CN101146872B - 生色团涂覆的金属氧化物颗粒 - Google Patents
生色团涂覆的金属氧化物颗粒 Download PDFInfo
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- CN101146872B CN101146872B CN2006800094110A CN200680009411A CN101146872B CN 101146872 B CN101146872 B CN 101146872B CN 2006800094110 A CN2006800094110 A CN 2006800094110A CN 200680009411 A CN200680009411 A CN 200680009411A CN 101146872 B CN101146872 B CN 101146872B
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- metal
- oxide particle
- chromophore
- acid
- oxide
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- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 64
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- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 24
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09C—TREATMENT OF INORGANIC MATERIALS, OTHER THAN FIBROUS FILLERS, TO ENHANCE THEIR PIGMENTING OR FILLING PROPERTIES ; PREPARATION OF CARBON BLACK ; PREPARATION OF INORGANIC MATERIALS WHICH ARE NO SINGLE CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS AND WHICH ARE MAINLY USED AS PIGMENTS OR FILLERS
- C09C1/00—Treatment of specific inorganic materials other than fibrous fillers; Preparation of carbon black
- C09C1/36—Compounds of titanium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D213/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
- C07D213/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
- C07D213/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom
- C07D213/24—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom with substituted hydrocarbon radicals attached to ring carbon atoms
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Abstract
发明提供了一种被涂覆金属氧化物颗粒,其中金属氧化物颗粒被涂覆有至少一种具有UV-A和/或UV-B和/或UV-C和/或宽带滤光活性的可交联生色团以及可选的至少一种不具有UV-A和/或UV-B和/或UV-C和/或宽带滤光活性的可交联单体。本发明还提供了获得所述被涂覆金属氧化物颗粒的方法,以及这种被涂覆金属氧化物颗粒特别是在抵御有害日光的化妆品或皮肤用制剂中的用途。
Description
本发明涉及新的UV滤光剂、它们的制备方法及其在防止人类皮肤或毛发受到日光损害的制剂中的用途。所述新的UV滤光剂是用包含至少一种可交联生色团的可交联单体的混合物涂覆的金属氧化物颗粒。
暴露在大量有害日光中的人群对遮光保护剂的需求持续增加。反复暴露在日照下可导致皮肤变性,称为皮肤光老化。光老化皮肤呈现的临床变性与避免日光的身体部位的正常老化的皮肤有所不同。皮肤暴露于大量日照的有害后果包括皱纹增多、弹性组织变性、色素变性、癌前期病变和癌性病变。
过去已经开发了很多防止UV-A(320-400nm)或UV-B(290-320nm)波长甚至更短波长(UV-C)损害的遮光化学品。最近开发出了为皮肤遮挡UV-A和UV-B辐射的新一类遮光化学品,即宽带UV滤光剂。这些化学品通常以单独或彼此组合的方式混合在公知且广泛使用的化妆品或药物制剂中。
化妆品或皮肤用组合物中所用的大多数UV滤光剂是单体化合物,而这种化合物固有地存在穿透皮肤阻挡层的危险,这是极不期望的。可为线性或环状的基于聚硅氧烷的UV滤光剂在例如WO 93/04665、WO94/06404、EP-A 538431、EP-A 392883和EP-A 358584中有描述。这些聚硅氧烷可降低皮肤穿透的可能性,但是不相容性的问题导致有时难以将聚硅氧烷结合到化妆品或皮肤用组合物中,这些不相容性问题依赖于与聚硅氧烷共价键合的UV活性生色团而有所不同。
EP-A 1205178和EP-A 1205177建议,通过固定皮肤用或化妆品组合物中存在的活性成分或UV滤光剂来降低例如UV滤光剂的活性成分透入皮肤的可能性并减少可能由此引起的皮肤损伤或过敏。上述文献公开了包含无机颜料和基于有机化合物的活性成分的共轭物,其中所述有机化合物通过间隔基团与所述无机颜料共价键合。因此,这些文献所公开的共轭物包含无机颜料,并在该颜料表面上化学键合生色团。
除了碳基生色团以外,遮光剂中还广泛使用诸如二氧化钛或氧化锌之类的金属氧化物。这种遮光作用主要基于有害UV辐射的反射、散射和吸收,并且主要依赖于金属氧化物的初级颗粒尺寸。
然而,在遮光组合物中结合金属氧化物会导致严重的问题,具体来讲,在许多成品制剂中,诸如二氧化钛或氧化锌之类的许多金属氧化物倾向于团聚,从而导致其作为遮光剂的效率损失,并且由于涂覆于皮肤时所谓的“增白效应”而导致外观从美学角度难以接受。而且,当与化妆品或皮肤用制剂的其它常用成分一起使用时,诸如二氧化钛或氧化锌之类的金属氧化物表现出制剂不相容性。尤其不期望的是与其它UV遮光剂(例如二苯甲酰基甲烷衍生物,如4,4’-甲氧基-叔丁基二苯甲酰基甲烷)不相容,这会导致制剂显色,这是极不期望的。此外,已知未处理的金属氧化物具有光催化活性,由此而引发反应,这可能导致遮光剂组分变化或造成皮肤刺激。
已经提出各种涂层来改性金属氧化物的表面,以使其容易地结合在制剂中,并且避免制剂不相容性和降低光催化活性,这些涂层例如是聚二甲基硅氧烷(simethicone)、甲基硅氧烷(methicone)和三乙氧基辛酰基硅烷以及二氧化硅,例如EP-A 1281388和DE-A 10333029中所述。特别地,考虑到金属氧化物的光催化活性,建议用不因光催化反应而变质的无机涂层来涂覆金属氧化物颗粒。基于煅烧氧化铝和其它氧化物的涂层是已知的。EP-A 988853、EP-A 1284277和US-A 5562897公开了氧化硅涂覆的金属氧化物粉末。
尽管这些涂层解决了某些与在遮光组合物中使用金属氧化物颗粒作为UV吸收或散射颗粒相关的问题,但是依然存在对改进的被涂覆金属氧化物颗粒的需求,特别是对UV吸收和/或散射颗粒的需求,这种颗粒可以吸收或散射UV光范围内的各种光,而且可以避免在将这些UV吸收颗粒结合在化妆品或皮肤用组合物中后产生的各种问题。
需要提供不具有现有UV滤光剂的缺陷的UV滤光剂。这些滤光剂应当具有优异的UV滤光活性、易于获取并且与化妆品或皮肤用组合物的其它常用成分相容以及与其它UV遮光剂(或UV滤光剂,这两个术语可互换使用)(例如,二苯甲酰基甲烷衍生物)相容。
为了解决这些问题,本发明首次提供了新的UV滤光剂颗粒,该UV滤光剂颗粒结合了被涂覆金属氧化物颗粒的优点和碳基生色团的优点,在宽波长范围上具有独立于颗粒尺寸的优异UV滤光活性。利用这些新的UV滤光剂颗粒,可以生成具有高SPF值的遮光制剂,同时避免现有金属氧化物颗粒和碳基生色团的缺点。而且出乎意料地发现,本发明的金属氧化物还使例如4,4’-甲氧基-叔丁基二苯甲酰基甲烷的二苯甲酰基甲烷衍生物稳定化,防止其由于辐射而产生众所周知的变质,从而具有一定的光稳定性。
因此,本发明提供了制备新的被涂覆金属氧化物颗粒的方法,其中用至少一种具有UV-A和/或UV-B和/或UV-C和/或宽带滤光活性的可交联生色团以及可选的至少一种不具有UV-A和/或UV-B和/或UV-C和/或宽带滤光活性的可交联单体来涂覆金属氧化物颗粒。本发明还提供了可通过此方法获得的新的被涂覆金属氧化物颗粒和包含所述被涂覆金属氧化物颗粒的化妆品或皮肤用组合物以及所述被涂覆金属氧化物颗粒在制备化妆品或皮肤用组合物特别是遮光组合物中的用途。此外,本发明提供了用于稳定二苯甲酰基甲烷衍生物防止其辐射变质的方法。
优选地,在制备本发明的被涂覆金属氧化物颗粒的方法中,既存在具有UV滤光活性的可交联生色团(具有UV-A和/或UV-B和/或UV-C和/或宽带滤光活性的具有UV滤光活性的可交联生色团中的一种或混合物),也存在不具有UV滤光活性的可交联单体,因此金属氧化物颗粒的最终涂层由得自不具有UV滤光活性的可交联单体的单元和得自具有UV滤光活性的可交联生色团的单元构成。
本文所用术语“UV滤光活性”包括UV-A、UV-B、UV-C和宽带滤光活性,优选UV-A、UV-B和宽带滤光活性。除非另有说明,所用术语“UV滤光剂”或“UV滤光活性”是指:具有UV-A或UV-B或UV-C或宽带滤光活性的化合物或组合物或基团;同时具有UV-A和UV-B滤光活性的化合物或组合物或基团;同时具有UV-A、UV-B和UV-C滤光活性的化合物或组合物或基团;同时具有UV-B和UV-C滤光活性的化合物或组合物或基团。优选地,术语“UV滤光剂”或“UV滤光活性”用来指具有UV-A、UV-B或宽带滤光活性(UV-A和UV-B滤光活性)的化合物、组合物或基团。
对于本发明的具有UV滤光活性的可交联生色团的类型并无特别限制。最优选的是式M(R)n(P)m(Q)q的生色团,
其中:
M为金属或半金属元素(例如,硅、钛、锌、铝或锆),M优选为硅;
R为具有优选不多于10个碳原子的可水解取代基(例如,烷氧基、芳氧基、羧酸酯、酰氧基、二酮基、可水解氮杂基或氯),更优选具有不多于10个碳原子的烷氧基或酰氧基,特别是C1-C6烷氧基,例如甲氧基或乙氧基;
Q为不可水解基团,优选具有不多于10个碳原子的烃基,例如C1-C8烷基,如甲基或乙基或辛基;
n为整数2或3,优选3;
m为整数1或2;
q为整数0或1;且
n+m+q=4;
P为提供UV滤光活性的分子部分,优选具有与M化学键合的通式A-(B)b(C)c(D)d(E)e-,
其中:
A为具有UV-A和/或UV-B和/或宽带滤光活性的生色团;
-(B)b(C)c(D)d(E)e-为间隔基,其中
B为具有至多20、优选1-12、最优选3-12个碳原子的直链或支链亚烷基;
C为O、S或NH;
D为CONH-基;
E为具有至多20、优选1-12、最优选3-12个碳原子的直链或支链亚烷基或亚烯基;
b为0或1;
c为0或1;
d为0或1;
e为0或1。
优选地,M为硅;R具有不多于10个碳原子且为烷氧基、芳氧基或酰氧基,更优选具有不多于10个碳原子的烷氧基或酰氧基,特别是例如甲氧基或乙氧基的C1-C6烷氧基;n为整数2或3,特别是3;P为具有UV-A和/或UV-B和/或UV-C滤光活性的残基A,所述残基A通常通过间隔基与M键合(P为A和间隔基的结合);m为1。所述间隔基优选具有1-10个碳原子并且可选具有1-3个例如氮或氧原子的杂原子,优选具有上述式-(B)b(C)c(D)d(E)e-。
具有UV滤光活性的可交联生色团的制备是本领域技术人员已知的,下面一般性地公开了一些优选的实例:
在以上方案中,残基A是残基P的提供UV滤光活性的部分,残基P通常由残基A和可选的间隔基构成,所述间隔基用于将残基A与金属或半金属M(具体为硅)偶联,下标o为0-6,优选0、1、2或3。
在上述方案中,已经示出了本发明的优选实施方式,其中残基M为硅,并且所有的残基R为氯或乙氧基。n为3且m为1的实施方式是特别优选的。当然,这些方法也可用于其它实施方式,特别是残基R为其它烷氧基(例如甲氧基)的实施方式。
残基A优选为已知的UV光吸收剂,优选地,这些已知的UV光吸收剂优选被官能性硅烷改性,所述官能性硅烷例如但不限于,甲基二氯硅烷、三氯硅烷、三乙氧基硅烷、3-(异氰酰丙基)三乙氧基硅烷或3-(氯丙基)-三乙氧基硅烷或3-(氨丙基)-三乙氧基硅烷,所述改性例如通过以下方法实现;
-在烯丙基或炔丙基封端的分子A与三乙氧基硅烷、甲基二氯硅烷(MDCIS)或三氯硅烷(TCIS)之间进行氢硅烷化,此偶联反应得到C-Si键;
-在3-(异氰酰丙基)三乙氧基硅烷(ICPTEOS)上加成羟基或氨基封端的分子A,得到氨基甲酸酯或氨基甲酸盐;
-用3-(氨丙基)-三乙氧基硅烷(APTEOS)将酰基氯封端的分子M酰胺化;
-用伯胺或仲胺亲核取代例如3-(氯丙基)-三乙氧基硅烷(CPTEOS)中的氯,其中所述胺可以是杂环的一部分。
与金属氧化物颗粒共价键合的UV光吸收基团A包括吸收波长范围为400-320nm(UV-A)和/或320-290nm(UV-B)或者甚至更短波长(UV-C)的光并且可被用作化学UV滤光剂的所有基团。这些基团例如是选自丙烯酸酯、对氨基苯甲酸酯、樟脑衍生物(例如苯亚甲基型樟脑)、肉桂酸酯、二苯甲酮、亚苄丙二酸酯、2-(4-乙氧基苯胺亚甲基)丙二酸酯、咪唑衍生物、水杨酸酯、三嗪酮衍生物、三唑衍生物、二苯甲酰甲烷、氨基取代的羟基二苯甲酮、苯基苯并咪唑、邻氨基苯甲酸酯、苯基苯并噁唑、1,4-二氢吡喃的残基以及其它代表现有技术并且本领域技术人员已知的高活性的化合物的残基。
对氨基苯甲酸酯的例子包括4-氨基苯甲酸、4-氨基苯甲酸-2,3-二羟基丙酯、4-(二(2-羟丙基)氨基)苯甲酸乙酯、4-(二甲基氨基)苯甲酸-2-乙基己酯(例如Eusolex6007)和乙氧基化的4-氨基苯甲酸乙酯(例如UvinulP25)。
樟脑衍生物的例子包括4-甲基苯亚甲基樟脑(PARSOL5000)、3-苯亚甲基樟脑、甲基硫酸樟脑苯扎铵(camphor benzalkoniummethosulfate)、聚丙烯酰胺甲基苯亚甲基樟脑、磺基苯亚甲基樟脑、磺基甲基苯亚甲基樟脑和对苯二亚甲基二樟脑磺酸(therephthalidene dicamphorsulfonic acid)。
二苯甲酮的例子包括二苯甲酮-3、二苯甲酮-4、2,2′,4,4′-四羟基-二苯甲酮和2,2′-二羟基-4,4′-二甲氧基二苯甲酮。
亚苄丙二酸酯的例子包括4-甲氧基亚苄丙二酸二(2-乙基己基)酯。
2-(4-乙氧基苯胺亚甲基)丙二酸酯的例子包括欧洲专利公开EP-0 895776中描述的2-(4-乙氧基苯胺亚甲基)丙二酸二乙酯。
水杨酸酯衍生物的例子包括水杨酸异丙基苄基酯、水杨酸苄基酯、水杨酸丁基酯、水杨酸辛基酯(NEO HELIOPAN OS)、水杨酸异辛基酯或水杨酸原膜散酯(homosalate,HELIOPAN)。
三嗪酮衍生物的例子包括辛基三嗪酮(UVINUL T-150)、二辛基丁酰胺基三嗪酮(UVASORB HEB)。
三唑衍生物的例子包括苯并三唑,例如2-(2-羟基-5-甲基苯基)苯并三唑、2,2′-亚甲基-二-(6-(2H-苯并三唑-2-基)-4-(1,1,3,3,-四甲基丁基)-苯酚(TINOSORB M),以及EP-A 893119中描述的三唑。
氨基取代羟基二苯甲酮的例子包括例如欧洲专利公开EP-1 046 391中所描述的2-(4-二乙氨基-2-羟基-苯甲酰基)-苯甲酸己酯的化合物。
优选的残基A是:
二苯甲酮衍生物,例如
对氨基苯甲酸衍生物,例如
苯并噁唑衍生物,例如
樟脑衍生物,例如
肉桂酸或亚苄丙二酸酯衍生物,例如
苯并咪唑衍生物,例如
Octocrylene衍生物,例如
苯并三唑衍生物,例如
二氢吡啶衍生物,例如
叔丁基二苯甲酰基甲烷衍生物,例如
其中R’为H、OH、直链或支链的C1-C20烷基、C1-C20烷氧基或C2-20-烯基。
优选地,具有UV滤光活性的可交联生色团可通过使硅烷分子与生色团反应来获得,其中所述硅烷分子例如式Si(R)r(Q)qS,其中R为如上定义的可水解基团,特别是具有10个或更少碳原子的烷氧基或酰氧基;Q为如上定义的不可水解基团,特别是C1-C6烷基,例如甲基;S为可与所述生色团反应的反应性基团,特别是氢原子、-(CH2)o-NCO、-(CH2)o-Cl或-(CH2)o-NH2;r为2或3;q为0或1;o为1-6,例如
其中,Alk为C1-C6烷基,优选甲基或乙基,
其中所述生色团例如选自
其中R’为(但不限于)H、OH、直链或支链的C1-C20烷基、C1-C20烷氧基或C2-20-烯基。
也可以如下制备可交联生色团:将一种或更多种可水解金属或半金属化合物(特别是上述硅烷化合物)彼此聚合或与其它单体(例如下面定义的不具UV滤光活性的可交联单体)聚合再与如上定义的生色团聚合。在此情况下,可交联生色团是包含一个或更多个UV滤光活性部分的低聚物。通常,这样的低聚物由50个或更少、优选20个或更少、更优选10个或更少的单体单元构成。优选地,这样的低聚可交联生色团包含5个或更少、更优选3个或更少、最优选1个UV滤光活性部分A。
具有UV滤光活性的可交联生色团本身可用于涂覆金属氧化物颗粒,或者可与不具有UV滤光活性的可交联单体一起使用。优选地,具有UV滤光活性的可交联生色团与不具有UV滤光活性的可交联单体一起使用,因为这样可容易地调节最终涂层中UV滤光活性部分的量。或者,通过使用由上述具有UV滤光活性的单体与不具有UV滤光活性的单体制备的低聚物,也可以调节最终涂层中的UV滤光活性部分的量。
不具有UV滤光活性的可交联单体优选为式M(R)n(Q)q的化合物,其中,M为金属或半金属元素,例如硅、钛、锌、铝或锆,优选硅;R为如上所述的优选具有不多于10个碳原子的可水解取代基,例如烷氧基、芳氧基、羧酸酯、酰氧基、二酮基、可水解氮杂基或氯原子,优选烷氧基、芳氧基或酰氧基,更优选具有10个或更少碳原子的烷氧基或酰氧基,特别是C1-C6烷氧基,最优选甲氧基或乙氧基;n为2-4的整数,优选3或4;Q定义如上,优选辛基;q为0或1;n+q=3或4,优选4。
特别优选的可交联单体是,例如四乙氧基硅烷(TEOS)、四甲氧基硅烷(TEMOS)、甲基三乙氧基硅烷(METEOS)、辛基三甲氧基硅烷(OTEOS),或其部分水解和/或部分缩合的聚合物(低聚物)或上述的混合物。合适的可交联单体也公开在例如EP-A 216278中。
本发明的被涂覆金属氧化物颗粒可以包含两种或更多种生色团,而在生色团部分之间不存在失活的风险,原因在于这些生色团部分与涂层共价键合,从而使生色团之间接触的可能性很低。在本发明的一种特别优选的实施方式中,一种或两种可交联生色团一起存在于涂层中,最优选与至少一种不具有UV滤光活性的可交联单体一起存在于涂层中。因此,本发明的被涂覆金属氧化物颗粒优选包含一种或两种不同的如上定义的UV滤光活性部分A,在一种优选实施方式中,只包含一种如上定义的生色团部分,其与不具有UV滤光活性的可交联单体之比为1∶50-10∶1,更优选1∶5-1∶30。该比值为重量比。
对于制备本发明的被涂覆金属氧化物颗粒的方法并无特殊限制。原则上可以在该方法中使用已知适用于化妆品或皮肤用组合物的所有类型的金属氧化物颗粒,特别是二氧化钛、氧化锌、氧化锆、氧化铁、氧化铈以及这些金属氧化物的混合物的颗粒。而且,可以使用这些金属氧化物与氧化铝和/或二氧化硅的混合物。对于金属氧化物的来源并无特殊限制。金属氧化物可通过以下方法制备:火成法、溶胶-凝胶法、研磨法、等离子体法、沉淀法、水热法、采矿法或上述方法的组合,这里仅提及了最常见的制备金属氧化物的方法。二氧化钛或氧化锌以及这些金属氧化物与氧化铝或二氧化硅的混合物是优选的。
可用于涂层过程的金属氧化物既可以从商业途径购得(例如Degussa的火成二氧化钛P25),也可以通过本领域技术人员已知的方法制备。火成氧化物的化学混合物可如EP-A 850876中所述来制备。钛硅混合氧化物和钛铝混合氧化物的例子公开在EP-A 609533中,硅铝混合氧化物的例子公开在例如EP-A 1084617。通过引用将这些文献中与将按照本发明涂覆的优选金属氧化物有关的内容明确地包含在本文中。
金属氧化物的晶形可以是晶体或无定形。例如,二氧化钛可以是无定形、金红石、锐钛矿、板钛矿中的任何类型或其组合。
特别优选的金属氧化物是最终散布有氧化铁的二氧化钛或氧化锌。
对于将根据本发明的方法涂覆的颗粒的尺寸并无特殊限制。根据本发明的方法,原则上可将涂层组合物涂覆在用于结合在化妆品或皮肤用组合物中的各种尺寸的颗粒上。
可以通过本领域技术人员公知的和现有技术中描述的方法对金属氧化物颗粒进行涂覆,可以明确地参考EP-A 988 853、EP-A 1 284 277、EP 581651、US 5 562 897和US 5 756 788中公开的方法。优选溶胶-凝胶法。
在涂覆过程中,可交联基团反应形成交联聚合物,所述交联聚合物在金属氧化物颗粒上形成涂层。
涂覆本发明的金属氧化物颗粒的示例性方法包括:将金属氧化物颗粒分散在合适的溶剂中,优选分散在含或不含乳化剂的水中,以使分散液通常包含1-80wt%的金属氧化物颗粒。在搅动(例如搅拌)下向此分散液中添加碱或无机酸,然后在分散液中添加可交联生色团和可选的其它可交联单体。依赖于期望的涂层厚度,可交联单体与金属氧化物的重量比通常为0.005-1,更优选0.01-0.3。将反应产物(被涂覆的金属氧化物颗粒)分离,并可选地洗涤和干燥。可通过诸如过滤或离心之类的常用方法分离反应产物。可用水或合适的有机溶剂或水与有机溶剂的混合物进行洗涤。
可以使用例如公开在Ullmann′s Encyclopaedia of Industrial Chemistry中的那些已知方法来干燥本发明的被涂覆金属氧化物颗粒。然后可以进行其它工艺步骤,例如煅烧、研磨过程、粒化过程或将被涂覆金属氧化物颗粒分散在合适液体中。
涂覆反应的温度并不关键。如果用水作为反应介质,则该温度通常为10-80℃,优选40-80℃。
涂覆反应所需的碱或酸的量并不关键,可以通过简单的常规实验来确定最合适的酸碱量。EP-A 1284277提到了碱的量相对于反应介质的总量为0.1-30wt%,在大多数情况下,此范围也适用于本发明的方法。特别合适的碱或酸的浓度为1-5wt%。
对碱并无具体限制,可以使用从EP-A 1284277得知的碱,例如,氨;氢氧化物,如氢氧化钠、氢氧化钾或四烷基氢氧化铵;碳酸盐,如碳酸铵、碳酸氢铵、碳酸钠或碳酸氢钠;有机碱,如胺、吡啶、苯胺或胍;羧酸的铵盐,如甲酸铵、乙酸铵;羧酸的烷基铵盐,如甲酸单甲铵或甲酸二甲铵;及其混合物。
特别优选的是氨、碳酸铵、碳酸氢铵、甲酸铵、乙酸铵、氢氧化钠、碳酸钠和碳酸氢钠以及两种或更多种这些碱的混合物。
除了碱以外,还可以添加例如盐酸、硫酸或磷酸的无机酸和例如甲酸或乙酸的有机酸,或者用这些酸来代替碱,条件是这可促进涂覆反应。
在另一种方法中,可以在不使用溶剂的条件下涂覆金属氧化物,例如US 5756788中所述。
被涂覆金属氧化物颗粒的初级颗粒尺寸通常为2-100nm,优选5-50nm;次级颗粒尺寸优选为0.05-50μm,优选0.1-1μm。
可以通过本领域技术人员公知的方式将本发明的被涂覆金属氧化物颗粒包含在化妆品或皮肤用组合物中。化妆品或皮肤用组合物通常为局部化妆品或皮肤用组合物。
为了制备局部遮光组合物,特别是皮肤用和/或化妆用制品,例如用于日常化妆品的护肤和遮光制剂,本发明的被涂覆金属氧化物颗粒可以与通常用于这种制剂的辅剂(例如化妆基质)结合。如果合适,也可以添加其它常规的UV-A和/或UV-B和/或宽谱遮光剂。UV遮光剂的组合可以表现出协同效果。本发明的被涂覆金属氧化物颗粒与其它已知UV遮光剂的量并不关键。合适的本发明的被涂覆金属氧化物颗粒的量为约0.01-50wt%,优选约0.01-25wt%(依赖于颗粒的有效载荷和体积分数),至少一种附加的亲水和/或亲脂UV-A或UV-B或宽谱遮光剂的量为约0.5-12wt%。这些附加遮光剂有利地选自下列混合物,但不限于此:
可与本发明的被涂覆颗粒结合的UV-B或宽谱遮光剂(即最大吸收波长为约290-340nm的物质)的实例是以下有机和无机化合物:
-樟脑衍生物,例如4-甲基苯亚甲基樟脑(PARSOL5000)、3-苯亚甲基樟脑、甲基硫酸樟脑苯扎铵、聚丙烯酰胺甲基苯亚甲基樟脑、磺基苯亚甲基樟脑、磺基甲基苯亚甲基樟脑和对苯二亚甲基二樟脑磺酸等;
-对氨基苯甲酸衍生物,例如对氨基苯甲酸、对二甲基氨基苯甲酸2-乙基己酯、N-氧丙烯化的对氨基苯甲酸乙酯、对氨基苯甲酸甘油酯;
-二苯甲酮,例如二苯甲酮-3、二苯甲酮-4、2,2′,4,4′-四羟基-二苯甲酮和2,2′-二羟基-4,4′-二甲氧基二苯甲酮等;
-亚苄丙二酸酯,例如4-甲氧基亚苄丙二酸二(2-乙基己基)酯;
-2-(4-乙氧基苯胺亚甲基)丙二酸酯,例如欧洲专利公开EP-0 895776中描述的2-(4-乙氧基苯胺亚甲基)丙二酸二乙酯;
-含有苯并丙二酸酯基团的有机硅氧烷化合物,如欧洲专利公开EP0358584 B1、EP0538431 B1和EP 0709080 A1中所述;
-苯并三唑基甲基苯酚三硅氧烷(Drometrizole trisiloxane,MexorylXL);
-颜料,例如微粒状的TiO2等。术语“微粒状”是指颗粒尺寸为约5-200nm,特别是约15-100nm。TiO2颗粒也可被金属氧化物(例如氧化铝或氧化锆)或有机涂料(例如多元醇、甲基硅氧烷、硬脂酸铝、烷基硅烷)涂覆。这样的涂料是本领域已知的;
-水杨酸酯衍生物,例如水杨酸异丙基苄基酯、水杨酸苄基酯、水杨酸丁基酯、水杨酸辛基酯(NEO HELIOPAN OS)、水杨酸异辛基酯或水杨酸原膜散酯(homosalate,HELIOPAN)等;
-三嗪衍生物,例如辛基三嗪酮(UVINUL T-150)、二辛基丁酰胺基三嗪酮(UVASORB HEB)、二乙氧苯酚甲氧苯基三嗪(Tinosorb S)等;
-微囊UV滤光剂,例如微囊甲氧基肉桂酸酯(Eusolex UV珠)等。
可与本发明的被涂覆颗粒结合的宽谱或UV-A遮光剂(即最大吸收波长为约320-400nm的物质)的实例是以下有机和无机化合物:
-苯并三唑衍生物,例如2,2′-亚甲基-二-(6-(2H-苯并三唑-2-基)-4-(1,1,3,3,-四甲基丁基)-苯酚(TINOSORB M)等;
-亚苯基-1,4-二苯并咪唑磺酸或盐,例如2,2-(1,4-亚苯基)二-(1H-苯并咪唑-4,6-二磺酸)(Neoheliopan AP);
-氨基取代羟基二苯甲酮,例如欧洲专利公开EP-1 046 391中所描述的2-(4-二乙氨基-2-羟基-苯甲酰基)-苯甲酸己酯;
-颜料,例如微粒状的ZnO或TiO2等。术语“微粒状”是指颗粒尺寸为约5-200nm,特别是约15-100nm。该颗粒也可被金属氧化物(例如氧化铝或氧化锆)或有机涂料(例如多元醇、甲基硅氧烷、硬脂酸铝、烷基硅烷)涂覆。这样的涂料是本领域已知的。
-欧洲专利公开EP0514491 B1和EP 0780119 A1中描述的3,3-二苯基丙烯酸酯衍生物;
-美国专利US 5605680中描述的苯亚甲基樟脑衍生物;
-欧洲专利公开EP 0358584 B1、EP0538431 B1和EP 0709080 A1中描述的含有苯并丙二酸酯基团的有机硅氧烷化合物。
本发明的组合物还可包含常用的化妆品辅剂和添加剂,例如防腐剂/抗氧化剂,脂质/油,水,有机溶剂,硅酮,增稠剂,软化剂,乳化剂,附加遮光剂,防沫剂,增湿剂,芳香剂,表面活性剂,填料,掩蔽剂,阴离子、阳离子、非离子或两性聚合物或其混合物,推进剂,酸化或碱化剂,染料,着色剂,颜料或纳米颜料,特别是适于通过物理阻隔紫外辐射来提供额外防光效果的那些,或者任何其它通常包含在化妆品中、特别是用于制备遮光/防晒组合物的成分。化妆品和皮肤用辅剂和添加剂基于期望产品的需要量可由本领域技术人员容易地选择,实施例中将对该量进行说明,但该量并不限于此。
附加量的抗氧化剂/防腐剂通常是优选的。根据本发明,可以使用通常包含在化妆品中的所有已知抗氧化剂。特别优选的抗氧化剂选自氨基酸(例如,甘氨酸、组氨酸、酪氨酸、色氨酸)及其衍生物、咪唑(例如咪唑丙烯酸)及其衍生物、肽(例如D,L-肌肽、D-肌肽、L-肌肽及其衍生物(如鹅肌肽))、类胡萝卜素、胡萝卜素(例如,α-胡萝卜素、β-胡萝卜素、番茄红素)及其衍生物、氯原酸及其衍生物、硫辛酸及其衍生物(例如二氢硫辛酸)、金硫葡萄糖、丙基硫脲嘧啶和其它硫醇(例如,硫氧还蛋白、谷胱甘肽、半胱氨酸、胱氨酸、胱胺及其糖基-、N-乙酰基-、甲基-、乙基-、丙基-、戊基-、丁基-、月桂基-、棕榈酰基-、油烯基-、γ-亚油烯基-,胆甾醇基-和甘油基-酯)及其盐、二月桂基硫代二丙酸酯、二硬脂基硫代二丙酸酯、硫代二丙酸及其衍生物(例如,其酯、醚、肽、脂质、核苷酸、核苷和盐)以及亚砜亚胺衍生物(例如丁硫氨酸亚砜亚胺、同型半胱氨酸亚砜亚胺、丁硫氨酸砜、戊硫氨酸亚砜亚胺、己硫氨酸亚砜亚胺、庚硫氨酸亚砜亚胺),其量为很低的相容剂量(例如pmol/kg至μmol/kg),以及(金属)螯合剂(例如,α-羟基脂肪酸、棕榈酸、植酸和乳铁蛋白)、β-羟基酸(例如,柠檬酸、乳酸和马来酸)、腐黑酸、没食子酸、没食子提取物、胆红素、胆绿素、EDTA、EGTA及其衍生物、不饱和脂肪酸及其衍生物(例如,γ-亚油酸、亚油酸和油酸)、叶酸及其衍生物、泛醌和泛醇及其衍生物、维生素C及其衍生物(例如,维生素C棕榈酸酯、维生素C四异棕榈酸酯、维生素C磷酸镁、维生素C磷酸钠和维生素C乙酸酯)、生育酚及其衍生物(例如维生素E乙酸酯)、天然维生素E、维生素A及其衍生物(例如维生素A棕榈酸酯和乙酸酯)的混合物以及苯甲酸松柏醇酯、芸香亭酸及其衍生物、α-糖基芸香苷、阿魏酸、糠基葡萄糖醇、肌肽、丁基羟基甲苯、丁基羟基茴香醚、三羟基苯丁酮、尿素及其衍生物、甘露糖及其衍生物、锌及其衍生物(例如,ZnO、ZnSO4)、硒及其衍生物(例如蛋氨酸硒)、均二苯乙烯及其衍生物(例如,氧化均二苯乙烯、反式氧化均二苯乙烯)和前述活性成分的合适衍生物(例如,盐、酯、醚、配糖、核苷酸、核苷、肽和脂质)。一种或更多种防腐剂/抗氧化剂可以以本发明的组合物的总重量的约0.01-10wt%的量存在。优选地,一种或更多种防腐剂/抗氧化剂以约0.1-1wt%的量存在。
通常,制剂还包含表面活性成分,如乳化剂、增溶剂等。乳化剂使两种或更多种不互溶组分能够均相混合。而且,乳化剂起到稳定该组合物的作用。可用在本发明的组合物中以形成O/W、W/O、O/W/O或W/O/W的乳液/微乳液的乳化剂包括失水山梨糖醇油酸酯、失水山梨糖醇倍半油酸酯、失水山梨糖醇异硬脂酸酯、失水山梨糖醇三油酸酯、聚甘油基-3-二异硬脂酸酯、油酸/异硬脂酸的聚甘油酯、聚甘油基-6-六蓖麻醇酸酯、聚甘油基-4-油酸酯、聚甘油基-4-油酸酯/PEG-8丙二醇椰油酸酯、油酸酰胺DEA、TEA肉豆蔻酸酯、TEA硬脂酸酯、硬脂酸镁、硬脂酸钠、月桂酸钾、蓖麻醇酸钾、椰油酸钠、牛油酸钠、海狸香酸钾、油酸钠及其混合物。其它合适的乳化剂是磷酸酯及其盐,诸如磷酸十六烷基酯(AmphisolA)、磷酸二乙醇胺十六烷基酯(Amphisol)、磷酸十六烷基酯酸钾(AmphisolK)、甘油基油酸酯磷酸酯酸钠、氢化植物甘油酯磷酸酯及其混合物。此外,一种或更多种合成聚合物可用作乳化剂。例如,PVP二十碳烯共聚物、丙烯酸酯/丙烯酸C10-30烷基酯交联聚合物、丙烯酸酯/steareth-20甲基丙烯酸酯共聚物、PEG-22/十二基二醇共聚物、PEG-45/十二基二醇共聚物及其混合物。优选的乳化剂为磷酸十六烷基酯(AmphisolA)、磷酸二乙醇胺十六烷基酯(Amphisol)、磷酸十六烷基酯酸钾(AmphisolK)、PVP二十碳烯共聚物、丙烯酸酯/丙烯酸C10-30烷基酯交联聚合物、PEG-20脱水山梨糖醇异硬脂酸酯、脱水山梨糖醇异硬脂酸酯及其混合物。存在的一种或更多种乳化剂的总量为本发明的组合物的总重量的约0.01-20wt%。优选地,使用约0.1-10wt%的乳化剂。
有利地,脂质相可以选自:
-矿物油和矿物蜡;
-油,例如癸酸或辛酸的甘油三酯,优选蓖麻油;
-油或蜡和其它天然或合成油,优选脂肪酸与醇(例如异丙醇、丙二醇、甘油)的酯或脂肪醇与羧酸或脂肪酸的酯;
-烷基苯甲酸酯;和/或
-硅油,例如二甲基聚硅氧烷、二乙基聚硅氧烷、二苯基聚硅氧烷、环甲基硅氧烷,及其混合物。
示例性的脂肪物质(其可加入本发明的组合物的乳液、微乳液、油凝胶、水分散体或脂分散体的油相中)有利地选自饱和和/或不饱和、直链和/或支链的具有3-30个碳原子的烷基羧酸与饱和和/或不饱和、直链和/或支链的具有3-30个碳原子的醇的酯,以及芳族羧酸与饱和和/或不饱和、直链和/或支链的具有3-30个碳原子的醇的酯。这样的酯可以有利地选自棕榈酸辛酯、椰油酸辛酯、异硬脂酸辛酯、十二烷基肉豆蔻酸辛酯、异壬酸十六烷基硬脂基酯、肉豆蔻酸异丙酯、棕榈酸异丙酯、硬脂酸异丙酯、油酸异丙酯、硬脂酸正丁酯、月桂酸正己酯、油酸正癸酯、硬脂酸异辛酯、硬脂酸异壬酯、异壬酸异壬酯、棕榈酸2-乙基己酯、月桂酸2-乙基己酯、硬脂酸2-己基癸酯、棕榈酸2-辛基十二烷基酯、庚酸硬脂基酯、油酸油基酯、芥酸油基酯、油酸瓢儿菜基酯、芥酸瓢儿菜基酯、硬脂酸十三烷基酯、偏苯三甲酸十三烷基酯,以及这些酯的合成、半合成或天然混合物,例如荷荷芭油。
适用于本发明的制剂的其它脂肪组分包括极性油,例如卵磷脂和脂肪酸甘油三酯,即具有8-24碳原子、优选12-18个碳原子的饱和和/或不饱和的、线性或支链的羧酸的甘油三酯,其中脂肪酸甘油三酯优选选自合成、半合成或天然的油(例如,椰油酸甘油酯、橄榄油、向日葵油、豆油、花生油、菜子油、甜杏仁油、棕榈油、椰子油、蓖麻油、氢化蓖麻油、麦油、葡萄子油、昆士兰果油及其它);非极性油,例如线性和/或支链的烃和蜡,例如矿物油、凡士林(矿脂);石蜡、角鲨烷和角鲨烯、聚烯烃、氢化聚异丁烯和异十六烷,优选的聚烯烃为聚癸烯;二烷基醚,例如二辛醚;线性或环状的硅酮,例如优选环甲基硅酮(八甲基环四硅氧烷)、十六烷基二甲基硅酮、六甲基环三硅氧烷、聚二甲基硅氧烷、聚(甲基苯基硅氧烷)及其混合物。
可有利地加入本发明的制剂中的其它脂肪组分为异二十烷、新戊二醇二庚酸酯、丙二醇二辛酸酯/二癸酸酯、辛酸/癸酸/二甘油基琥珀酸酯、丁二醇辛酸酯/癸酸酯、C12-13烷基乳酸酯、二C12-13烷基酒石酸酯、三异硬脂、二季戊四醇六辛酸酯/六癸酸酯、丙二醇单异硬脂酸酯、三辛酸甘油酯、二甲基异山梨醇。特别有利的是,使用苯甲酸C12-15烷基酯和异硬脂酸2-乙基己基酯的混合物、苯甲酸C12-15烷基酯和异壬酸异十三烷基酯的混合物以及苯甲酸C12-15烷基酯、异硬脂酸2-乙基己基酯和异壬酸异十三烷基酯的混合物。
本发明的制剂的油相还可包含天然植物蜡或动物蜡(例如,蜂蜡、中国蜡、大蜂蜡和其它昆虫的蜡)以及牛油树脂和可可脂。
在本发明的组合物中可加入增湿剂,以保持皮肤的水合或再水合。通过提供防护层而防止水从皮肤蒸发的增湿剂被称为“润肤剂”。另外,润肤剂对皮肤表面提供软化或润肤效果,并通常被认为对局部应用是安全的。优选的润肤剂包括矿物油、羊毛脂、矿脂、癸基/辛基三甘油醛、胆甾醇、硅酮(例如二甲基硅酮、环甲基硅酮)、杏仁油、荷荷芭油、鳄梨油、蓖麻油、芝麻油、向日葵油、椰子油和葡萄子油、可可脂、橄榄油、芦荟提取物、脂肪酸(例如油酸和硬脂酸)、脂肪醇(例如鲸蜡基醇和十六烷基醇(ENJAY))、己二酸二异丙酯、羟基苯甲酸酯、C9-15醇的苯甲酸酯、异壬酸异壬基酯、醚(例如聚氧化丙烯丁基醚和聚氧化丙烯十六烷基醚)、苯甲酸C12-16烷基酯,及其混合物。最优选的润肤剂为羟基苯甲酸酯、芦荟提取物、苯甲酸C12-15烷基酯,及其混合物。存在的润肤剂的量为组合物总重量的约1-20wt%。优选地,润肤剂的含量为约2-15wt%,最优选约4-10wt%。
与水结合因而将其保持在皮肤表面的增湿剂被称为“保湿剂”。优选地,可加入本发明的组合物中的合适的保湿剂例如为甘油、聚丙二醇、聚乙二醇、乳酸、吡咯烷酮羧酸、脲、磷脂、胶原蛋白、弹性蛋白、神经酰胺、卵磷脂山梨糖醇、PEG-4,及其混合物。其它合适的增湿剂为以下聚合增湿剂:水溶性和/或可溶胀和/或水凝胶化的多糖,例如透明质酸、壳聚糖和/或富含岩藻糖的多糖,例如可从SOLABIA S获得的Fucogel1000(CAS-Nr.178463-23-5)。一种或更多种保湿剂可选地以本发明的组合物的约0.5-8wt%、优选约1-5wt%的量存在。
本发明的组合物的水相可以包含常用的化妆品添加剂,例如醇(特别是低级醇,优选乙醇和/或异丙醇、低级二元醇或多元醇及其醚,优选丙二醇、甘油、乙二醇、乙二醇单乙基或单丁基醚、丙二醇单甲基或单乙基或单丁基醚、二乙二醇单甲基或单乙基醚和类似产品)、聚合物、泡沫稳定剂、电解质、特别是一种或更多种增稠剂。可用于本发明的制剂中以便于获得合适稠度的产品的增稠剂包括卡波姆(carbomer)、二氧化硅、硅酸镁和/或硅酸铝、蜂蜡、硬脂酸、硬脂醇多糖及其衍生物(例如黄原胶)、羟丙基纤维素、聚丙烯酰胺、丙烯酸酯交联聚合物,优选carbomer,例如单独形式或混合物形式的980、981、1382、2984、5984型carbopole。可包含于本发明的组合物中以中和例如乳化剂或发泡剂/泡沫稳定剂的组分的合适的中和剂包括但不限于,碱金属的氢氧化物,例如氢氧化钠和氢氧化钾;有机碱,例如二乙醇胺(DEA)、三乙醇胺(TEA)、氨甲基丙醇,及其混合物;氨基酸,例如精氨酸和亮氨酸;以及前述的任意组合。中和剂的用量可为本发明的组合物的约0.01-8wt%,优选1wt%-约5wt%。
在本发明的组合物中添加电解质可有助于改变疏水乳化剂的行为。因此,本发明的乳液/微乳液可优选包含一种或数种含下述阴离子的盐的电解质,例如氯离子、硫酸根、碳酸根、硼酸根或铝酸根,但不限于此。其它合适的电解质可以基于有机阴离子,例如但不限于,乳酸离子、乙酸离子、苯甲酸离子、丙酸离子、酒石酸离子和柠檬酸离子。作为阳离子优选铵根离子、烷基铵离子、碱金属离子或碱土金属离子、镁离子、铁离子或锌离子。特别优选的盐为氯化钾和氯化钠、硫酸镁、硫酸锌及其混合物。在本发明的组合物中存在的电解质的量为约0.01-8wt%。
本发明的化妆品组合物可以用作使人体表皮和毛发免受紫外辐射损害影响的防光组合物。这样的组合物优选以露、增稠的露、凝胶、乳膏、乳、软膏、粉或固体管状棒的形式提供,并且可以可选地被包装成气溶胶,并可以作为摩丝、泡沫或喷雾剂提供。当提供本发明的化妆品组合物用于防止人体表皮受到UV辐射或作为遮光组合物时,该组合物可为在溶剂或脂质中的悬浮液或分散体的形式;或呈乳液或微乳液(具体为O/W或W/O型,O/W/O或W/O/W型)的形式,例如膏或乳、微泡分散体;以软膏、凝胶、固体管状棒或气溶胶摩丝的形式。乳液还可包含阴离子、非离子、阳离子或两性的表面活性剂。
提供如下实施例以进一步说明本发明的方法和组合物。这些实施例仅为示例性,而无意于以任何方式限制本发明的范围。
制备可交联生色团
实施例1
2-(4-羟基苯亚甲基)丙二酸二乙酯
在装有回流冷凝器、迪安-斯脱克分水器和带磁搅拌器的油浴的250ml圆底烧瓶中,装入10g(81mmol)4-羟基苯甲醛、150ml甲苯、0.97ml(10mmol)哌啶和0.8g(6.5mmol)苯甲酸,并将反应加热至45℃。然后,逐滴添加13.7ml(90mmol)丙二酸二乙酯在20ml甲苯中的溶液。使反应回流,并将水收集在迪安-斯脱克分水器中。16小时后,将反应冷却,用水洗涤三次再用NaCl稀溶液洗涤一次。用NaSO4干燥后,通过柱式色谱(己烷/EtOAc)浓缩和纯化有机相,得到18.6g(86.2%)的2-(4-羟基苯亚甲基)丙二酸二乙酯。
实施例2
2-[[(4-(3-(三乙氧基甲硅烷基)丙基)氨基羰基)氧]苯亚甲基]丙二酸二乙酯
在氮气氛下,向5g(19mmol)如上制备的2-(4-羟基苯亚甲基)丙二酸二乙酯在70ml THF的搅拌溶液和数滴二月硅酸二丁基锡催化剂中,添加5.6ml(22mmol)3-(异氰酰丙基)三乙氧基硅烷(ICTEOS)。在40℃下搅拌反应混合物,直到TLC无法检测到游离的2-(4-羟基苯亚甲基)丙二酸二乙酯。蒸发THF之后,通过柱式色谱(己烷/EtOAc)纯化粗产品,得到8.7g(90%)的无色油状2-[[(4-(3-(三乙氧基甲硅烷基)丙基)氨基羰基)氧]苯亚甲基]丙二酸二乙酯。UV(乙醇),290nm(21068)。
制备氧化硅涂覆的二氧化钛
用具有UV-A和/或UV-B和/或UV-C和/或宽带滤光活性的可交联生色团以及可选的至少一种不具有UV-A和/或UV-B和/或UV-C和/或宽带滤光活性的可交联单体对金属氧化物进行涂覆,使用Perkin ElmerSpectrum One FT-IR光谱仪,通过FT-IR光谱法对该涂层进行检验,分析所得的红外吸收谱:在1000-1200cm-1观察到由Si-O-Si伸缩振动产生的峰。通过由生色团的羰基在1650-1720cm-1产生的峰来证实可交联生色团的引入。如果用辛基三甲氧基硅烷作为不具有UV滤光活性的可交联单体,则在2800-3000-1观察到另外的-CH2/-CH3伸缩振动。
通过下述方法验证涂层的效果,结果表明,与未涂覆的二氧化钛相比,按照本发明制备的所有样品呈现出变淡的颜色。
辐射时的稳定性
未处理的二氧化钛在用UV光辐射之后呈现出深黄色。颜色越深,则二氧化钛的反应性越高。这为表面处理的效果提供了良好的检验手段。
用20μm的刮刀将10%的被涂覆TiO2在Finsolv中的分散体在玻璃板上展布成薄膜。然后用Hereaus Suntest以40 MED进行辐射。通过与“Methuen Handbook of Color”,A.Kornerup und J.H.Wanscher,3.edition,Eyre Methuen,London,1984进行对比来确定样品的颜色。另外,将样品与非处理的TiO2以及市售可得的硅酮涂覆的二氧化钛UvinulTiO2(BASF的辛基甲硅烷基化的二氧化钛)进行比较。
TiO2 | 以40MED辐射后的颜色* |
火成二氧化钛(P25 ex Degussa)未处理 | 粉黄色 |
UvinulTiO2辛基甲硅烷基化的二氧化钛 | 浅黄色 |
实施例3 | 浅黄色 |
实施例4 | 黄白色 |
实施例5 | 黄白色 |
实施例6 | 白色 |
实施例7 | 白色 |
*根据“Methuen Handbook of Color“,A.Kornerup und J.H.Wanscher,3.edition.的表3
实施例3
向9g的火成二氧化钛(P25,Degussa)中,添加1g的辛基三甲氧基硅烷与实施例2的2-[[(4-(3-(三乙氧基甲硅烷基)丙基)氨基羰基)氧]苯亚甲基]丙二酸二乙酯(两者之比为5∶1(w/w))的混合物。然后将粉末充分混合并加热至100℃。在此期间去除乙醇和甲醇。当97%理论量(重量)的醇被蒸馏掉后,将反应冷却,并依次用N,N-二甲基甲酰胺、甲醇、二氯甲烷和二乙醚将白色固体洗涤三次,以去除未反应的甲硅烷基化试剂。IRν(C=O):1649。
实施例4
向9g的火成二氧化钛(P25,Degussa)中,添加1g的辛基三甲氧基硅烷与实施例2的2-[[(4-(3-(三乙氧基甲硅烷基)丙基)氨基羰基)氧]苯亚甲基]丙二酸二乙酯(两者之比为10∶1(w/w))的混合物。然后将粉末充分混合并加热至100℃。在此期间去除乙醇和甲醇。当97%理论量(重量)的醇被蒸馏掉后,将反应冷却,并依次用N,N-二甲基甲酰胺、甲醇、二氯甲烷和二乙醚将白色固体洗涤三次。IRν(C=O):1650。
实施例5
向9g的火成二氧化钛(P25,Degussa)中,添加1g的辛基三甲氧基硅烷与实施例2的2-[[(4-(3-(三乙氧基甲硅烷基)丙基)氨基羰基)氧]苯亚甲基]丙二酸二乙酯(两者之比为15∶1(w/w))的混合物。然后将粉末充分混合并加热至100℃。在此期间去除乙醇和甲醇。当97%理论量(重量)的醇被蒸馏掉后,进行TLC(己烷/乙酸乙酯为1∶1),表明所有可交联生色团已消失。将反应冷却,并依次用N,N-二甲基甲酰胺、甲醇、二氯甲烷和二乙醚将白色固体洗涤三次。干燥之后,通过在40MED下辐射来验证涂层的效果,表明与未涂覆的二氧化钛相比颜色变淡。IRν(C=O):1651。
实施例6
向5g火成二氧化钛(P25,Degussa)在70ml水中的分散体中,添加5g的四乙氧基硅烷(TEOS)与实施例2的2-[[(4-(3-(三乙氧基甲硅烷基)丙基)氨基羰基)氧]苯亚甲基]丙二酸二乙酯(两者之比为5∶1(w/w))的混合物,并在室温下搅拌15分钟。然后,添加1.5ml氢氧化铵水溶液(28-30wt%),并在80℃下通宵搅拌反应混合物。过滤悬浮液,并依次用N,N-二甲基甲酰胺、甲醇、二氯甲烷和二乙醚将淡灰色固体洗涤三次。
IRν(C=O):1650。
实施例7
向5g火成二氧化钛(P25,Degussa)在50g的1%的十六烷基三氯化铵水溶液中的分散体中,添加2g的四乙氧基硅烷(TEOS)与实施例2的2-[[(4-(3-(三乙氧基甲硅烷基)丙基)氨基羰基)氧]苯亚甲基]丙二酸二乙酯(两者之比为5∶1(w/w))的混合物,并在室温下搅拌15分钟。然后,添加50g的pH为11.3的氢氧化钠水溶液,并将所得混合物在室温下搅拌1小时。过滤悬浮液,并依次用N,N-二甲基甲酰胺、甲醇、二氯甲烷和二乙醚将淡黄色固体洗涤三次。IRν(C=O):1710。
实施例8
O/W防晒乳
成分 国际命名化妆品原料(INCI)名称 %w/w
A)PARSOL SLX 二甲聚硅酮苯亚甲基丙二酸二乙酯 6.00
(Dimethico Diethylbenzalmalonate)
聚硅酮-15
Neo Heliopan AP 3.00
Tinosorb S 氢化可可甘油酯 3.00
Lanette O 鲸蜡硬脂醇 2.00
Myritol 318 甘油三辛酸/癸酸酯 6.00
矿物油 矿物油 2.00
维生素E乙酸酯 生育酚乙酸酯 1.00
Prisorine 3515 异硬脂醇 4.00
B)Edeta BD EDTA二钠 0.10
Phenonip 苯氧乙醇,羟苯甲酯,羟苯乙酯,羟苯丙酯,0.60
羟苯丁酯
Amphisol K 鲸蜡基磷酸钾 2.00
去离子水 Aqua ad100
1,2-丙二醇 丙二醇 5.00
Carbopol 981 Carbomer 0.30
Tinosorb M 亚甲基-二-苯并三唑基-四甲基丁基苯酚 6.00
KOH 10%溶液 氢氧化钾 2.10
C)生色团涂覆的金属氧化 1-20
物
过程:
在搅拌下将部分A)和B)加热至85℃。均相后,在搅拌下将部分B)添加至A)。在搅拌下冷却至室温,然后添加部分C)。均化以得到小颗粒尺寸。
实施例9
防水防晒乳
成分 INCI名称 %w/w
A)PARSOL SLX 二甲聚硅酮苯亚甲基丙二酸二乙酯 6.00
聚硅酮-15
PARSOL 1789 丁基甲氧基二苯甲酰甲烷 2.00
PARSOL 5000 4-甲基苯亚甲基樟脑 4.00
Uvinul T 150 乙基己基三嗪酮 2.00
Silicone DC 200/350 cs 二甲基硅氧烷 1.00
Lanette O 鲸蜡硬脂醇 2.00
Softisan 100 氢化可可甘油酯 3.00
Tegosoft TN 苯甲酸(C12-15)烷基酯 6.00
Cetiol B 己二酸二丁酯 7.00
维生素E乙酸酯 生育酚乙酸酯 2.00
BHT BHT 0.05
Edeta BD EDTA二钠 0.10
Phenonip 苯氧乙醇,羟苯甲酯,羟苯乙酯,羟苯 0.60
丙酯,羟苯丁酯
Amphisol 磷酸鲸蜡酯DEA 2.00
B)去离子水 Aqua 加到
100
丙二醇 丙二醇 5.00
Carbopol 980 Carbomer 0.30
KOH(10%sol.) 氢氧化钾 1.50
C)生色团涂覆的金属氧化物 1-20
过程:
在搅拌下将部分A)和B)加热至85℃。均相后,在搅拌下将部分B)添加至A)。在搅拌下冷却至室温,然后添加部分C)。均化以得到小颗粒尺寸。
实施例10
婴幼儿用防晒乳
成分 INCI名称 %w/w
A)Tegosoft TN 苯甲酸(C12-15)烷基酯 5.00
Silicone 2503化妆品用 十八烷基二甲基硅氧烷 2.00
蜡
鲸蜡醇 鲸蜡醇 1.00
丁基化羟基甲苯 BHT 0.05
Estol GMM 3650 肉豆蔻酸甘油酯 4.00
Edeta BD EDTA二钠 0.10
Phenonip 苯氧乙醇,羟苯甲酯,羟苯乙酯,羟苯 0.60
丙酯,羟苯丁酯
Amphisol A 磷酸鲸蜡酯 2.00
B)去离子水 Aqua 加到100
Carbopol 980 Carbomer 0.6
甘油 甘油 3.00
KOH sol.10% 氢氧化钾 2.4
C)生色团涂覆的金属氧化物 1-20
过程:
在搅拌下将部分A)和B)加热至85℃。均相后,在搅拌下将部分B)添加至A)。在搅拌下冷却至室温,然后添加部分C)。均化以得到小颗粒尺寸。
实施例11
高保护防晒乳
成分 INCI名称 %w/w
A)PARSOL SLX 二甲聚硅酮苯亚甲基丙二酸二乙酯 6.00
聚硅酮-15
PARSOL 1789 丁基甲氧基二苯甲酰甲烷 2.00
PARSOL 5000 4-甲基苯亚甲基樟脑 4.00
Uvinul T 150 乙基己基三嗪酮 2.00
Silicone DC 200/350 cs 二甲基硅氧烷 1.00
Lanette O 鲸蜡硬脂醇 2.00
Softisan 100 氢化可可甘油酯 3.00
Tegosoft TN 苯甲酸(C12-15)烷基酯 6.00
Cetiol B 己二酸二丁酯 7.00
维生素E乙酸酯 生育酚乙酸酯 2.00
BHT BHT 0.05
Edeta BD EDTA二钠 0.10
Phenonip 苯氧乙醇,羟苯甲酯,羟苯乙酯,羟苯丙 0.60
酯,羟苯丁酯
Amphisol K 鲸蜡基磷酸钾 2.00
B)去离子水 Aqua 加到100
丙二醇 丙二醇 5.00
Carbopol 980 Carbomer 0.30
KOH(10%sol.) 氢氧化钾 1.50
C)生色团涂覆的金属氧化物 1-20
D)香料 香料 适量
过程:
在搅拌下将部分A)和B)加热至85℃。均相后,在搅拌下将部分B)添加至A)。在搅拌下冷却至室温,然后添加部分C)和D)。均化以得到小颗粒尺寸。
实施例12
无水防晒凝胶
成分 INCI名称 %w/w
A)PARSOL MCX 甲氧基肉桂酸乙基己酯 6.00
PARSOL 1789 丁基甲氧基二苯甲酰甲烷 4.00
PARSOL 5000 4-甲基苯亚甲基樟脑 4.00
Uvasorb HEB 二乙基己基丁酰胺基三嗪酮 1.50
Uvinul A plus 2.00
维生素E乙酸酯 生育酚乙酸酯 1.50
Tegosoft TN 苯甲酸(C12-15)烷基酯 9.00
Elefac l-205 新戊酸乙基己基月桂酯 2.00
醇 醇 加到100
异丙醇 异丙醇 20.00
B)Klucel MF 羟丙基纤维素 2.00
C)生色团涂覆的金属氧化物 1-20
D)香料 适量
过程:
在搅拌下混合部分A)和B)。均相后,在搅拌下添加部分C)和D)。
实施例13
防晒凝胶
成分 INCI名称 %w/w
A)Pemulen TR-2 丙烯酸酯/丙烯酸(C10-30)烷基酯交联聚合 0.60
物
Phenonip 苯氧乙醇,羟苯甲酯,羟苯乙酯,羟苯丙 0.60
酯,羟苯丁酯
Edeta BD EDTA二钠 0.1
Aqua Aqua 加到100
B)PARSOL 1789 丁基甲氧基二苯甲酰甲烷 4.00
PARSOL 340 Octocrylene 3.00
TegosoftTN 苯甲酸(C12-15)烷基酯 15.00
Antaron V-216 PVP/十六碳烯共聚物 1.00
维生素E乙酸酯 生育酚乙酸酯 0.50
丁基化羟基甲苯 BHT 0.05
Cremophor RH 410 PEG-40氢化蓖麻油 0.50
Tris Amino 氨基丁三醇(Tromethamine) 0.50
C)生色团涂覆的金属氧化物 1-20
D)香料 香料 适量
过程:
在搅拌下将部分A)和B)加热至85℃。均相后,在搅拌下将部分B)添加至A)。在搅拌下冷却至室温,然后添加部分C)和D)。均化以得到小颗粒尺寸。
实施例14
高保护WO防晒乳
成分 INCI名称 %w/w
A)PARSOL 1789 丁基甲氧基二苯甲酰甲烷 2.00
PARSOL 5000 4-甲基苯亚甲基樟脑 4.00
Uvinul T 150 乙基己基三嗪酮 2.00
Uvinul TiO2 二氧化钛和三甲氧基辛酰硅烷 5.00
Arlacel P 135 PEG-30二聚羟基硬脂酸酯 2.00
Tegosoft TN 苯甲酸(C12-15)烷基酯 5.00
Cosmacol EMI 苹果酸二(C12-13)烷基酯 6.00
Miglyol 840 丙二醇二辛酸酯/二癸酸酯 6.00
丁基化羟基甲苯 BHT 0.05
Phenonip 苯氧乙醇,羟苯甲酯,羟苯乙酯,羟苯丙酯, 0.60
羟苯丁酯
B)去离子水 Aqua 加到
100
甘油 甘油 5.00
Edeta EDTA二钠 0.1
NaCl 氯化钠 0.30
C)PARSOL HS 苯基苄基咪唑磺酸 4.00
水 Aqua 20.00
三乙醇胺99%. 三乙醇胺 2.50
D)生色团涂覆的金属氧 1-20
化物
E)香料 香料 适量
过程:
在搅拌下将部分A)、B)和C)加热至85℃。均相后,在搅拌下将部分B)和C)添加至A)。在搅拌下冷却至室温,然后添加部分D)和E)。均化以得到小颗粒尺寸。
实施例15
含颜料的W/O乳
成分 INCI名称 %w/w
A)Cremophor WO 7 PEG-7氢化蓖麻油 6.00
Elfacos ST 9 PEG-45/月桂基二醇共聚物 2.00
PARSOL 1789 丁基甲氧基二苯甲酰甲烷 3.00
Tinosorb S 5.00
PARSOL 5000 4-甲基苯亚甲基樟脑 4.00
微细ZnO 氧化锌 2.00
微晶蜡 微晶蜡 2.00
Miglyol 812 甘油三辛酸/癸酸酯 5.00
维生素E乙酸酯 生育酚乙酸酯 1.00
荷荷芭油 Simmondsia Chinensis种子油 5.00
Edeta BD EDTA二钠 0.10
丁基化羟基甲苯 BHT 0.05
Phenonip 苯氧乙醇,羟苯甲酯,羟苯乙酯,羟苯丙 0.60
酯,羟苯丁酯
B)去离子水 Aqua 加到
100
甘油 甘油 5.00
C)Neo Heliopan AP 2.00
去离子水 Aqua 20.00
KOH 10%溶液 氢氧化钾 4.00
D)生色团涂覆的金属氧化物 1-20
E)香料 香料 适量
过程:
在搅拌下将部分A)、B)和C)加热至85℃。均相后,在搅拌下将部分B)和C)添加至A)。在搅拌下冷却至室温,然后添加部分D)和E)。均化以得到小颗粒尺寸。
实施例16
含维生素C的保护性日霜
成分 INCI名称 %w/w
A)PARSOL SLX 二甲聚硅酮苯亚甲基丙二酸二乙酯 4.00
聚硅酮-15
PARSOL 1789 丁基甲氧基二苯甲酰甲烷 1.50
肉豆蔻酸甘油酯 肉豆蔻酸甘油酯 2.00
鲸蜡醇 鲸蜡醇 0.50
Myritol 318 甘油三辛酸/癸酸酯 5.00
Crodamol DA 己二酸二异丙酯 5.00
维生素E乙酸酯 生育酚乙酸酯 2.00
丁基化羟基甲苯 BHT 0.05
Phenonip 苯氧乙醇,羟苯甲酯,羟苯乙酯,羟苯 0.60
丙酯,羟苯丁酯
Edeta BD EDTA二钠 0.10
Amphisol K 鲸蜡基磷酸钾 2.00
B)去离子水 Aqua 加到100
1,2-丙二醇 丙二醇 2.00
D-Panthenol 75L 泛醇 2.00
乙醇 乙醇 5.00
尿囊素 尿囊素(allantoin) 0.20
Carbopol ETD 2001 Carbomer 0.30
KOH 10%溶液 氢氧化钾 1.50
C)水 Aqua 10.00
Stay-C 50 维生素C磷酸钠 0.50
D)生色团涂覆的金属氧化物 1-20
E)香料 香料 适量
Claims (18)
1.制备被涂覆金属氧化物颗粒的方法,其中用至少一种具有UV-A和/或UV-B和/或UV-C和/或宽带滤光活性的可交联生色团以及可选的至少一种不具有UV-A和/或UV-B和/或UV-C和/或宽带滤光活性的可交联单体来涂覆金属氧化物颗粒,
其中所述至少一种具有UV-A和/或UV-B和/或UV-C和/或宽带滤光活性的可交联生色团是式M(R)n(P)m(Q)q的单体,式中:
M为金属或半金属元素;
R为可水解基团;
P为具有UV-A、UV-B和/或UV-C和/或宽带滤光活性的生色团,其中所述生色团P具有与M化学键合的通式A-(B)b(C)c(D)d(E)e-,其中:A为具有UV-A和/或UV-B和/或UV-C和/或宽带滤光活性的生色团;-(B)b(C)c(D)d(E)e-为间隔基,其中
B为具有至多20个碳原子的直链或支链亚烷基;
C为O、S或NH;
D为CONH-基;
E为具有至多20个碳原子的直链或支链亚烷基或亚烯基;
b为0或1;
c为0或1;
d为0或1;
e为0或1;
Q为不可水解基团;
n为2或3;
m为1或2;
q为0或1,其中n+m+q=4,
其中所述至少一种不具有UV-A和/或UV-B和/或UV-C和/或宽带滤光活性的可交联单体为式M(R)n(Q)q的化合物,其中:M为金属或半金属元素;R为如上定义的可水解取代基,n为2-4的整数;Q为如上定义的不可水解基团,q为0或1;n+q=3或4,
其中,可交联单体与金属氧化物的重量比为0.005至1。
2.如权利要求1的制备被涂覆金属氧化物颗粒的方法,其中金属氧化物颗粒被涂覆以至少一种具有UV-A和/或UV-B和/或UV-C和/或宽带滤光活性的可交联生色团以及至少一种不具有UV-A和/或UV-B和/或UV-C和/或宽带滤光活性的可交联单体,其中,所述具有UV-A和/或UV-B和/或UV-C和/或宽带滤光活性的可交联生色团与所述不具有UV滤光活性的可交联单体的重量比为1∶50-10∶1。
3.如权利要求1的制备被涂覆金属氧化物颗粒的方法,其中所述金属氧化物颗粒是通过溶胶-凝胶工艺涂覆的。
4.如权利要求1的制备被涂覆金属氧化物颗粒的方法,其中所述金属氧化物颗粒通过以下方法被涂覆:在碱的存在下,使水性分散体形式的所述金属氧化物颗粒与至少一种具有UV-A和/或UV-B和/或UV-C和/或宽带滤光活性的可交联生色团以及可选的至少一种不具有UV-A和/或UV-B和/或UV-C和/或宽带滤光活性的可交联单体接触。
5.如权利要求1的制备被涂覆金属氧化物颗粒的方法,其中所述金属或半金属元素M是硅。
6.如权利要求5的制备被涂覆金属氧化物颗粒的方法,其中用于制备所述被涂覆金属氧化物颗粒的所有可交联化合物是含硅单体。
7.如权利要求1的制备被涂覆金属氧化物颗粒的方法,其中至少一种具有UV-A和/或UV-B和/或UV-C和/或宽带滤光活性的可交联生色团是包含至少两个C1-6烷氧基的硅烷单体。
8.如权利要求7的制备被涂覆金属氧化物颗粒的方法,其中用于制备所述被涂覆金属氧化物颗粒的所有单体是包含至少两个C1-6烷氧基的硅烷单体。
9.如权利要求1的制备被涂覆金属氧化物颗粒的方法,其中具有UV-A和/或UV-B和/或UV-C和/或宽带滤光活性的可交联生色团的用量使得最终涂层中的UV吸收剂部分的浓度为0.05-20wt%。
10.如权利要求1-9中任何一项的制备被涂覆金属氧化物颗粒的方法,其中所述金属氧化物选自二氧化钛、氧化锌、氧化锆、氧化铁、氧化铈、上述金属氧化物的混合物以及上述金属氧化物与氧化铝和/或二氧化硅的混合物。
11.如权利要求10的制备被涂覆金属氧化物颗粒的方法,其中所述金属氧化物是二氧化钛或氧化锌或上述金属氧化物的混合物或上述金属氧化物与氧化铝和/或氧化铁和/或二氧化硅的混合物。
12.如权利要求1-9中任何一项的制备被涂覆金属氧化物颗粒的方法,其中所述被涂覆金属氧化物颗粒的初级颗粒尺寸为2-100nm。
13.能够根据权利要求1-12中任何一项的方法获得的被涂覆金属氧化物颗粒。
14.包含如权利要求13的被涂覆金属氧化物颗粒的化妆品或皮肤用组合物,其包含0.01重量%-25重量%的所述被涂覆金属氧化物颗粒。
15.如权利要求14的化妆品或皮肤用组合物,其中还存在其它的UV-A遮光剂和/或UV-B遮光剂和/或UV-C遮光剂和/或宽带遮光剂。
16.如权利要求13的被涂覆金属氧化物颗粒用于稳定UV滤光剂的用途。
17.如权利要求16的用途,其中所述UV滤光剂是二苯甲酰基甲烷或其衍生物。
18.如权利要求13的被涂覆金属氧化物颗粒在保护人体皮肤或毛发抵御UV辐射中的用途。
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EP05006432 | 2005-03-23 | ||
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PCT/EP2006/002185 WO2006099952A2 (en) | 2005-03-23 | 2006-03-09 | Chromophore coated metal oxide particles |
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CN101146872A CN101146872A (zh) | 2008-03-19 |
CN101146872B true CN101146872B (zh) | 2012-08-29 |
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US (1) | US20090291107A1 (zh) |
EP (1) | EP1861465B1 (zh) |
JP (1) | JP5275021B2 (zh) |
KR (1) | KR101264453B1 (zh) |
CN (1) | CN101146872B (zh) |
AT (1) | ATE484552T1 (zh) |
AU (1) | AU2006226649B2 (zh) |
DE (1) | DE602006017524D1 (zh) |
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BRPI0812843A2 (pt) * | 2007-07-02 | 2014-12-09 | Basf Se | Partícula p, pó. formulação líquida, métodos para preparação de partículas, para controle de tamanho de pratícula, para supressão à atividade fotocatalítica de nanopartículas inorgânicas x, para estabilização de absorvedores de uv, e para estabilização de polímeros, e, uso de partículas |
JP2009120700A (ja) * | 2007-11-14 | 2009-06-04 | Niigata Univ | 機能性微粒子及びその製造方法、並びにこれを配合してなる被覆性組成物 |
WO2009101016A2 (de) * | 2008-02-12 | 2009-08-20 | Basf Se | Modifizierte hybride nanopartikel |
DE102008028664A1 (de) * | 2008-06-09 | 2009-12-10 | Beiersdorf Ag | Sonnenschutzmittel mit hohem UV-A-Schutz |
WO2010007039A1 (de) * | 2008-07-18 | 2010-01-21 | Basf Se | Modifizierte zinkoxid-teilchen |
US9572880B2 (en) | 2010-08-27 | 2017-02-21 | Sienna Biopharmaceuticals, Inc. | Ultrasound delivery of nanoparticles |
WO2012027728A2 (en) | 2010-08-27 | 2012-03-01 | Sienna Labs, Inc. | Compositions and methods for targeted thermomodulation |
JP5952676B2 (ja) * | 2012-04-27 | 2016-07-13 | 花王株式会社 | 疎水化処理した酸化亜鉛粒子の製造方法 |
US20150218336A1 (en) * | 2012-08-14 | 2015-08-06 | Empire Technology Development Llc | Uv absorbers on pigments |
EP3272388A1 (en) | 2012-10-11 | 2018-01-24 | Nanocomposix, Inc. | Silver nanoplate compositions and methods |
ES2962589T3 (es) * | 2016-06-27 | 2024-03-20 | Dsm Ip Assets Bv | Composiciones que comprenden micropigmentos |
CN111182884B (zh) * | 2017-09-05 | 2023-01-31 | 维佐尔有限责任公司 | 涂覆有羟基肉桂酸酯和硅烷醇的加合物的无机防晒剂 |
US10696819B2 (en) * | 2017-10-19 | 2020-06-30 | International Business Machines Corporation | Ultraviolet light stabilizing polymeric filler materials |
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IT1231221B (it) * | 1987-09-11 | 1991-11-26 | Enichem Sintesi | Cariche e pigmenti dotati anche di proprieta' stabilizzanti nei riguardi dei polimeri organici e procedimento per la loro preparazione |
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JP5275021B2 (ja) | 2013-08-28 |
US20090291107A1 (en) | 2009-11-26 |
EP1861465A2 (en) | 2007-12-05 |
KR20070113249A (ko) | 2007-11-28 |
AU2006226649A1 (en) | 2006-09-28 |
EP1861465B1 (en) | 2010-10-13 |
WO2006099952A3 (en) | 2007-01-25 |
WO2006099952A2 (en) | 2006-09-28 |
KR101264453B1 (ko) | 2013-05-14 |
CN101146872A (zh) | 2008-03-19 |
ATE484552T1 (de) | 2010-10-15 |
JP2008535959A (ja) | 2008-09-04 |
ES2350493T3 (es) | 2011-01-24 |
DE602006017524D1 (de) | 2010-11-25 |
AU2006226649B2 (en) | 2011-08-25 |
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