CN101318854A - Organic fertilizer prepared with traditional Chinese medicine slag - Google Patents
Organic fertilizer prepared with traditional Chinese medicine slag Download PDFInfo
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- CN101318854A CN101318854A CNA2008101324375A CN200810132437A CN101318854A CN 101318854 A CN101318854 A CN 101318854A CN A2008101324375 A CNA2008101324375 A CN A2008101324375A CN 200810132437 A CN200810132437 A CN 200810132437A CN 101318854 A CN101318854 A CN 101318854A
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse
Abstract
The invention relates to an organic fertilizer prepared by utilizing dregs of medical decoction and a preparation method thereof. The method comprises the following steps of: cutting the dregs of medical decoction into pieces; adding strains; mixing evenly; piling up and fermenting; turning the pile; performing static fermentation; grinding into coarse powder and airing when water content is less than or equal to 25 percent; and grinding into fine powder and getting finished products when the water content is less than or equal to 20 percent.
Description
Technical field:
The present invention relates to the technology that a kind of Chinese medicine slag changes into organic fertilizer.
Background technology:
Chinese medicine is a big rarity of Chinese civilization, and Chinese medicine production obtains tcm product through extracting processing.Meanwhile, in the production process of Chinese medicine, can discharge a large amount of discarded dregs of a decoction, former dregs of a decoction treating method is to burn and landfill, the processing cost height, and meeting discharging waste gas and land occupation after the processing produce secondary pollution.The present invention makes fertilizer with Chinese medicine slag, can produce good economic benefit and social benefit.
Green agricultural product production and the too busy to get away high-efficiency activated fertilizers of ecological agriculture construction such as green food, flowers, Chinese medicinal materials.Traditional farm manure not only quantity is difficult to assurance, and insufficient because of fermenting, and without the high temperature harmless treatment, contains harmful organisms such as a large amount of worm's ovums, weed seed, and nutrient content is low, and proportioning is unbalanced, is difficult to satisfy the large scale ecological family property and builds needs.
With the Chinese medicine dregs of a decoction is raw material, and with the high-efficiency activated fertilizer that the batch production means are produced, raw material sources are simple, through high-temperature aerobic fermentation, kill harmful biology, nitrogen phosphorus potassium, organic content is high and stablize, and reasonable ratio can adapt to the demand that the ecological agriculture develops on a large scale well.
The also useful dregs of a decoction system fertilizer of prior art, but need to add auxiliary materials such as pig manure, chicken manure, production plant area and surrounding enviroment are produced pollution, fermentation period is long, the production cost height.
The invention provides a kind of technology that Chinese medicine slag is changed into organic fertilizer, this technology has characteristics such as batch production degree height, with short production cycle, fermentation finished thoroughly1, constant product quality, wherein the most outstanding is to adopt through the high-efficiency strain of rice steamer choosing, according to raw material designing optimal prescription, use technology such as pretreater, guarantee microorganism breeding rapidly in the shortest time, material heats up rapidly.According to test-results, envrionment temperature is in the time of 25 degrees centigrade, and the bank temperature reached 50 degrees centigrade in 24 hours, reach more than 60 degrees centigrade in 48 hours, just can become thoroughly decomposed in 360 hours, had very high fermentation efficiency.
The present invention is the high-efficiency activated fertilizer of raw material production with the Chinese medicine slag, and organic matter can reach more than 40%, and the NPK total amount is more than 6.5%, and does not contain fowl and animal excrement and domestic refuse, does not have the problem of " secondary pollution ".Press producting cost accounting, sell at competitive that can 700 yuan/ton, super quality and competitive price must have the very strong market competitiveness.
Summary of the invention:
The invention reside in provides a kind of organic fertilizer that utilizes the Chinese medicine slag preparation and preparation method thereof.
Chinese medicine slag of the present invention is after Chinese medicine material extracts effective ingredient through the extraction processing technology, remaining wood substance component.
Operation steps of the present invention is: with Chinese medicine slag chopping, add bacterial classification, stir, stack fermentation, through turning, carry out static state bag again and ferment, moisture content≤25% o'clock is beaten meal, airing, and moisture content≤20% is beaten fine powder and is gone out finished product.
For the raw material Chinese medicine slag, because the different dregs of a decoction differences that medicine produced, its organic content of the different dregs of a decoction, C/N and water content are all different.We to the dregs of a decoction that different medicines produced as: organic content, C/N and water contents such as SHENBAO HEJI, SHENGMAI YIN, QINGRE JIEDU KOUFUYE, compound fresh bamboo juice, HUOXIANG ZHENGQI SHUI, Root of Indigowoad detect.See Table 1 Chinese medicine slag analysis of components table,
Table 1: Chinese medicine slag analysis of components table:
| Dregs of a decoction title | Extracting method | Organic content (%) | C/N | Moisture content (%) |
| SHENBAO HEJI | Water is carried, diacolation | 72 | 21 | 70 |
| SHENGMAI YIN | Water is carried, diacolation | 81 | 19 | 72 |
| QINGRE JIEDU KOUFUYE | Water is carried | 54 | 35 | 60 |
| Compound fresh bamboo juice | Water is carried, squeezes, is distilled | 45 | 42 | 50 |
| HUOXIANG ZHENGQI SHUI | Water is carried, diacolation | 42 | 45 | 58 |
| Oral liquid for cough and asthma of children | Water is carried | 46 | 41 | 66 |
| The children's antipyretic oral liquid | Water is carried, is distilled | 48 | 31 | 59 |
| XIAOER ZHIKE TANGJIANG | Water is carried, diacolation | 59 | 29 | 53 |
| Fine and soft art oral liquid | Water is carried, diacolation, backflow | 73 | 25 | 61 |
| Root of Indigowoad | Water is carried | 65 | 27 | 62 |
| The detoxifcation haemorrhoids pills | Water is carried, alcohol extracting | 68 | 32 | 52 |
| Concentrate Dihuang Wan | Water is carried, diacolation | 76 | 24 | 60 |
From the Chinese medicine slag composition: most of Chinese medicine slag organic matter meets to be had six kinds of dregs of a decoction C/N to be lower than 30, six kinds organic fertilizer production, the table to be higher than 30, and arithmetical av 30.9 is than desired 20～30 height of organic fertilizer production.Moisture content arithmetical av 60% is within organic fertilizer production requires.
Therefore, Chinese medicine slag of the present invention can be the Chinese medicine slag of any tcm product, and preferably C/N is between 20～30, and more preferably C/N is than being higher than 30.
General fermentation is produced fertile, if the C/N ratio is lower than 20, the method for taking to add auxiliary materials such as pig manure, chicken manure is adjusted the C/N ratio.In order to reduce of the pollution of auxiliary materials such as pig manure, chicken manure to plant area and surrounding enviroment, the present invention is through the detection of multiple medicine, the C/N that finds the dregs of a decoction that most Chinese medicine produces is greater than 20, can directly utilize, need not add auxiliary materials such as pig manure, chicken manure, if run into Chinese medicine slag less than 20, only need the dregs of a decoction mixing preparation of different C/N ratios, make mixed dregs of a decoction C/N than getting final product more than 20.
The zymophyte that the present invention uses is a mixed bacterium, i.e. the mixed fermentation bacterium that mixes by multiple bacterial strain, and zymophyte of the present invention is through the screening acquisition, and screening process is as follows:
Materials and methods
12 kinds of zymophytes of Gou Maiing are numbered respectively No. 1, No. 2 on the market ... No. 12.
12 kinds of zymophytes are added to respectively converge in the Chinese medicine slag of benevolence medicine company and stir, pile 1.2 meters high, 2 meters wide, 4 meters long experimental reactors.Other does the contrast heap that a pile does not add bacterial classification.
Quick heating just was warming up to more than 50 ℃ in 48 hours in earlier stage, No. 5 bacterium are heated up height, can reach 72 ℃ to find No. 3 bacterium, and high-temperature time is kept length in No. 6 bacterium fermenting processs.More than three kinds of bacterium be respectively: No. 3 bacterium " Rw bacterium " that biotech company of people from Henan unit produces, No. 5 bacterium " fertilizer zymophyte " that the modern biological company limited of water prestige produces, No. 6 bacterium " bio-organic fertilizer live bacteria agent " that Beijing farming good harvest organic bio-fertilizer Science and Technology Ltd. produces.
Above 3 kinds of bacterium triplicates experiment is all presented above feature, the present invention combines the advantage of above 3 kinds of bacterium, use and carry out control experiment in the collocation of different ratio, find these 3 kinds of bacterium by 40%, 45%, 15%, part by weight mixes, effect is best, so we obtain the composite bacteria of Chinese medicine slag fermentation.This zymophyte quick heating, can rapid enzymolysis fiber, protein in the Chinese medicine slag, fermentation period shortens to 15 days when 20 ℃ of envrionment temperatures.
Adjust through groping, we have established processing step of the present invention.
Process using of the present invention be that mechanical turning and static fermentation bag fermentation way of combining is carried out oxygenating.And after adopting the fermentation of static fermentation bag, material can be reduced to moisture below 25% at the static fermentation bag, and this technology has reduced the turning number of times, has saved baking operation and has saved energy consumption, has reduced production cost.
The effect of fertilizer on vegetables that the present invention produces with Chinese medicine slag is as follows:
For the effect of " Chinese medicine slag " of the present invention fertilizer on vegetables, we have carried out the test that " Chinese medicine slag " fertilizer is used on garlic in Wan She village, Gang Shang town.
Materials and methods:
1. for examination fertilizer
" Chinese medicine slag " of the present invention fertilizer, total nutrient content 6.9%, wherein total nitrogen 3.12%, full phosphorus 0.94%, full potassium 2.84%, organic content 52.8%." U.S. rich " board urea that Sichuan Meifeng Chemical Co., Ltd. produces.
2. for examination soil
Soil property is a yellow soil, and soil fertility is medium.
3. for studying thing
Guangxi seed (being commonly called as foreign garlic) for locality custom plantation.
4. test design
4 processing are established in test: handling 1 is habits fertilization, handles 2 and executes " Chinese medicine slag " fertilizer, handles 3 for habits fertilization+" Chinese medicine slag " fertilizer (rate of fertilizer application is half of above each processing), handles 4 and is blank (not applying fertilizer).Sub-district area 20mm2 establishes guard rows all around.If 3 times are repeated the sub-district random alignment.Unanimities such as the planting density of experimental plot, the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control, weeding irrigation management.
5. test method
In conjunction with whole ground, handle 2 and execute " Chinese medicine slag " fertilizer double centner/mu, no longer topdress in the process of growth; Handle 3 and execute 50 kilograms/mu of " Chinese medicine slag " fertilizers.Sowing on July 29, August 20, neat seedling chased after fertilizer for the first time, handled 1 and executed 20 kilograms/mu in urea, handled 3 and executed 10 kilograms/mu in urea; Chased after fertilizer for the second time on September 14, handle 1 and execute 15 kilograms/mu in urea, handle 3 and execute 7.5 kilograms/mu in urea.October 20 gathered, and claimed each sub-district fresh weight.
Result and analysis:
1. " Chinese medicine slag " fertilizer is to the influence of garlic output
Table 2
From last table as seen, (CK) volume increase is all contrasted in each sub-district of applying fertilizer, and the garlic output of executing " Chinese medicine slag " fertilizer is the highest, and comparison has significant difference according to (CK) volume increase 15.9% with contrast.Handle 2 (" Chinese medicine slag " fertilizers) than handling 1 (habits fertilization) volume increase 4.8%, there is significant difference in the two, with processing 3 no significant differences, illustrate that fertile compounding applications such as " Chinese medicine slag " fertilizer and urea also can promote volume increase, but effect is not as using " Chinese medicine slag " fertilizer.
Influence to the garlic growing way:
At later stages, the Folium Allium sativum L look dark green of executing " Chinese medicine slag " fertilizer, and the garlic leaf does not drape over one's shoulders; Other does not then occur to degree, and leaf looses, leaf drapes over one's shoulders.
The fertilizer efficiency that " Chinese medicine slag " fertilizer uses on potato
For the fertilizer efficiency of verifying that fertilizer that Chinese medicine slag changes into uses on potato, its fertilizer efficiency on potato of objective evaluation.We have carried out the fertilizer efficiency experiment in Nanchang County's Aug. 1st township.
1. materials and methods
1.1 for the vegetable plot of examination soil Aug. 1st township Hu Hua village Hu Jianping family, soil is sandy loam, middle fertility, and irrigation and drainage are convenient, and previous crops is the autumn potato.
1.2 for examination fertilizer Chinese medicine slag system fertilizer.
1.3 for studying thing winter potato, kind is " east farming 303 ".
1.4 four processing are established in the test design test, promptly handle 1: mu is executed the fertilizer 2500kg that becomes thoroughly decomposed and is made base manure; Handle 2: mu is executed " Chinese medicine slag " system fertilizer 200kg and is made base manure; Handle 3: mu sealing fertilizer (N-P-K=14-16-15) 50kg makes base manure; Handle 4: do not apply fertilizer.Triplicate, totally 12 sub-districts, 20 square metres of sub-district areas are provided with guard rows all around.Test adopts at random district's group to arrange, and each sub-district plantation is conspired and attained, and intertills, waters, cultivation management measure such as disease pest and weed control is identical.
1.5 test method adopts little shed protection cultivation, January 2 whole ground bulk application, sowing on the 3rd, April 12 gathered, and took by weighing each cell production and investigated individual plant and heavily wait economic characters.
2. result and analysis
2.1 different treatment is to the influence of potato economic characters
Investigate and can get by surveying to produce: the potato individual plant knot potato number after the fertilising, big-and-middle potato ratio, individual plant potato weight, economic coefficient etc. are all compared according to (CK) and are increased, and wherein individual plant is tied the potato number increases by 19.5%～29.9%, to execute the maximum of the fertilizer that becomes thoroughly decomposed; Big-and-middle potato rate increases by 2.9%～6.9%, to execute the ratio maximum of " Chinese medicine slag " fertilizer; Individual plant heavily increases by 6.2～28.6g, to execute the heaviest of the fertilizer that becomes thoroughly decomposed; Economic coefficient increases by 4.2%～7.8%, to execute the highest of " remittance benevolence " fertilizer, is 0.583.See Table 3
The influence (table 3) of different treatment potato economic characters
| Handle | Individual plant knot potato (individual) | Big-and-middle potato rate (%) | Individual plant heavy (g) | Economic coefficient |
| Fertilizer becomes thoroughly decomposed | 4.13 | 76.3 | 137.7 | 0.564 |
| " Chinese medicine slag " fertilizer | 4.07 | 79.2 | 130.7 | 0.583 |
| Composite fertilizer | 3.8 | 78.7 | 115.3 | 0.577 |
| Contrast | 3.18 | 75.1 | 109.1 | 0.541 |
2.2 different treatment is to the influence of potato yield
Produce and can get by surveying: the potato after the fertilising is executed the fertilizer that becomes thoroughly decomposed than CK mu volume increase 292kg all than the obvious volume increase of CK, increases 36.5%; Execute " Chinese medicine slag " fertilizer CK volume increase 238.9kg, increase 29.5%, sealing fertilizer increases production 112.7kg than CK, increases 13.9%; Execute " Chinese medicine slag " fertilizer and increase 13.7% than sealing fertilizer.Execute and become thoroughly decomposed fertilizer and execute " Chinese medicine slag " fertilizer volume increase higher, sealing fertilizer output is lower.(seeing Table 4).
The influence (table 4) of different treatment potato yield
2.3 different treatment cell production variance analysis
Through variance analysis, look into the F-distribution table and get F
0.01(3,6)=9.78, F
0.05(2,6)=5.14 do not reach conspicuous level between district's group, illustrate that the non-processing factor between each district's group is relatively more consistent.F test between processing reaches extremely remarkable, illustrates that Different Fertilization has tangible volume variance.
Table 5 different treatment cell production The results of analysis of variance
| Source of variation | Sum of squares | Degree of freedom | All square | The F value |
| Between processing | 138.79 | 3 | 42.26 | 37.35** |
| Between district's group | 1.44 | 2 | 0.72 | 0.58 |
| Testing error | 7.43 | 6 | 1.24 | |
| Total variation | 144.76 | 11 |
Adopt new that range method carries out multiple comparisons, execute and become thoroughly decomposed fertilizer and execute " Chinese medicine slag " fertilizer that the two all and between the sealing fertilizer, contrast (CK) reaches utmost point significant difference, sealing fertilizer and contrast (CK) also reach utmost point significant difference, but it is not remarkable with " Chinese medicine slag " fertilizer difference to execute the fertilizer that becomes thoroughly decomposed.
2.4 the influence of different treatment potato economic benefit
The potato economic benefit list position of table 6 different treatment: unit
| Handle | The output value | Other inputs | Fertilizer drops into | Pure increasing income | Fertilizer produces throws ratio |
| Fertilizer becomes thoroughly decomposed | 1653 | 720 | 80 | 368 | 1∶4.6 |
| " Chinese medicine slag " fertilizer | 1573 | 720 | 70 | 288 | 1∶4.1 |
| Composite fertilizer | 1384 | 720 | 90 | 79 | 1∶0.9 |
| Contrast | 1215 | 720 | - | - | - |
With 1.5 yuan/kilogram of average price potatos, 350 yuan/ton of " Chinese medicine slag " fertilizers, 1800 yuan of/ton calculating of composite fertilizer (seeing Table 6) are executed the fertilizer that becomes thoroughly decomposed and are thrown than being more or less the same with the product of executing " Chinese medicine slag " organic clothes organic fertilizer, and the two all produces through sealing fertilizer and throws than height.Increase income obviously to execute become thoroughly decomposed fertilizer and " Chinese medicine slag " fertilizer, compared with the control, the fertilizer mu that becomes thoroughly decomposed increases income 368 yuan, and " Chinese medicine slag " fertilizer increases income 288 yuan.
" Chinese medicine slag " fertilizer is used on potato, can improve big-and-middle potato ratio and economic coefficient, reach the effect of increasing both production and income, can improve soil, under the situation of greatly developing pollution-free food, green food Organic food now, when the establishing in large scale farm manure is not enough, can substitutes farm manure and use the replacement inorganic fertilizer, have tangible ecological benefits and economic benefit.
The fertilizer that utilizes Chinese medicine slag to produce is organic to surpass 45%, far above 30% of national regulation; N, P, K total nutrient are up to 8.7%, far above 4% of national regulation.Field fertility experiment and the user feedback done from clay fertilizer station, Jiangxi Province, " Chinese medicine slag " fertilizer result of use is good.
Other effect researchs:
The fertilizer of Chinese medicine slag production has restraining effect to the disease and pest of farm crop.We test in the stripe rust control to paddy rice the fertilizer of Chinese medicine slag production, and after discovery was used the fertilizer of Chinese medicine slag production in earlier stage to paddy growth, paddy rice can not produce stripe rust.Whether we have preventive and therapeutic effect research to its diseases prevention mechanism and to the disease and pests of other farm crop at present.
Embodiment:
Further specify the present invention by the following examples, but not as limitation of the present invention.
Embodiment 1
The preparation of Chinese medicine slag organic fertilizer:
Pre-treatment
The dregs of a decoction with different C/N ratios mix earlier, make its C/N about 30, add zymophyte then, mix the back by high 1.5m, wide 2m, and the requirement of length 〉=3m is stacked, and inserts good sign board.
Stack fermentation
Compound after heap is good has just entered fermentation stage. every day thermometric once, begin turning in the time of more than the heap temperature rise to 50 ℃, turned over once in 2-3 days, turn over once heap every day when rising to more than 60 ℃, about the ten days static fermentation bags of packing into that ferment enter static fermentation.
Static fermentation
Static fermentation is to use 0.8m
3Static fermentation with holes package fermentation material, be placed on the plate, carry out not turning fermentation. ferment begin to descend to temperature after, detect moisture content, when moisture content≤25%, end static fermentation.
Beat meal
Material in the static fermentation bag of stuck fermentation poured in the meal pulverizer pulverizes.
The ground airing
If meal moisture content 〉=20% need indoors on the ground airing to moisture content≤20%.
Beat fine powder, go out finished product
When the meal airing is beaten fine powder to moisture content≤20%, pack, detect warehousing after passing.
Claims (10)
1, a kind of organic fertilizer that utilizes the Chinese medicine slag preparation is characterized in that, organic more than 40%, the NPK total amount is more than 6.5%.
2, a kind of method of utilizing the organic fertilizer of Chinese medicine slag preparation.
According to the method for claim 2, it is characterized in that 3, operation steps is: with the Chinese medicine slag chopping, add bacterial classification, stir, stack fermentation, through turning, carry out static state bag again and ferment, moisture content≤25% o'clock is beaten meal, airing, moisture content≤20% is beaten fine powder, goes out finished product.
According to the method for claim 3, it is characterized in that 4, described Chinese medicine slag is the Chinese medicine slag of any tcm product,
According to the method for claim 3, it is characterized in that 5, described Chinese medicine slag is the Chinese medicine slag of C/N ratio between 20～30,
According to the method for claim 3, it is characterized in that 6, described Chinese medicine slag is that C/N is than the Chinese medicine slag that is higher than 30.
7, according to the method for claim 3, it is characterized in that, described zymophyte is that three kinds of bacterium are mixed in proportion and form, three kinds of bacterium are respectively: " the Rw bacterium " that biotech company of people from Henan unit produces, " the fertilizer zymophyte " that the modern biological company limited of water prestige produces, " the bio-organic fertilizer live bacteria agent " that Beijing farming good harvest organic bio-fertilizer Science and Technology Ltd. produces, 3 kinds of bacterium respectively by 40%, 45%, 15%, part by weight mixes the composite bacteria that obtains the Chinese medicine slag fermentation.
8, according to the method for claim 3, it is characterized in that, adopt mechanical turning and static fermentation bag fermentation way of combining to carry out oxygenating.
9, according to the method for claim 3, it is characterized in that, may further comprise the steps:
Pre-treatment: the dregs of a decoction with different C/N ratios mix earlier, make its C/N about 30, add zymophyte then, mix the back by high 1.5m, wide 2m, and the requirement of length 〉=3m is stacked, and inserts good sign board;
Stack fermentation: the compound after heap is good has just entered fermentation stage. every day thermometric once, begin turning in the time of more than the heap temperature rise to 50 ℃, turned over once in 2-3 days, turn over once heap every day when rising to more than 60 ℃, and about the ten days static fermentation bags of packing into that ferment enter static fermentation;
Static fermentation: static fermentation is to use 0.8m
3Static fermentation with holes package fermentation material, be placed on the plate, carry out not turning fermentation. ferment begin to descend to temperature after, detect moisture content, when moisture content≤25%, end static fermentation;
Beat meal: the material in the static fermentation bag of stuck fermentation is poured into and is pulverized in the meal pulverizer;
The ground airing: if meal moisture content 〉=20% need indoors on the ground airing to moisture content≤20%;
Beat fine powder, go out finished product: when the meal airing is beaten fine powder to moisture content≤20%, pack, detect warehousing after passing.
10, the organic fertilizer of the Chinese medicine slag production of claim 1 has restraining effect to the disease and pest of farm crop.
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| CN1155542C (en) * | 2001-02-16 | 2004-06-30 | 杨雄 | Process for preparing organic fertilizer from dungs and droppings |
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