CN106397067A - Sweet potato black rot organic fertilizer prepared by taking traditional Chinese medicine residues as raw materials and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Sweet potato black rot organic fertilizer prepared by taking traditional Chinese medicine residues as raw materials and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN106397067A CN106397067A CN201611200334.9A CN201611200334A CN106397067A CN 106397067 A CN106397067 A CN 106397067A CN 201611200334 A CN201611200334 A CN 201611200334A CN 106397067 A CN106397067 A CN 106397067A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/80—Soil conditioners
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F1/00—Fertilisers made from animal corpses, or parts thereof
- C05F1/005—Fertilisers made from animal corpses, or parts thereof from meat-wastes or from other wastes of animal origin, e.g. skins, hair, hoofs, feathers, blood
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse
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Abstract
The invention discloses a sweet potato black rot organic fertilizer prepared by taking traditional Chinese medicine residues as raw materials and a preparation method thereof. The organic fertilizer is prepared by enzyme extraction and composting of the following traditional Chinese medicine residues in parts by weight: 2-4 parts of scorpion residues, 3-6 parts of orange peel residues, 3-6 parts of semen cassiae residues, 5-7 parts of clove residues, 2-4 parts of capillary artemisia residues and 1-5 parts of mangnolia officinalis residues. According to the fertilizer, the traditional Chinese medicine residues are turned into wealth; and the prepared organic fertilizer not only can effectively improve the physicochemical structure of soil, supplement various organic and mineral nutrients to the soil and optimize the microbial community structure of the soil to promote the plant growth, but also can control the sweet potato black rot.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to Chinese medicine technical field of waste recovery, more particularly, it relates to one kind is with Chinese medicine dreg for raw material system
Standby anti-sweet potato black rot fertilizer and preparation method thereof.
Background technology
In recent years, the plant extract industry development of China is rapid, extract cover Chinese patent medicine, food, cosmetics and
The multiple fields such as botanical pesticide.The plant extract of China has hundreds of, and wherein having necessarily representational is with Chinese crude drug
For the extract product of raw material, such as Radix Ginseng extract（Ginsenoside）, green tea extract（Tea polyphenols）, Radix Glycyrrhizae extract, Semen sojae atricolor
Extract（Soybean isoflavone）, Semen Ginkgo extrac and Flos Lonicerae extract etc. (once founded the state 2006).Plant extract is as target
Effective ingredient is relatively low in plant in-vivo content, generally requires substantial amounts of plant material in production, also creates a large amount of simultaneously
Plant extract residue, only Chinese medicine extraction one, the annual emissions of China's Chinese medicine slag just reach 30,000,000 tons of (Zhou Dabiao and Tang Maohua
2007).In actual production, manufacturing enterprise often takes air storage, the means such as landfill and burning of digging pit to process to these residues,
Both pollute environment, occupied a large amount of land resources, cause the waste of ample resources again.With social development, people live
The raising of level, the utilization to plant extract resource becomes to expand situation year by year, and at the waste residue producing during plant extract
Reason problem is increasingly becoming in industry development must be in the face of the problem with solution.
Modern pharmacological research shows, the Chinese medicine with antifungic action is very many, and, existing extraction process can not
Extract the antifungal effective ingredient of these Chinese medicines completely, then how few for residue in waste residue of Chinese herbs is had antifungal
Point extract, and to apply in other antifungal fields be that object of this investigation is located.
In addition, a kind of important disease that sweet potato black rot is Rhizoma Dioscoreae esculentae to be produced, occur universal, China's each Rhizoma Dioscoreae esculentae production district is equal
There is generation.Rhizoma Dioscoreae esculentae all can fall ill in Seedling Stage, trophophase and storage period, and mainly cause harm tuber and seedling basal part of stem do not infect ground
On vines.Nursery stage is caught an illness, and how to carry disease germs because of potato seed and causes, and potato seed blackening is rotted, and causes rotten bed, when serious, seedling darkly foot
Shape, withered or unearthed is rotten in soil.After sick seedling transplants land for growing field crops, growth is weak, and leaf color is light, and it is oval that basal part of stem grows pitchy
Or rhombus scab, slightly concave fall into, have the mould layer of Lycoperdon polymorphum Vitt on initial stage scab, after gradually produce black setiform thing and powder, basal part of stem
Blade turns yellow and comes off, and under ground portion blackening is rotted, and when serious, seedling is withered, causes the disconnected ridge that is short of seedling.Tuber is with morbidity before and after harvesting
For many, scab be brown to black, central authorities are slightly concave to be fallen into, and upper have black mustiness thing or setiform thing, sick potato become bitter it is impossible to food
With.This disease has had a strong impact on the economic worth of Rhizoma Dioscoreae esculentae.
Content of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is, for the drawbacks described above of prior art, provides one kind with Chinese medicine dreg
Anti- sweet potato black rot fertilizer for raw material preparation and preparation method thereof.The present invention is turned waste into wealth using Chinese medicine dreg, makes
Fertilizer not only can be effectively improved soil physicochemical structure, for the soil various organic and mineral nutrition of supplement, to optimize soil micro-
Biology community structure, thus promoting the growth of plant, and can prevent and treat sweet potato black rot.
The technical solution adopted for the present invention to solve the technical problems is：There is provided and a kind of prepared for raw material with Chinese medicine dreg
Anti- sweet potato black rot fertilizer, by following weight portion Chinese medicine dreg after Enzymatic Extraction, carry out compost treatment and form：Scorpio medicine
Slag 2-4 part, Pericarpium Citri tangerinae medicinal residues 3-6 part, Semen Cassiae medicinal residues 3-6 part, Flos Caryophylli medicinal residues 5-7 part, Herba Artemisiae Scopariae medicinal residues 2-4 part, Cortex Magnoliae Officinalis medicinal residues 1-5
Part.
Preferably, the described anti-sweet potato black rot fertilizer prepared for raw material with Chinese medicine dreg, by following weight portion
Chinese medicine dreg, after Enzymatic Extraction, carries out compost treatment and forms：Scorpio medicinal residues 2-3 part, Pericarpium Citri tangerinae medicinal residues 4-6 part, Semen Cassiae medicinal residues
4-5 part, Flos Caryophylli medicinal residues 5-6 part, Herba Artemisiae Scopariae medicinal residues 2-3 part, Cortex Magnoliae Officinalis medicinal residues 1-4 part.
Preferably, the described anti-sweet potato black rot fertilizer prepared for raw material with Chinese medicine dreg, by following weight portion
Chinese medicine dreg, after Enzymatic Extraction, carries out compost treatment and forms：2.5 parts of Scorpio medicinal residues, 4 parts of Pericarpium Citri tangerinae medicinal residues, Semen Cassiae medicinal residues 4.5
Part, 5.5 parts of Flos Caryophylli medicinal residues, 2.8 parts of Herba Artemisiae Scopariae medicinal residues, 2.6 parts of Cortex Magnoliae Officinalis medicinal residues.
The present invention also provides a kind of system of the anti-sweet potato black rot fertilizer prepared for raw material described above with Chinese medicine dreg
Preparation Method, comprises the steps：
（1）Enzymatic Extraction：Weigh the Pericarpium Citri tangerinae medicinal residues of formula ratio, Semen Cassiae medicinal residues, Flos Caryophylli medicinal residues, Herba Artemisiae Scopariae medicinal residues, Cortex Magnoliae Officinalis medicinal residues, point
Do not pulverized, taken each Chinese medicine dreg powder, added 70% ethanol solution that pH value is 5.5-5.8, liquid ratio is 1:18（w/v）,
At 70 DEG C, heating in water bath, to constant temperature, is subsequently adding compound enzyme, after stirring 0.5 hour, digests 0.5-1.5 hour, filters, separates
Chinese medicine filtering residue and filtrate are standby；
（2）Composting process：
Take step（1）The Chinese medicine filtering residue obtaining and Scorpio medicinal residues, as compost material, inoculate composite microbial system, described composite microbial system
Inoculum concentration and compost material according to mass fraction 5.5% mix；It is placed in closed compost reactor, sent out using high-temperature aerobic
Ferment, is aerated oxygen supply by the Aeration tank of reactor bottom, controls venting flow rate in 9- by rotor type gas flowmeter
10.5L/min;Enter detection and the record of trip temperature by the temperature sensor being arranged in closed compost reactor, control anti-
Temperature in device is answered in 40-45 DEG C, to ferment 15 days；
（3）Mixing：
By step（1）The filtrate obtaining adds to step（2）In Chinese medicine filtering residue after fermentation, obtain final product anti-sweet potato black rot organic
Fertile.
Preferably, the preparation method of the described anti-sweet potato black rot fertilizer prepared for raw material with Chinese medicine dreg, step
（1）Described in compound enzyme consumption be every gram of medicinal residues of 4.5-6.3mg/；Described compound enzyme is made up of with pectase cellulase, fine
The plain enzyme of dimension is 1 with the mass ratio of pectase：2-3.
Preferably, the preparation method of the described anti-sweet potato black rot fertilizer prepared for raw material with Chinese medicine dreg, step
（1）Described in compound enzyme consumption be every gram of medicinal residues of 5.5 mg/；Described compound enzyme is made up of with pectase cellulase, fiber
Plain enzyme is 1 with the mass ratio of pectase:2.5.
Preferably, the preparation method of the described anti-sweet potato black rot fertilizer prepared for raw material with Chinese medicine dreg, step
（2）Described in composite microbial system be antibacterial, funguses and actinomycetes with volume ratio 1:（1-2）:（2-3）Mixing biological control agentses.
Preferably, the preparation method of the described anti-sweet potato black rot fertilizer prepared for raw material with Chinese medicine dreg, described
Antibacterial is bacterial strain HS-2, bacterial strain HSL, bacterial strain LA-6, bacterial strain LS-11, bacterial strain LS-14, bacterial strain WS-1, bacterial strain WS-4, bacterial strain
One of XM-3, strain X M-8.
Preferably, the preparation method of the described anti-sweet potato black rot fertilizer prepared for raw material with Chinese medicine dreg, described
Funguses are bacterial strain BB-1, bacterial strain BB-2, bacterial strain BB-3, bacterial strain LM-1, bacterial strain LS-7, bacterial strain LS-12, bacterial strain LX-12, bacterial strain
One of SLT-15, bacterial strain TS-7, bacterial strain WB-1, bacterial strain WB-2, bacterial strain WB-3.
Preferably, the preparation method of the described anti-sweet potato black rot fertilizer prepared for raw material with Chinese medicine dreg, described
Actinomycetes are bacterial strain LA-4, bacterial strain LA-7, bacterial strain LA-9, bacterial strain LA-10, bacterial strain LX-1, in bacterial strain MG-1, bacterial strain SP-1 one
Kind.
Implement anti-sweet potato black rot fertilizer prepared for raw material with Chinese medicine dreg of the present invention and preparation method thereof, have following
Beneficial effect：
（1）The present invention is turned waste into wealth using Chinese medicine dreg, the fertilizer made not only can be effectively improved soil physicochemical structure,
Supplement various organic and mineral nutrition, optimization structure of soil microbial community for soil, and the Chinese medicine dreg formula of the present invention
Sweet potato black rot can be prevented and treated.
（2）The preparation technology of the present invention, by abolishing plant cell wall using enzyme process, extracts the antifungal in Chinese medicine dreg
Effective ingredient, then again through compost fermentation, make fermented after Chinese medicine dreg contain the substantial amounts of battalion such as carbon source, nitrogen source and energy
Form point, last antifungal effective ingredient combines substantial amounts of nutritional labeling, so that this fertilizer is had on preventing and treating sweet potato black rot aobvious
The curative effect writing.
（3）Chinese crude drug is mostly vegetal medical herbs, and cell wall is to be made up of cellulose, and antibiotic effective ingredient is to be wrapped
It is rolled in cell wall.It is necessary to overcome by cellulose, hemicellulose, really during Chinese medicine medicinal active ingredient extracts
Cell wall and the resistance to mass tranfer brought of intercellular substance that colloid is constituted.The extraction of Chinese medicine Active antifungal compound of the present invention is chosen
Be cellulase and pectase mixed enzyme, through mixing ferment treatment after material, plant cell wall is destroyed, to therefrom
It is effectively for extracting medicinal Active antifungal compound.Research finds, is 1 especially in cellulase and pectase mass ratio:2.5
When, the extraction to Active antifungal compound is maximally efficient, and cellulase and pectase can effectively destroy the cell wall of plant,
So that the structure of cell wall is changed, reduce the cell wall and intercellular substance resistance for Extraction solvent, accelerate medicinal antibacterial and live
Property composition isolates the speed of cell so that extraction ratio has obtained high raising, decreases extraction time.
（4）In addition, plant extract residue often wood fibre cellulose content height, direct composting material degradation speed
Slowly, decomposed period is long.And the present invention passes through screening colleges and universities lignocellulose degrading bacteria in nature, set up composite microbial system and be used as
Compost Inoculant, can effectively facilitate the degraded of lignocellulose in compost, shorten the compost fermentation cycle, accelerate compost maturity,
Improve compost quality.Especially in the composite microbial system of present invention screening（Antibacterial, funguses and actinomycetes are with volume ratio 1:（1-2）:
（2-3）Mixed biologic preventing and treating bacterium）Under effect, faster, fermentation period is shorter for the degradation speed of lignocellulose, fertilizer quality
More preferably.
Specific embodiment
Below, in conjunction with specific embodiment, the present invention is described further：
In the present invention, if not refering in particular to, all of part, percentage ratio are unit of weight, the equipment being adopted and raw material etc.
Buy or commonly used in the art from market.Method in following embodiments, if no special instructions, is the routine side of this area
Method.
A kind of anti-sweet potato black rot fertilizer prepared for raw material with Chinese medicine dreg, by the Chinese medicine dreg warp of following weight portion
After Enzymatic Extraction, carry out compost treatment and form：Scorpio medicinal residues 2-4 part, Pericarpium Citri tangerinae medicinal residues 3-6 part, Semen Cassiae medicinal residues 3-6 part, Flos Caryophylli
Medicinal residues 5-7 part, Herba Artemisiae Scopariae medicinal residues 2-4 part, Cortex Magnoliae Officinalis medicinal residues 1-5 part.
Although inventive formulation component passes through extraction and application, still contain a certain amount of effective in medicine residue
Composition, the present invention, through multiple trials, filters out Chinese medicine residue formula and the recoverying and utilizing method of the present invention, become give up into
Treasured, goes out the effective ingredient of antibacterial by Enzymatic Extraction, then more remaining residue is carried out compost fermentation, is degraded into substantial amounts of battalion
Form point.Nutritional labeling is combined with antifungal effective ingredient, the physicochemical structure of soil not only can be effectively improved, be soil
Supplement various organic and mineral nutrition, optimization structure of soil microbial community, the growth promoter of plant is played a driving role, and
Sweet potato black rot can be prevented and treated.
The pharmacological action of inventive formulation component is as follows：
Scorpio medicinal residues are the dry body of Buthidae animal Scorpio Buthus martensii Karsch after ethanol extraction
Residue.Modern pharmacological research finds, to 8 kinds of tables, shallow pathomycete all has inhibitory action, especially to Alcoholic Extract of Scorpion in vitro
Its, its antifungic action more sensitive to Fonsecaea pedrosor, middle kirschner sporothrix, trichophyton gypseum, acrothesium floccosum
Better than Bulbus Allii leachate.Find, the effect of charybdotoxin nonreactive epidermal skin funguses under this experiment condition simultaneously.
Pericarpium Citri tangerinae medicinal residues are the residue after ethanol extraction for the mature peel of rutaceae orange and its variety.Modern
Pharmacological research finds, in test tube, bacteriostatic experiment finds, the Pericarpium Citri tangerinae liquid of 25% and 50% concentration has suppression to common superficial mycosiss
Effect, but Candida albicans unrestraint is acted on；12.5% Pericarpium Citri tangerinae liquid is to trichophyton, single hairy sporidiole bacteria, cotton-shaped table
Dermatophytes all has inhibitory action.
Semen Cassiae medicinal residues are the dry of leguminous plant Semen Cassiae Cassia obtusifolia L. or little Cassia tora Cassia tora L.
Residue after ethanol extraction for the dry mature seed.Modern pharmacological research finds, the alcohol extracting thing of Semen Cassiae seed is to Fructus Vitis viniferae ball
Bacterium, diphtheria corynebacterium and typhoid fever, paratyphoid fever, escherichia coli etc. all have inhibitory action, and water extract is then invalid, flooding agent（1：4）
There is different degrees of inhibitory action to some dermatophytess in test tube.Containing chrysophanol, but amount is few, may be slight with it anti-
Bacterium, discharge function is relevant.
Flos Caryophylli medicinal residues are the dry flower of Myrtaceae Syzygium Flos Caryophylli Syzygium aromaticum after ethanol extraction
Residue.Modern pharmacological research finds, the active component syringic acid of Flos Caryophylli has antifungic action.Researcher adopts solid fine jade
Fat method, with salicylic acid for blank determination syringic acid antifungal activity, finds it to the 10 kinds of dermatophytosises being tried, 5 kinds of deeps are true
Bacterium, 3 primary yeast sample bacterium all have suppression and killing action hence it is evident that being better than control drug.Scanner uni transmission electron microscope also confirms that this medicine pair
Trichophyton gypseum, candidiasises have stronger destruction it is seen that funguses profile changes.
Herba Artemisiae Scopariae medicinal residues are the seedling of feverfew Herba Artemisiae Scopariae Artemisia capillaris Thunb. after ethanol extraction
Residue.Modern pharmacological research finds, Herba Artemisiae Scopariae has stronger resisting pathogenic microbes to act on, in vitro to Staphylococcus aureus
Bacterium has obvious inhibitory action.To dysentery bacterium, Hemolytic streptococcuss, Diplococcus pneumoniae, diphtheria corynebacterium, cattle type and M. tuberculosis
Bacillus, escherichia coli, Bacillus typhi, bacillus pyocyaneus, bacillus subtilis, pathogenicity filamentous, and Aspergillus flavus, aspergillus versicolor
There is certain inhibitory action etc. dermatophytess.Herba Artemisiae Scopariae Antibacterial Constituents be mainly capillin, parahydroxyacet-ophenone and other
Volatile oil component.
Cortex Magnoliae Officinalis medicinal residues are Magnoliaceae magnolia Cortex Magnoliae Officinalis（Former subspecies） M. officinalis subsp.
Officinalis and magnolia officinalis rehd.et wils.var.biloba rehd.et wils.（Subspecies）M. two kinds of officinalis subsp. biloba, main product is in Sichuan, Hubei
Etc. ground.Refer exclusively to this plant in Chinese crude drug is dried dried bark, the root bark and branch skin residue after ethanol extraction.Modern pharmacological research
Find, Cortex Magnoliae Officinalis is to streptococcus pneumoniae, diphtheria corynebacterium, Hemolytic streptococcuss, bacillus subtilis, will Hayes and Amur dysentery bacterium, golden yellow
Color staphylococcuses etc. have bacteriostasis, and its effect is low compared with Rhizoma Coptidis powder 5～10 times, but also have report in vitro to Staphylococcus aureus
The effect of bacterium is more than Rhizoma Coptidis person；There are some antibacterial actions to anthrax bacillus in Cavia porcelluss body；Some dermatophytess are had in vitro
Inhibitory action；Experimental viral hepatitis is also played the role of to improve liver parenchyma pathological changes.Its alcohol preserved material（1:3000～1:300）
Also there are some inhibitory action to tubercule bacillus in vitro.
The preparation method of this anti-sweet potato black rot fertilizer, comprises the steps：
（1）Enzymatic Extraction：Weigh the Pericarpium Citri tangerinae medicinal residues of formula ratio, Semen Cassiae medicinal residues, Flos Caryophylli medicinal residues, Herba Artemisiae Scopariae medicinal residues, Cortex Magnoliae Officinalis medicinal residues, point
Do not pulverized, taken each Chinese medicine dreg powder, added 70% ethanol solution that pH value is 5.5-5.8, liquid ratio is 1:18（w/v）,
At 70 DEG C, heating in water bath, to constant temperature, is subsequently adding compound enzyme, after stirring 0.5 hour, digests 0.5-1.5 hour, filters, separates
Chinese medicine filtering residue and filtrate are standby；The consumption of described compound enzyme is every gram of medicinal residues of 4.5-6.3mg/；Described compound enzyme is by cellulase
With pectase composition, cellulase is 1 with the mass ratio of pectase：2-3.
（2）Composting process：
Take step（1）The Chinese medicine filtering residue obtaining and Scorpio medicinal residues, as compost material, inoculate composite microbial system, described composite microbial system
Inoculum concentration and compost material according to mass fraction 5.5% mix；It is placed in closed compost reactor, sent out using high-temperature aerobic
Ferment, is aerated oxygen supply by the Aeration tank of reactor bottom, controls venting flow rate in 9- by rotor type gas flowmeter
10.5L/min;Enter detection and the record of trip temperature by the temperature sensor being arranged in closed compost reactor, control anti-
Temperature in device is answered in 40-45 DEG C, to ferment 15 days；Described composite microbial system is antibacterial, funguses and actinomycetes with volume ratio 1:（1-
2）:（2-3）Mixing biological control agentses.Composite microbial system processes temperature and the high-temperature duration that can significantly improve heap body,
Effectively facilitate the degraded of lignocellulose in compost material, shorten the compost fermentation cycle, improve compost maturity.Described antibacterial is
Bacterial strain HS-2, bacterial strain HSL, bacterial strain LA-6, bacterial strain LS-11, bacterial strain LS-14, bacterial strain WS-1, bacterial strain WS-4, strain X M-3, bacterium
One of strain XM-8.Described funguses are bacterial strain BB-1, bacterial strain BB-2, bacterial strain BB-3, bacterial strain LM-1, bacterial strain LS-7, bacterial strain LS-
12nd, one of bacterial strain LX-12, bacterial strain SLT-15, bacterial strain TS-7, bacterial strain WB-1, bacterial strain WB-2, bacterial strain WB-3.Described unwrapping wire
Bacterium is one of bacterial strain LA-4, bacterial strain LA-7, bacterial strain LA-9, bacterial strain LA-10, bacterial strain LX-1, bacterial strain MG-1, bacterial strain SP-1.
Above-mentioned bacterial strains isolate and purify from room temperature bacterium and high temperature resistant bacterium and obtain：From Yang Ling, the too fertile soil of the ground such as white, sky and water collection, heap
Fertile sample is used for the separation screening of room temperature bacterium.Sample the bolter for high temperature resistant bacterium from the megathermal period of straw and cow dung compost
Choosing.The preparation method of bacterial strain is as follows：Take sample to add distilled water diluting, draw 0.1ml and coat the selection of cellulose Congo red
Property culture medium on, in 45 DEG C of high-temperature cultivation case cultivate, routine observation, the bacterium of Clear ＆ Transparent circle occurs around picking colony
Strain, is separated by method of scoring, purification.
（3）Mixing：
By step（1）The filtrate obtaining adds to step（2）In Chinese medicine filtering residue after fermentation, obtain final product anti-sweet potato black rot organic
Fertile.
Embodiment 1A kind of anti-sweet potato black rot fertilizer
By following weight portion Chinese medicine dreg after Enzymatic Extraction, carry out compost treatment and form：2.5 parts of Scorpio medicinal residues, Pericarpium Citri tangerinae medicine
4 parts of slag, 4.5 parts of Semen Cassiae medicinal residues, 5.5 parts of Flos Caryophylli medicinal residues, 2.8 parts of Herba Artemisiae Scopariae medicinal residues, 2.6 parts of Cortex Magnoliae Officinalis medicinal residues.
The concrete preparation method of anti-sweet potato black rot fertilizer is as follows：
（1）Enzymatic Extraction：Weigh the Pericarpium Citri tangerinae medicinal residues of formula ratio, Semen Cassiae medicinal residues, Flos Caryophylli medicinal residues, Herba Artemisiae Scopariae medicinal residues, Cortex Magnoliae Officinalis medicinal residues, point
Do not pulverized, taken each Chinese medicine dreg powder, added 70% ethanol solution that pH value is 5.5-5.8, liquid ratio is 1:18（w/v）,
At 70 DEG C, heating in water bath, to constant temperature, is subsequently adding compound enzyme, after stirring 0.5 hour, digests 0.5-1.5 hour, filters, separates
Chinese medicine filtering residue and filtrate are standby；The consumption of described compound enzyme is every gram of medicinal residues of 5.5 mg/；Described compound enzyme by cellulase with
Pectase forms, and cellulase is 1 with the mass ratio of pectase:2.5.
（2）Composting process：
Take step（1）The Chinese medicine filtering residue obtaining and Scorpio medicinal residues, as compost material, inoculate composite microbial system, described composite microbial system
Inoculum concentration and compost material according to mass fraction 5.5% mix；It is placed in closed compost reactor, sent out using high-temperature aerobic
Ferment, is aerated oxygen supply by the Aeration tank of reactor bottom, controls venting flow rate in 9- by rotor type gas flowmeter
10.5L/min;Enter detection and the record of trip temperature by the temperature sensor being arranged in closed compost reactor, control anti-
Temperature in device is answered in 40-45 DEG C, to ferment 15 days；
The preparation of composite microbial system：Bacterial strain LA-6, bacterial strain BB-3 and bacterial strain LA-9 adopt NB culture medium culturing.According to 1 before inoculation:
1: 2.5（V:V:V）Ratio mixing, colony counting is carried out by colony counting method, the composite microbial system bacterium solution density finally giving
For 109CFU/mL.Nutrient broth NB culture medium（g/L）：Peptone 10, Carnis Bovis seu Bubali cream 3, sodium chloride 5, pH7.2-7.4.
（3）Mixing：
By step（1）The filtrate obtaining adds to step（2）In Chinese medicine filtering residue after fermentation, obtain final product anti-sweet potato black rot organic
Fertile.
Embodiment 2A kind of anti-sweet potato black rot fertilizer
By following weight portion Chinese medicine dreg after Enzymatic Extraction, carry out compost treatment and form：2 parts of Scorpio medicinal residues, Pericarpium Citri tangerinae medicinal residues 3
Part, 3 parts of Semen Cassiae medicinal residues, 5 parts of Flos Caryophylli medicinal residues, 2 parts of Herba Artemisiae Scopariae medicinal residues, 1 part of Cortex Magnoliae Officinalis medicinal residues.
The concrete preparation method of this anti-sweet potato black rot fertilizer is same as Example 1.
Embodiment 3A kind of anti-sweet potato black rot fertilizer
By following weight portion Chinese medicine dreg after Enzymatic Extraction, carry out compost treatment and form：4 parts of Scorpio medicinal residues, Pericarpium Citri tangerinae medicinal residues 6
Part, 6 parts of Semen Cassiae medicinal residues, 7 parts of Flos Caryophylli medicinal residues, 4 parts of Herba Artemisiae Scopariae medicinal residues, 5 parts of Cortex Magnoliae Officinalis medicinal residues.
The concrete preparation method of this anti-sweet potato black rot fertilizer is same as Example 1.
Embodiment 4A kind of anti-sweet potato black rot fertilizer
The Chinese medicine dreg formula composition of this anti-sweet potato black rot fertilizer is same as Example 1.
, compared with the preparation method of embodiment 1, step is basically identical with condition for its preparation method, and difference is：（1）Enzyme process
In extraction, the consumption of compound enzyme is every gram of medicinal residues of 2 mg/；Described compound enzyme is made up of with pectase cellulase, cellulase with
The mass ratio of pectase is 1:1.
Embodiment 5A kind of anti-sweet potato black rot fertilizer
The Chinese medicine dreg formula composition of this anti-sweet potato black rot fertilizer is same as Example 1.
, compared with the preparation method of embodiment 1, step is basically identical with condition for its preparation method, and difference is：（2）Compost
During composite microbial system preparation：According to 1 before inoculation:1:1（V:V:V）Ratio mixing, bacterium colony is carried out by colony counting method
Count, the composite microbial system bacterium solution density finally giving is 109CFU/mL.
Below, carry out planting culture experiment, observe the prepared anti-sweet potato black rot fertilizer of embodiment 1-5 to preventing and treating Rhizoma Dioscoreae esculentae
Melasma and the effect of growth of sweet potato situation.
Melasma passes disease mainly by potato seed in spite of illness, is secondly sick seedling, soil, fertilizer also can pass disease in spite of illness.With sick potato nursery,
Grow sick seedling.Pathogenic bacteria can directly invade Seedling foundation, mainly invades from wound in potato wedges, also can pass through root eye, hole skin, naturally split
Mouth, underground insect bite wound etc. invade.This is experimental field located in farmland, and choosing susceptible sick seedling is test material, all test agricultures
The cultivation condition uniformity in field.Set up eight groups of cultivation areas, every group of cultivation area kind is implanted with 50 plants of sweet potato seedlings, wherein five groups is susceptible
Sick seedling, three groups is not susceptible sweet potato seedling；1 group of blank of setting, totally five groups of embodiment 1-4 group, 1 group of blank is to feel
The sick seedling of disease is test material, does not apply the fertilizer of the present invention；Embodiment 1-4 group is with susceptible sick seedling as test material, right
The fertilizer of each embodiment preparation should be filled, apply fertilizer every month four times, each dose 3.5g/g soil；Observe embodiment 1-
The 4 anti-sweet potato black rot fertilizers being obtained are to the effect preventing and treating sweet potato black rot.
In addition, 2 groups of blank of setting, embodiment 1 ' group, totally three groups of 5 groups of embodiment, 2 groups of blank is not with susceptible
Sweet potato seedling is test material, does not apply the fertilizer of the present invention, and embodiment 1 ' group and 5 groups of embodiment with not susceptible sweet potato seedling are
Test material, the fertilizer of landfill embodiment 1 and embodiment 5 preparation, applies fertilizer four every month respectively, each dose 3.5g/g
Soil；
After one 15th day of a month of plantation, in each cultivation area of observed and recorded, the aerial partss of the incidence of Rhizoma Dioscoreae esculentae and Rhizoma Dioscoreae esculentae is fresh
Weight, the fresh weight of tuber.If leaf color is light, basal part of stem grows that pitchy is oval or rhombus scab, slightly concave fall into, or have Lycoperdon polymorphum Vitt mould
Layer, after gradually produce black setiform thing and powder, basal part of stem blade turns yellow and comes off, and under ground portion blackening is rotted, or children
The withered symptom of Seedling, then be counted as having infected sweet potato black rot.Statistical result see table：
Diseased plant rate=diseased plant number/investigation total strain number × 100%；
The anti-sweet potato black rot fertilizer of table 1 is to sweet potato black rot prevention effect
| Blank control group 1 | 1 group of embodiment | 2 groups of embodiment | 3 groups of embodiment | 4 groups of embodiment | |
| Diseased plant number | 50 | 5 | 16 | 19 | 28 |
| Total strain number | 50 | 50 | 50 | 50 | 50 |
| Diseased plant rate % | 100% | 10% | 32% | 38% | 56% |
The anti-sweet potato black rot fertilizer of table 2 is to the impact to growth of sweet potato
| Aerial partss fresh weight g | Tuber fresh weight g | |
| 2 groups of blank | 205 | 65 |
| Embodiment 1 ' group | 325 | 103 |
| 5 groups of embodiment | 245 | 81 |
The as shown by data of table 1-2, compared with blank 1 group, the anti-sweet potato black rot fertilizer of embodiment of the present invention 1-3 can be notable
Reduce the sickness rate of sweet potato black rot, significantly prevent and treat sweet potato black rot, the prevention effect of sweet potato black rot is most preferably implemented
The anti-sweet potato black rot fertilizer of example 1；From the as shown by data of table 2, compared with blank 2 groups, the anti-Rhizoma Dioscoreae esculentae black speck of the embodiment of the present invention 1
The fresh weight of its aerial parts of sick fertilizer and tuber all has and significantly increases weight, and illustrates have through the organic fertilizer that the present invention prepares
There are very high nutritional labeling and antifungal effective ingredient, two kinds of compositions combine, the physics and chemistry knot of soil not only can be effectively improved
Structure, for the soil various organic and mineral nutrition of supplement, optimize structure of soil microbial community, the growth promoter of Semen Maydiss is risen significantly
Facilitation, and sweet potato black rot can be prevented and treated, the formula of embodiment 1 and preparation technology are the optimum embodiment party of the present invention
Formula, it prevents and treats melasma and the effect of promotion Rhizoma Dioscoreae esculentae growing way is ideal.
In addition, in terms of the data of table 1, although 4 groups of embodiment also can reduce the sickness rate of sweet potato black rot, its effect
The effect that fruit does not have embodiment 1-3 is good；
The difference that embodiment 4 is compared with embodiment 1 is in preparation method, is characterized in particular in step（1）In compound enzyme use
Amount and mass ratio are different.The consumption of the compound enzyme in embodiment 4 and the different restriction model all using in the present invention of mass ratio
Outside enclosing, can be seen that the sickness rate of embodiment 4 apparently higher than embodiment 1-3 from the data of form, the consumption of compound enzyme is described
And mass ratio has a considerable influence to the extraction of antifungal effective ingredient of the present invention, the present invention use by cellulase and fruit
The mass ratio of glue enzyme is 1:2.5 compound enzymes being combined into, its consumption is every gram of medicinal residues of 5.5mg/, and the selection antagonism of this compound enzyme is true
The extraction of bacterium active component is effectively.
In terms of the data of table 2, compared with 2 groups of blank, although 5 groups of embodiment also can promote Rhizoma Dioscoreae esculentae aerial partss and ground
The growing way of lower tuber, assumes growth trend, but the effect that its effect does not have embodiment 1 ' group is good；Embodiment 5 and embodiment 1
The difference comparing is in preparation method, is characterized in particular in step（2）In the antibacterial of compound bacteria, funguses and actinomycetic volume
Outside the restriction scope using in the present invention, can be seen that aerial partss and the ground of the Rhizoma Dioscoreae esculentae of embodiment 5 from the data of form
The growing way of lower tuber is less than embodiment 1 ', and the composite microbial system in present invention screening is described（Antibacterial, funguses and actinomycetic volume ratio
1:（1-2）:（2-3）Mixed biologic preventing and treating bacterium）Under effect, fertilizer quality more preferably, can be effectively improved the physics and chemistry knot of soil
Structure, for the soil various organic and mineral nutrition of supplement, optimize structure of soil microbial community, remarkably promote the aerial partss of Rhizoma Dioscoreae esculentae
With tuber growing way, the growth promoter of Rhizoma Dioscoreae esculentae is played a driving role.
It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that can technical scheme as described above and design, make other various
Corresponding change and deformation, and all these change and deformation all should belong to the protection domain of the claims in the present invention
Within.
Claims (10)
1. the anti-sweet potato black rot fertilizer prepared for raw material with Chinese medicine dreg is it is characterised in that Chinese medicine by following weight portion
Medicinal residues, after Enzymatic Extraction, carry out compost treatment and form：Scorpio medicinal residues 2-4 part, Pericarpium Citri tangerinae medicinal residues 3-6 part, Semen Cassiae medicinal residues 3-6
Part, Flos Caryophylli medicinal residues 5-7 part, Herba Artemisiae Scopariae medicinal residues 2-4 part, Cortex Magnoliae Officinalis medicinal residues 1-5 part.
2. the anti-sweet potato black rot fertilizer prepared for raw material with Chinese medicine dreg according to claim 1 it is characterised in that
By following weight portion Chinese medicine dreg after Enzymatic Extraction, carry out compost treatment and form：Scorpio medicinal residues 2-3 part, Pericarpium Citri tangerinae medicinal residues 4-6
Part, Semen Cassiae medicinal residues 4-5 part, Flos Caryophylli medicinal residues 5-6 part, Herba Artemisiae Scopariae medicinal residues 2-3 part, Cortex Magnoliae Officinalis medicinal residues 1-4 part.
3. the anti-sweet potato black rot fertilizer prepared for raw material with Chinese medicine dreg according to claim 1 it is characterised in that
By following weight portion Chinese medicine dreg after Enzymatic Extraction, carry out compost treatment and form：2.5 parts of Scorpio medicinal residues, Pericarpium Citri tangerinae medicinal residues 4
Part, 4.5 parts of Semen Cassiae medicinal residues, 5.5 parts of Flos Caryophylli medicinal residues, 2.8 parts of Herba Artemisiae Scopariae medicinal residues, 2.6 parts of Cortex Magnoliae Officinalis medicinal residues.
4. a kind of preparation side of the anti-sweet potato black rot fertilizer prepared with Chinese medicine dreg for raw material as claimed in claim 1
Method is it is characterised in that comprise the steps：
（1）Enzymatic Extraction：Weigh the Pericarpium Citri tangerinae medicinal residues of formula ratio, Semen Cassiae medicinal residues, Flos Caryophylli medicinal residues, Herba Artemisiae Scopariae medicinal residues, Cortex Magnoliae Officinalis medicinal residues, point
Do not pulverized, taken each Chinese medicine dreg powder, added 70% ethanol solution that pH value is 5.5-5.8, liquid ratio is 1:18（w/v）,
At 70 DEG C, heating in water bath, to constant temperature, is subsequently adding compound enzyme, after stirring 0.5 hour, digests 0.5-1.5 hour, filters, separates
Chinese medicine filtering residue and filtrate are standby；
（2）Composting process：
Take step（1）The Chinese medicine filtering residue obtaining and Scorpio medicinal residues, as compost material, inoculate composite microbial system, described composite microbial system
Inoculum concentration and compost material according to mass fraction 5.5% mix；It is placed in closed compost reactor, sent out using high-temperature aerobic
Ferment, is aerated oxygen supply by the Aeration tank of reactor bottom, controls venting flow rate in 9- by rotor type gas flowmeter
10.5L/min;Enter detection and the record of trip temperature by the temperature sensor being arranged in closed compost reactor, control anti-
Temperature in device is answered in 40-45 DEG C, to ferment 15 days；
（3）Mixing：
By step（1）The filtrate obtaining adds to step（2）In Chinese medicine filtering residue after fermentation, obtain final product anti-sweet potato black rot organic
Fertile.
5. the preparation method of the anti-sweet potato black rot fertilizer prepared for raw material with Chinese medicine dreg according to claim 4,
It is characterized in that, step（1）Described in compound enzyme consumption be every gram of medicinal residues of 4.5-6.3mg/；Described compound enzyme is by cellulase
With pectase composition, cellulase is 1 with the mass ratio of pectase：2-3.
6. the preparation method of the anti-sweet potato black rot fertilizer prepared for raw material with Chinese medicine dreg according to claim 5,
It is characterized in that, step（1）Described in compound enzyme consumption be every gram of medicinal residues of 5.5 mg/；Described compound enzyme by cellulase with
Pectase forms, and cellulase is 1 with the mass ratio of pectase:2.5.
7. the preparation method of the anti-sweet potato black rot fertilizer prepared for raw material with Chinese medicine dreg according to claim 4,
It is characterized in that, step（2）Described in composite microbial system be antibacterial, funguses and actinomycetes with volume ratio 1:（1-2）:（2-3）Mixed
The biological control agentses closing.
8. the preparation method of the anti-sweet potato black rot fertilizer prepared for raw material with Chinese medicine dreg according to claim 7,
It is characterized in that, described antibacterial be bacterial strain HS-2, bacterial strain HSL, bacterial strain LA-6, bacterial strain LS-11, bacterial strain LS-14, bacterial strain WS-1,
One of bacterial strain WS-4, strain X M-3, strain X M-8.
9. the preparation method of the anti-sweet potato black rot fertilizer prepared for raw material with Chinese medicine dreg according to claim 7,
It is characterized in that, described funguses be bacterial strain BB-1, bacterial strain BB-2, bacterial strain BB-3, bacterial strain LM-1, bacterial strain LS-7, bacterial strain LS-12,
One of bacterial strain LX-12, bacterial strain SLT-15, bacterial strain TS-7, bacterial strain WB-1, bacterial strain WB-2, bacterial strain WB-3.
10. the preparation method of the anti-sweet potato black rot fertilizer prepared for raw material with Chinese medicine dreg according to claim 7,
It is characterized in that, described actinomycetes are bacterial strain LA-4, bacterial strain LA-7, bacterial strain LA-9, bacterial strain LA-10, bacterial strain LX-1, bacterial strain MG-
1st, one of bacterial strain SP-1.
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Cited By (1)
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| CN108849960A (en) * | 2018-07-23 | 2018-11-23 | 江苏师范大学 | Anti- Ceratocystis fimbriata bacterium compound essential oil preparation, preparation method and its application in prevention and treatment sweet potato black rot |
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| CN101274866A (en) * | 2008-05-08 | 2008-10-01 | 李玉珠 | Insecticidal bioorganic fertilizer |
| CN101318854A (en) * | 2008-07-15 | 2008-12-10 | 江西汇仁药业有限公司 | Organic fertilizer prepared with traditional Chinese medicine slag |
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| CN108849960A (en) * | 2018-07-23 | 2018-11-23 | 江苏师范大学 | Anti- Ceratocystis fimbriata bacterium compound essential oil preparation, preparation method and its application in prevention and treatment sweet potato black rot |
| CN108849960B (en) * | 2018-07-23 | 2020-11-27 | 江苏师范大学 | Compound essential oil preparation for resisting sweet potato chayote, preparation method thereof and application thereof in preventing and treating black spot of sweet potato |
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