CN104230606A - Chinese herbal medicine residue organic compound fertilizer for reducing nitrogen and phosphorus leakage of vegetable field soil and preparation method of Chinese herbal medicine residue organic compound fertilizer - Google Patents
Chinese herbal medicine residue organic compound fertilizer for reducing nitrogen and phosphorus leakage of vegetable field soil and preparation method of Chinese herbal medicine residue organic compound fertilizer Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a Chinese herbal medicine residue organic compound fertilizer for reducing nitrogen and phosphorus leakage of vegetable field soil and a preparation method of the Chinese herbal medicine residue organic compound fertilizer. The vegetable field is a sand dust field or a plaster field. The organic compound fertilizer comprises 100 parts of base fertilizer and 100 parts of topdressing fertilizer; the base fertilizer and the topdressing fertilizer are both granular and each of the base fertilizer and the topdressing fertilizer comprises an inner layer composed of Chinese herbal medicine residue organic fertilizers and elementary-substance chemical fertilizers and an outer layer which is made up of Chinese herbal medicine residue organic fertilizers; the inner diameter of the grains is 1.0-2.0mm, and the sum of the inner diameter and the outer diameter is 2.5-4.0mm. The Chinese herbal medicine residue organic compound fertilizer is produced by a high-temperature constant-temperature composting process by adopting a two-step process, wherein when a ratio of sludge to the Chinese herbal medicine residue is 15 to 5, the composting time is 7 days, the materials are turned over 5 times, and GI(%) and H2O(%) reach 81 and 29 respectively; and based on this, the special pollutant-reducing compound fertilizer for the vegetable fields such as the sand dust field and the plaster field is produced. The compound fertilizer can be used for increasing the yield and controlling the non-point source pollution of nitrogen and phosphor.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to agricultural fertilizer field, being specifically related to a kind of Chinese herb residues organic composite fertilizer for reducing horticultural vegetable field soil nitrogen phosphorus seepage and preparation method thereof.
Background technology
Herbal medicine is traditional medicine and the healthcare products of China, and demand is increasing, and the dregs of a decoction of generation are landfilled because not having suitable purposes.Although there is scholar to utilize the dregs of a decoction with traditional composting process, compost is for up to 30-50 days, and cost is high, and the dregs of a decoction still can not get actual utilization.
On the other hand, growing vegetables requires higher to soil and fertilising, and at present, causes the problem of soil quality reduction and valley eutrophication still to lack the materialization product that can play prevention and control effect to excessive simple substance chemistry fertilizer of using.Chinese herb residues compoiste fertilizer possesses the raising soil organism, promotes that vegetables absorb the functions such as simple substance chemical fertilizer, and therefore, we have made years of researches in Chinese herb residues compoiste fertilizer minimizing horticultural vegetable field soil nitrogen phosphorus seepage, promotion nitrogen phosphorus nutrition absorption etc.
In China's agriculture production, growing vegetables has very important status; Fujian Province's Annual planting area reaches 700,000 hm
2above, be distributed widely in the whole province various places, soil type complexity is various, but grey Shatian and plaster field two kinds of soil types that to be distribution area maximum.Ash Shatian soil content is comparatively large, and quality is comparatively thick, and soil fertilizer ability is poor, and nitrogen phosphorus easily outflows with water; Plaster field soil clay particle content is higher, and quality is comparatively thin, has good fertilizer-preserving ability to nitrogen, phosphorus nutrient.Field of vegetables nitrogen phosphorus excessively accumulates because irrational cropping system and excessive fertilization cause.The best nutrient management in farmland requires that fertilizer and moisture supply synchronous with crop demand, but the irrigation and drainage system of China's most area does not also match, and have impact on generally application and the effect of this method.In engineering measure, because China has a large population and a few land, cultivated land resource is in short supply, is difficult to vacate enough cultivated areas and builds farmland buffer strip or reserve enough areas construction wetland, hold the nitrogen phosphorus nutrient of surplus.Relevant expert analyzes and points out, China had both made the basin having become water pollution major cause in widespread pollution from the overuse of fertilizers and pesticides in rural area at present, still based on end-of-pipe control engineering constructions such as river mouth, areas, river course.Owing to not following the fundamental principle that widespread pollution from the overuse of fertilizers and pesticides in rural area controls, result makes basin pollution treatment cause larger difficulty.Therefore; according to the fundamental principle that widespread pollution from the overuse of fertilizers and pesticides in rural area controls; namely fertilizer Sources controlling principle is carried out; easy and easy handling under researching and proposing applicable edaphic condition and not affecting vegetable grower's economic benefit prerequisite dirty fertilizer product falls; to the accumulation of nitrogen phosphorus and the loss concentration that generally reduce horticultural vegetable field soil type; promote Sustainable Development of Vegetable Industry and agriculture environmental protection, there is important scientific value.
Summary of the invention
Main purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of Chinese herb residues organic composite fertilizer for reducing horticultural vegetable field soil nitrogen phosphorus seepage and preparation method thereof.
The technical solution adopted for the present invention to solve the technical problems is:
For reducing a Chinese herb residues organic composite fertilizer for horticultural vegetable field soil nitrogen phosphorus seepage, it is characterized in that, described field of vegetables is grey Shatian or plaster field, and this compoiste fertilizer is divided into base manure and the two portions that topdress, each 100 parts; Base manure is all particulate state with topdressing, and be divided into internal layer and layer structure, wherein these fertilizer skins are all Chinese herb residues fertilizer, internal layer is made up of Chinese herb residues fertilizer and simple substance chemistry fertilizer, described particle internal diameter is 1.0 ~ 2.0mm, and internal-and external diameter amounts to 2.5 ~ 4.0mm, comprises by weight:
Described organic composite fertilizer is as grey Shatian or plaster field fertilizer special for vegetable, and wherein, base manure or the organic content of topdressing are all 30-35%, and topdress 100 parts, compound manure: wherein N 10 parts, K
2o 7.0-13.0 part; 100 parts, base manure compound manure: wherein P
2o
53-5 part.
For reducing a Chinese herb residues organic composite fertilizer for horticultural vegetable field soil nitrogen phosphorus seepage, it is characterized in that, described field of vegetables is grey Shatian, and this compoiste fertilizer is divided into base manure and the two portions that topdress, each 100 parts; Base manure is all particulate state with topdressing, and be divided into internal layer and layer structure, wherein these fertilizer skins are all Chinese herb residues fertilizer, internal layer is made up of Chinese herb residues fertilizer and simple substance chemistry fertilizer, described particle internal diameter is 1.0 ~ 2.0mm, and internal-and external diameter amounts to 2.5 ~ 4.0mm, comprises by weight:
Described organic composite fertilizer is as grey Shatian cabbage dish special fertilizer, and base manure or the organic content of topdressing are all 35%, and grey Shatian cabbage dish topdresses 100 parts, compound manure: wherein N 10 parts, K
2o 13.0 parts; Ash Shatian cabbage dish base manure compound manure 100 parts: wherein P
2o
53 parts.
For reducing a Chinese herb residues organic composite fertilizer for horticultural vegetable field soil nitrogen phosphorus seepage, it is characterized in that, described field of vegetables is plaster field, and this compoiste fertilizer is divided into base manure and the two portions that topdress, each 100 parts; Base manure is all particulate state with topdressing, and be divided into internal layer and layer structure, wherein these fertilizer skins are all Chinese herb residues fertilizer, internal layer is made up of Chinese herb residues fertilizer and simple substance chemistry fertilizer, described particle internal diameter is 1.0 ~ 2.0mm, and internal-and external diameter amounts to 2.5 ~ 4.0mm, comprises by weight:
Described organic composite fertilizer is as plaster field mater convolvulus special fertilizer, and base manure or the organic content of topdressing are all 30%, and plaster field mater convolvulus is topdressed 100 parts, compound manure: wherein N 10 parts, K
2o 7.0 parts; Plaster field mater convolvulus base manure compound manure 100 parts: wherein P
2o
55.0 part.
Be positioned at N, K of internal layer
2o or P
2o
5in, simple substance nitrogenous fertilizer preferably uses ammonium nitrate, and simple substance potash fertilizer preferably uses Repone K, and phosphate fertilizer is preferably calcium superphosphate.
For reducing a preparation method for the Chinese herb residues organic composite fertilizer of horticultural vegetable field soil nitrogen phosphorus seepage, comprise the steps:
1) mud, Chinese herb residues are made into the raw material of 15:3-7 (w/w), water ratio 55-65%, pH7-8, add 5-10% (w/w) bacillus natto compost amendment;
2) adopt groove pool static stirring ventilation composting mode, high temperature constant temperature compost, wherein, 0h to the 48-60h time period circulate blow, in good time hot blast and blow off wind, make material medial temperature at 51-54 DEG C; In good time by complete for material stirring after 48-60h, circulate blowing, in good time hot blast and blow off wind in 60h to the 240h time period, make substrate medial temperature at 56-59 DEG C; Its stirring number of times and compost time is determined according to the organic change of material digest process, temperature fluctuation amplitude, rate of emergence index;
3) adopt granulating disc granulation, granulation conditions is: the raw material preheating time is 10 ~ 30min, and temperature controlling range is 40 ~ 60 DEG C, flow 650-750 ㎏/h, Boiler pressure control 1200-1400m
3/ h; Fertilizer is made as particulate state, is divided into internal layer and layer structure, described particle internal diameter is 1.0 ~ 2.0mm, and internal-and external diameter amounts to 2.5 ~ 4.0mm; Wherein these fertilizer skins are all fertilizer, and wherein these fertilizer skins are all Chinese herb residues fertilizer, and internal layer is made up of Chinese herb residues fertilizer and simple substance chemistry fertilizer.
Wherein, mud of the present invention comprises herding mud, ight soil, municipal sludge (especially herding sewage farm mud) etc.
Wherein, Chinese herb residues of the present invention comprises south, north medicinal material, the Chinese medicine dreg of especially southern medicinal material.In a preferred embodiment, dregs of a decoction major portion is Radix Rehmanniae Preparata 5-15%, dried rhizome of rehmannia 5-15%, Radix Angelicae Sinensis 10-20%, Tree Peony Bark 15-25%, rhizoma alismatis 5-15%, Leafy twigs of Oriental Arborvitae 5-15%, mulberry leaf 5-15%.
In a preferred embodiment, step 1) mud, Chinese herb residues are made into 15:5 (w/w), the raw material of water ratio 55-65%, pH7-8.
Bacillus natto (Bacillus natto) commercialization at present that the present invention is used, can be obtained by purchase.It is subspecies of subtilis, and Bacillus natto has probiotics that is acidproof, heat-resistant quality, and having effect of degradation of fibers, protein, is one of probiotics of animal, is widely used as the microbe additive of feed.The present invention is then applied to as starter in sludge composting, and the pathogenic bacteria rejection ability of the brute force that the present invention utilizes it to have, can produce acid, regulates flora, by the effect of sludge fermentation and Bacillus natto, makes sewage sludge harmlessness.The present invention also utilizes Bacillus natto to generate multiple protein enzyme (particularly Sumizyme MP), saccharifying enzyme, lipase, amylase, the carbohydrate of some complexity of degrading plant impurity, thus improves the transformation efficiency of mud.
Advantage of the present invention is as follows:
The present invention adopts two step aerobic compost methods, coordinate the use of amendment, 30-50 days time of becoming thoroughly decomposed of traditional dregs of a decoction can be reduced to maximum 240h (10 days, in a preferred embodiment, only need 7 days), shorten fermentation period, substantially increase composting efficiency, improve the processing power of mud and the dregs of a decoction, and processing cost is low.
Fertilizer adopts the structure of ectonexine, the mineral manure of internal layer can be made to be surrounded by outer field fertilizer, play the effect of part slowly-releasing, reduces and runs off, increase operation rate.
The field test of Chinese herb residues compoiste fertilizer shows, more soil ulmin is contained in the vegetable plot of using Chinese herb residues compoiste fertilizer of the present invention, thus improves soil viscosifying power; Can significantly improve cabbage dish and mater convolvulus output, cabbage dish stimulation ratio on grey Shatian reaches 59.8%; Mater convolvulus stimulation ratio on plaster field is 22.3%.
Promote nitrogen phosphorus nutrition absorption, reduce nitrogen phosphorus fertilizer loss: 1) at the best nitrogen phosphoris and potassium fertilizer ratio N:P of cabbage dish
2o
5: K
2o is 1:0.3:1.3, and nitrogen now, phosphorus nutrients uptake amounts are the highest, are respectively 201.9kg/hm
2and 52.8kg/hm
2; This season nitrogen and phosphorous fertilizer loss amount is minimum, and nitrogenous fertilizer this season loss amount is only 151.8kg/hm
2, phosphate fertilizer is then zero (minusing calculating); 2) when the best nitrogen phosphoris and potassium fertilizer ratio of mater convolvulus is 1:0.5:0.7, now the absorbing nitrogen amount of mater convolvulus reaches 66.5kg/hm
2, with most high-selenium corn amount 68.3kg/hm
2close; P acquisition amount is the highest, reaches 13.0kg/hm
2.Take temperature from the loss of nitrogen and phosphorous fertilizer this season, nitrogen loss is less, and phosphorus element loss amount is minimum, is respectively 139.0kg/hm
2and 33.1kg/hm
2.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1
Sludge source is in Xiamen, Fujian Province Yin Xiang plant.
Chinese medicine slag is originated Xiamen Chinese Medicine Co., Ltd; The dregs of a decoction are mainly containing Radix Rehmanniae Preparata 10%, the dried rhizome of rehmannia 15%, Radix Angelicae Sinensis 15%, Tree Peony Bark 20%, rhizoma alismatis 10%, Leafy twigs of Oriental Arborvitae 15%, mulberry leaf 15% (W/W).
Mud, Chinese herb residues are made in the raw material of 15:3 (w/w), water ratio 60%, pH7.7 to add 7% (w/w) bacillus natto compost amendment (commercially available, as bought to chemical engineering institute of Huaqiao University), adopt the groove pool of two step method high temperature constant temperature composting process static stirring ventilation composting mode.Circulate in 0h to the 48-60h time period and blow (in good time hot blast) and blow off wind, make material medial temperature at 52.5 DEG C.In good time by complete for material stirring after 48-60h, to circulate blowing (in good time hot blast) and blow off wind in 60h to the 240h time period, make substrate medial temperature at 57.5 DEG C; Its stirring number of times and compost time is determined according to the organic change of material digest process, temperature fluctuation amplitude (record on spot adjustment), rate of emergence index.Rate of emergence index (GI) measures and adopts cucumber seeds.
Compost major process unit: the long 15-21m in single compost groove pond, wide 4.3m, high 2.4m, lay blow and vent system at the bottom of groove pond, trough arranges stack turner and the chassis passage that switches tracks, and groove pond is arranged deodorizing vacuum fan.Coupling stack turner 1, equipment (above equipment is all commercially available, as bought to Guangdong Agricultural Machinery Research Institute) such as ventilation blower fan 2, deodorizing blower fan 1 etc.A compost groove pond can process 25 tons of mud every day.
Embodiment 2
Mud, Chinese herb residues are made in the raw material of 15:5 (w/w), water ratio 60%, pH7.7 and add 7% (w/w) bacillus natto compost amendment.All the other are substantially identical with embodiment 1.
Embodiment 3
Mud, Chinese herb residues are made in the raw material of 15:7 (w/w), water ratio 60%, pH7.7 and add 7% (w/w) bacillus natto compost amendment.All the other are substantially identical with embodiment 1.
Two step method high temperature constant temperature composting process of the present invention is the quick fertilizer industrialized producing technology of a kind of high temperature designed based on the organic principle of microbiological deterioration, the principal feature of its technique is, the technological temperature of one step aerobic compost is 52.5 DEG C (± 1.5), and the technological temperature of two step aerobic composts is 57.5 DEG C (± 1.5); Air flow adjusts according to practical situation, and general air flow is less in earlier stage, and intermediary and later stages air flow is more; Effectively can promote sludge fermentation, fermentation calefaction is fast, reduces peculiar smell.
Groove pool aerobic compost volume is comparatively large, the more bad control of the temperature of compost, oxygen level, and for this reason, the proportioning of composting material is most important, to allow air evenly contact fully with raw material, could improve composting efficiency.Result shows, the proportioning of embodiment 2 mud, Chinese herb residues when 15:5,7 days time of becoming thoroughly decomposed, stirring number of times 5 times, GI (%), H
2o (%) just reaches 81,29, is significantly improved than the proportioning of 15:3,15:7.The results are shown in Table 1.
The fermentation results contrast of table 1 embodiment 1-3 proportioning
Embodiment 1-3 result: adopt two step method high temperature constant temperature composting process to produce Chinese herb residues fertilizer, the proportioning of mud, Chinese herb residues when 15:5 (embodiment 2), 7 days time of becoming thoroughly decomposed, stirring number of times 5 times, GI (%), H
2o (%) just reaches 81,29; This basis produces dust and sand field of vegetables and the special Jiang Wu composite fertilizer of plaster field of vegetables, and this technique is feasible in production technology, the control of nitrogen phosphorus pollution of area source, economic benefit.
The manufacture of embodiment 4 Chinese herb residues compoiste fertilizer and fertilizing method
Chinese herb residues compoiste fertilizer is particulate state, is divided into internal layer and layer structure, and wherein these fertilizer skins are all Chinese herb residues fertilizer, internal layer is made up of Chinese herb residues fertilizer and simple substance chemistry fertilizer, simple substance nitrogenous fertilizer ammonium nitrate, simple substance potash fertilizer Repone K, phosphate fertilizer is calcium superphosphate.
Its composition is with soil type, varieties of plant and adjusting.Granulating disc granulation, granulation conditions is: the raw material preheating time is 10 ~ 30min, and temperature controlling range is 40 ~ 60 DEG C, flow 700 ㎏/h, Boiler pressure control 1300m
3/ h; Described particle diameter is 2.5 ~ 4.0mm.These fertilizer are particulate state, are divided into internal layer and layer structure, and wherein these fertilizer skins are all fertilizer, and described particle internal diameter is 1.0 ~ 2.0mm, and internal-and external diameter amounts to 2.5 ~ 4.0mm.
Phosphate fertilizer in Chinese herb residues compoiste fertilizer all makees base manure and uses, and the consumption of nitrogen potash fertilizer in base manure accounts for 50% of total rate of fertilizer application, and remaining nitrogen potash fertilizer topdresses and uses, and divides 1 time or divides 2 times equally and carry out.
Embodiment 5 Chinese herb residues compoiste fertilizer is on the impact of the percolating water concentration of nitrogen and phosphorus of growing vegetables
Select in two kinds of maximum soil types of Fujian distribution area, namely grey Shatian and plaster field are as supplying examination soil.Wherein, the soil texture in grey Shatian is comparatively thick, and sediment concentration is comparatively large, agriculture production shows the Lou fertilizer that leaks usually, environmental protection then easily outflows with water for nitrogen phosphorus; Plaster field soil clay particle content is moderate, and the soil texture is sticky earth in being, agriculture production has good preserve moisture and fertility function, has stronger surge capability to nitrogen phosphorus nutrient.
Supply examination vegetables to be receive Brassica oleracea L.var.capitata and mater convolvulus respectively, different treatment is in table 2.Experimental field be separately positioned on the Vegetable produce base of Nan'an's cabbage dish and Pinghe County mater convolvulus.The confession examination soil of cabbage dish is grey Shatian, and test period is in year March in December, 2011 to 2014; The confession examination soil of mater convolvulus is plaster field, and test period is year November in September, 2011 to 2013.Test establishes 3 repetitions, plot area 20m
2, random district group arranges.By arithmetic mean number process experimental data.
Table 2 Chinese herb residues compoiste fertilizer is to the Plant plane of cabbage dish and mater convolvulus
1.5 sampling and measuring methods
Each test gets a basic soil sample 12kg before implementing, by processing and repeating respectively to get a soil sample 12kg after off-test.The main fertility index of foundation soil (ASI method) of each test point is in table 3.
The measuring method of Plant samples nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium content is H
2sO
4-H
2o
2disappear and boil, measure with distillation method, the yellow colorimetry of vanadium molybdenum and flare photometer respectively.Soil percolation water NO
3 -the measuring method of-N, total P concentration is respectively NO
3 --N ultraviolet spectrophotometry, total P is sulfuric acid-perchloric acid oxidation-molybdenum antimony anti-colorimetric ultraviolet-visible photometer measuring method.
Table 3 is basic soil sample measurement result (ASI method) experimental field
Chinese herb residues compoiste fertilizer is on the impact of the percolating water concentration of nitrogen and phosphorus of growing vegetables
1, Chinese herb residues compoiste fertilizer is on the impact for examination vegetable crop
The field test of Chinese herb residues compoiste fertilizer shows, the vegetable plot of using Chinese herb residues compoiste fertilizer is contained more soil ulmin thus improves soil clay particle content.Grey Shatian plantation cabbage, along with the organic content of Chinese herb residues compoiste fertilizer increases, vegetable crop also significantly increases; But after organic content reaches 35%, then increase organic content, vegetable increase production is just not obvious.In plaster field plantation mater convolvulus, along with the organic content of Chinese herb residues compoiste fertilizer increases, vegetable crop also significantly increases; But after organic content reaches 30%, then increase organic content, vegetable increase production is just not obvious.
Chinese herb residues compoiste fertilizer to the test-results of cabbage dish and mater convolvulus output in table 4.
Table 4 Chinese herb residues compoiste fertilizer is on the impact of output, N. P. K absorption and percolating water concentration of nitrogen and phosphorus
Note: the oven dry rate of cabbage dish is 12.0%.Mater convolvulus oven dry rate is 10.0%.
No matter consider from vegetable crop and economic benefit: the results of analysis of variance shows, be grey Shatian or plaster field, increase in three elements potash fertilizer usage ratio to cabbage dish and and mater convolvulus output have the effect of increasing production of conspicuous level.On grey Shatian, the maximum effect of increasing production of cabbage dish is process (7), and stimulation ratio reaches 59.8%; On plaster field, the maximum effect of increasing production of mater convolvulus is process (4), and stimulation ratio is 22.3%.By every kg N, P
2o
5, K
2o is respectively 4.3 yuan, 5.0 yuan and 6.0 yuan, and often kg cabbage dish and mater convolvulus are respectively the average market valency calculating of 2 yuan, deduction fertilizer cost and clear area production benefit, it is the highest that the having a net increase of of cabbage dish process (7) and mater convolvulus process (4) receives number, reaches 122776.7 yuan/hm respectively
2with 56296.0 yuan/hm
2.
Therefore, the best nitrogen phosphoris and potassium fertilizer ratio N:P of cabbage dish fertilising
2o
5: K
2o is 1:0.3:1.3, and mater convolvulus is then 1:0.5:0.7.
2, Chinese herb residues compoiste fertilizer is on the impact for examination vegetables nitrogen phosphorus absorbed dose and loss amount
According to crop yield and the nitrogen and phosphorus content measurement result thereof of each test process, calculate the cabbage dish of different treatment and the uptake N and P of mater convolvulus, the results are shown in Table 4.Along with Potassium Fertilizer ratio from low to high, for examination vegetable crop improve gradually, uptake N and P also constantly increases, but Potassium Fertilizer is too high, also there will be because be unfavorable for mater convolvulus growth and cause the situation that nitrogen phosphorus absorbed dose declines.Test-results shows, the suitable K Amounts of cabbage dish is process (7), and nitrogen now, phosphorus nutrients uptake amounts are the highest, are respectively 201.9kg/hm
2and 52.8kg/hm
2; This season nitrogen and phosphorous fertilizer loss amount is minimum, and loss of nitrogen fertilizer amount is only 151.8kg/hm
2, phosphate fertilizer is then zero on minusing herein calculates.The suitable K Amounts of mater convolvulus is process (4), and now the absorbing nitrogen amount of mater convolvulus reaches 66.5kg/hm
2, with most high-selenium corn amount 68.3kg/hm
2close; P acquisition amount is the highest, reaches 13.0kg/hm
2.Take temperature from the loss of nitrogen and phosphorous fertilizer this season, the nitrogen loss of mater convolvulus process (4) is less, and phosphorus element loss amount is minimum, is respectively 139.0kg/hm
2and 33.1kg/hm
2.
Visible, suitable N P and K proportioning significantly can promote growing and improving yield level of cabbage dish and mater convolvulus, promotes nitrogen phosphorus nutrition absorption, reduces nitrogen phosphorus fertilizer loss.The optimum N of the fertilising of cabbage dish and mater convolvulus: P
2o
5: K
2o ratio is respectively 1:0.3:1.3 and 1:0.5:0.7 equally.
3 Chinese herb residues compoiste fertilizers are on the impact of earth pillar percolating water concentration of nitrogen and phosphorus
When testing vegetables results, gathering the topsoil soil sample of each process community, taking back laboratory and carry out the test of earth pillar percolating water, measure nitric nitrogen and total phosphorus concentration in percolating water, the results are shown in Table 4.Measurement result shows, with NPK
0process is compared, and along with the raising of Potassium Fertilizer, because nitrogen phosphorus absorbed dose increases, nitrogen phosphorus fertilizer this season loss amount constantly reduces, and earth pillar percolating water nitric nitrogen and total phosphorus concentration constantly decline; But when mater convolvulus Potassium Fertilizer is excessive, is unfavorable for growth and nitrogen phosphorus nutrition absorption, adds this season loss amount of nitrogen phosphorus fertilizer on the contrary, improve earth pillar percolating water nitric nitrogen and total phosphorus concentration.
In the N P and K fertilization ratio process of economic benefit the best, namely cabbage dish test process (7) gather in the crops time earth pillar percolating water nitric nitrogen and total phosphorus concentration be respectively 289.4mg/L and 0.288mg/L; Mater convolvulus test process (4) is then respectively 234.7mg/L and 0.432mg/L.Compared with other N P and K proportioning process, topsoil earth pillar percolating water concentration of nitrogen and phosphorus all reaches minimum value.
The field test results of Chinese herb residues compoiste fertilizer shows, the vegetable plot of using Chinese herb residues compoiste fertilizer is contained more humus thus improves soil clay particle content; Suitable fertilizer, N P and K proportioning and rate of fertilizer application can significantly improve cabbage dish and mater convolvulus output, and cabbage dish stimulation ratio on grey Shatian reaches 59.8%; Mater convolvulus stimulation ratio on plaster field is 22.3%; Promote nitrogen phosphorus nutrition absorption simultaneously, reduce nitrogen phosphorus fertilizer loss.
Cabbage dish test point gather in the crops time earth pillar percolating water nitric nitrogen and total phosphorus concentration only have 289.4mg/L and 0.288mg/L respectively, mater convolvulus test point gather in the crops time be then respectively 234.7mg/L and 0.432mg/L.Compared with other N P and K proportioning process, topsoil earth pillar percolating water concentration of nitrogen and phosphorus all reaches minimum value.Result shows, the optimum N of cabbage dish and mater convolvulus: P
2o
5: K
2o ratio is respectively 1:0.3:1.3 and 1:0.5:0.7.
Claims (7)
1. for reducing a Chinese herb residues organic composite fertilizer for horticultural vegetable field soil nitrogen phosphorus seepage, it is characterized in that, described field of vegetables is grey Shatian or plaster field, and this compoiste fertilizer is divided into base manure and the two portions that topdress, each 100 parts; Base manure is all particulate state with topdressing, and be divided into internal layer and layer structure, wherein these fertilizer skins are all Chinese herb residues fertilizer, internal layer is made up of Chinese herb residues fertilizer and simple substance chemistry fertilizer, described particle internal diameter is 1.0 ~ 2.0mm, and internal-and external diameter amounts to 2.5 ~ 4.0mm, comprises by weight:
Topdress 100 parts, compound manure: wherein N 10 parts, K
2o 7.0-13.0 part, organic content is 30-35%; 100 parts, base manure compound manure: wherein P
2o
53-5 part, organic content is 30-35%.
2. for reducing a Chinese herb residues organic composite fertilizer for horticultural vegetable field soil nitrogen phosphorus seepage, it is characterized in that, described field of vegetables is grey Shatian, and this compoiste fertilizer is divided into base manure and the two portions that topdress, each 100 parts; Base manure is all particulate state with topdressing, and be divided into internal layer and layer structure, wherein these fertilizer skins are all Chinese herb residues fertilizer, internal layer is made up of Chinese herb residues fertilizer and simple substance chemistry fertilizer, described particle internal diameter is 1.0 ~ 2.0mm, and internal-and external diameter amounts to 2.5 ~ 4.0mm, comprises by weight:
Described organic composite fertilizer is as grey Shatian cabbage dish special fertilizer, and base manure or the organic content of topdressing are all 35%, and grey Shatian cabbage dish topdresses 100 parts, compound manure: wherein N 10 parts, K
2o 13.0 parts; Ash Shatian cabbage dish base manure compound manure 100 parts: wherein P
2o
53 parts.
3. for reducing a Chinese herb residues organic composite fertilizer for horticultural vegetable field soil nitrogen phosphorus seepage, it is characterized in that, described field of vegetables is plaster field, and this compoiste fertilizer is divided into base manure and the two portions that topdress, each 100 parts; Base manure is all particulate state with topdressing, and be divided into internal layer and layer structure, wherein these fertilizer skins are all Chinese herb residues fertilizer, internal layer is made up of Chinese herb residues fertilizer and simple substance chemistry fertilizer, described particle internal diameter is 1.0 ~ 2.0mm, and internal-and external diameter amounts to 2.5 ~ 4.0mm, comprises by weight:
Described organic composite fertilizer is as plaster field mater convolvulus special fertilizer, and base manure or the organic content of topdressing are all 30%, and plaster field mater convolvulus is topdressed 100 parts, compound manure: wherein N 10 parts, K
2o 7.0 parts; Plaster field mater convolvulus base manure compound manure 100 parts: wherein P
2o
55.0 part.
4., for reducing a preparation method for the Chinese herb residues organic composite fertilizer of horticultural vegetable field soil nitrogen phosphorus seepage, comprise the steps:
1) mud, Chinese herb residues are made into the raw material of 15:3-7 (w/w), water ratio 55-65%, pH7-8, add 5-10% (w/w) bacillus natto compost amendment;
2) adopt groove pool static stirring ventilation composting mode, high temperature constant temperature compost, wherein, 0h to the 48-60h time period circulate blow, in good time hot blast and blow off wind, make material medial temperature at 51-54 DEG C; In good time by complete for material stirring after 48-60h, circulate blowing, in good time hot blast and blow off wind in 60h to the 240h time period, make substrate medial temperature at 56-59 DEG C; Its stirring number of times and compost time is determined according to the organic change of material digest process, temperature fluctuation amplitude, rate of emergence index;
3) adopt granulating disc granulation, granulation conditions is: the raw material preheating time is 10 ~ 30min, and temperature controlling range is 40 ~ 60 DEG C, flow 650-750 ㎏/h, Boiler pressure control 1200-1400m
3/ h; Fertilizer is made as particulate state, is divided into internal layer and layer structure, described particle internal diameter is 1.0 ~ 2.0mm, and internal-and external diameter amounts to 2.5 ~ 4.0mm; Wherein these fertilizer skins are all Chinese herb residues fertilizer, and internal layer is made up of Chinese herb residues fertilizer and simple substance chemistry fertilizer.
5. the preparation method of a kind of Chinese herb residues organic composite fertilizer for reducing horticultural vegetable field soil nitrogen phosphorus seepage according to claim 4, is characterized in that: described mud comprises at least one in herding mud, ight soil, municipal sludge.
6. the preparation method of a kind of Chinese herb residues organic composite fertilizer for reducing horticultural vegetable field soil nitrogen phosphorus seepage according to claim 4, is characterized in that: described Chinese herb residues comprises southern china Chinese medicinal materials, the dregs of a decoction of northern Chinese medicinal materials after extracting effective ingredient.
7. the preparation method of a kind of Chinese herb residues organic composite fertilizer for reducing horticultural vegetable field soil nitrogen phosphorus seepage according to claim 4, it is characterized in that: step 1) in, mud, Chinese herb residues are made into 15:5 (w/w), the raw material of water ratio 55-65%, pH7-8.
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| CN1472175A (en) * | 2003-07-09 | 2004-02-04 | 温廷林 | High-quality efficiency multielement organic fertilizer |
| CN101134695A (en) * | 2007-07-23 | 2008-03-05 | 王引权 | Traditional medicine source functional organic-inorganic formula fertilizer and method for making same |
| CN101318854A (en) * | 2008-07-15 | 2008-12-10 | 江西汇仁药业有限公司 | Organic fertilizer prepared with traditional Chinese medicine slag |
| CN102731195A (en) * | 2012-07-24 | 2012-10-17 | 广东福尔康化工科技股份有限公司 | Organic-inorganic compound fertilizer produced by fermented material of traditional Chinese medicine decoction dregs and method thereof |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1472175A (en) * | 2003-07-09 | 2004-02-04 | 温廷林 | High-quality efficiency multielement organic fertilizer |
| CN101134695A (en) * | 2007-07-23 | 2008-03-05 | 王引权 | Traditional medicine source functional organic-inorganic formula fertilizer and method for making same |
| CN101318854A (en) * | 2008-07-15 | 2008-12-10 | 江西汇仁药业有限公司 | Organic fertilizer prepared with traditional Chinese medicine slag |
| CN102731195A (en) * | 2012-07-24 | 2012-10-17 | 广东福尔康化工科技股份有限公司 | Organic-inorganic compound fertilizer produced by fermented material of traditional Chinese medicine decoction dregs and method thereof |
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