CN101193769A - 电力供给系统 - Google Patents
电力供给系统 Download PDFInfo
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- CN101193769A CN101193769A CNA2006800205946A CN200680020594A CN101193769A CN 101193769 A CN101193769 A CN 101193769A CN A2006800205946 A CNA2006800205946 A CN A2006800205946A CN 200680020594 A CN200680020594 A CN 200680020594A CN 101193769 A CN101193769 A CN 101193769A
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- vehicle
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
- B60W20/00—Control systems specially adapted for hybrid vehicles
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
- B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
- B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
- B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
- B60K6/46—Series type
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
- B60L50/10—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by engine-driven generators, e.g. generators driven by combustion engines
- B60L50/16—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by engine-driven generators, e.g. generators driven by combustion engines with provision for separate direct mechanical propulsion
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
- B60L50/50—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells
- B60L50/60—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells using power supplied by batteries
- B60L50/61—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells using power supplied by batteries by batteries charged by engine-driven generators, e.g. series hybrid electric vehicles
- B60L50/62—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells using power supplied by batteries by batteries charged by engine-driven generators, e.g. series hybrid electric vehicles charged by low-power generators primarily intended to support the batteries, e.g. range extenders
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
- B60L53/10—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles characterised by the energy transfer between the charging station and the vehicle
- B60L53/14—Conductive energy transfer
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
- B60L53/60—Monitoring or controlling charging stations
- B60L53/68—Off-site monitoring or control, e.g. remote control
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L55/00—Arrangements for supplying energy stored within a vehicle to a power network, i.e. vehicle-to-grid [V2G] arrangements
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
- B60L58/40—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for controlling a combination of batteries and fuel cells
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
- B60W10/00—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
- B60W10/04—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units
- B60W10/08—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units including control of electric propulsion units, e.g. motors or generators
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J13/00—Circuit arrangements for providing remote indication of network conditions, e.g. an instantaneous record of the open or closed condition of each circuitbreaker in the network; Circuit arrangements for providing remote control of switching means in a power distribution network, e.g. switching in and out of current consumers by using a pulse code signal carried by the network
- H02J13/00006—Circuit arrangements for providing remote indication of network conditions, e.g. an instantaneous record of the open or closed condition of each circuitbreaker in the network; Circuit arrangements for providing remote control of switching means in a power distribution network, e.g. switching in and out of current consumers by using a pulse code signal carried by the network characterised by information or instructions transport means between the monitoring, controlling or managing units and monitored, controlled or operated power network element or electrical equipment
- H02J13/00007—Circuit arrangements for providing remote indication of network conditions, e.g. an instantaneous record of the open or closed condition of each circuitbreaker in the network; Circuit arrangements for providing remote control of switching means in a power distribution network, e.g. switching in and out of current consumers by using a pulse code signal carried by the network characterised by information or instructions transport means between the monitoring, controlling or managing units and monitored, controlled or operated power network element or electrical equipment using the power network as support for the transmission
- H02J13/00009—Circuit arrangements for providing remote indication of network conditions, e.g. an instantaneous record of the open or closed condition of each circuitbreaker in the network; Circuit arrangements for providing remote control of switching means in a power distribution network, e.g. switching in and out of current consumers by using a pulse code signal carried by the network characterised by information or instructions transport means between the monitoring, controlling or managing units and monitored, controlled or operated power network element or electrical equipment using the power network as support for the transmission using pulsed signals
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/14—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries for charging batteries from dynamo-electric generators driven at varying speed, e.g. on vehicle
- H02J7/1423—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries for charging batteries from dynamo-electric generators driven at varying speed, e.g. on vehicle with multiple batteries
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L2210/00—Converter types
- B60L2210/20—AC to AC converters
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
- B60W2530/00—Input parameters relating to vehicle conditions or values, not covered by groups B60W2510/00 or B60W2520/00
- B60W2530/209—Fuel quantity remaining in tank
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/38—Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02B90/20—Smart grids as enabling technology in buildings sector
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/62—Hybrid vehicles
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
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- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/7072—Electromobility specific charging systems or methods for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/72—Electric energy management in electromobility
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
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- Y02T90/12—Electric charging stations
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
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- Y02T90/16—Information or communication technologies improving the operation of electric vehicles
- Y02T90/167—Systems integrating technologies related to power network operation and communication or information technologies for supporting the interoperability of electric or hybrid vehicles, i.e. smartgrids as interface for battery charging of electric vehicles [EV] or hybrid vehicles [HEV]
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- Y02T90/40—Application of hydrogen technology to transportation, e.g. using fuel cells
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- Y04—INFORMATION OR COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES HAVING AN IMPACT ON OTHER TECHNOLOGY AREAS
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- Y04S10/00—Systems supporting electrical power generation, transmission or distribution
- Y04S10/12—Monitoring or controlling equipment for energy generation units, e.g. distributed energy generation [DER] or load-side generation
- Y04S10/126—Monitoring or controlling equipment for energy generation units, e.g. distributed energy generation [DER] or load-side generation the energy generation units being or involving electric vehicles [EV] or hybrid vehicles [HEV], i.e. power aggregation of EV or HEV, vehicle to grid arrangements [V2G]
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- Y04S30/10—Systems supporting the interoperability of electric or hybrid vehicles
- Y04S30/12—Remote or cooperative charging
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y04—INFORMATION OR COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES HAVING AN IMPACT ON OTHER TECHNOLOGY AREAS
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- Y04S40/00—Systems for electrical power generation, transmission, distribution or end-user application management characterised by the use of communication or information technologies, or communication or information technology specific aspects supporting them
- Y04S40/12—Systems for electrical power generation, transmission, distribution or end-user application management characterised by the use of communication or information technologies, or communication or information technology specific aspects supporting them characterised by data transport means between the monitoring, controlling or managing units and monitored, controlled or operated electrical equipment
- Y04S40/121—Systems for electrical power generation, transmission, distribution or end-user application management characterised by the use of communication or information technologies, or communication or information technology specific aspects supporting them characterised by data transport means between the monitoring, controlling or managing units and monitored, controlled or operated electrical equipment using the power network as support for the transmission
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Transportation (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
- Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)
- Supply And Distribution Of Alternating Current (AREA)
- Inverter Devices (AREA)
Abstract
车辆(40A,40B)被连接到住宅(30A,30B)的相应的插座(32A,32B),并且能够产生商用AC电力,以便将所产生的电力供到送电线(20)。车辆(40A,40B)经由住宅(30A,30B)以及送电线(20)与管理服务器(50)通信。车辆(40A,40B)向管理服务器(50)输出与车辆有关的信息项,例如车辆ID、产生电力量以及剩余燃料量。当发生电力短缺时,基于与车辆有关的信息,管理服务器(50)产生对于车辆(40A,40B)的起动指令和电力产生指令,以便将所产生的指令输出到车辆(40A,40B)。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及电力供给系统。本发明特别涉及使用这样的车辆的电力供给系统:该车辆能够产生商用AC电力并将所产生的商用AC电力供到车辆外部。
背景技术
日本特开No.04-295202公开了电气动力驱动的车辆中所用的电动机驱动与动力处理设备。这种电动机驱动与动力处理系统包含二次电池、变换器IA与IB、感应电动机MA与MB以及控制单元。感应电动机MA与MB包含Y形配置的相应的绕组CA与CB,绕组CA与CB具有经由EMI滤波器连接到输入/输出端口的中性点NA与NB。
分别与感应电动机MA、MB对应地设置变换器IA与IB,且它们被分别连接到绕组CA与CB。另外,变换器IA与IB与二次电池并联连接。
在这种电动机驱动与动力处理设备中,变换器IA与IB能在中性点NA与NB之间产生正弦且得到调整的AC电力,并将所产生的AC电力供到连接到输入/输出端口的外部装置。
日本特开No.04-295202所公开的电动机驱动与动力处理系统在其具有产生AC电力并将所产生的AC电力供到外部设备的电力供给能力这一点上是有用的。然而,日本特开No.04-295202没有特别考虑这样的电力供给系统:该系统提供其所产生的AC电力到商用电力系统的逆向流动,并对来自被连接到商用电力系统的多个车辆的电力供给总体上进行管理。
发明内容
为解决上述问题而作出本发明,本发明的目的在于提供一种电力供给系统,该系统能够对来自具有电力供给能力且被连接到商用电力系统的车辆的电力供给进行管理。
根据本发明,电力供给系统包含:至少一个车辆,其能够产生商用电力,以便将所产生的商用电力供到车辆外部;至少一个连接设备,其与所述至少一个车辆对应设置,并将所述至少一个车辆连接到商用电力系统;管理设备,其管理由被连接到商用电力系统的所述至少一个车辆进行的发电。所述至少一个车辆各自向管理设备输出与该车辆有关的信息。基于所述与车辆有关的信息,管理设备向输出该信息的车辆做出产生商用电力的请求。所述至少一个车辆各自根据来自管理设备的请求产生商用电力,并经由对应的连接设备将所产生的商用电力输出到商用电力系统。
在本发明的电力供给系统中,管理设备从由连接设备连接到商用电力系统的车辆获取与该车辆有关的信息。基于所获取的与车辆有关的信息,管理设备能检索并找到被连接到商用电力系统且具有供给电力的能力的车辆,以便请求该车辆产生电力。
因此,采用本发明的电力供给系统,在发生商用电力系统的电力短缺的情况下,被连接到商用电力系统且能够供给电力的车辆能被用于向商用电力系统供给电力。相应地,能够弥补商用电力系统的电力短缺。
优选为,所述至少一个车辆各自包含:电力产生设备,其产生商用电力;通信设备,其与管理设备通信;控制设备。控制设备经由通信设备将与车辆有关的信息输出到管理设备,并根据经由通信设备接收的、来自管理设备的请求,指示电力产生设备产生商用电力。
优选为,通信设备经由对应的连接设备和商用电力系统与管理设备通信。
在电力供给系统中,通信设备经由对应的连接设备以及商用电力系统与管理设备通信。因此,没有必要单独提供通信专用线。因此,这种电力供给系统可用于缩减通信成本。
优选为,电力产生设备包含:内燃机;电力产生单元,其使用借助内燃机的动力产生的电力产生商用电力。与车辆有关的信息包含用于驱动内燃机的剩余燃料量。当剩余量变得等于或小于预定量时,管理设备指示车辆停止产生商用电力。
在电力供给系统中,车辆为具有作为其动力源的内燃机和电动机的混合动力车。商用电力是使用由内燃机的动力产生的电力产生的。这里,当内燃机的剩余燃料量变得等于或小于预定量(例如低燃料水平报警灯点亮的燃料水平或由用户设置的燃料水平)时,管理设备指示车辆停止产生商用电力。因此,对于提供商用电力的车辆,保证了最小程度行驶所必需的燃料。相应地,车辆至少能够行驶到最近的燃料站。
优选为,电力产生设备包含:燃料电池;电力产生单元,其使用输出自燃料电池的电力产生商用电力。与车辆有关的信息包括燃料电池的剩余燃料量。当剩余量变得等于或小于预定量时,管理设备指示车辆停止产生商用电力。
在电力供给系统中,车辆为其上装有燃料电池的燃料电池车辆。商用电力是使用输出自燃料电池的电力产生的。这里,当燃料电池的剩余燃料量变得等于或小于预定量时,管理设备指示车辆停止产生商用电力。因此,对于供给商用电力的车辆,保证了最小程度行驶所必需的燃料。相应地,使用这种电力供给系统,车辆至少能够行驶到最近的燃料站。
优选为,多个车辆被连接到商用电力系统。根据商用电力系统的电力短缺量,管理设备从这多个车辆中选择出被请求供给商用电力的车辆。
在电力供给系统中,管理设备控制在多个车辆中被请求供给商用电力的车辆的数量。因此,电力可根据需求(电力的短缺)得到保证。相应地,电力供给系统可用于从车辆供给适当的量的电力。
从上面可以看出,本发明可管理来自具有电力供给能力且被连接到商用电力系统的车辆的电力供给。当发生商用电力系统的电力短缺时,被连接到商用电力系统且具有电力供给能力的车辆能被用于向商用电力系统供给电力。相应地,商用电力系统的电力短缺能够得到克服。
附图说明
图1为根据本发明一实施例的电力供给系统的总体框图;
图2为图1所示的车辆和住宅的功能框图;
图3为图2所示的ECU的功能框图;
图4为图1所示的管理服务器的功能框图;
图5为图2中的动力输出设备的总体框图;
图6为一波形图,其示出了当在图5所示电动发电机的相应中性点之间产生商用AC电力时的商用AC电力以及变换器的占空总和(dutysummation);
图7为在图1所示车辆为燃料电池车辆的情况下动力输出设备的总体框图。
具体实施方式
下面将参照附图详细介绍本发明的实施例。注意,同样或对应的部件用相同的参考标号表示,并且不再重复对其进行介绍。
图1为根据本发明一实施例的电力供给系统的总体框图。参照图1,这种电力供给系统1包含发电所10、送电线20、住宅30A与30B、车辆40A与40B以及管理服务器50。
发电所10产生商用电力以将所产生的商用电力输出到送电线20。住宅30A与30B被连接到送电线20以接收从送电线20供给的商用电力。另外,住宅30A与30B分别从车辆40A与40B接收由车辆40A与40B产生的商用电力,并将所接收的商用电力输出到送电线20。
车辆40A与40B各自为混合动力车。车辆40A被连接到住宅30A的插座32A。车辆40A通过下面介绍的方法产生商用电力,以便将所产生的商用电力输出到住宅30A的插座32A。另外,车辆40A经由插座32A、住宅30A以及送电线20与被连接到送电线20的管理服务器50通信。
具体而言,当车辆40A被连接到住宅30A的插座32A时,车辆40A向管理服务器50输出与车辆40A有关的信息。与车辆40A有关的信息包括例如用于由管理服务器50识别车辆40A的车辆ID号、表示电力能被产生的可发电信号、产生电力量以及剩余燃料量等信息项。另外,车辆40A从管理服务器50接收例如起动指令、电力产生指令(其为产生电力的指令)、停止指令等被发布到车辆40A的指令,并根据所接收的指令运行。
车辆40B被连接到住宅30B的插座32B。车辆40B具有与车辆40A相同的能力,且不对其重复进行介绍。
管理服务器50被连接到送电线20。管理服务器50经由送电线20与被连接到此电力供给系统1的车辆40A以及40B通信,并管理由车辆40A、40B进行的电力产生。具体而言,当电力短缺发生时,管理服务器50检测被连接到电力供给系统1的车辆40A、40B,以便按照电力短缺量向车辆40A和/或40B输出起动指令和电力产生指令。
另外,当电力短缺被克服或当管理服务器50由与该车辆有关的信息检测到正在产生电力的车辆中剩余的燃料量等于或小于预设基准值(例如低燃料水平报警灯点亮的燃料水平或用户设置的燃料水平)时,管理服务器50向所述正在产生电力的车辆输出停止指令。
图2为图1所示车辆40A以及住宅30A的功能框图。注意,图1所示车辆40B以及住宅30B被结构化为与图2所示的车辆40A以及住宅30A相同。
参照图2,车辆40A包含动力输出设备110、继电器电路120、调制解调器130、通信电缆135、ECU(电子控制单元)140、伏特计150、电力供给节点160、接地节点162、连接器170、AC输出线ACL1与ACL2以及电力线LC1至LC7。住宅30A包含插座32A、瓦特计200、报警灯210、电力线LH1与LH2。
动力输出设备110被连接到AC输出线ACL1与ACL2。继电器电路120由电磁线圈122和开关124、126、128构成。电磁线圈122被连接在电力线LC2与接地节点162之间。开关124被连接在AC输出线ACL1和电力线LC3之间。开关126被连接在AC输出线ACL2与电力线LC4之间。开关128被连接在电力线LC5与接地节点162之间。
调制解调器130分别经由电力线LC6、LC7被连接到电力线LC3、LC4。另外,调制解调器130经由通信电缆135被连接到ECU 140。ECU140被连接到电力线LC1、LC2。电力线LC3、LC4、LC1、LC5经由连接器170和插座32A被分别连接到电力线LH1至LH4。
瓦特计200被设置在电力线LH1、LH2与送电线20之间。报警灯210被连接在电力线LH3与电力线LH4之间。
动力输出设备110按照来自ECU 140的转矩指令产生该混合动力车的驱动力。另外,动力输出设备110按照来自ECU 140的产生指令产生商用AC电力,以便将所产生的商用AC电力输出到AC输出线ACL1与ACL2。
当电流从ECU 140经由电力线LC2流动时,继电器电路120的电磁线圈122产生施加在开关124、126、128上的磁力。开关124、126、128受到来自电磁线圈122的磁力,以便彼此协调地动作。具体而言,开关124、126、128在电流流过电磁线圈122时被开通,在没有电流流过电磁线圈122时被关断。
调制解调器130在ECU 140与被连接到送电线20的管理服务器50(未示出,对下面的说明同样适用)之间进行通信。具体而言,在经由通信电缆135接收来自ECU 140的数据的情况下,调制解调器130将从ECU 140接收的数据经由电力线LC6与LC7、电力线LC3与LC4、连接器170、插座32A、电力线LH1与LH2、瓦特计200、送电线20输出到管理服务器50。另外,调制解调器130将经由送电线20、瓦特计200、电力线LH1与LH2、插座32A、连接器170、电力线LC3与LC4以及电力线LC6与LC7从管理服务器50接收的数据经由通信电缆135输出到ECU 140。
当连接器170没被连接到插座32A且车辆能行驶时,ECU 140产生用于包含在动力输出设备110中的电动发电机(下面介绍)的转矩指令,并将所产生的转矩指令输出到动力输出设备110。
另外,当连接器170被连接到插座32A且ECU 140通过调制解调器130接收到来自管理服务器50的起动指令时,ECU 140起动车辆40A。注意,车辆40A如同例如点火开关被转到ON位置(以便对整个混合系统通电)一样地被起动。
另外,在通过调制解调器130接收到来自管理服务器50的电力产生指令的情况下,ECU 140向电力线LC2提供电流,以便开通继电器电路120。当具有按照电力线LC1的电压等级确定的逻辑电平的电力产生使能信号/EN变为L(逻辑低)电平时,ECU 140向动力输出设备110输出指令,以便产生如电力产生指令所请求的商用AC电力。具体而言,在开关128被开通时,如果连接器170被正常连接到插座32A,从电力供给节点160通过电力线LC1、报警灯210、电力线LC5和开关128到接地节点162建立起电气通道。相应地,电力线LC1的电压等级被降低,导致电力产生使能信号/EN变为L电平。
另外,在通过调制解调器130接收到来自管理服务器50的停止指令的情况下,ECU 140停止向动力输出设备110输出用于产生商用AC电力的前述指令。另外,在通过调制解调器130接收到来自管理服务器50的起动指令的情况下,ECU 140将与此车辆有关的信息(例如车辆ID号、可发电信号、产生电力量、剩余燃料量)通过调制解调器130输出到管理服务器50。
伏特计150检测电力线LC6与LC7的电压,即被电气连接到电力线LC6以及LC7的送电线20的电压Vo,并将检测到的电压Vo输出到ECU140。
瓦特计200检测从车辆40A供到送电线20的电力量,以便在住宅30A内指示检测到的电力量。当车辆40A的继电器电路120在插座32A被正常连接到连接器170时被开通时,从电力供给节点160到接地节点162建立起电气通道,故报警灯210点亮。
图3为图2所示ECU 140的功能框图。参照图3,ECU 140由数据输入单元310、起动控制单元320、电力产生控制单元330、剩余量计算单元340、数据输出单元350构成。
数据输入单元310接收任意的这类不同指令:例如,通过调制解调器130从电力公司的管理服务器50经过送电线20传送到车辆的停止指令STP、电力产生指令GE、起动指令ST。在接收到起动指令ST的情况下,数据输入单元310将其接收到该指令的事实通知到起动控制单元320。另外,在接收到电力产生指令GE的情况下,数据输入单元310将由此电力产生指令GE指定的、将被产生的电力量通知给电力产生控制单元330。另外,接收到停止指令STP的情况下,数据输入单元310将其接收到停止指令的事实通知到起动控制单元320和电力产生控制单元330。
接收到来自数据输入单元310的、从管理服务器50接收到起动指令ST的信息的情况下,起动控制单元320基于电力产生使能信号/EN判断连接器170是否被正常连接到插座32A。当起动控制单元320判断为电力产生使能信号/EN为L电平且连接器170被正常连接到插座32A时,起动控制单元320起动车辆40A。由于车辆40A被起动,起动控制单元320向数据输出单元350输出预先分配给车辆40A的车辆ID以及可发电信号GPEN。
另外,接收到来自数据输入单元310的、其从管理服务器50接收到停止指令STP的信息的情况下,起动控制单元320停止车辆40A。注意,车辆40A如同例如点火开关被转到OFF位置一样地被停止。
接收到由电力产生指令GE指定的将被产生的电力量的情况下,电力产生控制单元330基于来自伏特计150的电压Vo产生与商用电力同步的同步信号SYNC。另外,电力产生控制单元330产生电流指令IAC,该指令与所产生的同步信号SYNC同步并按照所指定的将被产生的电力量。于是,电力产生控制单元330将所产生的同步信号SYNC和电流指令IAC输出到动力输出设备110。
另外,电力产生控制单元330检测或计算由动力输出设备110产生的电力的量,以便将此产生电力量OUT输出到数据输出单元350。另外,接收到来自数据输入单元310的、其从管理服务器50接收到停止指令STP的信息的情况下,电力产生控制单元330停止向动力输出设备110输出同步信号SYNC和电流指令IAC。
基于接收自动力输出设备110的燃料池(在下面介绍)的信号FUEL,剩余量计算单元340计算剩余可产生电力量RE(kwh)(其为将来能够产生的电力的量),并将计算得到的剩余可产生电力量RE输出到数据输出单元350。
数据输出单元350向调制解调器130输出从起动控制单元320接收的车辆ID和可发电信号GPEN、从电力产生控制单元330接收到的产生电力量OUT、来自剩余量计算单元340的剩余可产生电力量RE。于是,被输出到调制解调器130的各个数据从调制解调器130经由送电线20被传送到电力公司的管理服务器50。
图4为图1所示管理服务器50的功能框图。参照图4,管理服务器50包含数据输入单元410、电力短缺判断单元420、控制单元430、电力产生指令单元440、数据输出单元450。
数据输入单元410从车辆40A与40B经由送电线20接收车辆信息并将接收到的车辆信息输出到控制单元430,该信息包括车辆ID、可发电信号GPEN、产生电力量OUT、剩余可产生电力量RE。
基于发电所10的产生电力量以及电力产生能力,电力短缺判断单元420判断是否发生电力短缺。当电力短缺判断单元420判断为发生电力短缺时,判断单元将电力短缺量通知到控制单元430。
接收到来自电力短缺判断单元420的电力短缺量的情况下,基于接收自数据输入单元410的车辆ID和可发电信号GPEN,控制单元430检测此时能够产生电力的车辆。于是,按照电力短缺量,控制单元430从检测到的车辆中选择被请求产生电力的车辆,并产生被给予所选车辆的起动指令ST。用于选择被请求产生电力的车辆的标准例如为从各车辆接收到的剩余可产生电力量RE,且具有较大剩余可产生电力量RE的车辆被首先选择。于是,控制单元430将所产生的起动指令ST输出到数据输出单元450。
另外,基于被请求产生电力的车辆的剩余可产生电力量RE和产生电力量OUT,控制单元430向电力产生指令单元440输出用于指示产生将被给予此车辆的电力产生指令GE(包括将被产生的电力的量)的信号。另外,当电力短缺被克服或当剩余可产生电力量RE变得小于为各车辆预先设置的基准值时,控制单元430产生停止指令STP,以便将所产生的停止指令STP输出到数据输出单元450。
按照来自控制单元430的指令,基于产生电力量OUT和剩余可产生电力量RE,电力产生指令单元440产生电力产生指令GE,并将所产生的电力产生指令GE输出到数据输出单元450。
数据输出单元450将从控制单元430接收到的起动指令ST或停止指令STP、从电力产生指令单元440接收到的电力产生指令GE经由送电线20输出到相关的车辆。
图5为图2所示动力输出设备110的总体框图。参照图5,动力输出设备110包含电池B、升压转换器510、变换器520与530、MG-ECU 540、电动发电机MG1与MG2、发动机ENG、燃料池TANK、驱动轮550、电容器C1与C2、电力供给线PL1与PL2、接地线SL。
电池B被连接在电力供给线PL1与接地线SL之间。电容器C1与电池B并联连接在电力供给线PL1与接地线SL之间。升压转换器510包含电抗器L、功率晶体管Q1与Q2、二极管D1与D2。功率晶体管Q1与Q2串联连接在电力供给线PL2与接地线SL之间。二极管D1与D2分别与功率晶体管Q1及Q2反向并联连接。电抗器L被连接在功率晶体管Q1与Q2间的连接点和电力供给线PL1之间。
电容器C2被连接在电力供给线PL2与接地线SL之间。变换器520包含U相臂522、V相臂524、W相臂526。U相臂522、V相臂524、W相臂526并联连接在电力供给线PL2与接地线SL之间。U相臂522由串联连接的功率晶体管Q11、Q12构成,V相臂524由串联连接的功率晶体管Q13、Q14构成,W相臂526由串联连接的功率晶体管Q15、Q16构成。二极管D11至D6分别与功率晶体管Q11至Q16反向并联。U、V、W各相臂的功率晶体管之间的连接点被连接到线圈的不同于电动发电机MG1中性点N1一端的另一端。
变换器530包含U相臂532、V相臂534、W相臂536。变换器530与变换器520类似地配置。U、V、W各相臂的功率晶体管之间的连接点被连接到不同于电动发电机MG2中性点N2一端的另一端。
发动机ENG经由耦合元件被耦合到电动发电机MG1。驱动轮550经由驱动轴被耦合到电动发电机MG2。AC输出线ACL1和ACL2分别被连接到电动发电机MG1的中性点N1和电动发电机MG2的中性点N2。
电池B为DC电源,并被配置为具有例如镍-氢电池或锂离子电池等二次电池。电池B产生DC电压,以便将所产生的DC电压输出到电力供给线PL1。另外,电池B被升压转换器510充电。电容器C1对电力供给线PL1和接地线SL之间的电压变动进行平滑。
基于来自MG-ECU 540的信号PWC,升压转换器510使用电抗器L对接收自电池B的DC电压进行升压,并将升压电压供到电力供给线PL2。另外,基于来自MG-ECU 540的信号PWC,升压转换器510对电力供给线PL2的电压进行降压,以便对电池B充电。电容器C2对电力供给线PL2与接地线SL之间的电压变动进行平滑。
基于来自MG-ECU 540的信号PWM1,变换器520将接收自电力供给线PL2的DC电压变换为三相AC电压,以便将所产生的三相AC电压输出到电动发电机MG1。另外,变换器520将由电动发电机MG1使用发动机ENG的动力产生的三相AC电压变换为DC电压,并将所产生的DC电压输出到电力供给线PL2。
基于来自MG-ECU 540的信号PWM2,变换器530将接收自电力供给线PL2的DC电压变换为三相AC电压,以便将所产生的三相AC电压输出到电动发电机MG2。另外,在车辆处于再生制动模式时,变换器530将由电动发电机MG2产生的三相AC电压变换为DC电压,以便将所产生的DC电压输出到电力供给线PL2。
在MG-ECU 40接收来自ECU 140(未示出,下面同样适用)的电流指令IAC和同步信号SYNC时,变换器520、530基于来自MG-ECU 540的相应信号PWM1、PWM2控制电动发电机MG1与MG2的中性点N1、N2的相应的电位,以便在相应的中性点N1、N2之间产生商用AC电力。
电动发电机MG1、MG2各自为三相AC电动发电机,其例如为三相AC同步电动发电机。电动发电机MG1使用来自发动机ENG的动力产生三相AC电压,并将所产生的三相AC电压输出到变换器520。另外,电动发电机MG1由接收自变换器520的三相AC电压产生驱动力,以便起动发动机ENG。电动发电机MG2由接收自变换器530的三相AC电压产生用于车辆的驱动转矩。另外,当车辆处于再生制动模式时,电动发电机MG2产生三相AC电压以便将所产生的AC电压输出到变换器530。
发动机ENG使用来自燃料池TANK的燃料产生动力,并借助所产生的动力驱动电动发电机MG1。来自发动机ENG的动力也经由动力分割装置(未示出)输出到驱动轮550。燃料池TANK向发动机ENG供给燃料。另外,燃料池TANK向ECU 140输出表示池中的剩余燃料量的信号FUEL。
基于电动发电机MG1、MG2的电机旋转数与转矩指令值、电池B的电压以及电力供给线PL2的电压,MG-ECU 540产生用于驱动升压转换器510的信号PWC,并将所产生的信号PWC输出到升压转换器510。注意,电机旋转数以及电池B和电力供给线PL2的相应电压由相应的传感器(未示出)检测。
另外,基于电力供给线PL2的电压以及电动发电机MG1的各相电流和转矩指令值,MG-ECU 540产生用于驱动电动发电机MG1的信号PWM1,以便将所产生的信号PWM1输出到变换器520。另外,基于电力供给线PL2的电压以及电动发电机MG2的各相电流和转矩指令值,MG-ECU 540产生用于驱动电动发电机MG2的信号PWM2,以便将所产生的信号PWM2输出到变换器530。注意,电动发电机MG1、MG2的各相电流由电流传感器(未示出)检测。
另外,接收到来自ECU 140的同步信号SYNC和电流指令IAC的情况下,MG-ECU 540产生信号PWM1、PWM2,使得与所接收到的同步信号SYNC同步且遵循电流指令IAC的商用AC电力在电动发电机MG1、MG2的相应的中性点N1、N2之间产生。
图6为一波形图,其示出了当在图5所示电动发电机MG1、MG2的相应的中性点N1、N2之间产生商用AC电力时的商用AC电力以及变换器520、530的占空总和。参照图6,曲线k1表示受到开关控制的变换器520的占空总和的变化,曲线k2表示受到开关控制的变换器530的占空总和的变化。这里,占空总和是通过从各变换器上臂的导通占空(on-duty)减去下臂的导通占空确定的。因此,在占空总和为正的情况下,有关的电动发电机的中性点电位高于变换器输入电压(电力供给线PL2的电压)的中间电位。在占空总和为负的情况下,中性点电位低于变换器输入电压的中间电位。
当商用AC电力在中性点N1、N2之间产生时,MG-ECU 540按照曲线k1(其与同步信号SYNC同步变化,且频率为商用电源的频率)改变变换器520的占空总和,按照曲线k2改变变换器530的占空总和。这里,曲线k2为曲线k1的反相版本。换句话说,可以与变换器520的占空总和变化的相位反相地周期性改变变换器530的占空总和。
相应地,在时刻t0到时刻t1的时间段中,中性点N1的电位高于变换器输入电压的中间电位,中性点N2的电位低于其中间电位。因此,在中性点N1、N2之间产生正的AC电压。在接下来的时刻t1到时刻t2的时间段中,中性点N1的电位低于变换器输入电压的中间电位,而中性点N2的电位高于其中间电位,故在中性点N1、N2之间产生负的AC电压。
通过这种方式,在中性点N1、N2之间产生具有商用电源频率的AC电压。根据接收自ECU 140的电流指令IAC,可对曲线k1、k2的幅值进行控制,以便在中性点N1、N2之间产生具有商用电源频率的商用AC电力。
注意,动力输出设备110可在驱动电动发电机MG1、MG2的同时在中性点N1、N2之间产生商用AC电力。因此,在被耦合到发动机ENG的电动发电机MG1在再生模式下被驱动(以产生电力)、被耦合到驱动轮550的电动发电机MG2以反作用受到控制(动力运行模式)时,可产生被供到送电线20的商用AC电力。
从上面可以看出,根据本实施例,管理服务器50获得与经由住宅30A、30B被连接到商用电力系统(送电线20)的车辆40A、40B有关的信息。于是,基于所获得的与车辆有关的信息,管理服务器50可找到能够应产生电力的请求供给电力的车辆40A、40B。因此,当发生商用电力系统的电力短缺时,车辆40A、40B可被用于向商用电力系统供给电力。相应地,可弥补发电所10中的电力供给短缺。
另外,由于调制解调器130经由关联的住宅30A(或30B)以及送电线20与管理服务器50通信,单独的通信专用线是不必要的。因此,通信成本能够得到缩减。
另外,各自为混合动力车的车辆40A、40B使用内燃机的动力来产生商用AC电力。当接收自车辆的剩余可产生电力量RE等于或小于基准值时,管理服务器50发布指令,停止商用AC电力的产生。因此,对于供给商用AC电力的车辆,最小程度行驶所必需的燃料得到保证,故车辆至少能行驶到最近的加油站。
注意,根据上面介绍的实施例,车辆40A、40B为混合动力车,其各自具有装在该混合动力车上的两个电动发电机MG1、MG2,且商用AC电力在电动发电机MG1、MG2的相应的中性点N1、N2之间产生。然而,本发明同样适用于具有专门用于产生商用AC电力的变换器的电力供给系统。
另外,根据上面介绍的实施例,车辆40A、40B为混合动力车。然而,车辆40A、40B可以为燃料电池车辆。
图7为在图1所示车辆40A、40B为燃料电池车辆的情况下动力输出设备110A的总体框图。参照图7,动力输出设备110A由燃料电池FC、氢池610、升压转换器510、变换器530与620、电动发电机MG2、驱动轮550组成。
燃料电池FC为通过使用供自氢池610的氢和氧化剂之间的化学反应将结果得到的化学能转变为电能来产生DC电力的电池。燃料电池FC将所产生的DC电力输出到升压转换器510。
变换器620被连接到电力供给线PL2和接地线SL。变换器620将接收自电力供给线PL2的DC电力转换为商用AC电力,以便将结果得到的商用AC电力输出到AC输出线ACL1、ACL2。
氢池610向燃料电池FC供给氢。另外,氢池610向ECU 140(未示出,在下面的说明中同样适用)输出表示氢的剩余量的信号FUEL(例如根据氢池610中的压力的信号)。ECU 140基于来自氢池610的信号FUEL计算剩余可产生电力量RE(kwh)(其为在将来能由此燃料电池车辆产生的电力的量),并将计算得到的剩余可产生电力量RE输出到电力公司的管理服务器50(其未在附图中特别示出)。
从上面可以看出,本发明的电力供给系统不仅适用于混合动力车,还适用于燃料电池车辆。
另外,尽管动力输出设备110、110A被介绍为具有升压转换器510的那些,本发明同样适用于任何不具有升压转换器510的系统。
另外,尽管上面示例性地介绍了两个车辆40A、40B被连接到电力供给系统1,大量车辆可被连接到电力供给系统1。
注意,上面介绍的住宅30A、30B对应于本发明的“至少一个连接设备”,上面介绍的管理服务器50对应于本发明的“管理设备”。上面介绍的动力输出设备110、110A对应于本发明的“电力产生设备”,上面介绍的调制解调器130对应于本发明的“通信设备”。另外,上面介绍的ECU140对应于本发明的“控制设备”,上面介绍的发动机ENG对应于本发明的“内燃机”。另外,变换器520与530、电动发电机MG1与MG2以及MG-ECU 540或变换器620为本发明“电力产生单元”的组成元件。
尽管详细介绍和示出了本发明,显然,可以明了,其仅仅是出于说明性和示例性,不是为了进行限制。本发明的精神和范围仅由所附权利要求书的条款限定。
Claims (12)
1.一种电力供给系统,其包含:
至少一个车辆,其能够产生商用电力以便将所产生的商用电力供到所述车辆的外部;
至少一个连接设备,其被对应地提供给所述至少一个车辆,并将所述至少一个车辆连接到商用电力系统;以及
管理设备,其对由被连接到所述商用电力系统的所述至少一个车辆进行的电力产生进行管理,其中,
所述至少一个车辆各自向所述管理设备输出与该车辆有关的信息,根据来自所述管理设备的请求产生所述商用电力,并经由对应的连接设备将所产生的所述商用电力输出到所述商用电力系统,且
基于所述信息,所述管理设备向输出所述信息的车辆作出产生所述商用电力的请求。
2.根据权利要求1的电力供给系统,其中:
所述至少一个车辆各自包含:
电力产生设备,其产生所述商用电力;
通信设备,其与所述管理设备通信,以及
控制设备,其经由所述通信设备将所述信息输出到所述管理设备,并根据经由所述通信设备接收的、来自所述管理设备的请求,指示所述电力产生设备产生所述商用电力。
3.根据权利要求2的电力供给系统,其中:
所述通信设备经由所述对应的连接设备以及所述商用电力系统与所述管理设备通信。
4.根据权利要求2的电力供给系统,其中:
所述电力产生设备包含:
内燃机;以及
电力产生单元,其使用借助所述内燃机的动力产生的电力来产生所述商用电力,
所述信息包含用于驱动所述内燃机的燃料的剩余量,且
当所述剩余量变得等于或小于预定量时,所述管理设备指示车辆停止产生所述商用电力。
5.根据权利要求2的电力供给系统,其中,
所述电力产生设备包含:
燃料电池;以及
电力产生单元,其使用输出自所述燃料电池的电力来产生所述商用电力,
所述信息包含所述燃料电池的燃料的剩余量,且
当所述剩余量变得等于或小于预定量时,所述管理设备指示车辆停止产生所述商用电力。
6.根据权利要求1的电力供给系统,其中,
多个所述车辆被连接到所述商用电力系统,且
根据所述商用电力系统的电力短缺量,所述管理设备从所述多个车辆中选择被请求供给所述商用电力的车辆。
7.一种电力供给系统,其包含:
至少一个车辆,其能够产生商用电力以便将所产生的商用电力供到所述车辆的外部;
至少一个连接装置,其被对应地提供给所述至少一个车辆,用于将所述至少一个车辆连接到商用电力系统;以及
管理装置,其用于对由被连接到所述商用电力系统的所述至少一个车辆进行的电力产生进行管理,其中,
所述至少一个车辆各自向所述管理装置输出与该车辆有关的信息,根据来自所述管理装置的请求产生所述商用电力,并经由对应的连接装置将所产生的所述商用电力输出到所述商用电力系统,且
基于所述信息,所述管理装置向输出所述信息的车辆做出产生所述商用电力的请求。
8.根据权利要求7的电力供给系统,其中,
所述至少一个车辆各自包含:
电力产生装置,其用于产生所述商用电力;
通信装置,其用于与所述管理装置通信;以及
控制装置,其用于经由所述通信装置向所述管理装置输出所述信息,并根据经由所述通信装置接收的、来自所述管理装置的请求,指示所述电力产生装置产生所述商用电力。
9.根据权利要求8的电力供给系统,其中,
所述通信装置经由所述对应的连接装置以及所述商用电力系统与所述管理装置通信。
10.根据权利要求8的电力供给系统,其中,
所述电力产生装置包含:
内燃机;以及
电力产生单元,其使用借助所述内燃机的动力产生的电力来产生所述商用电力,
所述信息包含用于驱动所述内燃机的燃料的剩余量,且
当所述剩余量变得等于或小于预定量时,所述管理装置指示车辆停止产生所述商用电力。
11.根据权利要求8的电力供给系统,其中,
所述电力产生装置包含:
燃料电池;以及
电力产生单元,其使用输出自所述燃料电池的电力来产生所述商用电力,
所述信息包含所述燃料电池的燃料的剩余量,且
当所述剩余量变得等于或小于预定量时,所述管理装置指示车辆停止产生所述商用电力。
12.根据权利要求7的电力供给系统,其中,
多个所述车辆被连接到所述商用电力系统,且
根据所述商用电力系统的电力短缺量,所述管理装置从所述多个车辆中选择被请求供给所述商用电力的车辆。
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JP2005168023A JP4678243B2 (ja) | 2005-06-08 | 2005-06-08 | 電力供給システム |
PCT/JP2006/310101 WO2006132070A1 (en) | 2005-06-08 | 2006-05-16 | Electric power supply system |
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CN101193769B CN101193769B (zh) | 2012-10-17 |
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US (1) | US7582979B2 (zh) |
EP (1) | EP1888365B2 (zh) |
JP (1) | JP4678243B2 (zh) |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CA2609713C (en) | 2012-03-06 |
CA2609713A1 (en) | 2006-12-14 |
EP1888365A1 (en) | 2008-02-20 |
EP1888365B1 (en) | 2010-12-29 |
DE602006019236D1 (de) | 2011-02-10 |
EP1888365B2 (en) | 2018-03-07 |
US20090058097A1 (en) | 2009-03-05 |
JP2006345621A (ja) | 2006-12-21 |
JP4678243B2 (ja) | 2011-04-27 |
WO2006132070A1 (en) | 2006-12-14 |
CN101193769B (zh) | 2012-10-17 |
US7582979B2 (en) | 2009-09-01 |
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