CN101248727A - Artificial three-segment cultivating Paris Chinensis method - Google Patents
Artificial three-segment cultivating Paris Chinensis method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
A method for manually-cultivating three-stage Rhizoma Paridis belonging to the technical field of agriculture includes primary seedling planting and raising, secondary seedling planting and raising, Rhizoma Paridis cultivation and field management, wherein, the primary seedling planting and raising includes the steps of presprouting of seeds and seed seedling raising, when tubers weigh 2g after 3 years, transplantation can be carried out. The secondary seedling planting and raising includes the steps that: the primary seedlings with 2g of tubers are transplanted in October and last third of November and transplantation can be carried out when the tubers are 15g after 3 years. The steps of Rhizoma Paridis cultivation and field management are that: the secondary seedlings are transplanted according to the proportion of 21,000 seedlings in per acre in October and last third of November, and mature Rhizoma Paridis can be dug after 3 years; farmyard manure is fertilized once or twice every May and last third of August with the amount of 3000kg per acre every time, or carbamide is fertilized or foliar fertilizer is sprayed for three times in the vigorous growth period; in the non-seed-collecting filed, ovaries are picked off after sepals unfold; commercial pesticide is used for preventing plant diseases and insect pests in the growth period of the Rhizoma Paridis. The method for manually-cultivating Rhizoma Paridis is characterized by less investment, early effect, good harvest, high efficient, etc., which can realize major production.
Description
Technical field:
The present invention relates to a kind of method of artificial three-segment cultivating Paris Chinensis, belong to the agronomy technical field.
Background technology:
Paris polyphylla is Trilliaceae (Trilliaceae) Paris (Paris) plant, and its rhizome both can directly be used as medicine, and was again the bulk drug of a lot of famous Chinese patent drugs, had clearing heat and detoxicating, swelling and pain relieving, unique effects such as cool liver arresting convulsion.Wherein, Yunnan Rhizoma Paridis (Paris polyphylla var.Yunnanensis) medical value is higher, is " the kind of Chinese pharmacopoeia regulation.Yunnan Rhizoma Paridis mainly utilizes wild resource at present, fast development along with the traditional Chinese medicine industry, the manufacturing enterprise's dosage that with the Yunnan Rhizoma Paridis is raw material increases considerably, and purchasing price has gone up about ten times in 10 years in the past, and the market price has surpassed 100 yuan (dry product prices) for every kilogram.Long-term predatoriness is excavated and is made wild Yunnan Rhizoma Paridis fewer and feweri, and the resource of major production areas is exhaustion closely, and serious threat is to being the sustainable development of the pharmaceutical manufacturer of raw material with the Paris polyphylla.Therefore, artificial domesticating cultivation has become the inevitable choice of industry sustainable development.Wild Paris polyphylla growth is very slow, under the self-sow situation, but need 10 years from seed germination to harvesting utilization.Artificial cultivation also needs the time of 8-10 from planting harvesting utilization, and has that emergence rate, investment are big, growth utilizes the cycle long, plants 3 or five years still incomes not, and the problems such as enthusiasm of planting have been lost in the hard to bear poverty of enterprise and peasant.Up to now, the traditional Chinese medicine Yunnan Rhizoma Paridis does not still have the product of extensive artificial planting still from wild.
In order fundamentally to solve Paris polyphylla Sustainable utilization of resources and pharmaceutical industries sustainable development, must solve series of key techniques problem in the Paris polyphylla production, comprise: the seed growing technology, by the seedling large-scale production, guaranteeing provides sufficient good seed for the planting base; The cultivation new model of Paris polyphylla, solving does not have repayment and damage by disease and insect serious problems in a short time; And the series technique of ripe supporting Gong commercial application such as Paris polyphylla high grade producing key technology, could realize the industry sustainable and healthy development.
By literature search, do not see the open report identical with the present invention.
Summary of the invention:
The objective of the invention is to overcome and invest deficiency big, the slow culture technique that takes effect in the existing Paris polyphylla plantation, the method for the artificial three-segment cultivating Paris Chinensis of a kind of small investment, instant effect, high-yield and high-efficiency is provided.
The present invention not only develops technically, cooperates rational organizational form to cultivate simultaneously, solves deficiency of the prior art effectively.The present invention plants results with Paris polyphylla from seedling and carries out with three sections cultivation segmentations, can independently finish by the strong producer, also can bear wherein one section plantation task by different producer's segmentations, and with product (seedling) in the middle of this section acquisition, mode with production marketing, deliver in relays to the next producer, make each producer of participation in 2-3, all can obtain remarkable economic efficiency, reduced the risk that investment is big, grow payoff period simultaneously, and serious problems are got over along with the plantation time limit prolongs damage by disease and insect in same plot, realize enterprise's synergy, increasing peasant income.In addition, the present invention is long to the cycle, and it is slow to take effect, and the traditional Chinese medicine plantation that difficulty is big has important reference and promotional value.
Method of the present invention comprises one-level kind seedling, secondary kind seedling, the cultivation of commodity Paris polyphylla and three stage of field management step, wherein:
(1) one-level kind seedling step is:
A. presprouting of seeds: the 10-11 month collects seed then, pulp is removed in cleaning, seed with mix thoroughly through 10 times of wet sand of 0.5% carbendazol wettable powder solution disinfection, in temperature is to carry out presprouting of seeds under the 18-20 ℃ of condition to handle, stirred once in per 20 days, the humidity that keeps sand lasts till 2 the end of month of next year between 35-45%, have when surpassing 80% seed base-root sprouting to sow;
B. seed seedling-raising: the seed after the vernalization is pressed 1600-1800 grain/m
2Density broadcast sowing on the seedbed of wide 120cm, high 20cm, cover the humus soil of 1.5cm subsequently, lid layer pine needle or broken grass on humus soil water permeablely, keep moistening, cover with black film again; And above the seedbed, build 1 meter little shed of high plastics, the covering obscurity is 70% sunshade net on the shed; Promptly emerge mid-April, and emergence rate reaches 80%; Carry out daily management during the seed seedling-raising, after 3 years, the Paris polyphylla seedling forms when stem tuber weighs 2 grams and transplants;
(2) secondary kind seedling step is:
Late October to late November promptly transplants after Paris polyphylla seedling overground part pours in separately seedling, and the one-level seedling that stem tuber is weighed 2 grams is transplanted on the seedbed of wide 120cm, high 20cm by the seeding row spacing of 10 * 15cm, after the field planting, covers the furrow face with straw, mountain grass or pine needle; Build apart from the shading shed of the high 1.8m in ground the top, seedbed, is 70% sunshade net covering with obscurity; Carry out daily management between secondary seedling nursery stage, the growth animated period sprays foliage fertilizer 3 times with 0.5% urea and 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate; After 3 years, when the Paris polyphylla stem tuber increases weight to 15 grams, promptly form the secondary seedling;
(3) cultivation of commodity Paris polyphylla and field management step are:
A. select physical features smooth, irrigation and drainage are convenient, contain humus and organic loose sand loam, autumn and winter soil is ploughed deeply 20-25cm, in conjunction with execute the farmyard manure 2000-3000kg/ mu that becomes thoroughly decomposed wholely, superphosphate 40kg makes base manure, the thin rake leveling of shallow plowing bedding again before the plantation, furrow face width 120cm, furrow furrow width 20cm, the high 25cm of ditch builds cool canopy by secondary seed cultivation method;
B.10 promptly transplant after the moon, the last ten-days period to late November, Paris polyphylla seedling overground part poured in separately seedling, the secondary seedlings that stem tuber weighed 15 grams are planted seedling by seeding row spacing 15 * 15cm, dark 5 to 6cm trench diggings, and every mu of planting density is 2.1 ten thousand strains; After the field planting, cover the furrow face with straw, mountain grass or pine needle; Can excavate ripe traditional Chinese medicine Paris polyphylla after 3 years;
C. annual mid-May and late August are executed the farmyard manure that becomes thoroughly decomposed 1 to 2 time, every mu of each 3000kg, or spray foliage fertilizer 3 times with 0.5% urea and 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate at the growth animated period; Ovary also should be plucked in non-seed collecting field after the calyx sheet launches, nutrient is concentrated on nourish and grow; Root rot is added 250 times of liquid of 25% carbendazol wettable powder with agricultural streptomycin 200mg/L mix back spraying control, or their early stage is sterilized to sick cave with 1% ferrous sulfate solution or quicklime; To causing harm of grub, every mu of usefulness 90% ground hundred worm 50-70g mix the thin moisture soil of 20kg and spread fertilizer over the fields, or mix the fresh vegetable leaf or careless 50kg makes poison bait with 50% Phoxim emulsion 0.5kg, and every mu is spread fertilizer over the fields 5kg.
The present invention compared with prior art has the following advantages:
1. can dissolve the principal risk of plantation Paris polyphylla
The one, because of plantation year limit for length, future price is difficult to prediction, the not high risk of bringing of planting benefit.This risk according to the fluctuation of the Paris polyphylla market price, is adjusted cultivated area, the unlikely producer's heavy losses that cause by three sections cultivations within a short period of time but (in 3 years).By three sections cultivations a long-acting medicinal material industry is become the short-term industry that a segmentation realizes benefit like this.The 2nd, because of meeting the medicine company demand, product quality do not cause the commodity Paris polyphylla to overstock the risk of bringing.This risk is strengthened the medicinal effective ingredient of Paris polyphylla provenance and is detected in each stage implementation process, docks with pharmacy corporation simultaneously, detects to enterprise's sample presentation, guarantees that the Yunnan Rhizoma Paridis quality of producing reaches the standard of pharmacy corporation.The 3rd, because the Paris polyphylla growth utilizes oversize easy generation damage by disease and insect of cycle, the risk that causing drops in production over a large area brings.This risk is carried out three sections cultivations by selecting different ecological environmental condition, is aided with the biopesticide control, can avoid the generation of large tracts of land damage by disease and insect fully.
2. explore long period traditional Chinese medicine plantation new model
Have many traditional Chinese medicines and medicinal plant plantation growth to utilize the cycle long, this method is carried out from seedling Paris polyphylla to the segmentation of plantation results, make each producer of participation all can obtain remarkable economic efficiency in 3 years.This pattern is long to the cycle, and it is slow to take effect, and the traditional Chinese medicine development that difficulty is big has important reference and promotional value.
3. the employing temperature adjusting is broken the seed dormancy phase and is realized fast rapid-result seedling
The Paris polyphylla seed needs 18 months from seed collection to emerging in the existing method, emergence rate only about 50%.This method is handled only to emerge from seed collection needs 7 months, and emergence rate reaches 80%, shift to an earlier date nearly 1 year than the research of bibliographical information, and emergence rate improves a lot.
4. promotion increasing peasant income, the protection wild resource is alleviated Paris polyphylla shortage of resources problem
Adopt the present invention's " three sections cultivations ", each stage is removed cost such as land lease, booth, seedling medium, seed, water power, agricultural chemicals, fertilizer, artificial etc., phase I production one-level seedling, every mu of net income was about 25000 yuan in 3 years, about 8000 yuan of mu year net income.Second stage is produced the secondary seedling, and every mu of net income was about 15000 yuan in 3 years, about 5000 yuan of mu year net income.Phase III is produced the commodity Paris polyphylla, and every mu of net income was about 10000 yuan in 3 years, about 3000 yuan of mu year net income.Peasant planting phase III commodity Paris polyphylla also can be gathered in the crops the Paris polyphylla seed in 1 year, the every mu of seed that can receive about 2.5 kilograms, and the seed price is about 1000 yuan/kg at present, and then only seed per mu yield value can reach 2500 yuan.In addition, the present invention can realize the cultivation of Paris polyphylla large-scale artificial, has alleviated the dependence of pharmacy corporation to wild resource, to the protection wild resource, promotes the sustainable development of traditional Chinese medicine industry will produce remarkable social benefit and ecological effect.
Embodiment:
The present invention is an example with the cultivation of Yunnan Rhizoma Paridis, but content of the present invention not only is confined to embodiment.The antiseptic solution that the present invention uses is the commercially available prod.
Phase I (one-level kind seedling) job step is:
A. the 10-11 month collects seed then, pulp is removed in cleaning, seed with mix thoroughly through 10 times of wet sand of 0.5% carbendazol wettable powder solution disinfection, in temperature is to carry out presprouting of seeds under the 18-20 ℃ of condition to handle, stirred once in per 20 days, the humidity that keeps sand lasts till 2 the end of month of next year between 35-45%, have when surpassing 80% seed base-root sprouting to sow;
B. seed seedling-raising: the seed after the vernalization is pressed 1600-1800 grain/m
2Density broadcast sowing on the seedbed of wide 120cm, high 20cm, cover the humus soil of 1.5cm subsequently, lid layer pine needle or broken grass on humus soil water permeablely, keep moistening, cover with black film again; And above the seedbed, build 1 meter little shed of high plastics, the covering obscurity is 70% sunshade net on the shed; Promptly emerge mid-April, and emergence rate reaches 80%; Carry out daily management during the seed seedling-raising, after 3 years, the Yunnan Rhizoma Paridis seedling forms when stem tuber weighs 2 grams and transplants;
Second stage (secondary kind seedling) job step is:
Late October to late November promptly transplants after Paris polyphylla seedling overground part pours in separately seedling, and the one-level seedling that stem tuber is weighed 2 grams is transplanted on the seedbed of wide 120cm, high 20cm by the seeding row spacing of 10 * 15cm, after the field planting, covers the furrow face with straw, mountain grass or pine needle; Build apart from the shading shed of the high 1.8m in ground the top, seedbed, is 70% sunshade net covering with obscurity; Carry out daily management between secondary seedling nursery stage, the growth animated period sprays foliage fertilizer 3 times with 0.5% urea and 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate; After 3 years, when the Paris polyphylla stem tuber increases weight to 15 grams, promptly form the secondary seedling;
Phase III (cultivation of commodity Yunnan Rhizoma Paridis) job step is:
A. select physical features smooth, irrigation and drainage are convenient, contain humus and organic loose sand loam, autumn and winter soil is ploughed deeply 20-25cm, in conjunction with execute the farmyard manure 2000-3000kg/ mu that becomes thoroughly decomposed wholely, superphosphate 40kg makes base manure, the thin rake leveling of shallow plowing bedding again before the plantation, furrow face width 120cm, furrow furrow width 20cm, the high 25cm of ditch builds cool canopy by secondary seed cultivation method;
B.10 promptly transplant after the moon, the last ten-days period to late November, Paris polyphylla seedling overground part poured in separately seedling, the secondary seedlings that stem tuber weighed 15 grams are planted seedling by seeding row spacing 15 * 15cm, dark 5 to 6cm trench diggings, and every mu of planting density is 2.1 ten thousand strains; After the field planting, cover the furrow face with straw, mountain grass or pine needle; Can excavate ripe traditional Chinese medicine Yunnan Rhizoma Paridis after 3 years;
C. annual mid-May and late August are executed the farmyard manure that becomes thoroughly decomposed 1 to 2 time, every mu of each 3000kg, or spray foliage fertilizer 3 times with 0.5% urea and 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate at the growth animated period; Ovary also should be plucked in non-seed collecting field after the calyx sheet launches, nutrient is concentrated on nourish and grow; Root rot is added 250 times of liquid of 25% carbendazol wettable powder with agricultural streptomycin 200mg/L mix back spraying control, or their early stage is sterilized to sick cave with 1% ferrous sulfate solution or quicklime; To causing harm of grub, every mu of usefulness 90% ground hundred worm 50-70g mix the thin moisture soil of 20kg and spread fertilizer over the fields, or mix the fresh vegetable leaf or careless 50kg makes poison bait with 50% Phoxim emulsion 0.5kg, and every mu is spread fertilizer over the fields 5kg.
Practice shows: said method can independently be finished by the strong producer, also can bear wherein one section plantation task by different producer's segmentations, and with product (seedling) in the middle of this section acquisition, mode with production marketing, deliver in relays to the next producer, make each producer of participation in 3 years, all can obtain remarkable economic efficiency.Reduced simultaneously that investment is big, payoff period long risk, efficiently solve same plot and prolong the serious more problem of damage by disease and insect with the plantation time limit, realized large-scale production, enterprise's synergy, increasing peasant income.
Claims (1)
1. the method for an artificial three-segment cultivating Paris Chinensis is characterized in that this cultivation method comprises one-level kind seedling, secondary kind seedling, the cultivation of commodity Paris polyphylla and field management step, wherein:
(1) one-level kind seedling step is:
A. presprouting of seeds: the 10-11 month collects seed then, pulp is removed in cleaning, seed with mix thoroughly through 10 times of wet sand of 0.5% carbendazol wettable powder solution disinfection, in temperature is to carry out presprouting of seeds under the 18-20 ℃ of condition to handle, stirred once in per 20 days, the humidity that keeps sand lasts till 2 the end of month of next year between 35-45%, have when surpassing 80% seed base-root sprouting to sow;
B. seed seedling-raising: the seed after the vernalization is pressed 1600-1800 grain/m
2Density broadcast sowing on the seedbed of wide 120cm, high 20cm, cover the humus soil of 1.5cm subsequently, lid layer pine needle or broken grass on humus soil water permeablely, keep moistening, cover with black film again; And above the seedbed, build 1 meter little shed of high plastics, the covering obscurity is 70% sunshade net on the shed; Promptly emerge mid-April, and emergence rate reaches 80%; Carry out daily management during the seed seedling-raising, after 3 years, the Paris polyphylla seedling forms when stem tuber weighs 2 grams and transplants;
(2) secondary kind seedling step is:
Late October to late November promptly transplants after Paris polyphylla seedling overground part pours in separately seedling, and the one-level seedling that stem tuber is weighed 2 grams is transplanted on the seedbed of wide 120cm, high 20cm by the seeding row spacing of 10 * 15cm, after the field planting, covers the furrow face with straw, mountain grass or pine needle; Build apart from the shading shed of the high 1.8m in ground the top, seedbed, is 70% sunshade net covering with obscurity; Carry out daily management between secondary seedling nursery stage, the growth animated period sprays foliage fertilizer 3 times with 0.5% urea and 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate; After 3 years, when the Paris polyphylla stem tuber increases weight to 15 grams, promptly form the secondary seedling;
(3) cultivation of commodity Paris polyphylla and field management step are:
A. select physical features smooth, irrigation and drainage are convenient, contain humus and organic loose sand loam, autumn and winter soil is ploughed deeply 20-25cm, in conjunction with execute the farmyard manure 2000-3000kg/ mu that becomes thoroughly decomposed wholely, superphosphate 40kg makes base manure, the thin rake leveling of shallow plowing bedding again before the plantation, furrow face width 120cm, furrow furrow width 20cm, the high 25cm of ditch builds cool canopy by secondary seed cultivation method;
B.10 promptly transplant after the moon, the last ten-days period to late November, Paris polyphylla seedling overground part poured in separately seedling, the secondary seedlings that stem tuber weighed 15 grams are planted seedling by seeding row spacing 15 * 15cm, dark 5 to 6cm trench diggings, and every mu of planting density is 2.1 ten thousand strains; After the field planting, cover the furrow face with straw, mountain grass or pine needle; Can excavate ripe traditional Chinese medicine Paris polyphylla after 3 years;
C. annual mid-May and late August are executed the farmyard manure that becomes thoroughly decomposed 1 to 2 time, every mu of each 3000kg, or spray foliage fertilizer 3 times with 0.5% urea and 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate at the growth animated period; Ovary also should be plucked in non-seed collecting field after the calyx sheet launches, nutrient is concentrated on nourish and grow; Root rot is added 250 times of liquid of 25% carbendazol wettable powder with agricultural streptomycin 200mg/L mix back spraying control, or their early stage is sterilized to sick cave with 1% ferrous sulfate solution or quicklime; To causing harm of grub, every mu of usefulness 90% ground hundred worm 50-70g mix the thin moisture soil of 20kg and spread fertilizer over the fields, or mix the fresh vegetable leaf or careless 50kg makes poison bait with 50% Phoxim emulsion 0.5kg, and every mu is spread fertilizer over the fields 5kg.
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| CN102612981A (en) * | 2012-04-27 | 2012-08-01 | 江西省鑫隆农业发展有限公司 | Quick cultivation technique for Paris polyphylla |
| CN102626031A (en) * | 2012-04-27 | 2012-08-08 | 江西省鑫隆农业发展有限公司 | Wild-simulation planting technique for multi-bud rhizoma paridis |
| CN102823483A (en) * | 2012-09-12 | 2012-12-19 | 云南三川生物科技有限公司 | Fast cultivation device of paridis rhizoma seedlings by natural energy and optimized cultivation method of paridis rhizoma seedlings |
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| CN104255216A (en) * | 2014-07-21 | 2015-01-07 | 宁国千方中药发展有限公司 | Method for growing Paris polyphylla seedlings from seeds |
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| CN102612981A (en) * | 2012-04-27 | 2012-08-01 | 江西省鑫隆农业发展有限公司 | Quick cultivation technique for Paris polyphylla |
| CN102626031A (en) * | 2012-04-27 | 2012-08-08 | 江西省鑫隆农业发展有限公司 | Wild-simulation planting technique for multi-bud rhizoma paridis |
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| CN102823483A (en) * | 2012-09-12 | 2012-12-19 | 云南三川生物科技有限公司 | Fast cultivation device of paridis rhizoma seedlings by natural energy and optimized cultivation method of paridis rhizoma seedlings |
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