CN101189788A - 电机驱动设备和使用该设备的电气装置 - Google Patents
电机驱动设备和使用该设备的电气装置 Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
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- H02H7/10—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for converters; for rectifiers
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
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Abstract
一种电机驱动设备(1a)包括:斩断信号产生装置(151,153),用于在驱动器(14)的驱动电流已达到第一阈值时,产生斩断信号Sa;斩断信号中断装置(152,154),用于在驱动电流已达到比第一阈值大的第二阈值时,中断斩断信号Sa;以及过电流保护装置(16),用于在驱动电流已达到比第一阈值大的第三阈值且其持续时间已达到预定阈值时间时,产生过电流保护信号Se。因此,可以同时获得恒定电流斩断功能和过电流保护功能,并改善其可靠性和安全性。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及用于控制电机的驱动的电极驱动设备,并涉及结合有这种电机驱动设备的电气装置。更具体地,本发明涉及对这种电机驱动设备和电气装置的可靠性和安全性方面的改进。
背景技术
常规上已公开并提出了多种类型的电机驱动设备,这些设备检测流经输出级开关装置(功率晶体管)的电流,并斩断该开关装置的导通时间段,以将电流保持在预定目标值(即,具有所谓的恒定电流斩断功能)(见下文列出的专利文献1)。
还公开并提出了多种类型的电机驱动设备,这些设备检测由于输出端子的异常状态(例如,输出端子与电源电压短路)而引起的过电流,并在过电流持续超过预定阈值时间段时将开关装置锁定在切断状态(即,具有所谓的过电流保护功能)(见下文列出的专利文献2和3)。
专利文献1:JP-A-H11-206189
专利文献2:JP-A-H05-111144
专利文献3:JP-A-H05-111145
发明内容
本发明要解决的问题
的确,采用上述具有恒定电流斩断功能的电机驱动设备,可以将流经输出级开关装置的电流保持在预定目标值;采用上述具有过电流保护功能的电机驱动设备,可以在过电流发生时防止设备击穿、过热或发生其他损坏。
毫无疑问,可以使电机驱动设备只具备恒定电流斩断功能或只具备过电流保护功能。但是,如果电机驱动设备具备这两种功能,而两者之间没有进行任何协同操作,则恒定电流斩断功能可能意外地妨碍过电流保护功能。
现在将具体描述在此可能发生的情况。常规上,无论是否由于输出端子的异常状态而产生过电流,只要流经输出级开关装置的电流在预定目标值之上,则使输出级开关装置继续进行斩断,从而实现恒定电流斩断功能。
因此,如果电机驱动设备同时具备恒定电流斩断功能和过电流保护功能,而不考虑两者的相互干扰,则即使在连续过电流的情况下,恒定电流斩断功能也破坏过电流的连续性,最坏情况下会导致过电流保护功能无法检测到连续的过电流。
一旦发生这种情况,过电流保护功能不再起作用,并使斩断继续,同时过电流也不会被检测到。此时,输出级开关装置必须依靠其自身抗击穿性来保护自己免受击穿,因此,如果开关装置的抗击穿性较差,则间断的过电流可能最终击穿该开关装置。
本发明的目的是提供一种电机驱动设备,该设备具备彼此兼容的恒定电流斩断功能和过电流保护功能,从而以改善的可靠性和安全性进行操作,本发明的目的还在于提供一种结合有这种电机驱动设备的电气装置。
解决问题的手段
为了实现上述目的,根据本发明的一个方面,一种用于使输出级开关装置导通和切断以控制电机驱动的电机驱动设备包括:斩断信号产生装置,用于在流经所述开关装置的电流达到第一阈值时,产生用于斩断所述开关装置的导通时间段的斩断信号;斩断信号中断装置,用于在流经所述开关装置的电流达到比第一阈值大的第二阈值时,中断所述斩断信号;以及过电流保护装置,用于在流经所述开关装置的电流达到比第一阈值大的第三阈值、之后在与预定阈值时间段相等的持续时间上保持等于第三阈值时,产生用于将所述开关装置锁定在切断状态的过电流保护信号(第一配置)。
在第一配置的电机驱动设备中,第二阈值可以等于第三阈值(第二配置)。
第一和第二配置之一的电机驱动设备还可以包括用于在分离系统中产生第一和第二基准电压的装置,所述第一和第二基准电压的电压电平根据流经所述开关装置的电流而变化,从而当斩断信号产生装置和斩断信号中断装置分别基于第一基准电压产生和中断斩断信号时,过电流保护装置基于第二基准电压产生过电流保护信号(第三配置)。
根据本发明的另一方面,一种用于使输出级开关装置导通和切断以控制电机驱动的电机驱动设备包括:斩断信号产生装置,用于在流经所述开关装置的电流达到第一阈值时,产生用于斩断所述开关装置的导通时间段的斩断信号;过电流保护装置,用于在流经所述开关装置的电流达到比第一阈值大的第二阈值、之后在与预定阈值时间段相等的持续时间上保持等于第二阈值时,产生用于将所述开关装置锁定在切断状态的过电流保护信号;以及斩断信号产生装置,用于在过电流保护装置检测到流经所述开关装置的电流已达到比第一阈值大的第二阈值时,中断所述斩断信号(第四配置)。
第四配置的电机驱动设备还可以包括用于在分离系统中产生第一和第二基准电压的装置,所述第一和第二基准电压的电压电平根据流经所述开关装置的电流而变化,从而当斩断信号产生装置基于第一基准电压产生所述斩断信号时,过电流保护装置和斩断信号中断装置分别基于第二基准电压产生过电流保护信号和中断所述斩断信号(第五配置)。
根据本发明的另一方面,一种电气装置包括电机和用于控制所述电机的驱动的电机驱动设备。这里,所述电气装置包括第一到第五配置之一的电机驱动设备,作为所述电机驱动设备(第六配置)。
本发明的有益效果
本发明有助于实现具备彼此兼容的恒定电流斩断功能和过电流保护功能并因此以改善的可靠性和安全性进行操作的电机驱动设备和结合有该设备的电气装置。
附图说明
图1是示出了作为本发明第一实施例的电机驱动设备的方框图;
图2是示出了电机驱动设备1a如何执行恒定电流斩断和过电流保护的图;
图3是示出了作为本发明第二实施例的电机驱动设备的方框图;
图4是示出了电机驱动设备1b如何执行恒定电流斩断和过电流保护的图;
图5(a)和5(b)是分别示出了过电流保护部分16和18的可选配置示例的图;
图6是示出了作为本发明第一实施例的电机驱动设备的方框图;以及
图7是示出了电机驱动设备1c如何执行恒定电流斩断和过电流保护的图。
附图标记列表
1a,1b,1c 电机驱动设备
2 电机
3U,3V,3W 霍尔传感器
11 霍尔比较器
12 逻辑部分
13 预驱动器部分
14 驱动器部分
15,17 恒定电流斩断部分
151,171 比较器
152,172 比较器
153,173 斩断信号产生电路
154,174 与电路
155 反相器
16,18 过电流保护部分
161,181 检测电阻器
162,182 比较器
163,183 计时器电路
P1到P3 P沟道场效应晶体管(上侧输出)
N1到N3 N沟道场效应晶体管(下侧输出)
P4到P6 P沟道场效应晶体管(上侧监视)
N4到N6 N沟道场效应晶体管(下侧监视)
Rex1,Rex2 检测电阻器
具体实施方式
下面,以本发明应用于对三相全波电机的驱动进行控制的电机驱动设备情况为例,具体描述本发明。
图1是示出了作为本发明第一实施例的电机驱动设备的方框图(部分作为电路图示出)。
如图1所示,本实施例的电机驱动设备1a是半导体集成电路装置,该设备中集成有霍尔比较器11、逻辑部分12、预驱动器部分13、驱动器部分14、恒定电流斩断部分15和过电流保持部分16。从外部与电机驱动设备1a连接有:作为驱动目标的电机2;与电机2的各个相(U,V和W相)的线圈附着的霍尔传感器3U、3V和3W;以及检测电阻器Rex1(在本实施例中,其电阻是大约0.25Ω),用于检测驱动器部分14的地线侧中流动的驱动电流i1。
霍尔比较器11用作将从霍尔传感器3U、3V和3W馈入的各相的正弦霍尔信号(+/-)彼此比较,以产生各相的矩形输出信号并将其馈送至逻辑部分12的装置。
逻辑部分12用作对设备的整体操作进行控制(具体地,除了其他之外,基于来自霍尔比较器11的各相输出信号,对电机2的恒定速度驱动控制和相控制,以及恒定电流斩断驱动控制和过电流保护控制,稍后将对两者进行描述)的装置。更具体地,为了实现电机2的电机2的恒定速度驱动控制和相控制,基于来自霍尔比较器11的各相输出信号,逻辑部分12产生电机的各相的预驱动信号(uh,ul,vh,vl,wh和wl),并将这些信号馈送至预驱动器部分13,同时通过反馈控制对电机的转动速度和相进行控制。
预驱动器部分13用作对从逻辑部分12馈送的预驱动信号(uh,ul,vh,vl,wh和wl)进行电平移动和波形成形处理,以产生电机的各相驱动信号(UH、UL、VH、VL、WH和WL)并将这些信号馈送至驱动器部分14的装置。
驱动器部分14用作使以H桥配置连接的功率晶体管(P沟道场效应晶体管P1到P3以及N沟道场效应晶体管N1到N3)导通和截止以驱动电机2的装置。晶体管P1到P3是位于H桥配置的上侧部分的开关装置;晶体管N1到N3是位于H桥配置的下侧部分的开关装置。
晶体管P1到P3的源极共同与电源线连接;晶体管N1到N3共同与检测电阻器Rex1的一端连接。检测电阻器Rex1的另一端与地线连接。晶体管P1到P3的漏极与晶体管N1到N3的漏极逐相连接。它们的节点与电机2的各相线圈的一端连接。根据馈送至其各自栅极的驱动信号(UH、UL、VH、VL、WH和WL),使以H桥配置连接的功率晶体管导通和截止,从而驱动电机2。这里,电流i1流经检测电阻器Rex1,以在检测电阻器Rex1的一端产生电压电平随电流i1变化的第一基准电压Vref1。
在本实施例的电机驱动设备1a中,在正常操作期间,1到3A的电流i1流经检测电阻器Rex1,因此第一基准电压Vref1的电压电平通常在大约0.25与0.75V之间变化。
恒定电流斩断部分15包括比较器151和152、斩断信号产生电路153和与电路154。
比较器151根据施加至其非反相输入端子(+)上的第一基准电压Vref1和施加至其反相输入端子(-)上的第一阈值电压Vth1中哪个较高,移动其输出逻辑电平。具体地,当第一基准电压Vref1高于第一阈值电压Vth1时,比较器151输出高电平信号;当第一基准电压Vref1低于第一阈值电压Vth1时,比较器151输出低电平信号。比较器151的输出信号用作指示斩断信号产生电路153是否进行操作(即,指示其是否执行恒定电流斩断)的信号。因此,考虑到第一基准电压Vref1的正常电压范围(0.25到0.75V),适当设置第一阈值电压Vth1。在本实施例中,第一阈值电压Vth1设置为0.275V(与流经驱动器部分14中的开关装置的电流i1的第一阈值给定为1.1A的情况相对应)。
斩断信号产生电路153用作在比较器151的输出逻辑电平为高时产生用于斩断晶体管N1到N3的导通时间段的第一斩断信号(PWM或脉冲宽度调制信号)Sa的装置。
比较器152根据施加至其反相输入端子(-)上的第一基准电压Vref1和施加至其非反相输入端子(+)上的第二阈值电压Vth2中哪个较高,移动其输出逻辑电平。具体地,当第一基准电压Vref1高于第二阈值电压Vth2时,比较器152输出低电平信号;当第一基准电压Vref1低于第二阈值电压Vth2时,比较器152输出高电平信号。比较器152的输出信号用作对使第一斩断信号Sa有效还是无效进行确定的使能信号Sb。因此,将第二阈值电压Vth2适当设置为落在第一基准电压Vref1的正常电压范围之外(即,落入如下电压范围:存在发生过电流的危险,从而应该停止恒定电流斩断,以不妨碍过电流保护部分16的操作)。在本实施例中,第二阈值电压Vth2设置为1.2V(与流经驱动器部分14中的开关装置的电流i1的第二阈值给定为4.8A的情况相对应)。
与电路154用作对第一斩断信号Sa和中断信号Sb执行与运算以将其输出信号作为第二斩断信号Sc馈送至逻辑部分12的装置。具体地,当第一基准电压Vref1低于第二阈值电压Vth2时,与电路154原样不变地输出第一斩断信号Sa;当第一基准电压Vref1高于第二阈值电压Vth2时,与电路154输出低电平信号,而不管第一斩断信号Sa的电平如何。
过电流保护部分16包括N沟道场效应晶体管N4到N6、检测电阻器161、比较器162和计时器电路163。
晶体管N4到N6是与晶体管N1到N3同步地受控的开关装置。晶体管N4到N6的漏极和栅极分别与晶体管N1到N3的漏极和栅极连接。晶体管N4到N6的源极共同与检测电阻器161的一端连接。检测电阻器161的另一端与地线连接。因此,在晶体管N4到N6的导通期间,与电流i1行为相似的监视电流i2流经检测电阻器161。晶体管N4到N6的每个栅极的面积设置为晶体管N1到N3的每个栅极面积的1/n(在本实施例中,1/1000),因此监视电流i2是电流i1的1/n。
检测电阻器161是电阻性元件(在本实施例中,具有大约10Ω的电阻),监视电流i2流经其中。在检测电阻器161的一端,产生其电压电平根据监视电流i2而变化的第二基准电压Vref2。在本实施例的电机驱动设备1a中,在正常操作期间,0.001到0.003A的监视电流i2(电流i1的1/1000)流经检测电阻器161,因此第二基准电压Vref2的电压电平通常在大约0.01与0.03V之间变化。
比较器162根据施加至其非反相输入端子(+)上的第二基准电压Vref2和施加至其反相输入端子(-)上的第三阈值电压Vth3中哪个较高,移动其输出逻辑电平。具体地,当第二基准电压Vref2高于第三阈值电压Vth3时,比较器162输出高电平信号;当第二基准电压Vref2低于第三阈值电压Vth3时,比较器162输出低电平信号。比较器162的输出信号用作指示计时器电路163开始计数(即,指示连续过电流的开始点)的触发信号Sd。因此,将第三阈值电压Vth3适当设置为落在第二基准电压Vref2的正常电压范围之外(即,落入应该执行过电流保护的电压范围)。在本实施例中,第三阈值电压Vth3设置为0.048V(与流经驱动器部分14中的开关装置的电流i1的第三阈值给定为4.8A的情况相对应)。
计时器电路163(用作使能限制装置)在受到有效(变为高)的触发信号Sd的触发时,开始对预定屏蔽时间段T计数;之后,当触发信号Sd保持有效的持续时间达到屏蔽时间段T时,计时器电路163将其输出逻辑电平锁定在有效(高电平)状态。计时器电路163的输出信号馈送至逻辑部分12,用作将驱动器部分14中的开关装置锁定在截止状态的过电流保护信号Se(仅当触发信号Sd已保持有效长达屏蔽时间段T时才变得有效的信号)。
接下来,参照图2,对如上配置的电机驱动设备1a如何执行恒定电流斩断和过电流保护进行详细描述。
当流经驱动器部分14中的开关装置的电流i1在第一阈值(在本实施例中,1.1A)之下时,不等式“Vref1<Vth1,Vth2”成立,不等式“Vref2<Vth3”成立(图2中(X))。因此,第一斩断信号Sa为低,中断信号Sb为高,从而第二斩断信号Sc保持为低。触发信号Sd为低,因此过电流保护信号Se保持为低。这里,因为第二斩断信号Sc和过电流保护信号Se均为低,所以逻辑部分12识别出既不需要执行恒定电流斩断也不需要执行过电流保护。由此,向驱动器部分14中的开关装置馈送正常驱动信号(UH、UL、VH、VL、WH和WL)。
当电流i1等于或高于第一阈值、但低于第二和第三阈值(在本实施例中,均为4.8A)时,不等式“Vth1≤Vref1<Vth2”成立,不等式“Vref2<Vth3”成立(图2中(Y))。因此,第一斩断信号Sa开始成为PWM驱动的,而中断信号Sb继续为高。因此,第一斩断信号Sa不会被与电路154中断,而作为第二斩断信号Sc馈送至逻辑部分12。这里,因为第二斩断信号Sc是PWM驱动的,所以逻辑部分12产生针对各相下侧的预驱动信号(ul、vl和wl),以斩断晶体管N1到N3的导通时间段。由此,将PWM驱动信号(UL、VL和WL)馈送至晶体管N1到N3,以便执行正常的恒定电流斩断。只要电流i1在第三阈值之下,则如上所述,不等式“Vref2<Vth3”,从而触发信号Sd和过电流保护信号Se继续为低。因为过电流保护信号Se为低,所以逻辑部分12识别出过电流保护是不必要的。
当电流i1达到第二和第三阈值时,不等式“Vth1,Vth2≤Vref1”成立,不等式“Vth3≤Vref2”成立(图2中(Z))。因此,在第一斩断信号Sa继续是PWM驱动的同时,中断信号Sb的逻辑电平从高变为低。因此,第一斩断信号Sa被与电路154中断,此时将低电平信号作为第二斩断信号Sc馈送至逻辑部分12。由此,强制终止恒定电流斩断,从而向驱动器部分14中的开关装置馈送正常驱动信号(UH、UL、VH、VL、WH和WL)。
当电流i1达到第三阈值时,如上所述,不等式“Vth3≤Vref2”成立,因此触发信号Sd变高。因此,计时器电路163受到有效(变为高)的触发信号Sd的触发,开始计数;之后,当触发信号Sd已保持有效的持续时间达到预定屏蔽时间段T时,过电流保护信号Se锁定在有效(高电平)状态。这里,因为过电流保护信号Se处于有效状态,所以逻辑部分12识别出过电流的发生,从而产生各相的预驱动信号(uh、ul、vh、vl、wh和wl),以停止电机2的驱动。此时,馈送至晶体管P1到P3的驱动信号(UH、VH和WH)全部为高;馈送至晶体管N1到N3的驱动信号(UL、VL和WL)全部为低。因此,驱动器部分14中的开关装置全部锁定在截止状态,以完全停止电机2的驱动。
在本实施例的电机驱动设备1a中,在流经驱动器部分14中的开关装置的电流i1达到第二和第三阈值之后直到开始过电流保护为止的时间段中,即,在屏蔽时间段T中,过电流继续流入驱动器部分14中的开关装置,而不执行恒定电流斩断。因此,应该适当设置屏蔽时间段T的长度(大约为几百纳秒到几个微秒;在本实施例中,3微秒),使其足够长,以忽略不必要的噪声并由此避免错误的过电流检测,但也要足够短,以防止开关装置受到屏蔽时间段T的计数期间流入的过电流的损坏。
如上所述,本实施例的电机驱动设备1a包括:斩断信号产生装置151和153,用于在流经驱动器部分14中的开关装置的电流i1达到第一阈值(由第一阈值电压Vth1设置的阈值)时,产生用于斩断开关装置的导通时间段的第一斩断信号Sa;斩断信号中断装置152和154,用于在流经开关装置的电流i1达到比第一阈值大的第二阈值(由第二阈值电压Vth2设置的阈值)时,中断第一斩断信号Sa;以及过电流保护部分16,用于在流经开关装置的电流i1达到比第一阈值大的第三阈值(由第三阈值电压Vth3设置的阈值)、之后在等于预定屏蔽时间段T的持续时间中保持等于第三阈值时,产生用于将开关装置锁定在截止状态的过电流保护信号Se。
采用这种配置,在驱动器部分14中出现连续过电流的情况下,可以强制终止恒定电流斩断。因此,防止了恒定电流斩断破坏过电流的连续性,从而允许成功执行过电流保护部分16中的过电流检测以及过电流保护。
因此,本实施例的电机驱动设备1a与具有常规配置的设备相反,它不允许恒定电流斩断在过电流条件下继续执行。因此,即使当使用抗击穿性较低的晶体管作为驱动器部分14中的开关装置时,也可以有效地防止其被击穿。
即,采用本实施例的电机驱动设备1a,可以充分利用恒定电流斩断和过电流保护功能,而无需考虑它们的相互干扰,从而改善了设备的可靠性和安全性。
在本实施例的电机驱动设备1a中,分别由第二和第三阈值电压Vth2和Vth3设置的第二和第三阈值被设置为彼此相等。采用这种设置,理想上,恒定电流斩断的终止和过电流检测的开始(即,屏蔽时间段T的计数的开始)是同步触发的。这样,最小化了恒定电流斩断和过电流保护功能彼此干扰的时间段,从而改善了设备的可靠性和安全性。
本实施例的电机驱动设备1a包括用于在分离系统中产生第一和第二基准电压Vref1和Vref2的装置,第一和第二基准电压Vref1和Vref2的电压电平根据流经驱动器部分14中的开关装置的电流i1(或其监视电流i2)而变化,从而当恒定电流斩断部分15(斩断信号产生装置和斩断信号中断装置)基于第一基准电压Vref1产生及中断第一斩断信号Sa时,过电流保护部分16基于第二基准电压Vref2产生过电流保护信号Se。
采用这种配置,可以防止由于错误的过电流检测导致的误动作。特别地,采用由设备内部的检测电阻器161产生由过电流保护部分16作为基准的第二基准电压Vref2的配置,即使设备外部的检测电阻器Rex1接触较差、短路或发生其他故障,并由此无法正确产生第一基准电压Vref1,过电流保护(在过电流发生的情况下,将开关装置锁定在截止状态)也可以成功执行。这有助于改善设备的可靠性和安全性。
虽然上述实施例针对将本发明应用于对三相全波电机的驱动进行控制的电机驱动设备的示例,但是本发明的应用不限于这种电机驱动设备。本发明广泛应用于对任何其他类型的电机(例如DC电机和步进电机)进行驱动的电机驱动设备和结合有这种电机驱动设备的电子装置。
除了通过上述实施例具体描述的方式之外,在不背离本发明精神的前提下,可以进行多种修改和改变。
例如,虽然上述实施例针对通过检测流经驱动器部分14的地线侧的电流来实现恒定电流斩断和过电流保护功能的示例,但是本发明不限于这种配置。可以通过检测流经驱动器部分14的电源线侧的电流来实现这些功能。
图3是示出了作为本发明第二实施例的电机驱动设备的方框图(部分作为电路图示出)。在第一实施例中也可找到的部分由共同的附图标记标识,并不再重复对其的详细描述。
如图3所示,本实施例的电机驱动设备1b包括:恒定电流斩断部分17,其通过检测流经驱动器部分14的电源线侧的驱动电流i3,实现恒定电流斩断功能;以及过电流保护部分18,其通过检测驱动电流i3的监视电流i4,实现过电流保护功能。从外部与电机驱动设备1b连接的是检测电阻器Rex2(在本实施例中,具有大约0.25Ω的电阻),用于检测流经驱动器部分14的电源线侧的驱动电流i3。
驱动器部分14的晶体管P1到P3的源极共同与检测电阻器Rex2的一端连接。检测电阻器Rex2的另一端与电源线连接。晶体管N1到N3的源极共同与地线连接。晶体管P1到P3的漏极与晶体管N1到N3的漏极逐相连接。它们的节点与电机2的各相线圈的一端连接。根据馈送至其各自栅极的驱动信号(UH、UL、VH、VL、WH和WL),使以H桥配置连接的功率晶体管导通和截止,从而驱动电机2。这里,电流i3流经检测晶体管Rex2,以在其一端产生电压电平随电流i3变化的第三基准电压Vref3。
在本实施例的电机驱动设备1b中,在正常操作期间,1到3A的电流i3流经检测电阻器Rex2,因此,第三基准电压Vref3的电压电平通常在大约(Vcc-0.25)与(Vcc-0.75)V之间变化。
恒定电流斩断部分17包括比较器171和172、斩断信号产生电路173和与电路174。
比较器171根据施加至其反相输入端子(-)上的第三基准电压Vref3和施加至其非反相输入端子(+)上的第四阈值电压Vth4中哪个较高,移动其输出逻辑电平。具体地,当第三基准电压Vref3高于第四阈值电压Vth4时,比较器171输出低电平信号;当第三基准电压Vref3低于第四阈值电压Vth4时,比较器171输出高电平信号。比较器171的输出信号用作指示斩断信号产生电路173是否进行操作(即,指示其是否执行恒定电流斩断)的信号。因此,考虑到第三基准电压Vref3的正常电压范围((Vcc-0.25)到(Vcc-0.75)V),适当设置第四阈值电压Vth4。在本实施例中,第四阈值电压Vth4设置为(Vcc-0.275)V(与流经驱动器部分14中的开关装置的电流i3的第一阈值给定为的情况相对应)。
斩断信号产生电路173用作在比较器171的输出逻辑电平为高时产生用于斩断晶体管P1到P3的导通时间段的第一斩断信号(PWM或脉冲宽度调制信号)Sa的装置。
比较器172根据施加至其非反相输入端子(+)上的第三基准电压Vref3和施加至其反相输入端子(-)上的第五阈值电压Vth5中哪个较高,移动其输出逻辑电平。具体地,当第三基准电压Vref3高于第五阈值电压Vth5时,比较器172输出高电平信号;当第三基准电压Vref3低于第五阈值电压Vth5时,比较器172输出低电平信号。比较器172的输出信号用作对使第一斩断信号Sa有效还是无效进行确定的使能信号Sb。因此,将第五阈值电压Vth5适当设置为落在第三基准电压Vref3的正常电压范围之外(即,落入如下电压范围:存在发生过电流的危险,从而应该停止恒定电流斩断,以不妨碍过电流保护部分18的操作)。在本实施例中,第五阈值电压Vth5设置为(Vcc-1.2)V(与流经驱动器部分14中的开关装置的电流i3的第二阈值给定为4.8A的情况相对应)。
与电路174用作对第一斩断信号Sa和中断信号Sb执行与运算以将其输出信号作为第二斩断信号Sc馈送至逻辑部分12的装置。具体地,当第三基准电压Vref3高于第五阈值电压Vth5时,与电路174原样不变地输出第一斩断信号Sa;当第三基准电压Vref3低于第五阈值电压Vth5时,与电路174输出低电平信号,而不管第一斩断信号Sa的电平如何。
过电流保护部分18包括P沟道场效应晶体管P4到P6、检测电阻器181、比较器182和计时器电路183。
晶体管P4到P6是与晶体管P1到P3同步地受控的开关装置。晶体管P4到P6的漏极和栅极分别与晶体管P1到P3的漏极和栅极连接。晶体管P4到P6的源极共同与检测电阻器181的一端连接。检测电阻器181的另一端与电源线连接。因此,在晶体管P4到P6的导通期间,与电流i3行为相似的监视电流i4流经检测电阻器181。晶体管P4到P6的每个栅极的面积设置为晶体管P1到P3的每个栅极面积的1/n(在本实施例中,1/1000),因此监视电流i4是电流i3的1/n。
检测电阻器181是电阻性元件(在本实施例中,具有大约10Ω的电阻),监视电流i4流经其中。在检测电阻器181的一端,产生其电压电平根据监视电流i4而变化的第四基准电压Vref4。在本实施例的电机驱动设备1b中,在正常操作期间,0.001到0.003A的监视电流i4(电流i3的1/1000)流经检测电阻器181,因此第四基准电压Vref4的电压电平通常在大约(Vcc-0.01)与(Vcc-0.03)V之间变化。
比较器182根据施加至其反相输入端子(-)上的第四基准电压Vref4和施加至其非反相输入端子(+)上的第六阈值电压Vth6中哪个较高,移动其输出逻辑电平。具体地,当第四基准电压Vref4高于第六阈值电压Vth6时,比较器182输出低电平信号;当第四基准电压Vref4低于第六阈值电压Vth6时,比较器182输出高电平信号。比较器182的输出信号用作指示计时器电路183开始计数(即,指示连续过电流的开始点)的触发信号Sd。因此,将第六阈值电压Vth6适当设置为落在第四基准电压Vref4的正常电压范围之外(即,落入应该执行过电流保护的电压范围)。在本实施例中,第六阈值电压Vth6设置为(Vcc-0.048)V(与流经驱动器部分14中的开关装置的电流i3的第三阈值给定为4.8A的情况相对应)。
计时器电路183(用作使能限制装置)在受到有效(变为高)的触发信号Sd的触发时,开始对预定屏蔽时间段T计数;之后,当触发信号Sd保持有效的持续时间达到屏蔽时间段T时,计时器电路183将其输出逻辑电平锁定在有效(高电平)状态。计时器电路183的输出信号馈送至逻辑部分12,用作将驱动器部分14中的开关装置锁定在截止状态的过电流保护信号Se(仅当触发信号Sd已保持有效长达屏蔽时间段T时才变得有效的信号)。
接下来,参照图4,对如上配置的电机驱动设备1b如何执行恒定电流斩断和过电流保护进行详细描述。
当流经驱动器部分14中的开关装置的电流i3在第一阈值(在本实施例中,1.1A)之下时,不等式“Vth4,Vth5<Vref3”成立,不等式“Vth6<Vref4”成立(图4中(X))。因此,第一斩断信号Sa为低,中断信号Sb为高,从而第二斩断信号Sc保持为低。触发信号Sd为低,因此过电流保护信号Se保持为低。这里,因为第二斩断信号Sc和过电流保护信号Se均为低,所以逻辑部分12识别出既不需要执行恒定电流斩断也不需要执行过电流保护。由此,向驱动器部分14中的开关装置馈送正常驱动信号(UH、UL、VH、VL、WH和WL)。
当电流i3等于或高于第一阈值、但低于第二和第三阈值(在本实施例中,均为4.8A)时,不等式“Vth5≤Vref3<Vth4”成立,不等式“Vth6<Vref4”成立(图4中(Y))。因此,第一斩断信号Sa开始成为PWM驱动的,而中断信号Sb继续为高。因此,第一斩断信号Sa不会被与电路174中断,而作为第二斩断信号Sc馈送至逻辑部分12。这里,因为第二斩断信号Sc是PWM驱动的,所以逻辑部分12产生针对各相高侧的预驱动信号(uh、vh和wh),以斩断晶体管P1到P3的导通时间段。由此,将PWM驱动信号(UH、VH和WH)馈送至晶体管P1到P3,以便执行正常的恒定电流斩断。只要电流i3在第三阈值之下,则如上所述,不等式“Vth6<Vref4”,从而触发信号Sd和过电流保护信号Se继续为低。因为过电流保护信号Se为低,所以逻辑部分12识别出过电流保护是不必要的。
当电流i3达到第二和第三阈值时,不等式“Vref3≤Vth4,Vth5”成立,不等式“Vref4≤Vth6”成立(图4中(Z))。因此,在第一斩断信号Sa继续是PWM驱动的同时,中断信号Sb的逻辑电平从高变为低。因此,第一斩断信号Sa被与电路174中断,此时将低电平信号作为第二斩断信号Sc馈送至逻辑部分12。由此,强制终止恒定电流斩断,从而向驱动器部分14中的开关装置馈送正常驱动信号(UH、UL、VH、VL、WH和WL)。
当电流i3达到第三阈值时,如上所述,不等式“Vref4≤Vth6”成立,因此触发信号Sd变高。因此,计时器电路183受到有效(变为高)的触发信号Sd的触发,开始计数;之后,当触发信号Sd已保持有效的持续时间达到预定屏蔽时间段T时,过电流保护信号Se锁定在有效(高电平)状态。这里,因为过电流保护信号Se处于有效状态,所以逻辑部分12识别出过电流的发生,从而产生各相的预驱动信号(uh、ul、vh、vl、wh和wl),以停止电机2的驱动。此时,馈送至晶体管P1到P3的驱动信号(UH、VH和WH)全部为高;馈送至晶体管N1到N3的驱动信号(UL、VL和WL)全部为低。因此,驱动器部分14中的开关装置全部锁定在截止状态,以完全停止电机2的驱动。
在本实施例的电机驱动设备1b中,在流经驱动器部分14中的开关装置的电流i3达到第二和第三阈值之后直到开始过电流保护为止的时间段中,即,在屏蔽时间段T中,过电流继续流入驱动器部分14中的开关装置,而不执行恒定电流斩断。因此,应该适当设置屏蔽时间段T的长度(大约为几百纳秒到几个微秒;在本实施例中,3微秒),使其足够长,以忽略不必要的噪声并由此避免错误的过电流检测,但也要足够短,以防止开关装置受到屏蔽时间段T的计数期间流入的过电流的损坏。
如上所述,本实施例的电机驱动设备1b包括:斩断信号产生装置171和173,用于在流经驱动器部分14中的开关装置的电流i3达到第一阈值(由第四阈值电压Vth4设置的阈值)时,产生用于斩断开关装置的导通时间段的第一斩断信号Sa;斩断信号中断装置172和174,用于在流经开关装置的电流i3达到比第一阈值大的第二阈值(由第五阈值电压Vth5设置的阈值)时,中断第一斩断信号Sa;以及过电流保护部分18,用于在流经开关装置的电流i3达到比第一阈值大的第三阈值(由第六阈值电压Vth6设置的阈值)、之后在等于预定屏蔽时间段T的持续时间中保持等于第三阈值时,产生用于将开关装置锁定在截止状态的过电流保护信号Se。
采用这种配置,在驱动器部分14中出现连续过电流的情况下,可以强制终止恒定电流斩断。因此,防止了恒定电流斩断破坏过电流的连续性,从而允许成功执行过电流保护部分18中的过电流检测以及过电流保护。
因此,本实施例的电机驱动设备1b与具有常规配置的设备相反,它不允许恒定电流斩断在过电流条件下继续执行。因此,即使当使用抗击穿性较低的晶体管作为驱动器部分14中的开关装置时,也可以有效地防止其被击穿。
即,采用本实施例的电机驱动设备1b,可以充分利用恒定电流斩断和过电流保护功能,而无需考虑它们的相互干扰,从而改善了设备的可靠性和安全性。
在本实施例的电机驱动设备1b中,分别由第五和第六阈值电压Vth5和Vth6设置的第二和第三阈值被设置为彼此相等。采用这种设置,理想上,恒定电流斩断的终止和过电流检测的开始(即,屏蔽时间段T的计数的开始)是同步触发的。这样,最小化了恒定电流斩断和过电流保护功能彼此干扰的时间段,从而改善了设备的可靠性和安全性。
本实施例的电机驱动设备1b包括用于在分离系统中产生第三和第四基准电压Vref3和Vref4的装置,第三和第四基准电压Vref3和Vref4的电压电平根据流经驱动器部分14中的开关装置的电流i3(或其监视电流i4)而变化,从而当恒定电流斩断部分17(斩断信号产生装置和斩断信号中断装置)基于第三基准电压Vref3产生及中断第一斩断信号Sa时,过电流保护部分18基于第四基准电压Vref4产生过电流保护信号Se。
采用这种配置,可以防止由于错误的过电流检测导致的误动作。特别地,采用由设备内部的检测电阻器181产生由过电流保护部分18作为基准的第四基准电压Vref4的配置,即使设备外部的检测电阻器Rex2接触较差、短路或发生其他故障,并由此无法正确产生第三基准电压Vref3,过电流保护(在过电流发生的情况下,将开关装置锁定在截止状态)也可以成功执行。这有助于改善设备的可靠性和安全性。
虽然上述第一实施例针对由比较第一基准电压Vref1与第二阈值电压Vth2的比较器152控制是否中断第一斩断信号Sa的示例,本发明不限于该配置。可以由过电流保护部分16基于过电流检测的结果(触发信号Sd)来实现中断斩断信号的功能。
图6是示出了作为本发明第三实施例的电机驱动设备的方框图(部分作为电路图示出)。在第一实施例中也可找到的部分由共同的附图标记标识,并不再重复对其的详细描述。
在本实施例的电机驱动设备1c中,恒定电流斩断部分15包括用于反转来自过电流保护部分16的触发信号Sd的反相器155,以取代上述的比较器152,因此,反相器155用作用于产生馈送至与电路154的中断信号Sd的装置。
具体地,当第二基准电压Vref2高于第三阈值电压Vth3,并且由此来自过电流保护部分16的触发信号Sd为高时,反相器155输出低电平,作为中断信号Sb;相反,当第二基准电压Vref2低于第三阈值电压Vth3,并且由此来自过电流保护部分16的触发信号Sd为低时,反相器155输出高电平,作为中断信号Sb。
与电路154用作对第一斩断信号Sa和中断信号Sb执行与运算以将其输出信号作为第二斩断信号Sc馈送至逻辑部分12的装置。具体地,当第二基准电压Vref2低于第三阈值电压Vth3时,与电路154原样不变地输出第一斩断信号Sa;当第二基准电压Vref2高于第三阈值电压Vth3时,与电路154输出低电平信号,而不管第一斩断信号Sa的电平如何。
接下来,参照图7,对如上配置的电机驱动设备1c如何执行恒定电流斩断和过电流保护进行详细描述。
当流经驱动器部分14中的开关装置的电流i1在第一阈值(在本实施例中,1.1A)之下时,不等式“Vref1<Vth1”成立,不等式“Vref2<Vth3”成立(图7中(X))。因此,第一斩断信号Sa和触发信号Sd均为低,中断信号Sb为高。因此第二斩断信号Sc和过电流保护信号Se均保持为低。这里,因为第二斩断信号Sc和过电流保护信号Se均为低,所以逻辑部分12识别出既不需要执行恒定电流斩断也不需要执行过电流保护。由此,向驱动器部分14中的开关装置馈送正常驱动信号(UH、UL、VH、VL、WH和WL)。
当电流i1等于或高于第一阈值、但低于第三阈值(在本实施例中,均为4.8A)时,不等式“Vth1≤Vref1”成立,不等式“Vref2<Vth3”成立(图7中(Y))。因此,第一斩断信号Sa开始成为PWM驱动的,而中断信号Sb继续为高。因此,第一斩断信号Sa不会被与电路154中断,而作为第二斩断信号Sc馈送至逻辑部分12。这里,因为第二斩断信号Sc是PWM驱动的,所以逻辑部分12产生针对各相下侧的预驱动信号(ul、vl和wl),以斩断晶体管N1到N3的导通时间段。由此,将PWM驱动信号(UL、VL和WL)馈送至晶体管N1到N3,以便执行正常的恒定电流斩断。只要电流i1在第三阈值之下,则如上所述,不等式“Vref2<Vth3”成立,从而触发信号Sd和过电流保护信号Se继续为低。因为过电流保护信号Se为低,所以逻辑部分12识别出过电流保护是不必要的。
当电流i1达到第三阈值时,不等式“Vth1≤Vref1”成立,不等式“Vth3≤Vref2”成立(图7中(Z))。因此,当第一斩断信号Sa继续是PWM驱动的时,由于触发信号Sd变高,导致中断信号Sb的逻辑电平从高变为低。因此,第一斩断信号Sa被与电路154中断,此时将低电平信号作为第二斩断信号Sc馈送至逻辑部分12。由此,强制终止恒定电流斩断,从而向驱动器部分14中的开关装置馈送正常驱动信号(UH、UL、VH、VL、WH和WL)。
当电流i1达到第三阈值时,如上所述,不等式“Vth3≤Vref2”成立,因此触发信号Sd变高。因此,计时器电路163受到有效(变为高)的触发信号Sd的触发,开始计数;之后,当触发信号Sd已保持有效的持续时间达到预定屏蔽时间段T时,过电流保护信号Se锁定在有效(高电平)状态。这里,因为过电流保护信号Se处于有效状态,所以逻辑部分12识别出过电流的发生,从而产生各相的预驱动信号(uh、ul、vh、vl、wh和wl),以停止电机2的驱动。此时,馈送至晶体管P1到P3的驱动信号(UH、VH和WH)全部为高;馈送至晶体管N1到N3的驱动信号(UL、VL和WL)全部为低。因此,驱动器部分14中的开关装置全部锁定在截止状态,以完全停止电机2的驱动。
在本实施例的电机驱动设备1c中,在流经驱动器部分14中的开关装置的电流i1达到第三阈值之后直到开始过电流保护为止的时间段中,即,在屏蔽时间段T中,过电流继续流入驱动器部分14中的开关装置,而不执行恒定电流斩断。因此,应该适当设置屏蔽时间段T的长度(大约为几百纳秒到几个微秒;在本实施例中,3微秒),使其足够长,以忽略不必要的噪声并由此避免错误的过电流检测,但也要足够短,以防止开关装置受到屏蔽时间段T的计数期间流入的过电流的损坏。
如上所述,本实施例的电机驱动设备1c包括:斩断信号产生装置151和153,用于在流经驱动器部分14中的开关装置的电流i1达到第一阈值(由第一阈值电压Vth1设置的阈值)时,产生用于斩断开关装置的导通时间段的第一斩断信号Sa;过电流保护部分16,用于在流经开关装置的电流i1达到比第一阈值大的第三阈值(由第三阈值电压Vth3设置的阈值)、之后在等于预定屏蔽时间段T的持续时间中保持等于第三阈值时,产生用于将开关装置锁定在截止状态的过电流保护信号Se;以及斩断信号中断装置154和155,用于在过电流保护部分16检测到流经开关装置的电流已达到比第一阈值大的第三阈值时(在第三实施例中,当触发信号Sd变为高时),中断第一斩断信号Sa。
采用这种配置,可以在不使用比较器152的情况下实现与第一实施例中相同的效果。这有助于减小设备的尺寸和降低成本。
本实施例的电机驱动设备1c包括用于在分离系统中产生第一和第二基准电压Vref1和Vref2的装置,第一和第二基准电压Vref1和Vref2的电压电平根据流经驱动器部分14中的开关装置的电流i1(或其监视电流i2)而变化,从而当恒定电流斩断部分15中的斩断信号产生装置151和153基于第一基准电压Vref1产生第一斩断信号Sa时,过电流保护部分16和恒定电流斩断部分15中的斩断信号中断装置154和155基于第二基准电压Vref2,分别产生和中断过电流保护信号Se和第一斩断信号Sa。
采用这种配置,可以防止由于错误的过电流检测导致的误动作。特别地,采用由设备内部的检测电阻器161产生由过电流保护部分16作为基准的第二基准电压Vref2的配置,即使设备外部的检测电阻器Rex1接触较差、短路或发生其他故障,并由此无法正确产生第一基准电压Vref1,过电流保护(在过电流发生的情况下,将开关装置锁定在截止状态)也可以成功执行。这有助于改善设备的可靠性和安全性。
在上述第一到第三实施例的电机驱动设备1a到1c中,可以使用N沟道场效应晶体管作为驱动器部分14的功率晶体管P1到P3。
可以分别如图5(a)和5(b)所示地配置过电流保护部分16和18。具体地,可以将检测电阻器161和181两端的电压分别施加到各自具有几十毫伏的偏置电压(与前述第三阈值Vth3相对应)的比较器162和182上,从而分别根据比较器162和182的输出逻辑电平使计时器电路163和183开启和关闭。
工业应用性
本发明提供了一种改善电机驱动设备和结合有该电机驱动设备的电气装置的可靠性和安全性的有用技术,并适合各种执行恒定电流斩断的电机驱动设备,例如DC电机、步进电机和三相无刷电机。
Claims (6)
1.一种电机驱动设备,用于使输出级开关装置导通和切断以控制电机的驱动,所述电机驱动设备包括:
斩断信号产生装置,用于在流经所述开关装置的电流达到第一阈值时,产生用于斩断所述开关装置的导通时间段的斩断信号;
斩断信号中断装置,用于在流经所述开关装置的电流达到比第一阈值大的第二阈值时,中断所述斩断信号;以及
过电流保护装置,用于在流经所述开关装置的电流达到比第一阈值大的第三阈值、之后在与预定阈值时间段相等的持续时间上保持等于第三阈值时,产生用于将所述开关装置锁定在切断状态的过电流保护信号。
2.如权利要求1所述的电机驱动设备,
其中,第二阈值等于第三阈值。
3.如权利要求1所述的电机驱动设备,还包括:
用于在分离的系统中产生第一和第二基准电压的装置,所述第一和第二基准电压的电压电平根据流经所述开关装置的电流而变化,
其中斩断信号产生装置和斩断信号中断装置基于第一基准电压分别产生和中断所述斩断信号,过电流保护装置基于第二基准电压产生所述过电流保护信号。
4.一种电机驱动设备,用于使输出级开关装置导通和切断以控制电机的驱动,所述电机驱动设备包括:
斩断信号产生装置,用于在流经所述开关装置的电流达到第一阈值时,产生用于斩断所述开关装置的导通时间段的斩断信号;
过电流保护装置,用于在流经所述开关装置的电流达到比第一阈值大的第二阈值、之后在与预定阈值时间段相等的持续时间上保持等于第二阈值时,产生用于将所述开关装置锁定在切断状态的过电流保护信号;以及
斩断信号中断装置,用于在过电流保护装置检测到流经所述开关装置的电流已达到比第一阈值大的第二阈值时,中断所述斩断信号。
5.如权利要求4所述的电机驱动设备,还包括:
用于在分离的系统中产生第一和第二基准电压的装置,所述第一和第二基准电压的电压电平根据流经所述开关装置的电流而变化,
其中斩断信号产生装置基于第一基准电压产生所述斩断信号,过电流保护装置和斩断信号中断装置基于第二基准电压分别产生所述过电流保护信号和中断所述斩断信号。
6.一种电气装置,包括:
电机;以及
电机驱动设备,用于控制所述电机的驱动,
其中所述电气装置包括权利要求1到5之一所述的电机驱动设备,作为所述电机驱动设备。
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Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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JP202414/2005 | 2005-07-12 | ||
JP2005202414 | 2005-07-12 | ||
JP128931/2006 | 2006-05-08 | ||
JP2006128931A JP4879645B2 (ja) | 2005-07-12 | 2006-05-08 | モータ駆動装置及びこれを用いた電気機器 |
PCT/JP2006/313749 WO2007007742A1 (ja) | 2005-07-12 | 2006-07-11 | モータ駆動装置及びこれを用いた電気機器 |
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- 2006-07-11 CN CN2006800199023A patent/CN101189788B/zh active Active
- 2006-07-11 US US11/995,026 patent/US7848066B2/en active Active
- 2006-07-11 WO PCT/JP2006/313749 patent/WO2007007742A1/ja active Application Filing
- 2006-07-11 KR KR1020077025758A patent/KR20070122230A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2006-07-12 TW TW095125380A patent/TW200711287A/zh unknown
Cited By (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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CN103312260A (zh) * | 2012-03-13 | 2013-09-18 | 晶致半导体股份有限公司 | 具有最低转速及最高转速设定的马达驱动装置 |
CN103312260B (zh) * | 2012-03-13 | 2015-08-19 | 晶致半导体股份有限公司 | 具有最低转速及最高转速设定的马达驱动装置 |
CN103457243A (zh) * | 2013-09-02 | 2013-12-18 | 深圳市大族激光科技股份有限公司 | 直流电机保护电路 |
CN103457243B (zh) * | 2013-09-02 | 2016-09-14 | 大族激光科技产业集团股份有限公司 | 直流电机保护电路 |
CN104849526A (zh) * | 2014-02-17 | 2015-08-19 | 罗伯特·博世有限公司 | 用于识别集成电路的供电电压误差的方法 |
CN104849526B (zh) * | 2014-02-17 | 2019-07-16 | 罗伯特·博世有限公司 | 用于识别集成电路的供电电压误差的方法 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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JP2007049888A (ja) | 2007-02-22 |
US7848066B2 (en) | 2010-12-07 |
TW200711287A (en) | 2007-03-16 |
KR20070122230A (ko) | 2007-12-28 |
WO2007007742A1 (ja) | 2007-01-18 |
US20100117577A1 (en) | 2010-05-13 |
CN101189788B (zh) | 2010-10-06 |
JP4879645B2 (ja) | 2012-02-22 |
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