CN101346552B - Bj型等速万向接头及其内侧部件 - Google Patents

Bj型等速万向接头及其内侧部件 Download PDF

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CN101346552B
CN101346552B CN2006800491505A CN200680049150A CN101346552B CN 101346552 B CN101346552 B CN 101346552B CN 2006800491505 A CN2006800491505 A CN 2006800491505A CN 200680049150 A CN200680049150 A CN 200680049150A CN 101346552 B CN101346552 B CN 101346552B
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shaft
chamfering
chamfered portion
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constant velocity
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小林正纯
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D3/00—Yielding couplings, i.e. with means permitting movement between the connected parts during the drive
    • F16D3/16—Universal joints in which flexibility is produced by means of pivots or sliding or rolling connecting parts
    • F16D3/20—Universal joints in which flexibility is produced by means of pivots or sliding or rolling connecting parts one coupling part entering a sleeve of the other coupling part and connected thereto by sliding or rolling members
    • F16D3/22—Universal joints in which flexibility is produced by means of pivots or sliding or rolling connecting parts one coupling part entering a sleeve of the other coupling part and connected thereto by sliding or rolling members the rolling members being balls, rollers, or the like, guided in grooves or sockets in both coupling parts
    • F16D3/223—Universal joints in which flexibility is produced by means of pivots or sliding or rolling connecting parts one coupling part entering a sleeve of the other coupling part and connected thereto by sliding or rolling members the rolling members being balls, rollers, or the like, guided in grooves or sockets in both coupling parts the rolling members being guided in grooves in both coupling parts
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D1/00—Couplings for rigidly connecting two coaxial shafts or other movable machine elements
    • F16D1/10—Quick-acting couplings in which the parts are connected by simply bringing them together axially
    • F16D1/108—Quick-acting couplings in which the parts are connected by simply bringing them together axially having retaining means rotating with the coupling and acting by interengaging parts, i.e. positive coupling
    • F16D1/116—Quick-acting couplings in which the parts are connected by simply bringing them together axially having retaining means rotating with the coupling and acting by interengaging parts, i.e. positive coupling the interengaging parts including a continuous or interrupted circumferential groove in the surface of one of the coupling parts
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D3/00—Yielding couplings, i.e. with means permitting movement between the connected parts during the drive
    • F16D3/16—Universal joints in which flexibility is produced by means of pivots or sliding or rolling connecting parts
    • F16D3/20—Universal joints in which flexibility is produced by means of pivots or sliding or rolling connecting parts one coupling part entering a sleeve of the other coupling part and connected thereto by sliding or rolling members
    • F16D3/22—Universal joints in which flexibility is produced by means of pivots or sliding or rolling connecting parts one coupling part entering a sleeve of the other coupling part and connected thereto by sliding or rolling members the rolling members being balls, rollers, or the like, guided in grooves or sockets in both coupling parts
    • F16D3/223—Universal joints in which flexibility is produced by means of pivots or sliding or rolling connecting parts one coupling part entering a sleeve of the other coupling part and connected thereto by sliding or rolling members the rolling members being balls, rollers, or the like, guided in grooves or sockets in both coupling parts the rolling members being guided in grooves in both coupling parts
    • F16D3/224—Universal joints in which flexibility is produced by means of pivots or sliding or rolling connecting parts one coupling part entering a sleeve of the other coupling part and connected thereto by sliding or rolling members the rolling members being balls, rollers, or the like, guided in grooves or sockets in both coupling parts the rolling members being guided in grooves in both coupling parts the groove centre-lines in each coupling part lying on a sphere
    • F16D3/2245—Universal joints in which flexibility is produced by means of pivots or sliding or rolling connecting parts one coupling part entering a sleeve of the other coupling part and connected thereto by sliding or rolling members the rolling members being balls, rollers, or the like, guided in grooves or sockets in both coupling parts the rolling members being guided in grooves in both coupling parts the groove centre-lines in each coupling part lying on a sphere where the groove centres are offset from the joint centre
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D1/00—Couplings for rigidly connecting two coaxial shafts or other movable machine elements
    • F16D1/10—Quick-acting couplings in which the parts are connected by simply bringing them together axially
    • F16D2001/103—Quick-acting couplings in which the parts are connected by simply bringing them together axially the torque is transmitted via splined connections
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D3/00—Yielding couplings, i.e. with means permitting movement between the connected parts during the drive
    • F16D3/16—Universal joints in which flexibility is produced by means of pivots or sliding or rolling connecting parts
    • F16D3/20—Universal joints in which flexibility is produced by means of pivots or sliding or rolling connecting parts one coupling part entering a sleeve of the other coupling part and connected thereto by sliding or rolling members
    • F16D3/22—Universal joints in which flexibility is produced by means of pivots or sliding or rolling connecting parts one coupling part entering a sleeve of the other coupling part and connected thereto by sliding or rolling members the rolling members being balls, rollers, or the like, guided in grooves or sockets in both coupling parts
    • F16D3/223—Universal joints in which flexibility is produced by means of pivots or sliding or rolling connecting parts one coupling part entering a sleeve of the other coupling part and connected thereto by sliding or rolling members the rolling members being balls, rollers, or the like, guided in grooves or sockets in both coupling parts the rolling members being guided in grooves in both coupling parts
    • F16D2003/22313—Details of the inner part of the core or means for attachment of the core on the shaft
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D2300/00—Special features for couplings or clutches
    • F16D2300/12—Mounting or assembling
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S464/00—Rotary shafts, gudgeons, housings, and flexible couplings for rotary shafts
    • Y10S464/904—Homokinetic coupling
    • Y10S464/906—Torque transmitted via radially spaced balls

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Snaps, Bayonet Connections, Set Pins, And Snap Rings (AREA)
  • Shafts, Cranks, Connecting Bars, And Related Bearings (AREA)

Abstract

一种等速万向接头及其内侧部件，即使缩短内圈的突起部的轴向长度(内圈宽度)，也容易自动组装簧环。内圈(6)装配于等速万向接头，且在与外圈之间容许角度变位的同时传递扭矩，在形成为内径的轴孔(12)中插入轴而进行花键嵌合，用簧环防止脱落，在所述轴孔(12)的轴插入侧端部设置倒角角度不同的二级倒角部(20)。该二级倒角部(20)包括：位于轴孔开口侧的第一倒角部(21)、和在该第一倒角部(21)的轴孔开口相反侧连接设置的第二倒角部(22)，将第一倒角部(21)的倒角角度(α)设定为比第二倒角部(22)的倒角角度(β)大。

Description

BJ型等速万向接头及其内侧部件
技术领域
本发明涉及在汽车或各种产业机械的动力传动系统中使用，例如在4WD车或FR车等中使用的驱动轴或螺旋桨轴上组装的固定式或滑动式等速万向接头及构成该等速万向接头的一部分的内侧部件。 
背景技术
例如，作为汽车的驱动轴等的连结用接头使用的固定式等速万向接头(带补偿器型等速万向接头：BJ)包括：作为外侧部件的外圈，其在球面状内径面沿轴向形成有曲线状轨道槽；作为内侧部件的内圈，其在球面状外径面沿轴向形成有曲线状轨道槽；多个扭矩传递用滚珠，其配置于外圈的轨道槽和与之对应的内圈的轨道槽协同动作而形成的滚道；保持器，其具备保持这些滚珠的凹部。多个滚珠收容于在保持器形成的凹部，且在圆周方向上以等间隔配置。 
在驱动轴中使用该等速万向接头的情况下，将从外圈的一端沿轴向一体地延伸的轴部(从动轴)连结于车轮轴承装置，并且，将花键嵌合于内圈的轴孔的轴(驱动轴)连结于滑动式等速万向接头。若在该外圈的轴部和内圈侧的轴的双轴间使外圈和内圈的角度变位，则收容于保持器的凹部的滚珠始终是无论在任意工作角下，都维持在该工作角的二等分面内，从而确保接头的等速性。在此，工作角表示外圈的轴部和内圈的轴所成的角度。 
如上所述，轴与等速万向接头的内圈的轴孔连结。在该内圈和轴的连结结构中，轴花键嵌合于内圈的轴孔中，用簧环防止脱落(例如，参照专利文献1)。在该专利文献1中公开的连结结构中，在内圈的轴孔的轴插入侧端部设置倒角部，使得簧环的自动组装容易。 
图9～图12用于说明在具有专利文献1中公开的形状的内圈106中组装轴113的要领。如相同图所示，在内圈106的轴孔112的内周面形成有花键117，在该轴孔112的轴插入侧端部设置有倒角部120。该倒角角度β设定为32.5°以下，优选设定为15°以上且32.5°以下。另外，倒角部120的开口端半径R2设定为比轴113上簧环115由于自重而下垂时的半径R1大，以在轴113的端部形成的凹槽114中预先安装的簧环115由于其自重而下垂的状态下，也能够将轴113直接插入内圈106的轴孔112中(参照图9)。
在该内圈106的轴孔112中组装轴113时，首先，如图9所示，若将轴113相对于内圈106的轴孔112配置于同轴上，则形成在该轴113的轴端部簧环115下垂的状态。 
若从该状态下，如图10所示地向内圈106的轴孔112插入轴113，则簧环115被内圈106的倒角部120的锥面引导而被自动调心。 
然后，若如图11所示地向内圈106的轴孔112进一步插入轴113，则簧环115缩径至内圈106的花键小径而通过轴孔112。 
然后，若如图12所示地将轴113的轴端部插入至从内圈106突出的位置，则簧环115扩径至在内圈106的轴孔开口端形成的台阶部116的位置，从而该簧环115防止轴113的脱落。 
专利文献1：特许第3188001号公报 
然而，在所述等速万向接头中，在进行簧环115的自动组装时，为了使簧环115吃进内圈106的倒角部120的锥面长度而被自动调心的同时顺畅地缩径，在该内圈106的轴插入侧端部设置有突起部119。还有，将内圈106的端部形成为突起形状是考虑了内圈106和量规的组入性。 
另一方面，为了提高簧环115的自动组装性，优选减小内圈106的倒角部120中的锥角即倒角角度β。然而，在确保内圈106的花键有效嵌合长度的状态下，越减小倒角角度β，所述突起部119的轴向长度越大，其结果，内圈106的轴向长度即内圈宽度扩大。这导致在接头的制造方面的成本上升，接头整体的重量也增加。 
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供即使缩短内圈的突起部的轴向长度(内圈宽度)，也能够使簧环的自动组装容易的等速万向接头及其内侧部件。 
本发明是一种等速万向接头的内侧部件，其装配于等速万向接头，且在与外侧部件之间容许角度变位同时传递扭矩，在形成为内径的轴孔中插入轴并进行花键嵌合，用卡止部件防止脱落，其特征在于，在所述轴孔的轴插入侧端部设置有倒角角度不同的二级倒角部。 
优选该二级倒角部包括：位于轴孔开口侧且用于将卡止部件自动调心的第一倒角部；在该第一倒角部的轴孔开口相反侧连接设置且用于使卡止部件缩径的第二倒角部，第一倒角部的倒角角度设定为比第二倒角部的倒角角度大，在所述内侧部件的轴插入侧端部设置有突起部，所述突起部在轴向上从所述内侧部件的轴插入侧端面突出，所述第一倒角部设置于所述突起部的内周面。另外，优选第一倒角部具有32.6°～60°的倒角角度，第二倒角部具有15°～32.5°的倒角角度。 
所述二级倒角部的第一倒角部其作用在于，即使在轴的端部形成的凹槽中预先安装的簧环由于其自重而下垂的状态下，将该簧环自动调心的同时将轴直接插入内圈的轴孔。另外，第二倒角部用于在簧环的自动调心后使该簧环缩径。 
通过这样设置倒角角度大的第一倒角部和倒角角度小的第二倒角部构成的二级倒角部，容易地自动组装簧环，并且，由于第一倒角部的倒角角度大于第二倒角部，因此，能够缩短内圈的突起部的轴向长度(内圈宽度)。 
即，在将第二倒角部的倒角角度设为与以往品相等的情况下，第一倒角部的倒角角度设为比以往品大，因此，能够相应地缩短内侧部件的轴向长度。 
若向由所述结构构成的内侧部件附加外侧部件、和夹在该外侧部件和内侧部件之间并传递扭矩的扭矩传递部件，则能够构成等速万向接头。 
发明效果 
根据本发明可知，通过在轴孔的轴插入侧端部设置倒角角度不同的二级倒角部，能够确保与以往品同等的自动组装性，并且，通过缩短内侧部件的轴向长度，能够实现内侧部件的轻量化及低成本化，能够提供自动组装性良好且轻量紧凑的等速万向接头。 
附图说明
图1是为了比较本发明的实施方式的内圈形状和以往品，分别在从轴线开始的上半部分表示本发明的实施方式的内圈，在从轴线开始的下半部 
图2是表示在本发明的实施方式中的簧环的剖面图。 
图3是表示在本发明的实施方式中将轴相对于内圈配置于同轴上的状态的剖面图。 
图4是表示在本发明的实施方式中用内圈的第一倒角部对簧环自动调心的同时插入轴的状态的剖面图。 
图5是表示在本发明的实施方式中用内圈的第二倒角部使簧环缩径的同时插入轴的状态的剖面图。 
图6是表示在本发明的实施方式中结束向内圈的轴的插入后，利用簧环防止脱落的状态的剖面图。 
图7是在固定型等速万向接头的结构例中沿图8的B-O-B线的剖面图。 
图8是沿图7的A-A线的剖面图。 
图9是表示相对于以往的内圈将轴配置于同轴上的状态的剖面图。 
图10是表示用以往的内圈的倒角部将簧环自动调心的同时插入轴的状态的剖面图。 
图11是表示用以往的内圈使簧环缩径的同时插入轴的状态的剖面图。 
图12是结束相对于以往的内圈的轴的插入后，利用簧环防止脱落的状态的剖面图。 
图中：3-外侧部件(外圈)；6-内侧部件(内圈)；7-扭矩传递部件(滚珠)；12-轴孔；13-轴；15-卡止部件(簧环)；20-二级倒角部；21-第一倒角部；22-第二倒角部；α-第一倒角部的倒角角度；β-第二倒角部的倒角角度。 
具体实施方式
以下，详细说明本发明的实施方式。还有，以下的实施方式例示了适用于固定式(带补偿器型)等速万向接头(BJ)的情况，但还可以适用于其他等速万向接头、例如，固定式(底切自如型)等速万向接头(UJ)、滑动式(交叉槽型)等速万向接头(LJ)或滑动式(双效补偿型)等速万向接头(DOJ)、滑动式(三通型)等速万向接头(TJ)。 
图7及图8所示的实施方式的等速万向接头包括：作为外侧部件的外圈3，其在球面状内径面1沿轴向形成有曲线状轨道槽2；作为内侧部件的内圈6，其在球面状的外径面4沿轴向形成有曲线状的轨道槽5；配置于在外圈3的轨道槽2和与之对应的内圈6的轨道槽5协动而形成的滚道的八个扭矩传递用滚珠7；具备保持这些滚珠7的凹部8的保持器9。八个滚珠7一个个地收容于在保持器9上形成的凹部8，并在圆周方向上以等间隔配置。 
外圈3的轨道槽2的曲率中心O1和内圈6的轨道槽5的曲率中心O2 相对于包含滚珠7的中心的接头中心面O，在轴向上向相反侧偏离等距离程度，因此，滚道形成为开口侧宽，朝向里侧逐渐缩小的楔形状。另外，外圈3的内径面1及内圈6的外径面4的球面中心均与接头中心面O一致。 
在汽车的驱动轴中使用由所述结构构成的等速万向接头的情况下，将从所述外圈3的口部10的底部一体地延伸的轴部11(从动轴)连接于车轮轴承装置(未图示)，并且，将在内圈6的轴孔12中花键嵌合的轴13(驱动轴)与滑动型等速万向接头(未图示)连结。通过花键嵌合连结该内圈6和轴13，能够在两者间传递扭矩。 
在该等速万向接头中，能够在外圈3的轴部11和内圈侧的轴13的双轴之间容许工作角度变位的同时，能够传递扭矩。即，若外圈3和内圈6的角度变位角度θ程度，则被保持器9引导的滚珠7始终是无论在任意工作角θ下，也维持在该工作角θ的二等分面(θ/2)内，从而确保接头的等速性。 
插入内圈6的轴孔12并花键嵌合的轴13，通过用在内圈6的轴孔12的里侧端部设置的台阶部16卡止在其前端部设置的环状凹槽14中嵌入的作为卡止部件的簧环15，防止脱落。 
图1中为了比较本发明的实施方式的内圈形状和以往品，分别在从轴线开始的上半部分表示本发明的实施方式的内圈6，在从轴线开始的下半部分表示以往的内圈106。 
该等速万向接头的内圈6具备：如图1所示地在轴孔12的轴插入侧端部设置有倒角角度α、β不同的二级倒角部20的结构。该二级倒角部20包括：位于轴孔开口侧的第一倒角部21、和在该第一倒角部21的轴孔 开口相反一侧连接设置的第二倒角部22，将第一倒角部21的倒角角度α设定为比第二倒角部22的倒角角度β大。第一倒角部21具有32.6°～60°的倒角角度α，第二倒角部22具有与以往品相等的15°～32.5°的倒角角度β。 
二级倒角部20的第一倒角部21即使在轴13的端部形成的凹槽14中预先安装的簧环15由于其自重而下垂的状态下，也将该簧环15进行自动调心的同时，将轴13直接插入内圈6的轴孔12中，需要使内圈6的开口端处的半径R3与以往品中的内圈106的开口端处的半径R2相等(R3＝R2)。 
另外，第二倒角部22用于在簧环15的自动调心后，使该簧环15缩径，需要使与第一倒角部21的边界部分处的半径R4比图2所示的簧环15的最大半径R5大(R4＞R5)。 
图3～图6用于说明在该实施方式的内圈6中组装轴13的要领。 
在该内圈6的轴孔12中组装轴13时，首先，如图3所示，若将轴13相对于内圈6的轴孔12配置于同轴上，则形成为在该轴13的轴端部簧环15下垂的状态。 
若从该状态如图4所示地向内圈6的轴孔12中插入轴13，则簧环15被内圈6的二级倒角部20的第一倒角部21的锥面引导而被自动调心。 
然后，若如图5所示地向内圈6的轴孔12中进一步插入轴13，则簧环15被内圈6的二级倒角部20的第二倒角部22的锥面引导并缩径至花键小径，通过轴孔12。 
然后，若如图6所示地将轴13的轴端部插入至从内圈6突出的位置，则簧环15在内圈6的轴孔开口端形成的台阶部16的位置扩径，用该簧环15防止轴13脱落。 
通过这样设置倒角角度α大的第一倒角部21、和倒角角度β小的第二倒角部22构成的二级倒角部20，容易地自动组装簧环15，并且，由于第一倒角部21的倒角角度比第二倒角部22大(α＞β)，还能够如图1所示地将内圈6的突起部19的轴向长度m1(内圈宽度L1)设为比以往品中的内圈106的突起部119的轴向长度m2(内圈宽度L2)短(m1＜m2、L1 ＜L2)。 
即，在将第二倒角部22的倒角角度β设为与以往品相等的情况下， 第一倒角部21的倒角角度α大于以往品，因此，能够相应地缩短内圈6的轴向长度即内圈宽度L1。 

Claims (3)

1.一种BJ型等速万向接头的内侧部件，其装配于BJ型等速万向接头，在球面状的外径面沿轴向形成有曲线状的轨道槽，且在与在球面状的内径面沿轴向形成有曲线状的轨道槽的外侧部件之间容许角度变位同时传递扭矩，在形成为内径的轴孔中插入轴并进行花键嵌合，用卡止部件防止脱落，其特征在于，
在所述轴孔的轴插入侧端部设置有用于确保花键有效嵌合长度的倒角角度不同的二级倒角部，
所述二级倒角部包括：位于轴孔开口侧且用于将卡止部件自动调心的第一倒角部；在该第一倒角部的轴孔开口相反侧连接设置且用于使卡止部件缩径的第二倒角部，第一倒角部的倒角角度设定为比第二倒角部的倒角角度大，
在所述内侧部件的轴插入侧端部设置有突起部，所述突起部在轴向上从所述内侧部件的轴插入侧端面突出，所述第一倒角部设置于所述突起部的内周面，所述第二倒角部设置于所述内侧部件的内周面，所述第二倒角部与所述第一倒角部的边界部分处的半径大于所述卡止部件的最大半径。
2.根据权利要求1所述的BJ型等速万向接头的内侧部件，其特征在于，
所述第一倒角部具有32.6°～60°的倒角角度，第二倒角部具有15°～32.5°的倒角角度。
3.一种BJ型等速万向接头，其中，具备：
权利要求1或2所述的内侧部件；所述外侧部件；夹在所述外侧部件和内侧部件之间传递扭矩的扭矩传递部件。
CN2006800491505A 2005-12-26 2006-12-11 Bj型等速万向接头及其内侧部件 Expired - Fee Related CN101346552B (zh)

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