CN101255402A - Thallus for producing biological fertilizer by employing cane sugar filter mud fermentation - Google Patents
Thallus for producing biological fertilizer by employing cane sugar filter mud fermentation Download PDFInfo
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- CN101255402A CN101255402A CNA2008100735248A CN200810073524A CN101255402A CN 101255402 A CN101255402 A CN 101255402A CN A2008100735248 A CNA2008100735248 A CN A2008100735248A CN 200810073524 A CN200810073524 A CN 200810073524A CN 101255402 A CN101255402 A CN 101255402A
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- thalline
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/20—Fertilizers of biological origin, e.g. guano or fertilizers made from animal corpses
Abstract
A cell for producing biological organic fertilizer fermented mainly by sucrose filtered mud is disclosed, which is characterized by weight percentage of components are: yeasts 30%-35%, streptomyces 30%-35%, bacillus 30%-40%. Using the inventive cell for producing biological organic fertilizer, temperature increases fast when fermenting, filtered mud in sugar factory decomposes rapidly, and produced biological organic fertilizer is stable in quality.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to utilize cane sugar filter mud fermentation to produce the preparation method of the thalline of biological organic fertilizer.
Background technology
For satisfying the ever-increasing demand of agricultural-food, from 1980 to 1999, total consumption of China's chemical fertilizer increased about 2.3 times, and average year increases by 1,500,000 tons, and total output of grain does not have corresponding amplification; Because a large amount of and the unreasonable chemical fertilizer of using, the rate of loss that makes chemical nitrogen fertilizer wherein is up to 15%-35%, and the fund and the energy are wasted in a large number, and the regional underground water that has is also contaminated, and the problem of environmental protection is more and more.
Now, Chinese government's controlling ecological environment of making a decision guarantees sustainable economic development, and a wherein important ring is exactly a develop and spread biological organic fertilizer energetically.Biological organic fertilizer is a kind of fertilizer of novel concept, it is a research object with microorganism, soil, organism, farm crop and ecotope, according to the mutual relationship between them, adopt biofermentation technique to combine with modern production technique for fertilizer, develop have fertile soil, the new-type fertilizer of special efficacies such as environmental protection, fertilizer efficiency height, high grade and yield of crops.Biological organic fertilizer mainly contains corruption plants matter and beneficial microorganism, has that surfactivity, adsorptivity are strong, the some position of ion-exchange is many, to good characteristics such as mineral nutrient complexing actions; Along with the infiltration of development of biology and new and high technology, bio-organic fertilizer has all had lifting by a relatively large margin on quality product, effect and scientific and technological content; And China's vast region organism resource is very abundant, develop bio-organic fertilizer new variety, product innovation energetically, will to produce green food, Organic food, the promotion ecological agriculture and improvement of the ecological environment, improve the soil, aspect such as water saving irrigation plays an important role.
Southern areas in China, several provinces (district) of suitable planting sugarcane become the main grown place of China's sucrose, and the sucrose industry also becomes one of pillar industry.Along with the expansion of sucrose industry, the three wastes of sugar-refining industry especially filter mud pollute more and more outstanding; Be the contaminated solution problem, occurred significantly technology of many effects.But because there are different environment and condition in different places, and different resolutions also has different relative merits, and the applicant has lofty ideals for producing and finding out a kind of obvious results technology aspect the biological organic fertilizer utilizing local peculiar resource to carry out microbial fermentation.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention provides a kind of thalline prescription that utilizes cane sugar filter mud fermentation to produce biological organic fertilizer.
The present invention solves the problems of the technologies described above with following technical scheme:
Utilize cane sugar filter mud fermentation to produce the thalline prescription of biological organic fertilizer:
Budding fungus: 30%-35%, mould fungi: 30%-35%, bacillus category: 30%-40%.
Budding fungus mainly contains yeast saccharomyces cerevisiae, candiyeast thermally.
Mould mainly contains Jingyang streptomycete, viride, aspergillus oryzae, aspergillus niger, geotrichum candidum, sporotrichum thermophile.
Genus bacillus mainly contains bacillus cereus, bacillus megaterium, bacillusmusilaginosiengineering and Rhodopseudomonas palustris.
Can also use azotobacter chroococcum.
The thalline of fermentation to produce biological fertilizer of the present invention, quick heating during fermentation, organic waste decompose rapidly, the biological organic fertilizer steady quality of producing, and for the comprehensive utilization cane sugar filter mud, turning waste into wealth provides a kind of method that takes effect very much.
Embodiment,
The present invention utilizes cane sugar filter mud fermentation to produce the biological organic fertilizer thalline, it must be simple to the requirement of nutritional condition requiring the bacterial strain of seed selection, no matter be autotrophic type or heterotroph, can both utilize its carbon, nitrogenous source and luminous energy on every side, decompose thalline material on every side and synthesize self, this decomposition course all relies on the effect of the organized enzyme of bacterium generation itself.
Through test for many years, biological organic fertilizer thalline of the present invention is mainly selected for use from following mushroom:
Yeast: comprise yeast saccharomyces cerevisiae, candiyeast thermally;
Mould: comprise Jingyang streptomycete, viride, aspergillus oryzae, aspergillus niger, geotrichum candidum, sporotrichum thermophile;
Genus bacillus: comprise bacillus cereus, bacillus megaterium, bacillusmusilaginosiengineering and Rhodopseudomonas palustris;
Also has azotobacter chroococcum.
The production formula of microbial inoculum is:
Budding fungus: 30%-35%, mould fungi: 30%-35%, bacillus category: 30%-40%.Can also add azotobacter chroococcum.
The bacterial classification that the present invention selects has following characteristic respectively:
Yeast saccharomyces cerevisiae: fecundity is strong, suppresses varied bacteria growing, guarantees the fermentation continuity; Primary Fermentation is swift and violent, and it is fast to consume sugared speed, shortens fermentation time; Fermentation fully.
The Jingyang streptomycete: the front of bacterium colony is light red to pink, and the back side is that pawpaw is yellow to the tiger fur spring, the straight or major spiral shape of fibrillae of spores, and spore surface is smooth, and indivedual spore surfaces are barbed.The phytokinin bacterial strain that mould produces at cultivating process shows that at field experiment the effect that stimulates plant growth, suppresses disease is arranged as the bacterial manure Application and Development.
Viride: be the antagonism bacterium that a strain has the biological and ecological methods to prevent plant disease, pests, and erosion potentiality.Discover that bacterial strain grows the soonest on minimum medium, temperature and pH value exert an influence significantly to mycelial growth and spore, and illumination can promote spore to produce, and trace element has certain promotion to mycelial growth, and Mn helps spore and produces.
Aspergillus oryzae: consist of wheat bran: glucose at substratum: under the condition of water=9: 1: 5, inoculation 3ml pityrosporion ovale suspension, 28 ℃ of enzymes when cultivating 72h are lived the highest.
Light mutantion line also can take place in aspergillus niger conidium fringe black, brown-black or puce, and is general big and spherical in shape, undeveloped sometimes; Conidiophore is smooth, the 1/3 band tawny on colourless or top; Big spherical in shape of top capsule, little only expands slightly, all produces stigma; Stigma individual layer or bilayer; Conidium is coarse, the normal memnonious striped of tool.Some strain system produces sclerotium.
Geotrichum candidum belongs to fungi: the bacterium colony planar diffusion, organize light and soft, oyster white.Mycelial growth fragments into columned schizogenesis spore during to certain phase.
Sporotrichum thermophile: sporotrichum thermophile has the highest xylanase activity (164.4U/g) in the bacterial strain uses therefor, wood is mould to have the highest cellulase activity and CMC enzymic activity (be respectively 12.1 and 77.2U/g), aspergillus and sporotrichum thermophile also have higher cellulase activity and CMC enzymic activity simultaneously, used aspergillus is the same with sporotrichum thermophile, is fit to do the microorganism of fiber degradation.
Candiyeast thermally: bacterium colony smooth surface, moistening and sticky, similar to the bacterium colony of some bacterium, but general bigger and thick than the bacterium colony of bacterium.Yeast cell is grown in the surface of substratum, and thalline is provoked easily.Some yeast surface is a dry powdery, and some is planted incubation time and has grown, and bacterium colony is shrunk, and also some kind can form concentric annular etc.
Bacillus cereus: bacillus cereus is the Gram-positive escherichia coli, is short chain or long-chain.This bacterium can exist with spore form under the adverse environment condition, and high temperature resistant (100 ℃), acid and alkali-resistance, anti-extruding and heatproof degree change, and can stand the influence of granulated fertilizer processing, satisfies the requirement of fertilizer processing.Exist with spore form at storage, be in hibernation, do not consume the nutritive ingredient of fertilizer, do not influence the fertilizer quality, the quality of fertilizer is guaranteed.Bacillus cereus can produce multiple enzyme (as proteolytic enzyme, amylase, lipase) and nutritive substance (as multiple amino acids and vitamin substances).
Bacillus megaterium: this bacterial strain has the intensive antagonistic action to the multiple kinds of crops harmful fungoid, antibacterial substance is a kind of protein of this bacterium excretory, field test results shows: antimicrobial spectrum shows that crop rhizoctonia solani, sheath blight fungus, total eclipse germ, the false monospore bacillus of eggplant, wilt, verticillium wilt pathogen, bacterial leaf spot pathogenic bacteria, root nodule reaping hook germ are all had stronger restraining effect.
Azotobacter chroococcum: be a kind in the Azotobacter, gram negative bacillus, cell are big oval, and 2 microns * 5 microns of sizes are in pairs normal, and the peritrichous motion does not form gemma, but can form heavy-walled sporangiocyst and pod membrane mucus.Do not produce water miscible pigment, but the grower on nutrient agar has distinctive non-water-soluble brown pigment, this pigment time length of some bacterial strain can become black.Cell contains many granules, and there is pod membrane the thalline outside.The thalli morphology that it should be noted that azotobacter chroococcum is changeable, and the children is shaft-like during age, and cell Individual existence or two connections are " 8 " font, aged cell shortens, ovalize or circle.Different azotobacter chroococcum bacterial strain nitrogen fixation have notable difference, and low bacterial strain utilizes only fixing 5 milligrams of nitrogens of 1 gram glucose, and the highest reaches 20 milligrams.
Bacillusmusilaginosiengineering: the fermention medium to bacillusmusilaginosiengineering is optimized.The result shows: the optimum medium (g/L) of bacillusmusilaginosiengineering (B.mucilaginosus) growth is: sucrose 14, Na
2HPO 41.5, FeCl 30.002, CaCO
31.5, yeast extract paste 10, tap water 1000ml, pH 7.0-7.5; Organonitrogen and inorganic ammonium nitrogen suppress the growth of bacillusmusilaginosiengineering; Growth has promoter action to the bacillusmusilaginosiengineering liquid culture to crops seedling stage.
Rhodopseudomonas palustris: the bacterial strain optimum growth temperature is that 25-30 ℃, intensity of illumination are 1500-3000lx, suitably adds yeast extract paste and helps the thalline breeding.Belong to a kind of of photosynthetic bacterium, photosynthetic bacterium is called for short PSB, it is one of bacterial classification the most ancient on the earth, the PSB thalline is nutritious, protein content is up to 65%, and is rich in biologically active substance and trace elements such as multivitamin, coenzyme, and adaptability is strong, can restrain oneself the organic waste water of high depth and stronger decomposition and inversion ability, poisonous substances such as phenol, cyanogen be had necessarily stand and capacity of decomposition.
In the process of the test of decision prescription, the applicant has also carried out following experiment:
1. induce experiment
Each bacterial strain all has its different effect, and the process of ascending effect is arranged, and this process is that the people is for inducing generation.Experimental result shows, the bacterium character of same genus, characteristics are basic identical, and different is that the branch that can induce and can not induce is arranged.If bacterial strain through condition induce, nutrition is induced or medicine etc. other induce, its original deleterious part is disappeared, but antigenicity is few, through the experiment of inducing more than a year, the bacterial classification of former seed selection is by inducing experiment, the proterties of the bacterial strain of seed selection instructionization all shows as better than former bacterial classification, and this just lays the foundation for the maximum effect of giving full play to bacterial classification.
2, the toxicity test of combination bacterium
Seed selection, the compatibility bacterium after inducing must be to people, animal and the equal toxicological harmless of plant.Need to do toxicity test, this project is carried out the experiment of small white mouse in Li Da company for this reason, adopt disposable oral, intermittent type is oral and processing such as subcutaneous abdominal injection, through repeatedly experiment confirm institute's seed selection and inductive bacterial strain toxicological harmless effect.
3, the compatibility bacterial strain is made effect experiment mutually
Purpose is that the understanding bacterial strain is relations such as fungal component, alternate bacterium or tangerine resist.Experimental result shows that seed selection and inductive bacterial strain have the feature of symbiosis, alternate, and therefore, not only the bacterial strain of seed selection can be grown on same substratum, and also has promoter action in the bacterial strain reproductive process.
4, strain hybrid is observed
Preventing to select for use the hybridization of bacterial classification, particularly prevent to induce the variation of bacterial strain afterwards, is the basis of guaranteeing to set up fermentation engineering; In order to ensure not making a variation of bacterial classification, the measure that this project is drafted in implementation process has:
1. in bacterial classification preservation process, dry bacterial strain is no more than 5 years and must identifies again, the new kept dry of laying equal stress on; Use bacterial strain under 4 ℃ of preservations, can not surpass 3 months, surpass 3 months bacterial strain transferred species again.
2. the bacterial classification that is used to produce will pass through 2-3 rejuvenation, and purifying standard thalline enlarges production again with the standard thalline in rejuvenation, keeps its good characteristic.
Must use the original substratum of bacterial classification when 3. bacterial classification is preserved, then adopt new substratum when producing, can not mix use; Because producing with substratum is with fast life, length is main purpose soon; And strain store medium be with fixing, to stablize strain properties be purpose.
In the production process of microbial inoculum, the thalline prescription is selected the different bacterial classification of 13 strain functions for use, as: the fertile bacterium of bud, filamentous fungus, actinomycetes etc., though these bacterium are some difference of incubation time separately, but they are all close substantially to nutritional requirement, temperature, moisture content, the preparation of microbial inoculum carrier is comparatively simple like this, and is convenient to scale production.
The production process of microbial inoculum is:
1. the inoculation of bacterial classification is operated under aseptic condition, will be behind the purifying of refrigerator bacterial classification, be inoculated on the off-the-shelf substratum; After this bacterial strain of producing is a first order seed.
2. shaking table amplification is in 2000 milliliters of triangular flasks with the first order seed capacity of being inoculated into, and cultivates amplification bacterium number, need cultivate approximately 3 days, and the bacterial strain that turn out this moment is a secondary seed.
3. bacterium powder results, bacterium powder carrier are owing to contain the protein height, and are rich in fine element and mineral substance, these matrix are pulverized and are mixed by a certain percentage and form; Connected behind the bacterial classification 5 days, thalline is bred in a large number, and every gram carrier contains viable count and surpasses 5,000,000,000 (sums of 15 strain purpose bacterium), at this moment, promptly gets " bacterium herbal leaven " through dehydration back packing.
Piling rotten glycolysis is the important step that obtains thalline (that is bacterium song or microbial inoculum) the back preparation biological organic fertilizer of biological organic fertilizer, in the rotten glycolysis of heap, thalline ferments in organic matter, derivative and the meta-bolites of the microorganism that produces mainly contain three classes: a class is an enzyme, as cellulase group, proteolytic enzyme group, oxydase, saccharifying enzyme, lytic enzyme, acylated amino enzyme etc.; Enzyme is a kind of protein, has specificity, as: the decomposition of fiber must have cellulase, could be cut a glucose long-chain by three groups of water soluble cellulose enzymes (Mierocrystalline cellulose restriction endonuclease, lytic enzyme and cellobiase) synergy; Proteolytic enzyme can cut into fragment to macromolecular protein decomposition, as structures such as alkali, peptone, peptide or hydrazones, further resolves into amino acid again.Second class is an organic acid, as humic acids, and indolylacetic acid, red mould acetate and citric acid; Organic acid is the product that is obtained by Carbon cycle, and as humic acids, acetate, citric acid etc., these organic acids exist, and help crop root to the mineral nutrient absorbing.Also having a class is vitamin H, as Plant hormones regulators,gibberellins and various microbiotic, ketone.
Below be that the thalline of the biological organic fertilizer that will obtain is inserted and piled the method that rotten glycolysis prepares biological organic fertilizer in the organism based on cane sugar filter mud:
According to the needs of this bacterium song (agent) aerobic fermentation, it is wide to pile 3-5 rice based on the organism of cane sugar filter mud, and 1.5-1.8 rice is high, and length is according to material and place situation and fixed bar shaped; Stack retting 3-4 days temperature can reach more than 50 ℃, and can keep 55-70 ℃ temperature 10-15 days, and the meta-bolites of useful microorganism all produces in this stage.
Test shows: when organic waste (filter mud of sugar refinery) accounts for 85%-95%, the system chaff accounts for 5%-15%, the bent 3-6 kilogram of the bacterium of assembly/ton, pile rotten glycolysis when preparing biological organic fertilizer in summer (or winter), first day overall temperature variation is 28-35 ℃ (15-26 ℃ of winter), the 3rd day is 51-55 ℃ (35-46 ℃ of winter), the 5th day is 68-69 ℃ (65-68 ℃ of winter), change little afterwards, the tenth day is 61-65 ℃ (66-69 ℃ of winter), no matter the tenth day be summer or winter, the temperature of heap body all begins to descend, the 13 day: 55-59 ℃ of summer (58-60 ℃ of winter), the 16 day is 49-53 ℃ (45-50 ℃ of winter), piles rotten glycolysis and finishes substantially.
The nutrient content of fermentation to produce biological fertilizer
| Organic (g/kg) | N(g/kg) | P 2O 5(g/kg) | K 2O(g/kg) | pH | Moisture content (%) |
| 250-350 | 9.5-10.7 | 15-18 | 25-29 | 5.5-7.9 | 15-20 |
Embodiment piles rotten glycolysis organic waste and prepare biological organic fertilizer 1 summer
The prescription of bacterium song is a budding fungus 30%, mould fungi 35%, bacillus category 35%.In the organic waste, filter mud of sugar refinery accounts for 95%, system chaff 5%, and bent 6 kilograms/ton of bacterium adds 1 kilogram/ton of azotobacter chroococcum in addition in the blending process.
Pile first day of rotten glycolysis heap temperature and be 28-33 ℃, the 3rd day 50-53 ℃, the 6th day: 68-69 ℃, it was more stable to pile temperature afterwards; The tenth day is 61-65 ℃, and the heap temperature descends afterwards, and the 16 day is 49-53 ℃, piles rotten glycolysis and finishes substantially.
The nutrient content of fermentation to produce biological fertilizer
| Organic (g/kg) | N(g/kg) | P 2O 5(g/kg) | K 2O(g/kg) | pH | Moisture content (%) |
| 250 | 9.7 | 15 | 25 | 5.5 | 20 |
Embodiment piles rotten glycolysis organic waste and prepare biological organic fertilizer 2 winter
The prescription of bacterium song is a budding fungus 35%, mould fungi 33%, bacillus category 32%.In the organic waste, filter mud of sugar refinery accounts for 90%, system chaff 10%, and bent 4.5 kilograms/ton of bacterium adds 2 kilograms/ton of azotobacter chroococcums in addition in the blending process.
Pile first day of rotten glycolysis heap temperature and be 15-22 ℃, the 3rd day 34-43 ℃, the 6th day 65-68 ℃, it is more stable to pile temperature afterwards; To the tenth day was 66-69 ℃, and the heap temperature descends afterwards, and the 16 day is 45-50 ℃, piles rotten glycolysis and finishes substantially.
The nutrient content of fermentation to produce biological fertilizer
| Organic (g/kg) | N(g/kg) | P 2O 5(g/kg) | K 2O(g/kg) | pH | Moisture content (%) |
| 295 | 9.5 | 16 | 26 | 6.5 | 19 |
Embodiment piles rotten glycolysis organic waste and prepare biological organic fertilizer 3 winter
The prescription of bacterium song is a budding fungus 32%, mould fungi 30%, bacillus category 38%.In the organic waste, filter mud of sugar refinery accounts for 85%, system chaff 15%, and bent 3 kilograms/ton of bacterium adds 2.5 kilograms/ton of azotobacter chroococcums in addition in the blending process.
Pile first day of rotten glycolysis heap temperature and be 15-26 ℃, the 3rd day 35-46 ℃, the 6th day 65-68 ℃, it is more stable to pile temperature afterwards; To the tenth day was 66-69 ℃, and the heap temperature descends afterwards, and the 16 day is 45-50 ℃, piles rotten glycolysis and finishes substantially.
The nutrient content of fermentation to produce biological fertilizer
| Organic (g/kg) | N(g/kg) | P 2O 5(g/kg) | K 2O(g/kg) | pH | Moisture content (%) |
| 350 | 10.7 | 18 | 29 | 6.9 | 15 |
Claims (5)
1. a thalline that utilizes cane sugar filter mud fermentation to produce biological organic fertilizer is characterized in that each composition weight percent of thalline is: budding fungus 30%-35%, mould fungi 30%-35%, bacillus category 30%-40%.
2. the thalline that utilizes cane sugar filter mud fermentation to produce biological organic fertilizer as claimed in claim 1, the bacterial strain that it is characterized in that budding fungus have yeast saccharomyces cerevisiae, candiyeast thermally.
3. the thalline that utilizes cane sugar filter mud fermentation to produce biological organic fertilizer as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that the bacterial strain of mould fungi has Jingyang streptomycete, viride, aspergillus oryzae, aspergillus niger, geotrichum candidum, sporotrichum thermophile.
4. the thalline that utilizes cane sugar filter mud fermentation to produce biological organic fertilizer as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that genus bacillus has bacillus cereus, bacillus megaterium, bacillusmusilaginosiengineering and Rhodopseudomonas palustris.
5. as claim 1 or 2 or the 3 or 4 described thalline that utilize cane sugar filter mud fermentation to produce biological organic fertilizer, it is characterized in that adding azotobacter chroococcum.
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| CN101880182A (en) * | 2010-06-25 | 2010-11-10 | 东北农业大学 | Low-temperature fast fermentation agent for animal dung in cold regions as well as preparation method and application thereof |
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| CN102229503A (en) * | 2011-05-27 | 2011-11-02 | 冷登书 | Urban and rural garbage fermentation liquid and preparation method thereof |
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