CN101322003B - 冷却元件及其制造方法 - Google Patents

冷却元件及其制造方法 Download PDF

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CN101322003B
CN101322003B CN2006800451442A CN200680045144A CN101322003B CN 101322003 B CN101322003 B CN 101322003B CN 2006800451442 A CN2006800451442 A CN 2006800451442A CN 200680045144 A CN200680045144 A CN 200680045144A CN 101322003 B CN101322003 B CN 101322003B
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copper
cooling element
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K·赛佩莱
J·科伊托
R·萨里南
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Meizhuo Metal Co ltd
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22DCASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D19/00Casting in, on, or around objects which form part of the product
    • B22D19/0072Casting in, on, or around objects which form part of the product for making objects with integrated channels
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22DCASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D19/00Casting in, on, or around objects which form part of the product
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22DCASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D19/00Casting in, on, or around objects which form part of the product
    • B22D19/0081Casting in, on, or around objects which form part of the product pretreatment of the insert, e.g. for enhancing the bonding between insert and surrounding cast metal
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22DCASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D41/00Casting melt-holding vessels, e.g. ladles, tundishes, cups or the like
    • B22D41/50Pouring-nozzles
    • B22D41/60Pouring-nozzles with heating or cooling means
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21BMANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
    • C21B7/00Blast furnaces
    • C21B7/10Cooling; Devices therefor
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21BMANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
    • C21B7/00Blast furnaces
    • C21B7/14Discharging devices, e.g. for slag
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21CPROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C21C5/00Manufacture of carbon-steel, e.g. plain mild steel, medium carbon steel or cast steel or stainless steel
    • C21C5/28Manufacture of steel in the converter
    • C21C5/42Constructional features of converters
    • C21C5/46Details or accessories
    • C21C5/4646Cooling arrangements
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27BFURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • F27B1/00Shaft or like vertical or substantially vertical furnaces
    • F27B1/10Details, accessories, or equipment peculiar to furnaces of these types
    • F27B1/24Cooling arrangements
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27DDETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D1/00Casings; Linings; Walls; Roofs
    • F27D1/12Casings; Linings; Walls; Roofs incorporating cooling arrangements
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27DDETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D3/00Charging; Discharging; Manipulation of charge
    • F27D3/15Tapping equipment; Equipment for removing or retaining slag
    • F27D3/1509Tapping equipment
    • F27D3/1518Tapholes
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    • F27D9/00Cooling of furnaces or of charges therein
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21CPROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C21C5/00Manufacture of carbon-steel, e.g. plain mild steel, medium carbon steel or cast steel or stainless steel
    • C21C5/28Manufacture of steel in the converter
    • C21C5/42Constructional features of converters
    • C21C5/46Details or accessories
    • C21C5/4653Tapholes; Opening or plugging thereof
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27DDETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D9/00Cooling of furnaces or of charges therein
    • F27D2009/0002Cooling of furnaces
    • F27D2009/001Cooling of furnaces the cooling medium being a fluid other than a gas
    • F27D2009/0013Cooling of furnaces the cooling medium being a fluid other than a gas the fluid being water
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27DDETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D9/00Cooling of furnaces or of charges therein
    • F27D2009/0002Cooling of furnaces
    • F27D2009/0018Cooling of furnaces the cooling medium passing through a pattern of tubes
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27DDETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D9/00Cooling of furnaces or of charges therein
    • F27D2009/0002Cooling of furnaces
    • F27D2009/0045Cooling of furnaces the cooling medium passing a block, e.g. metallic
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27DDETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D9/00Cooling of furnaces or of charges therein
    • F27D2009/0002Cooling of furnaces
    • F27D2009/0056Use of high thermoconductive elements
    • F27D2009/0062Use of high thermoconductive elements made from copper or copper alloy
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27DDETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D9/00Cooling of furnaces or of charges therein
    • F27D2009/0002Cooling of furnaces
    • F27D2009/0067Cooling element inlet and outlet tubes
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/12All metal or with adjacent metals
    • Y10T428/12493Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, joint, etc.]
    • Y10T428/12771Transition metal-base component
    • Y10T428/12861Group VIII or IB metal-base component
    • Y10T428/12882Cu-base component alternative to Ag-, Au-, or Ni-base component
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • Y10T428/00Stock material or miscellaneous articles
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    • Y10T428/12493Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, joint, etc.]
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Abstract

本发明涉及在用于金属制造的火法冶金反应器结构中使用的冷却元件(1),该冷却元件包括主要由铜制成的壳体元件(2),该壳体元件具有用于冷却介质循环的通道系统,该通道系统由主要由铜制成的管(3)组成;在形成通道系统的管(3)的外表面上设有涂层(7,A),该涂层的熔点比壳体元件(2)和管(3,B)的材料的熔点低。本发明还涉及一种制造该冷却元件的方法。

Description

冷却元件及其制造方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种在火法冶金反应器结构中使用的冷却元件和制造该冷却元件的方法。
背景技术
在火法冶金工艺中,反应器内衬由水冷的冷却元件保护,使得由于冷却,散发到内衬表面上的热量通过冷却元件传递给水,在这种情况下,与还未被冷却的反应器相比,基本上减小了内衬的损耗。通过在耐火内衬的表面上凝固的所谓的自生内衬可以减小损耗,该自生内衬由熔渣和其它熔融相形成。该冷却元件应该具有良好的传热性能,并且该冷却元件应该能抵抗冶金炉的突然温度变化和一般的高温。
常规地,例如可以通过砂型铸造来制造冷却元件,其中在砂模中布置有由具有良好传热性能的材料例如铜制成的冷却管组,在围绕冷却管组进行铸造的过程中,该冷却管组由空气或水冷却。同样,围绕管组铸造的冷却元件由具有良好传热性能的材料制成,优选是铜。例如在GB专利1386645中描述了这种制造方法。此外,美国专利US5,904,893描述了一种在冶金炉中使用的冷却元件及其制造方法。根据该专利,由铜制成的冷却元件是通过在围绕冷却管组的铜模中铸造铜制成的。由于待浇铸的材料和冷却管由相同的材料制成,因此该描述的方法具有几个明显的缺陷。该方法的主要问题在于,由于部分管可能会与包围的铸造元件完全分离,并且部分管可能会完全熔化并且从而会被损坏,因此用作流道的管组与包围的铸造材料结合不均匀。如果在冷却管和围绕冷却管铸造的冷却元件其余部分之间不形成金属键,则冷却元件和冷却介质之间的传热就不会有效。因此,也削弱了冷却元件的耐热性。此外如果管组完全熔化,那么它就会阻碍冷却水的流动。
公开出版物US6,280,681B1描述了一种冷却元件,其中提出了用于冷却管的各种不同材料,例如铜镍合金。然而,在这种情况下,冷却元件和冷却液之间的传热不如使用铜管时好。
此外,从公开出版物WO2004057256可以知道一种冷却元件和制造该冷却元件的方法,其中,冷却元件的冷却管由铜或铜合金制成,并且用薄的金属层例如镍来电解涂覆冷却管。
发明内容
本发明的目的是消除现有技术的一些缺陷,并获得一种新型的在用于制造金属的火法冶金反应器结构中使用的冷却元件,使得在冷却元件和冷却管之间获得良好的传热。此外,本发明的目的是实现一种制造所述冷却元件的方法。本发明的新颖的基本特征将在随附的权利要求中了解。
本发明具有显著的优点。本发明涉及在用于制造金属的火法冶金反应器结构中使用的冷却元件,所述冷却元件包括主要由铜制成的壳体元件,该壳体元件具有用于冷却介质循环的通道系统,该通道系统由主要由铜制成的管组成,使得在构成通道系统的管的外表面上布置有涂层,该涂层具有比壳体元件和管的材料更低的熔点。就此而言,铜表示主要地是纯铜,例如在冷却元件中广泛应用的使用磷来还原的铜。根据本发明的一个实施例,涂层是铜与至少一种降低其熔点的组分组成的合金,在这种情况下,可在管和壳体元件之间有利地实现具有良好传热性能的青铜接触,即可以将热更加有效地从冷却元件传递给冷却介质。根据一个实施例,涂层是铜、锡和/或银的合金。根据另一个实施例,涂层是含有10%的锡的铜。根据本发明,涂层还可以是含有10%的银的铜,或者是铜、铅和锡的合金。根据一个优选实施例,涂层是银,众所周知银的熔点(961℃)比铜的熔点(1083℃)更低。根据本发明,有利地是涂层的厚度是0.1-1毫米,在这种情况下,管和涂层之间的界面在壳体元件的铸造过程中可受到保护而不会熔化。
根据本发明,冷却元件的壳体元件围绕管被铸造,在这种情况下,在铸造冷却元件的壳体的过程中在管内具有冷却介质循环,例如加压的水,使得管和涂层之间的界面保持固态,以及管在铸造工艺过程中不会由于热而被破坏。利用循环水可使管中的冷却非常有效,使得在铜管和涂层之间的接触表面不会发生熔化,而是在涂层和熔融铜之间的接触表面发生聚结,该聚结可加强良好冶金接触的产生。在铸造冷却元件之前涂覆管,并在涂覆之前或之后将管设计成期望的形状。当冷却元件的铸造壳体元件在管和涂层周围凝固时停止管中的冷却,涂层在铸造冷却元件的壳体元件和管的外表面之间形成有益的接触表面。当涂层包括可很好地溶入铜中的金属作为合金组分时,可加强所述接触表面的产生。利用本发明,可实现在冶金学上良好地附着在管周围的涂层,在该涂层中,合金化到铜中用于降低其熔点的组分可加强耐久结合的产生。利用根据本发明的涂层,可实现在冷却元件和管之间具有良好传热性能和良好耐久性的接触表面,该表面沿管的整个外表面包围管。一般地,冷却元件的形状和尺寸取决于在各种情况下使用的目的。
根据本发明的一个实施例,通过熔融涂布来涂覆管,在这种情况下,管被浸在熔融的涂覆材料中。根据一个实施例,涂层是通过电解涂布涂覆的。根据一个实施例,通过热喷涂技术例如火焰喷涂来涂覆管,使得当燃烧气体和氧气的混合物燃烧时,丝状或粉末状的涂覆材料熔化。利用一定类型的喷嘴系统把熔融的涂覆材料加压吹到管表面上。在本发明的一个实施例中,冷却元件是包围用于排出熔融物的放出口的包围元件,在这种情况下,至少部分冷却元件布置成基本上包围该放出口。
附图说明
下面参考附图更加详细地描述本发明,其中:
图1示出了当涂层是含有10%的锡的铜时温度如何在根据本发明的冷却元件中分布;
图2示出了当涂层是含有10%的银的铜时温度如何在根据本发明的冷却元件中分布;以及
图3a、3b和3c示出了根据本发明的冷却元件。
具体实施方式
图1和2示出了温度T在冷却元件的壳体元件2内铸造的管的涂层A中和在管壁B中如何变化。在图1中,示例性的涂层材料是铜与10%的锡熔合而成的合金,在图2中,示出了铜与10%的银熔合而成的合金。根据该实例,涂层的厚度A是1毫米,管壁的厚度B是6毫米。在管内部,有冷却介质循环,例如水,以便防止管和涂层之间的界面K由于壳体元件2的温度而被熔化,从而使其保持固态。图1中的曲线C和图2中的曲线F描述了在铸造工艺开始时涂层A中的温度梯度、待浇铸的壳体元件2和涂层之间的接触表面L中的温度梯度、在管壁和涂层之间的接触表面K中的温度梯度以及管壁B中的温度梯度。在铸造过程中,铜壳体元件2的温度升高到其熔点(1083℃)以上。由于冷却介质的循环,涂层A中的温度随着接近管和涂层之间的接触表面K而降低。区域D和H描述了铜和合金组分如何在涂层的外表面上聚结。由于在该涂层的最外层中的温度比涂层合金的固相温度(对于铜-锡合金是840℃,对于铜-银合金是780℃)高,因此发生聚结。区域I和J描述了处于壁B一侧的涂层A的层中的固态区域。在图1和图2中,曲线E和G描述了当冷却管附近的铸造铜壳体元件2已经凝固时,在铸造过程后期涂层A和管壁B中的温度梯度。在此期间,铜壳体元件和铜管均处于固态,并且可停止冷却介质循环。然而,由于温度比涂层的固相温度高,管涂层A仍然会部分熔化。随着铸造对象进一步被冷却,该部分熔化的涂层凝固,从而在铸造铜壳体元件和冷却管之间形成具有良好传热性能的紧密接触。
在图3a、3b和3c中,作为实例示出了根据本发明的冷却元件1。图3b是沿图3a中方向X的截面,图3c是沿图3a中方向Y的截面。根据该实例,冷却元件是包围在火法冶金反应器中使用的用于排出熔融金属的放出口6的元件,在这种情况下,该冷却元件保护包围放出口6的耐火陶瓷内衬8,以防止其在排出高温熔融物的过程中受损害。冷却元件的壳体元件2由纯铜制成,其中使氧含量最小化。在冷却元件1内,布置有用于冷却介质循环的铜管3,该铜管设计成包围放出口6,以实现最大的冷却效果。对于冷却介质,提供入口孔4和出口孔5,以使介质循环进入和流出管3。当制造冷却元件时,根据本发明的冷却介质是水,以大约6巴的压力对水加压使其进入管,以便在铸件凝固之前在涂层7和管3中实现有效的冷却效果。所用的管可以是适合于使用目的的任何壁厚的铜管;该实例中管的内径是24毫米。在管3的表面上,提供涂层7,用于实现在铜冷却元件的壳体元件2和铜管3之间具有良好传热性能的耐久接触。所用的涂层材料是一种合金,其中铜与至少一种可降低其熔点的组分熔合成合金,以便实现在管和壳体元件之间具有有利的传热性能的青铜接触。
对于本领域技术人员来说,显而易见的是,本发明的各个实施例不限于上面描述的那些实施例,而是可以在随附权利要求的范围内进行变化。

Claims (17)

1.一种在用于制造金属的火法冶金反应器结构中使用的冷却元件(1),该冷却元件包括主要由铜制成的壳体元件(2),该壳体元件具有用于冷却介质循环的通道系统,该通道系统由主要由铜制成的管(3)组成,其特征在于,在形成通道系统的管(3)的外表面上设置有涂层(7,A),该涂层的熔点比壳体元件(2)和管(3,B)的材料的熔点更低,其中,涂层(7,A)是铜与至少一种降低其熔点的组分组成的合金。
2.如权利要求1所述的冷却元件,其特征在于,涂层(7,A)是铜与锡和/或银的合金。
3.如权利要求1所述的冷却元件,其特征在于,涂层(7,A)是含有10%锡的铜。
4.如权利要求1所述的冷却元件,其特征在于,涂层(7,A)是含有10%银的铜。
5.如权利要求1所述的冷却元件,其特征在于,涂层(7,A)是铜、铅和锡的合金。
6.如权利要求1至5中任何一项所述的冷却元件,其特征在于,涂层(7,A)的厚度是0.1-1毫米。
7.一种制造在用于制造金属的火法冶金反应器结构中使用的冷却元件(1)的方法,该冷却元件包括主要由铜制成的壳体元件(2),该壳体元件具有用于冷却介质循环的通道系统,该通道系统由主要由铜制成的管(3)组成,在该方法中,冷却元件的壳体元件(2)围绕管(3)铸造,并且冷却介质在管中循环,其特征在于,在铸造冷却元件之前,在管的外表面上涂覆涂层(7,A),该涂层的熔点比壳体元件(2)和管(3,B)的材料的熔点低,其中,所用的涂层(7,A)是铜与至少一种降低其熔点的组分组成的合金。
8.如权利要求7所述的方法,其特征在于,在冷却元件的壳体元件(2)的铸造期间,管由冷却介质来冷却,使得涂层(7,A)和管之间的接触表面(K)保持为固态。
9.如权利要求7或8所述的方法,其特征在于,当壳体元件(2)凝固时,停止管(3)中冷却介质的循环。
10.如权利要求7或8所述的方法,其特征在于,通过熔融涂布来形成该涂层(7,A)。
11.如权利要求7或8所述的方法,其特征在于,通过电解涂布来形成该涂层(7,A)。
12.如权利要求7或8所述的方法,其特征在于,通过热喷涂工艺来形成该涂层(7,A)。
13.如权利要求7或8所述的方法,其特征在于,所用的涂层(7,A)是铜与锡和/或银的合金。
14.如权利要求7或8所述的方法,其特征在于,所用的涂层(7,A)是铜与10%锡的合金。
15.如权利要求7或8所述的方法,其特征在于,所用的涂层(7,A)是铜与10%银的合金。
16.如权利要求7或8所述的方法,其特征在于,所用的涂层(7,A)是铜、铅和锡的合金。
17.如权利要求7或8所述的方法,其特征在于,冷却元件(1)是包围用于放出熔融物的放出口(6)的包围元件,在这种情况下,至少部分冷却元件布置成基本上包围该放出口。
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