CN101311222A - 一种高抗冲玻纤增强工程塑料及制备方法 - Google Patents

一种高抗冲玻纤增强工程塑料及制备方法 Download PDF

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CN101311222A
CN101311222A CNA2007100282192A CN200710028219A CN101311222A CN 101311222 A CN101311222 A CN 101311222A CN A2007100282192 A CNA2007100282192 A CN A2007100282192A CN 200710028219 A CN200710028219 A CN 200710028219A CN 101311222 A CN101311222 A CN 101311222A
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汪洋
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Mitac Precision Technology Kunshan Ltd
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Abstract

本发明公开一种高抗冲玻纤增强工程塑料及制备方法，除玻璃纤维外，先将30～70份聚己内酰胺、15～25份丙烯腈－丁二烯－苯乙烯共聚物、4～6份相容剂、0.3～0.5份抗氧剂及0.3～0.6份润滑剂放入高混机内混合2～5分钟，然后将上述共混料放入双螺杆挤出机中，同时在该双螺杆挤出机的后半段加入10～30份玻璃纤维，一起混炼造粒成型，其加工温度为180～245℃，螺杆转速在240～560转/分。所制得的高抗冲玻纤增强工程塑料，具有尺寸稳定性高、机械强度大以及抗冲强度高等特性。

Description

一种高抗冲玻纤增强工程塑料及制备方法
技术领域
本发明是塑料改性处理技术领域，特别是涉及一种PA6/ABS(聚己内酰胺/丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯共聚物)合金，以及该高抗冲玻纤增强工程塑料的制备方法。
背景技术
目前，PA(Polyamide，聚酰胺)和ABS(Acrylonitrile-Butadiene-Styrene，丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯共聚物)，可综合PA的结晶性和ABS的非结晶性，所得的PA/ABS合金具有优良的成型性、低吸水性、尺寸稳定性、耐药品性、耐油性、耐热性、耐滑及耐磨损等特点，因而成为制造汽车车身壳板等汽车部件的理想材料。
PA6虽然具有耐磨、耐溶、耐油、使用温度广等优点，但也存在吸水性大、尺寸稳定性差、低温和干态冲击强度低等不足，大大限制了它的使用。将PA6与ABS共混，可制得既有ABS的韧性、又有PA6的耐热性和耐油性的合金。在电子电器、汽车、家电、体育用品等领域具有极为广阔的市场，近年来倍受关注。但是由于PA6是一种结晶性、强极性、熔体粘度很低的聚合物，而ABS是一种非结晶性、弱极性的聚合物，两者的溶解度参数相差较大，属热力学不兼容，简单的共混导致两相界面张力很大，从而造成力学性能较差。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种具有尺寸稳定性高、机械强度大以及耐热性优良等特性的高抗冲玻纤增强PA6/ABS合金。
本发明公开一种高抗冲玻纤增强工程塑料，其特征在于其组分按重量份数表示主要包括：
PA6(聚己内酰胺)                  30～70；
ABS(丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯共聚物)  15～25；
相容剂                           4～6；
玻璃纤维                         10～30；
抗氧剂                           0.3～0.5；
润滑剂                           0.3～0.6。
其中，聚己内酰胺的相对粘度为2.4～3.6帕·秒；丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯共聚物的橡胶含量为35％-70％；相容剂为丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯接枝马来酸酐(ABS-g-MAH)、苯乙烯与马来酸酐无规共聚物(SMA)或苯乙烯-马来酸酐-丙烯腈三元无规共聚物(SAM)；玻璃纤维为无碱玻璃纤维，其表面经硅烷偶联剂处理；抗氧剂为受阻酚类抗氧剂与磷酸酯类抗氧剂的复配体系，可为1010/168(1∶1)；润滑剂为引进有极性基团的乙撑双脂肪酸酰胺。
本发明的制备方法为：除玻璃纤维外，先将其它原料按比例放入高混机内混合2～5分钟，然后将上述共混料放入双螺杆挤出机中，同时在该双螺杆挤出机的后半段按比例加入玻璃纤维，一起混炼造粒成型，其加工温度为180～245℃，螺杆转速在240～560转/分。
PA6具有耐磨、耐溶、耐油、使用温度广等优点；ABS集合了苯乙烯具有的光泽性和成型性、丙烯腈具有的刚性和耐药性以及优异的机械性能以及丁二烯具有的耐冲击性；两者共混可以改善PA6的尺寸稳定性、冲击强度、耐化学性以及加工性能。
由于PA6与ABS属于热力学不相容的材料，相容剂的加入可极大地提高两者的相容性，解决热力学不相容的问题，改善合金的综合力学性能。
抗氧剂为受阻酚类抗氧剂与磷酸酯类抗氧剂的复配体系，可为1010/168(1∶1)，主要防止PA6的氧化。
玻璃纤维可显著地提高材料的耐热性能和力学性能。
润滑剂为引进有极性基团的乙撑双脂肪酸酰胺(TAF)，可以提高加工流动性，防止玻璃纤维外露。
与现有技术相比，本发明采用上述组分加工而成的高抗冲玻纤增强型工程塑料，具有尺寸稳定性高、机械强度大以及抗冲强度高等特性。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例，对本发明作进一步的详细说明：
以SAM(苯乙烯-马来酸酐-丙烯腈三元无规共聚物)为相容剂，以1010/168(1∶1)为抗氧剂，以TAF(引进有极性基团的乙撑双脂肪酸酰胺)为润滑剂。
实施例1
取PA6、ABS、SAM、1010/168(1∶1)、TAF等成分，按下述组分将所有原料放入高混机进行共混：
PA6                  65；
ABS                  18；
SAM                  4；
1010/168(1∶1)       0.4；
TAF                  0.6。
再将该共混料加入双螺杆挤出机中，同时在该双螺杆挤出机后半段加入12份的玻璃纤维一起混炼造粒，加工温度为240℃，螺杆转速为300转/分；再经注射成型制成标准样条，最后按国家标准GB13525/T-92测试所得成品的机械性能，测试结果如表1所示。
表1：实施例1所得合金性能测试数据
  高抗冲玻纤增强PA6/ABS
  缺口冲击强度(kJ/M2)   16.8
  拉伸强度(MPa)   80.7
  弯曲强度(MPa)   106.2
实施例2
取PA6、ABS、SAM、1010/168(1∶1)、TAF等成分，按下述组分将所有原料放入高混机进行共混：
PA6                   57；
ABS                   21；
SAM                   4；
1010/168(1∶1)        0.4；
TAF                   0.6。
再将该共混料加入双螺杆挤出机中，同时在该双螺杆挤出机后半段加入17份的玻璃纤维一起混炼造粒，加工温度为240℃，螺杆转速为300转/分；再经注射成型制成标准样条，最后按国家标准GB13525/T-92测试所得成品的机械性能，测试结果如表2所示。
表2：实施例2所得合金性能测试数据
  高抗冲玻纤增强型PA6/ABS
  缺口冲击强度(kJ/M2)   18.1
  拉伸强度(MPa)   82.5
  弯曲强度(MPa)   118.8
实施例3
取PA6、ABS、SAM、1010/168(1∶1)、TAF等成分，按下述组分将所有原料放入高混机进行共混：
PA6               44；
ABS               23；
SAM               4；
1010/168(1∶1)    0.4；
TAF               0.6。
再将该共混料加入双螺杆挤出机中，同时在该双螺杆挤出机后半段加入28份的玻璃纤维一起混炼造粒，加工温度为240℃，螺杆转速为300转/分；再经注射成型制成标准样条，最后按国家标准GB13525/T-92测试所得成品的机械性能，测试结果如表3所示。
表3：实施例3所得合金性能测试数据
  高抗冲玻纤增强型PA6/ABS
  缺口冲击强度(kJ/M2)   22.2
  拉伸强度(MPa)   111.1
  弯曲强度(MPa)   148.8
以上所述，本发明的上述实施方案都只能认为是对本发明的说明而不能限制本发明，权利要求书指出了本发明的范围，而上述的说明并未指出本发明的范围，因此，在与本发明的权利要求书相当的含义和范围内的任何改变，都应认为是包括在权利要求书的范围内。

Claims (10)

1、一种高抗冲玻纤增强工程塑料，其特征在于，其组分按重量份数表示主要包括：
PA6(聚己内酰胺)                  30～70；
ABS(丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯共聚物)  15～25；
相容剂                           4～6；
玻璃纤维                         10～30；
抗氧剂                           0.3～0.5；
润滑剂                           0.3～0.6。
2、根据权利要求1所述的高抗冲玻纤增强工程塑料，其特征在于：所述相容剂为丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯接枝马来酸酐、苯乙烯与马来酸酐无规共聚物或苯乙烯-马来酸酐-丙烯腈三元无规共聚物。
3、根据权利要求1所述的高抗冲玻纤增强工程塑料，其特征在于：所述PA6的相对粘度为2.4～3.6帕·秒。
4、根据权利要求1所述的高抗冲玻纤增强工程塑料，其特征在于：所述ABS中的橡胶含量为35％-70％。
5、根据权利要求1所述的高抗冲玻纤增强工程塑料，其特征在于：所述玻璃纤维为无碱玻璃纤维，其表面经硅烷偶联剂处理。
6、根据权利要求1所述的高抗冲玻纤增强工程塑料，其特征在于，所述抗氧剂包括：受阻酚类抗氧剂，可为1098；或受阻酚类抗氧剂与磷酸酯类抗氧剂的复配体系，可为1010/168(1∶1)。
7、根据权利要求1所述的高抗冲玻纤增强工程塑料，其特征在于：所述润滑剂为引进有极性基团的乙撑双脂肪酸酰胺。
8、一种高抗冲玻纤增强工程塑料的制备方法，其特征在于，包括步骤：
按重量份数比，取30～70份的PA6、15～25份的ABS、4～6份的相容剂、0.3～0.5份的抗氧剂、0.3～0.6份的润滑剂放入高混机共混2～5分钟；将上述共混料加入双螺杆挤出机中，同时在该双螺杆挤出机后半段加入10～30份的玻璃纤维一起混炼造粒成型；其中，加工温度为180～245℃，双螺杆挤出机的螺杆转速为240～560转/分。
9、根据权利要求8所述的高抗冲玻纤增强工程塑料的制备方法，其特征在于：所述PA6的相对粘度为2.4～3.6帕·秒；所述ABS中的橡胶含量为35％-70％。
10、根据权利要求8所述的高抗冲玻纤增强工程塑料的制备方法，其特征在于：所述玻璃纤维为无碱玻璃纤维，其表面经硅烷偶联剂处理；所述抗氧剂为受阻酚类抗氧剂与磷酸酯类抗氧剂的复配体系，可为1010/168(1∶1)。
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