is higher than pure tea place in various degree in the tealeaves, particularly the amino acid content of summer, autumn tea is distinguished pure tea place high 37.3% and 35.7%, and chlorophyll content is respectively than pure tea place high 31.7% and 29.1%.It is emerald green that tealeaves shows as the profile color and luster, and the soup look emerald green is bright, and fragrance Li Xiang is lasting, and yellowish green fresh and alive at the bottom of the leaf, whole sensory evaluation is better than pure tea place, and its kind has met or exceeded the ad eundem quality of tea leaves level of high mountain tea place same time production.
In a word; this weed in tea garden control method and ground cover, the organic fertilizer combination; do not use chemical herbicide; protect the main natural enemy in tea place (spider) again; improve tea garden soil temperature and water regime, increased tea yield, and simple to operate; accepted by the tea grower easily, fabulous popularizing application prospect is arranged.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1:
A kind of control method of weed in tea garden, it comprises the following steps:
1. intertillage in winter: (preceding year) December 10～25, left and right sides tea tree was in the ranks turned over, ploughing depth 17 or 18 or 19 or 20 or 21 or 22cm is removed weeds root systems such as the rhizome of nutgrass flatsedge, alternanthera philoxeroides, smilax, scabrousstem greenbrier rhizome, cogongrass, polygonum perfoliatum, Hai Jinsha when turning over.
2. use the high-quality fertilizer spring: spread fertilizer over the fields rapeseed cake fertilizer during 5～March 10 March, the rapeseed cake fertilizer usage amount is 90 or 95 or 100 or 105 or 110kg/667m
2
3. cover in tea place spring: the same day after spreading fertilizer over the fields rapeseed cake fertilizer or second day carry out the spring straw in the ranks tea tree and cover, and the straw overlay capacity is 500 or 530 or 560 or 590 or 620 or 650 or 680 or 700kg/667m
2, straw arbitrarily (does not need neat) but evenly dispenser tea tree in the ranks.
4. use the high-quality fertilizer summer: during 20～July 26 July, tea tree is ploughed shallowly in the ranks, ploughing depth 7 or 8 or 9 or 10cm, remove green foxtail, lady's-grass, polygonum flaccidum and eleusine indica etc. weeds, spread fertilizer over the fields rapeseed cake fertilizer, rapeseed cake fertilizer usage amount 150kg/667m
2
5. cover in tea place summer: also be that the same day or second day tea tree after spreading fertilizer over the fields rapeseed cake fertilizer is carried out the summer straw in the ranks and covers, the straw overlay capacity is 950 or 970 or 990 or 1000 or 1020 or 1050kg/667m
2, straw arbitrarily (does not need neat) but evenly dispenser tea tree in the ranks.
Claims (1)
1, a kind of control method of weed in tea garden, it comprises the following steps:
A, intertillage in winter: December 10～25 turned between tea tree, and ploughing depth 17-22cm removes the rhizome of nutgrass flatsedge, alternanthera philoxeroides, smilax, scabrousstem greenbrier rhizome, cogongrass, polygonum perfoliatum, Hai Jinsha weeds root system when turning over;
Use the high-quality fertilizer in B, spring: spread fertilizer over the fields rapeseed cake fertilizer during 5～March 10 March, the rapeseed cake fertilizer usage amount is 90--110kg/667m
2
C, tea place cover spring: the same day after spreading fertilizer over the fields rapeseed cake fertilizer or second day are carried out straw covering in spring in the ranks tea tree, and the straw overlay capacity is 500～700kg/667m
2
Use the high-quality fertilizer in D, summer: during 20～July 26 July, tea tree is in the ranks ploughed shallowly, ploughing depth 7-10cm, the weeds of removing green foxtail, lady's-grass, polygonum flaccidum and eleusine indica are spread fertilizer over the fields rapeseed cake fertilizer, rapeseed cake fertilizer usage amount 140-160kg/667m
2
E, tea place cover summer: the same day after spreading fertilizer over the fields rapeseed cake fertilizer or second day, tea tree was carried out straw covering in summer in the ranks, and the straw overlay capacity is 950-1050kg/667m
2
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Cited By (18)
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| CN102124888A (en) * | 2010-12-10 | 2011-07-20 | 福建省农业科学院土壤肥料研究所 | Method for controlling weeds in tea plantation |
| CN102870588A (en) * | 2012-10-29 | 2013-01-16 | 贵州远程制药有限责任公司 | Perfoliote knotweed herb and maize interplanting method |
| CN102919026A (en) * | 2012-11-12 | 2013-02-13 | 中国科学院亚热带农业生态研究所 | Tea garden greenhouse gas nitrous oxide emission reduction method |
| CN103229760A (en) * | 2013-04-15 | 2013-08-07 | 内蒙古农业大学 | Comprehensive weeding method of oat field |
| CN103283458A (en) * | 2013-05-31 | 2013-09-11 | 句容市赵庄林苗场 | Cultivation method of pollution-free tea |
| CN103385049A (en) * | 2013-08-14 | 2013-11-13 | 崔广荣 | Method for eliminating field alternanthera philoxeroides weeds by mechanical farming method |
| CN103947423A (en) * | 2014-04-26 | 2014-07-30 | 贵州黔仁茶生态农业旅游开发有限公司 | White tea planting method |
| CN104094755A (en) * | 2014-07-07 | 2014-10-15 | 安徽农业大学 | Ecological method for replacing and controlling alternanthera philoxeroides griseb |
| CN104885826A (en) * | 2015-06-11 | 2015-09-09 | 傅杨 | Method for replacing medical fertilizers by transplanting wormwood from rice field to cover and control weeds |
| CN104996257A (en) * | 2015-07-08 | 2015-10-28 | 吴齐仟 | Low yield tea plantation transformation method |
| CN105009767A (en) * | 2015-07-03 | 2015-11-04 | 安徽省农业科学院茶叶研究所 | Tea garden fertilizer sprinkling method |
| CN105145209A (en) * | 2015-08-13 | 2015-12-16 | 韦明玕 | Organic tea garden weed biological prevention method |
| CN105210631A (en) * | 2015-10-15 | 2016-01-06 | 遵义师范学院 | The biological anti-careless method of newly-built tea place discrete method |
| CN105660258A (en) * | 2016-01-26 | 2016-06-15 | 赵兰 | Comprehensive weed control method for pollution-free tea |
| CN107637447A (en) * | 2017-11-16 | 2018-01-30 | 湖北金日生态能源股份有限公司 | A kind of weed eradication weeding and infertile field method with sesame crops company commander's technology |
| CN109089708A (en) * | 2018-08-28 | 2018-12-28 | 英德创美农业发展有限公司 | It is a kind of prevent and treat weed in tea garden method and ground harvest prevention and treatment weed in tea garden in purposes |
| CN109220445A (en) * | 2018-08-01 | 2019-01-18 | 兴义市农丰农业发展有限公司 | One grows tea the Ecological Tea Gardens breeding method of rabbit mixed breeding |
| CN112913560A (en) * | 2021-02-04 | 2021-06-08 | 湖州市农业科技发展中心(湖州市农业科学研究院) | Construction method of ecological tea garden |
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| CN1255019C (en) * | 2004-03-18 | 2006-05-10 | 重庆市茶叶研究所 | Planting mode for tea garden |
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| CN102124888A (en) * | 2010-12-10 | 2011-07-20 | 福建省农业科学院土壤肥料研究所 | Method for controlling weeds in tea plantation |
| CN102124888B (en) * | 2010-12-10 | 2012-09-05 | 福建省农业科学院土壤肥料研究所 | Method for controlling weeds in tea plantation |
| CN102870588A (en) * | 2012-10-29 | 2013-01-16 | 贵州远程制药有限责任公司 | Perfoliote knotweed herb and maize interplanting method |
| CN102919026A (en) * | 2012-11-12 | 2013-02-13 | 中国科学院亚热带农业生态研究所 | Tea garden greenhouse gas nitrous oxide emission reduction method |
| CN103229760A (en) * | 2013-04-15 | 2013-08-07 | 内蒙古农业大学 | Comprehensive weeding method of oat field |
| CN103283458B (en) * | 2013-05-31 | 2015-03-11 | 句容市赵庄林苗场 | Cultivation method of pollution-free tea |
| CN103283458A (en) * | 2013-05-31 | 2013-09-11 | 句容市赵庄林苗场 | Cultivation method of pollution-free tea |
| CN103385049A (en) * | 2013-08-14 | 2013-11-13 | 崔广荣 | Method for eliminating field alternanthera philoxeroides weeds by mechanical farming method |
| CN103385049B (en) * | 2013-08-14 | 2016-01-20 | 安徽科技学院 | A kind of mechanical cultivation method is gone out except the method for field water peanut weeds |
| CN103947423A (en) * | 2014-04-26 | 2014-07-30 | 贵州黔仁茶生态农业旅游开发有限公司 | White tea planting method |
| CN103947423B (en) * | 2014-04-26 | 2016-08-24 | 贵州黔仁茶生态农业旅游开发有限公司 | A kind of implantation methods of white tea |
| CN104094755A (en) * | 2014-07-07 | 2014-10-15 | 安徽农业大学 | Ecological method for replacing and controlling alternanthera philoxeroides griseb |
| CN104885826A (en) * | 2015-06-11 | 2015-09-09 | 傅杨 | Method for replacing medical fertilizers by transplanting wormwood from rice field to cover and control weeds |
| CN104885826B (en) * | 2015-06-11 | 2018-05-01 | 傅杨 | A kind of transplanting rice field wormwood covering control grass subtracts for the method for medicine fertilizer |
| CN105009767A (en) * | 2015-07-03 | 2015-11-04 | 安徽省农业科学院茶叶研究所 | Tea garden fertilizer sprinkling method |
| CN105009767B (en) * | 2015-07-03 | 2018-03-16 | 安徽省农业科学院茶叶研究所 | A kind of tea place broadcast application method |
| CN104996257A (en) * | 2015-07-08 | 2015-10-28 | 吴齐仟 | Low yield tea plantation transformation method |
| CN105145209A (en) * | 2015-08-13 | 2015-12-16 | 韦明玕 | Organic tea garden weed biological prevention method |
| CN105210631A (en) * | 2015-10-15 | 2016-01-06 | 遵义师范学院 | The biological anti-careless method of newly-built tea place discrete method |
| CN105660258A (en) * | 2016-01-26 | 2016-06-15 | 赵兰 | Comprehensive weed control method for pollution-free tea |
| CN107637447A (en) * | 2017-11-16 | 2018-01-30 | 湖北金日生态能源股份有限公司 | A kind of weed eradication weeding and infertile field method with sesame crops company commander's technology |
| CN109220445A (en) * | 2018-08-01 | 2019-01-18 | 兴义市农丰农业发展有限公司 | One grows tea the Ecological Tea Gardens breeding method of rabbit mixed breeding |
| CN109089708A (en) * | 2018-08-28 | 2018-12-28 | 英德创美农业发展有限公司 | It is a kind of prevent and treat weed in tea garden method and ground harvest prevention and treatment weed in tea garden in purposes |
| CN112913560A (en) * | 2021-02-04 | 2021-06-08 | 湖州市农业科技发展中心(湖州市农业科学研究院) | Construction method of ecological tea garden |
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| CN101379926B (en) | 2010-06-16 |
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