CN101126026A - Vegetable field soil improving agent and its preparation method - Google Patents
Vegetable field soil improving agent and its preparation method Download PDFInfo
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- CN101126026A CN101126026A CNA2007101757061A CN200710175706A CN101126026A CN 101126026 A CN101126026 A CN 101126026A CN A2007101757061 A CNA2007101757061 A CN A2007101757061A CN 200710175706 A CN200710175706 A CN 200710175706A CN 101126026 A CN101126026 A CN 101126026A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a vegetable fields soil amendment and a preparation method thereof, pertaining to the technical field of soil amendment. The vegetable field soil amendment comprises the materials: cattle manure, wheat bran, lignite, calcium nitrate, magnesium sulfate, borax, zinc sulfate, ferrous sulfate and water. According to weight proportion, the materials are mixed together and composted to fully ferment. The fermentation product is added with bacillus subtilis agent to make the final product of the soil amendment. The soil amendment of the invention contains rich organic matter, mineral and bacillus subtilis. The base fertilizer of 1000-2000Kg is applied in every 667 m2 of vegetable field, and can effectively improve soil properties of vegetable field, enhance soil power, increase vegetable yield and benefit. The invention has clear purpose and no pollution to environment.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to soil improvement technical field, particularly a kind of vegetable land soil amendment and preparation method thereof.
Background technology
Good edatope is the get bumper crops bases of high-quality and efficient cultivation of vegetables.Vegetable growth speed is fast, multiple crop index is high, a little less than the disease resistance, require soil to have crumb structure preferably, deep loose arable layer, and porosity is suitable, the organic content height, available nutrient is complete, sufficient, and microorganism species is rational in infrastructure etc.
But, the sowing of vegetable area is expanded fast in recent years, farmland without slaking becomes field of vegetables in a large number, irrational cropping system of later stage and field management measure in addition, as continuous cropping, use chemical fertilizer and flood irrigation etc. in a large number, cause the horticultural vegetable field soil deterioration of the ecological environment, be embodied in: soil aggregate destroys, easily harden, permeability reduces; Organic content descends, mineral nutrition lack of balanceization (trace element deficiency in excess load accumulation of nitrogen phosphorus and calcium, zinc, the boron etc.); (" Shanghai vegetables ", 2006 the 6th phases such as pathogenic micro-organism accumulation; " plant nutrition and fertilizer journal ", 2003 the 1st phases).The horticultural vegetable field soil Ecological environment worsening directly causes the vegetable plant strain retarded growth, and yield and quality descends.Therefore, the improvement of horticultural vegetable field soil has become the active demand of current vegetables safety, efficient, Sustainable Production.
Summary of the invention
The present invention at above-mentioned horticultural vegetable field soil situation, provides a kind of vegetable land soil amendment just, can significantly improve physics, the chemistry and biology proterties of horticultural vegetable field soil, promotes growing of vegetables, improves vegetables yield per unit and benefit.
Put forward the preparation method of this vegetable land soil amendment of arch simultaneously.
Vegetable land soil amendment of the present invention forms by following component is composite:
A component: make cow dung 10-30 part, wheat bran 5-10 part, brown coal 1-5 part by the following raw materials in part by weight fermentation, nitrocalcite 0.1-0.3 part, sal epsom 0.1-0.2 part, borax 0.005-0.01 part, zinc sulfate 0.01-0.015 part, ferrous sulfate 0.02-0.03 part, water 18-45 part.
The B component: subtilis (Bacillus subtilis) microbial inoculum, addition are the 2%-8% (wt/wt) of A component, subtilis living bacteria count 〉=0.2 * 10
8Cfu/g.
Vegetable land soil amendment of the present invention, the weight part of preferred described raw material is:
The weight part of the contained raw material of A component is: 25 parts of cow dungs, 10 parts in wheat bran, 3 parts in brown coal, 0.3 part in nitrocalcite, 0.1 part in sal epsom, 0.008 part of borax, 0.01 part in zinc sulfate, 0.02 part in ferrous sulfate, 38 parts in water;
B component bacillus subtilis microbial agent addition is 5% (wt/wt) of A component.
The preparation method of vegetable land soil amendment of the present invention, step is as follows:
1) in the certain part by weight ratio cow dung, wheat bran, brown coal, nitrocalcite, sal epsom, borax, zinc sulfate, ferrous sulfate and water are mixed, natural composting fully ferments;
2) bacillus subtilis microbial agent is added in the A component in described weight part ratio, mix.
After each mixing of materials fermentation, humify index (HI, Humification index) reaches more than 1.4 in the described step 1).
Adopt the present invention to improve horticultural vegetable field soil, concrete using method is: before sowing of vegetable or the field planting, with the base manure form with apply field of vegetables 10-20cm arable layer, every 667m wholely
2 Consumption 1000～2000Kg.
Cow dung is the waste that milk cow, beef cattle are cultured, and contains organic matter 14.5%, nitrogen 0.32%, phosphorus 0.25%, potassium 0.16%, C/N can become the high-quality fertilizer than 23 through fermentation, be manured into soil and help improving soil organic matter content, increase nutrient, reduce viscosity, increase permeability, but, deal with then contaminate environment improperly.
Wheat bran contains xylogen 3%, and Mierocrystalline cellulose 12%, hemicellulose 36%, nitrogen 2.74%, C/N can not only discharge the required nutrient of vegetable growth than 18 through fermenting process, also help breeding and the survival of subtilis.
Brown coal unit weight is little, and is non-caked, contains charcoal 3.53%, nitrogen 0.36%, and phosphorus 0.04%, potassium 0.51%, and be rich in the organic active composition of a large amount of stimulation vegetable growths and rhizospheric microorganism breeding is to improving vegetable growth and the soil micro-ecosystem environment has dual function.
Nitrocalcite, sal epsom, borax, zinc sulfate, ferrous sulfate are agriculture production common chemical fertilizer, contain the essential macroelement of vegetable growth, moderate-element and trace element, and the metabolism of microorganism is also had promoter action.
Adding moisture, mainly is that material moisture is reached about 60%, guarantees rapidly and efficiently carrying out of fermenting process.
In certain part by weight ratio thorough mixing, natural composting fully ferments with above-mentioned material, under the effect of indigenous microorganism, promotes the conversion of material component, reduces the C/N ratio of material, and simultaneously, the high temperature that utilizes fermentation to produce kills harmful pathogenic bacteria and worm's ovum etc.A large amount of soil ulmin that tunning is contained can promote the formation of soil aggregate, strengthen the soil water-reataining fertilizer-keeping ventilation capacity.But, fermentation not exclusively, fertilizer efficiency reduces, and continues fermentation after can causing the mixture of above-mentioned raw materials to execute field of vegetables, produces the high temperature injury vegetable growth, influences seedling rate and output.The present invention is with reference to index with humify index (HI, Humification index), and HI 〉=1.4 show to ferment finishes.Add before the fermentation or fermenting process in the mineral element, particularly trace element that discharge, can remedy the deficiency of horticultural vegetable field soil mineral element, can also guarantee propagation and the survival of subtilis as the nutrient of the subtilis of post incoulation.
Subtilis is very extensive in distributed in nature, and it has stronger prophylaxis effect as one of Plant diseases biocontrol bacteria, and simultaneously, it can produce heat-stable gemma, is easy to formulation processing, survival, grows and breeding surely.The stability of bacillus subtilis microbial agent, all be better than asporogenic bacterium and fungi biocontrol strain with the consistency of chemical pesticide and the consistence of prevention effect.Therefore, succeeded in developing a collection of bacillus subtilis microbial agent at present both at home and abroad, reached etc. as hundred anti-, the Agricultural University Of Shenyang of line Qu Ning, Yunnan Prov Agriculture University and China Agricultural University's cooperative research and development of China Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences research and development and the strong prestige precious, that Zhejiang University researches and develops of root of USDA biological control institute cooperation research and development are green.The U.S. has 4 bacillus subtilis biocontrol strains [GB03, MBI600, QST713 conciliate starch subtilis mutation (B.subtilis var.amyloliquefaciensFZB24)] and obtains Environmental Protection Agency's commercialization or limited commercialization production application permission.Subtilis MBI600 has also obtained registration in Britain, Japan, Switzerland, and allows industrialization production, is used to prevent and treat leaf diseases (gray mold, Powdery Mildew) and root disease (blight, damping-off, canker, root rot, alternaria).Subtilis FZB24 puts into production in German Bayer company, is used to prevent and treat tomato late blight, gray mold and wheat powdery mildew, also can be used as volume increase promotor.The B.subtilis A-B of Australia exploitation has good control and production-increasing function to wheat class and Radix Dauci Sativae damping-off and other soil-borne diseases.The B.subtilis RB14 of Tokyo technical institute and B.subtilis NB22 have good preventive effect to the tomato disease that Fusarium spp, Rhizoctonia spp, Oxysprum and Pseudomonas solanacearum cause respectively.
Add bacillus subtilis microbial agent in the product of the present invention behind cow dung, wheat bran, brown coal, nitrocalcite, sal epsom, borax, zinc sulfate, ferrous sulfate and water mixing fermentation reactor system, the tunning nutrient is comprehensive, balanced, both be beneficial to the survival of subtilis, grown and breeding surely, and can satisfy the requirement of horticultural vegetable field soil improvement again.
The present invention is multi-component solid mixture, during use with the disposable horticultural vegetable field soil that applies of base manure form.Every 667m
2Consumption 1000～2000Kg.By multiple spot test repeatedly, show that the present invention to improving the horticultural vegetable field soil proterties, improves the soil soil fertility, suppress disease and take place, improving vegetable growing output, quality and benefit has obvious effects.
The present invention compares with existing soil improvement agent, have following tangible difference or advantage: with strong points, the present invention be primarily aimed at horticultural vegetable field soil organic and in, trace element deficiency and pathogenic bacteria accumulation propose, and has unique effect to improving the horticultural vegetable field soil proterties; Functional ingredient is various, comprise organic, inorganic components and subtilis, this has also determined integrated function of the present invention, both can improve soil organic matter content, in replenishing, the deficiency of trace element, help to make up the good microbial bacteria group structure of soil again, suppress soil-borne disease and take place; The composite science of each component, help subtilis (biocontrol microorganisms) long-term surviving, grow surely and breed; In addition, the present invention does not contain any objectionable impurities, and is pollution-free to vegetable products and ecological environment security.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 the present invention is to the influence of cucumber yield.
Fig. 2 the present invention is to the production-increasing function of tomato.
Embodiment
The present invention is described in further detail below in conjunction with embodiment.
Embodiment 1.
Raw material sources: cow dung is from Shunyi District milk cattle cultivating field, Beijing, and water content is 5%; Wheat bran is from Daxing District, Beijing flour mill, water content≤2%; Brown coal are from the joyful brown coal in Baoding, Hebei province factory, and water content is 4%; Bacillus subtilis microbial agent (the green pulvis that reaches of prestige) is from Zhejiang University, subtilis living bacteria count 〉=0.2 * 10
8Cfu/g; Nitrocalcite, sal epsom, borax, zinc sulfate, ferrous sulfate are available from The Big Red Gate, Beijing Raw Materials Company of Chemical Industry.
Specific implementation method:
1) vegetable land soil amendment preparation: accurately take by weighing 25 parts of cow dungs, 10 parts in wheat bran, 3 parts in brown coal, 0.3 part in nitrocalcite, 0.1 part in sal epsom, 0.008 part of borax, 0.01 part in zinc sulfate, 0.02 part in ferrous sulfate, 38 parts in water by weight, thorough mixing, the nature fermentation reactor system is 35 days under 24 ℃ of conditions, humify index=1.8 o'clock end.Bacillus subtilis microbial agent adds in the tunning by 5% (wt/wt), mixes.
2) using method: the Miyun County field of vegetables carries out in Beijing, and the spring stubble is a cabbage, gathers June 15 after the end, lies fallow 1 month, July 15, presses every 667m as base manure
2Consumption 1000Kg evenly spreads fertilizer over the fields above-mentioned vegetable land soil amendment to the field piece, and the field of vegetables of turning over immediately plays half high ridge field planting capsicum rice shoot.Capsicum variety is middle green pepper No. 6, spacing in the rows 35cm, wide row space 75cm, little line-spacing 50cm.
In adjacent plot, with every 667m
2Use the 1000Kg farm manure and be contrast.The random alignment design, every sub-district area 100m
2, three repetitions.Other management are all with conventional.
After entering collection period, statistics setting number, single fruit weight, early yield and ultimate production, early yield closes ultimate production and is converted into every 667m
2Output.
Experimental result is as follows:
Table 1 the present invention is to the production-increasing function of capsicum
| Handle | Setting several/strain | Single fruit weight (g/ fruit) | Early yield (Kg/667m 2) | Ultimate production (Kg/667m 2) |
| The present invention's contrast | 27a 21b | 45.3 46.5 | 1682.4 1459.6 | 4125.3a 3140.2b |
Shown in (table 1), less behind use the present invention to the influence of capsicum early yield, but the capsicum ultimate production is had the effect of significantly improving, the ultimate production comparison has reached the significance level of difference according to having improved 31.4%; Further analysing output constitutes, the present invention to the contribution of capsicum ultimate production mainly from the setting number, and little with the single fruit weight relation.
Embodiment 2.
Raw material sources: with embodiment 1.
Specific implementation method:
1) vegetable land soil amendment preparation: accurately take by weighing 10 parts of cow dungs by weight, 5 parts in wheat bran, 1 part in brown coal, 0.1 part in nitrocalcite, 0.2 part in sal epsom, 0.005 part of borax, 0.015 part in zinc sulfate, 0.03 part in ferrous sulfate, 18 parts in water, thorough mixing, the nature fermentation reactor system is 30 days under 25 ℃ of conditions, humify index=1.7 o'clock end.Bacillus subtilis microbial agent adds in the tunning by 2% (wt/wt), mixes.
2) using method: the Zhangjiakou City field of vegetables carries out in Hebei province.April 28, above-mentioned vegetable land soil amendment evenly spreads fertilizer over the fields field of vegetables as base manure, every 667m
2Consumption 2000Kg, the field of vegetables of turning over immediately plays half high ridge plastic film mulching cultivation cucumber rice shoot.Cucumber variety is Tianjin spring No. 4, spacing in the rows row 40cm * 60cm.
In adjacent plot, with every 667m
2Use 2000Kg and become thoroughly decomposed cow dung for contrasting.The random alignment design, sub-district area 100m
2, three repetitions.Other management are all with conventional.
After entering collection period, produce with meter, add up ultimate production at last, and be converted into every 667m with gathering
2Output is contained the melon phase and is got fruit mensuration quality parameter.
Experimental result is seen Fig. 1 and table 2.
Table 2 the present invention is to the influence of cucumber quality
| Handle | Soluble sugar (%) | Soluble proteins (mg/g) | Vc (mg/100g) |
| The present invention's contrast | 3.75 3.32 | 2.00 2.15 | 13.82 11.10 |
As shown in Figure 1, compare with the routine contrast, effect of increasing production of the present invention reaches 21.1%, has reached 5% significant difference level.In addition, the present invention also has good improvement effect to cucumber quality, uses cucumber fruits soluble sugar content behind the present invention, soluble protein content and Vc content and compares respectively according to improving 13%, 7.5% and 24.5%.Illustrate and use the present invention to cooperate Routine Management, can effectively promote cucumber growth to grow, improve the yield and quality.
Embodiment 3. (purpose is that the effect of the present invention to horticultural vegetable field soil proterties and tomato yield adopted in observation continuously)
Raw material sources: bacillus subtilis microbial agent (subtilis Bs-208) is from the biological company limited of Wuhan Tian Hui, subtilis living bacteria count 〉=0.2 * 10
8Cfu/g, other are with embodiment 1.
Concrete operation method:
1) vegetable land soil amendment preparation: accurately take by weighing 45 parts in 30 parts of cow dungs, 8 parts in wheat bran, 5 parts in brown coal, 0.2 part in nitrocalcite, 0.15 part in sal epsom, 0.01 part of borax, 0.013 part in zinc sulfate, 0.025 part in ferrous sulfate and water by weight, thorough mixing, the nature fermentation reactor system is 40 days under 22 ℃ of conditions, humify index=1.6 o'clock end.Bacillus subtilis microbial agent adds in the tunning by 8% (wt/wt), mixes.
2) using method: carry out in Vegetable ﹠ Flower Inst., Chinese Academy of Agriculture Science test farm.Spring in 2004 stubble capsicum, autumn, the stubble cucumber all used above-mentioned vegetable land soil amendment with the base manure form, every 667m
2Consumption 1500Kg, spring in 2005 stubble continue to use the present invention, and consumption is still every 667m
2Consumption 1500Kg, single ridge single file field planting on April 25 tomato hair powder 802 rice shoots, seeding row spacing 40cm * 60cm.
In adjacent plot, with every 667m
2Continuous administration 1500Kg becomes thoroughly decomposed cow dung for contrasting.The random alignment design, sub-district area 100m
2, three repetitions.Other management are all with conventional.
Enter adopt the later stage after, produce with meter with gathering, add up ultimate production at last, and be converted into every 667m
2Output.After tomato is uprooted plants after their edible portions have been harvested, measure horticultural vegetable field soil physics, chemistry and biology characteristic index.
Experimental result sees Table 3,4,5 and Fig. 2.
Table 3 the present invention is to the improving effect of horticultural vegetable field soil physical behavior
| Handle | Unit weight (gcm -1) | Total porosity (%) | Capillary porosity (%) | Noncapillary poropsity (%) |
| The present invention's contrast | 1.15 1.28 | 63.03 58.27 | 38.36 36.91 | 24.67 21.36 |
Table 4 the present invention is to the improving effect of horticultural vegetable field soil chemical property
| Handle | Ca (mg·L -1) | Fe (mg·L -1) | B (mg·L -1) | Zn (mg·L -1) |
| The present invention's contrast | 2572.3 2316.4 | 14.4 5.9 | 1.02 0.78 | 5.4 4.3 |
Table 5 the present invention is to the improving effect of horticultural vegetable field soil biological character
| Handle | Urease (NH 4-Nmg·g -1·24h -1) | Sucrase active (Gluose mlg -1·24h -1) | Phosphatase activity (phenol mgg -1·24h -1) | Catalase activity (KmnO 4 ml·g -1·24h -1) |
| The present invention's contrast | 3.61 3.34 | 0.69 0.45 | 2.45 2.06 | 9.28 8.41 |
As (table 3, table 4, table 5) shown in, continuous three batches are used under the situation of the present invention, and horticultural vegetable field soil physics, chemistry and biology index all have improvement in various degree, and the soil weight reduces by 11.3%, total porosity improves 8.2%, calcium contents improves 11.0%, and micro-total amount (Fe, B, Zn) has improved 89.6%, and various soil enzyme activitiess are also in rising trend.From tomato yield (Fig. 2), use the present invention continuously, tomato yield reaches 6235Kg/667m
2, and contrast only 5164Kg/667m
2, amount of increase in production reaches 20.7%.Prove absolutely that the present invention can improve the horticultural vegetable field soil proterties effectively, for the vegetables high-yield cultivating provides the basis.
Claims (5)
1. vegetable land soil amendment is characterized in that by following A, the B component is composite forms:
A component: mix fermentation reactor system by following raw materials in part by weight and obtain cow dung 10-30 part, wheat bran 5-10 part, brown coal 1-5 part, nitrocalcite 0.1-0.3 part, sal epsom 0.1-0.2 part, borax 0.005-0.01 part, zinc sulfate 0.01-0.015 part, ferrous sulfate 0.02-0.03 part, water 18-45 part.
The B component: subtilis (Bacillus subtilis) microbial inoculum, addition is the 2%-8% of A composition weight, described bacillus subtilis microbial agent living bacteria count 〉=0.2 * 10
8Cfu/g.
2. the described vegetable land soil amendment of claim 1, it is characterized in that described A component is obtained by following raw materials in part by weight mixing fermentation reactor system, 25 parts of cow dungs, 10 parts in wheat bran, 3 parts in brown coal, 0.3 part in nitrocalcite, 0.1 part in sal epsom, 0.008 part of borax, 0.01 part in zinc sulfate, 0.02 part in ferrous sulfate, 38 parts in water; Described B component is a bacillus subtilis microbial agent, and addition is 5% of an A composition weight.
3. the preparation method of claim 1 or 2 described vegetable land soil amendments, step is as follows:
1) in the certain part by weight ratio cow dung, wheat bran, brown coal, nitrocalcite, sal epsom, borax, zinc sulfate, ferrous sulfate and water are mixed, natural composting fully ferments;
2) bacillus subtilis microbial agent is added in the A component by described part by weight, mix and get final product.
4. according to the preparation method of the described vegetable land soil amendment of claim 3, it is characterized in that the material humify index (HI, Humification index) of described abundant fermentation reaches more than 1.4.
5. the using method of vegetable land soil amendment, be with claim 1 or 2 described vegetable land soil amendments as base manure, consumption is every 667m
2Field of vegetables applies 1000～2000Kg.
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| CN106673893A (en) * | 2016-12-04 | 2017-05-17 | 钦州市星火计划办公室 | Grassland soil conditioner and preparation method thereof |
| CN108610213A (en) * | 2018-05-30 | 2018-10-02 | 上海盛坤生物科技有限责任公司 | A kind of high-carbon biological soil amendment and its preparation method and application |
| CN108929155A (en) * | 2018-07-27 | 2018-12-04 | 海南现代设施农业研究院有限公司 | A kind of base manure and preparation method thereof being adapted to protection land soil |
| CN110982534A (en) * | 2019-12-12 | 2020-04-10 | 四川长虹格润环保科技股份有限公司 | Method for preparing soil heavy metal composite passivator by utilizing kitchen waste |
| CN111732954A (en) * | 2020-04-16 | 2020-10-02 | 武汉市秀谷科技有限公司 | Farmland soil conditioner and preparation method and use method thereof |
| CN113214005A (en) * | 2021-05-11 | 2021-08-06 | 湖北倍得农业科技有限公司 | Composite soil conditioner and preparation method thereof |
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