CN108610213A - A kind of high-carbon biological soil amendment and its preparation method and application - Google Patents
A kind of high-carbon biological soil amendment and its preparation method and application Download PDFInfo
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- CN108610213A CN108610213A CN201810543024.XA CN201810543024A CN108610213A CN 108610213 A CN108610213 A CN 108610213A CN 201810543024 A CN201810543024 A CN 201810543024A CN 108610213 A CN108610213 A CN 108610213A
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- soil
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- soil amendment
- amendment
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/80—Soil conditioners
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
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Abstract
High-carbon biological soil amendment disclosed by the invention is prepared by coal particle, microorganism formulation, sulfate, sand, nitrogenous filler and water.The invention also discloses the preparation method and application of the high-carbon biological soil amendment.The present invention is that basic raw material generates through biochemical reaction and meets the soil conditioner of ecological, environmental protective requirement with natural coal, and it is the problems of universal effectively to solve agricultural soil, builds up fertility, improves crop and yield.The reparation that the high-carbon biological soil amendment of the present invention is reduced for lean soil, desertification soil, sandy soil, saline-alkali soil, dregs, mining area spoir, cultivated plant soil hardening, acidification, salination, fertility.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to soil conditioning preparation preparing technical field, more particularly to a kind of high-carbon biological soil amendment and its
Preparation method and application.
Background technology
It is one more with carbon, microorganism, minerals (N P and K sulphur etc.) etc. that ecological environment (especially ploughs and plant soil) to soil
The organic system of constitutive equation.When the system imbalance then means that ecological environment of soil goes to pot, and necessarily seriously affects crops
Growth.
It is long-term blindly largely to use n p k fertilizer and pesticide due to pursuing high yield, cause soil ecosystem unbalance, lacks
Carbon is serious, and microorganism species atrophy disappears, and causes soil hardening, acidification, pest and disease damage is wreaked havoc or even soil desertification, crops
Quality decline.Therefore, there is an urgent need for repair to improve for soil.
Current soil conditioner technology stresses using chemical means or only imposes bio-bacterial manure merely, promotes crops quick
Growth is increased and decreased supplement adjustment to n-p-k element and pH value.This kind of technology is palliative, is not enough to fundamentally change
Become the situation of soil degradation.
Knowledgeable people thinks that the problem of China's agricultural soil is more than and lacks the elements such as N P and K, and is mainly missing from carbon member
Element, the task of top priority are supplement carbon.Member of Chinese Academy of Engineering, Agricultural University Of Shenyang professor Chen Wenfu point out：China's farmland soil loamy texture
Amount drastically declines, and the content of organic matter reduces, and mollic is thinning, and acidification phenomenon is serious, and the pH value of some southern red loams has been less than
2.6.Liao's ancestor's culture and education at Agricultural University Of South China's new fertilizer the Study on Resources center, which is awarded, to be pointed out：Applying quantity of chemical fertilizer constantly increases, and " carbon is short
Plate " is more prominent, the problems such as causing crop low yield, poor quality, resistance to reduce, and mends carbon and can effectively improve soil carbon/nitrogen ratio, improves
The utilization rate of nitrogenous fertilizer.Therefore supplement charcoal will be at currently most urgent one of measure.
It is having of generating after the fermentations such as agricultural crop straw, Stock raising waste and riverway sludge that tradition, which mends carbon major way,
Machine fertilizer.But there are harmful substances such as a large amount of antibiotic, hormone, heavy metals in this kind of organic fertilizer, be not suitable for using, and low
Production technology and ability cannot be satisfied extensive agromeliorative needs.
In view of severe soil degradation situation, market there is an urgent need to can treating both manifestation and root cause of disease, can replacing fertilizer pesticide (or part is replaced
Generation), existing recent high yield and high quality production estimation, and the new soil recuperation agent that can improve the excellent function such as soil for a long time goes out
It is existing.The present invention comes into being.
Invention content
The first technical problem to be solved by the present invention be for existing soil conditioner technology stress chemical means or
Bio-bacterial manure is only imposed merely, promotes crops fast-growth, i.e., n-p-k element and pH value is given simply increasing and decreasing supplement
Adjustment.This kind of technology is palliative, is not enough to fundamentally change the situation of soil degradation.The present invention proposes one kind with soil
Eco-environment Factors balance is theoretical foundation, using coal particle, microorganism, sand, trace mineral, water and other fillers etc.
For component, reasonable compatibility, treating both manifestation and root cause of disease, the high-carbon biological soil amendment with excellent soil remediation improved function.
The second technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide the preparation method of above-mentioned high-carbon biological soil amendment.
The third technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide the application of above-mentioned high-carbon biological soil amendment.
As the high-carbon biological soil amendment of first aspect present invention, by the raw material preparation of following mass percent
At：
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the coal particle is minus 100 mesh coal particle.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the minus 100 mesh coal particle be selected from the low-order coals such as mud coal, lignite and
One kind in bituminous coal, sulphur coal or arbitrary two or more mixing, preferably sulphur coal.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the microorganism formulation is the mixing of both biological enzyme and biological bacteria,
The mass ratio of the two is 0.007~0.3:0.005~1.5.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the biological enzyme is oxidoreducing enzyme, hydrolase, transferase, cracking
One kind in enzyme or arbitrary two or more mixing.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the biological enzyme is catalase, cellulase, urase, phosphoric acid
One kind in enzyme, chitinase, protease or arbitrary two or more mixing.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the biological bacteria be rhodopseudomonas spheroid, it is the flat lead fungi of yellow born of the same parents' raw wool, white
One kind in rotten fungi or arbitrary two or more mixing.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the sulfate is ferric sulfate, magnesium sulfate, sodium sulphate, zinc sulfate, sulphur
One kind in sour copper or arbitrary two or more mixing, preferably sulfuric acid magnesium.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the nitrogenous filler is feather meal, guano, blood meal, fishbone dust
In one kind or arbitrary two or more mixing, preferred feather meal.
The preparation method of high-carbon biological soil amendment as second aspect of the present invention, preparation process are as follows：
(1) it is 100 mesh or less to be crushed feed coal, be sized to grain size；
(2) said ratio is pressed, the sulfate of 0.005~0.5% microorganism formulation and 0.01~4% is dissolved in excess water
In, it is uniformly mixed；
(3) by solution atomization in (2), it is uniformly sprayed to 60~80% coal particle surface prepared in (1), is stirred evenly
Mixing is placed 6~10 hours；
(4) by 20~40% sand and 5~10% nitrogenous filler and coal particle in (3) it is equal in stirrer for mixing
It is even；
(5) disc granulation or drum granulating are used, drying, cooling, screening, packaging are to get finished product.
The application of high-carbon biological soil amendment as third aspect present invention, be used for lean soil, desertification soil,
The reparation that sandy soil, saline-alkali soil, dregs, mining area spoir, cultivated plant soil hardening, acidification, salination, fertility reduce.
As a result of technical solution as above, the invention has the advantages that：
1. the soil conditioning for meeting ecological, environmental protective requirement is made with natural coal for basic raw material through biochemical reaction by the present invention
Agent, it is the problems of universal effectively to solve agricultural soil, builds up fertility and crop and yield.
2. the natural coal of the present invention with soil there is homology, the chemical composition of rock, soil and coal to compare referring to such as
The following table 1：
Table 1
As it can be seen from table 1 the element of soil and coal forms indifference, only content is different.And in coal organic carbon and
Element is much higher needed for the crops such as N P and K sulphur.Therefore, natural coal is the basic material of ideal ecological organic fertilier.I
State's coal resource rich reserves were used mainly as the energy in the past, but environmental issue is the more, if largely used as organic fertilizer raw material
In agromelioration, the new outlet of good resource of can yet be regarded as.
3. the elements threes such as carbon, microorganism, N P and K sulphur balance is the core of agricultural soil benign structure.Carbon, especially
Organic carbon is microorganism species " food "；Microorganism species are the accumulators of the elements such as N P and K sulphur, and the members such as N P and K sulphur
Element is the essential raw material of crop growth.When three's reasonable balance, soil fertility is stablized, and disease-resistant crops ability increases
By force, it grows fine, quality and yield can all improve.When carbon supplement deficiency, microorganism species atrophy, organic matter is necessarily made to reduce fertility
Decline, it is also useless to impose chemical fertilizer much more again, and the problems such as can only making soil hardening, acidification is more serious, and current China is agrological
Main problem is that three caused by " carbon is hungered and thirst " is uneven, and it is exactly to have caught the key for solving soil issues to have caught and mended carbon.
4. the microorganism formulation in high-carbon biological soil amendment of the present invention mainly has two big functions：Decompose, gather nitrogen etc.
Element makes inorganic carbon be converted to for plant absorption and fracture chemical chain can be dissolved in the small molecule organic carbon of water, in favor of microorganism
Flora is formed.The initiation that sulfate in high-carbon biological soil amendment of the present invention gathers as coal particle depolymerization and minerals at
Point, the nitrogen needed for nitrogenous filler supplement plant.High-carbon biological soil amendment of the present invention can oppose according to soil regime
It should adjust.
5. high-carbon biological soil amendment of the present invention chemistry, microorganism synergistic effect under, coal reservoir gradually by
It decomposes, carboxyl carbon, aliphatic side chains carbon compound increase, and the content of oxygen and nitrogen increases, and active organic carbon increases in soil, improves soil
Water lock, the lock nutrient ability of earth, increase soil fertility.
6. high-carbon biological soil amendment of the present invention advantageously forms soil granular, increases the gas permeability of soil, hardened soil
It is improved.
7. high-carbon biological soil amendment of the present invention can adsorb heavy metal, decomposing pesticide in soil and remain, excitation has
Bacteria group generate, the substances such as secondary metabolite, biological antibiotic element of Microbiological release, can with accelerated decomposition organic matter, to
Stimulation release nutriment, improves plant rhizosphere microbe group, promotes biological nitrogen fixation, adjustment functional auxiliary materials that sand can be transformed
Unconcerned Cheng Gengzhi soil improves salt-soda soil crop yield and quality.
Specific implementation mode
The preparating example of high-carbon biological soil amendment.
Example 1：Take 60% lignite, hydrolase and white-rot fungi according to mass ratio 0.007 by mass percentage：0.005
It is combined into 0.012% microorganism formulation, 1% ferric sulfate, 20% sand, 5% feather meal and 13% water.
Example 2：Take 65% bituminous coal, catalase and Phanerochaete chrysosporium according to mass ratio by mass percentage
0.1：0.45 is combined into 0.55% microorganism formulation, 2% magnesium sulfate, 15% sand, 7% feather meal and 11% water.
Example 3：Take the 70% red false born of the same parents bacterium of sulphur coal, protease and ball according to mass ratio 0.3 by mass percentage：1.5
It is combined into 1.8% speck preparation, 3% sodium sulphate, 10% sand, 9% blood meal and 15% water.
The present invention will be described in detail by taking high-carbon biological soil amendment prepared by examples detailed above 2 as an example below, and high-carbon biology is native
The testing result and application effect of earth conditioner, as space is limited, the inspection of high-carbon biological soil amendment prepared by remaining embodiment
Testing result and the application effect for surveying high-carbon biological soil amendment prepared by result and application effect and example 2 are essentially identical,
It repeats no more.
High-carbon biological soil amendment prepared by examples detailed above 2 is tested according to NY525-2012, NY/T1971-2010
Detection, the results are shown in Table 1
Table 1
High-carbon biological soil amendment warp prepared by examples detailed above 2《Fertilizer registers acute oral toxicity test and evaluation is wanted
It asks》NY1980-2010 acute oral toxicity tests, LD of the sample to the acute oral of male and female mouse505000mg/kg is all higher than,
True border is non-toxic.
One, high-carbon biological soil amendment prepared by examples detailed above 2 applies field trial on acid soil
In order to verify application effect of the high-carbon biological soil amendment of the preparation of examples detailed above 2 on tropical acid soil,
Field capsicum and corn plot experiment is scheduled in Hainan Province Dengmai County in October, 2016 in August, 2017 in applicant, with
Phase provides scientific basis for the further genralrlization application of the product.
1. test material and method
1.1. test site and material to be tested
It is hot pepper 309 for examination capsicum variety, Sweet corn variety is summer king.Test site is located at Hainan Province Dengmai County Jin Annong
.Preceding crop is rice.Soil nutrient basic condition is shown in Table 3 before experiment.
3 testing site soil nutrient basic condition of table
1.2. experimental design
Field plot trial is carried out continuously two capsicum, corn Growing Season of Crops.6 processing of experiment setting, it is each to locate
Reason is repeated 3 times, and is amounted to and is needed 18 cells.Plot area is 40m2, random alignment.It base manure and preceding is chased after twice during pepper planting
Fertile nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer, potash fertilizer type are respectively urea, calcium superphosphate, potassium chloride, third time, the 4th time and the 5th top dressing application
Composite fertilizer.Nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer, potash fertilizer type are respectively urea, calcium superphosphate, potassium chloride during corn planting.In this experiment, high-carbon
Biological soil amendment is all made of base and applies mode, is disposably manured into soil.Wherein, it is used in first batch of capsicum transplanting pre-conditioning agent
The mode of ditch spread, Hot Pepper Seedling distance apply ditch 10cm or so.Before second batch of corn seeding by the way of spreading manuer in holes, point is applied
Between two plants of maize seedlings.Shown in high-carbon biological soil amendment and applying quantity of chemical fertilizer such as following table (table 4, table 5).(table 4 and table 5
In high-carbon biological soil amendment be referred to as conditioner)
4 field trial of table handles Survey design
5 capsicum of table and corn fertilizing mode and dose
1.3. test method
For the Pepper of each experimental plot harvest every placing, weighing, cumulative calculation cell capsicum is total when capsicum is picked every time
Yield.Each experimental plot takes fruit 5 at random, takes back laboratory and weighs, and 105 DEG C of water-removing 60min, 85 DEG C of drying are weighed, passed through
It crosses after being ground up, sieved, measures the nitrogen content in pepper fruit, and calculate fruit dry-matter accumulation amount.April 26 capsicum last
After secondary picking, each experimental plot selects 3 plants of plant, and the nutrient content in plant is measured after above-mentioned processing.At second
When picking capsicum, 3~4 layers of pepper fruit among each experimental plot acquisition plant, after drying, grinding, using high-efficient liquid phase color
Spectrum measures capsaicine and Dihydrocapsaicin content.
It is paid to each experimental plot to carry out survey production when corn on July 6 harvests.Each cell is chosen representative
5 plants of plant, after overground part is removed carry out root system sampling, cauline leaf, seed is separated, 105 DEG C water-removing 30min after 85 DEG C drying
And weigh, dry matter weight of aerial parts accumulation is calculated, and using the nitrogen content at Kjeldahl nitrogen determination different tissues position.Corn
Seed measures seed sugariness after homogenate, using sugariness meter.
Pedotheque is acquired after crop harvest, each processing acquires 0~20cm soil layer soil samples.The fresh soil sample mistake of field acquisition
After 2mm sieves, stone and root system residuum are removed, a part is used for the measurement of soil enzyme activities, and another part measures soil after air-drying
PH, organic matter, cation exchange capacity (CEC) and nutrient.Field capacity is measured using core cutter method.The measurement of soil enzyme activities makes
With microwell plate fluorescence method.Soil sample after air-drying, being ground up, sieved, using determination of electrode soil pH, potassium dichromate oxidation
The soil organism, Kjeldahl nitrogen determination soil alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen and full nitrogen are measured, spectrophotometer method measures soil ammonium, nitre state
Nitrogen, available phosphorus and full phosphorus, flare photometer measure available potassium.Molybdenum blue colorimetric method is respectively adopted in soil activation silicon, Al-single crystal
With aluminium porcelain enamelling colorimetric method.
2. result and analysis
2.1. influence of the high-carbon biological soil amendment to yield of hot pepper and quality
Four pickings of Pepper, pick pepper fruit yield each time and total output are as shown in table 6 during experiment.Each fertilising
It handles each harvest yield and is all remarkably higher than the control CK (P≤0.05) that do not apply fertilizer.Single fertilizer processing picking (March 1) for the first time
Yield is up to 462.0kg/ mus, but other picking amounts three times are below the processing of addition high-carbon biological soil amendment.Just
For the capsicum total output of four pickings, do not apply fertilizer CK and Single fertilizer CF processing respectively 653.3kg/ mus, 1576.2kg/
Mu.After adding high-carbon biological soil amendment, yield of hot pepper has different degrees of increase (4.2- than Single fertilizer CF
14.3%)；It is up to 1801.2kg/ mus that wherein SCU4, which handles yield, and the SCU2 of addition high-carbon biological soil amendment,
SCU3 and SCU4 processing yield of hot pepper is all remarkably higher than Single fertilizer processing.
6 different soils conditioner of table matches the influence (kg/ mus) applied to yield of hot pepper with nitrogenous fertilizer
Capsaicine and Dihydrocapsaicin are two important indicators for characterizing Quality of Capsicum.The CK that do not apply fertilizer is handled in pepper fruit
Capsaicin content is close with Single fertilizer CF processing, less than the processing (table 7) of addition high-carbon biological soil amendment.With high-carbon
The increase of biological soil amendment dosage, capsaicin content increase；SCU4, SCU3 processing capsaicin content are higher, respectively
For 0.903g/kg and 0.862g/kg, it is all remarkably higher than do not apply fertilizer CK processing and Single fertilizer CF processing (P≤0.05).Each examination
It is similar to capsaicine to test processing Dihydrocapsaicin content size order, CK ≈ CF<SCU1<SCU2<SCU3<SCU4；SCU4、SCU3
Processing Dihydrocapsaicin content is respectively 0.473g/kg and 0.396g/kg, and SCU4 processing Dihydrocapsaicin content is significantly higher than CK
(0.283g/kg) and CF processing (0.279g/kg).
7 different soils conditioner of table and difference of the nitrogenous fertilizer with Quality of Capsicum under the conditions of applying
2.2. the variation of soil physico-chemical property and enzymatic activity after capsicum harvests
Soil silica-alumina ratio is SiO in soil2And Al2O3The ratio of content, solid mineral aluminium in acid condition easily by
It activates and is easy to be absorbed by plants, soil acidification can speed up the activation of Aluminium in Soil so that activated aluminum contains in the soil liquid
Amount has the tendency that therefore, aluminium is considered as the one of the major reasons for causing crop production reduction on acidified soil in obviously increasing.It is logical
Often think the SiO in soil2Content be it is stable, variation it is smaller, therefore can with silica-alumina ratio come express high-carbon biological soil conditioning
Change of the agent to acidic soil structure, silica-alumina ratio is higher, shows that active aluminium content is lower in soil, and plant growth is impacted more
It is small；Silica-alumina ratio is lower, shows that active aluminium content is higher in soil, plant growth is impacted bigger.Analyzed by table 8 it is found that although
Soil activation SiO is respectively handled after capsicum harvest2, activity Al2O3, the difference of silica-alumina ratio content it is not notable, Single fertilizer CF and application
High-carbon biological soil amendment improves soil activation SiO2Content has been respectively increased 4.35%, 5.90%~8.07%.Singly apply
Chemical fertilizer CF processing soil activations Al2O3Up to 2.53%, increase 11.45% than control of not applying fertilizer；With high-carbon biological soil tune
Reason agent, which is matched, applies processing activity Al2O3Content is declined, and 1.58%~10.67% is reduced than Single fertilizer.Soil silica-alumina ratio is with list
CF handles minimum (1.34) to fertilize, and than not applying fertilizer, control is low by 6.29%；With the increasing of high-carbon biological soil amendment amount of application
Add, soil silica-alumina ratio steps up；Compared with Single fertilizer, addition high-carbon biological soil amendment processing soil silica-alumina ratio improves
2.99%~15.67%.Each test process water-retaining quantity among field of soil and unit weight difference are smaller, and respectively 339.9g/kg~
353.3g/kg and 1.137g/cm3~1.171g/cm3。
The variation of soil activation silicon, activated aluminum and silica-alumina ratio after 8 capsicum of table harvest
Each experiment process soil pH significant difference (P≤0.05) after capsicum harvest.Compared with the CK that do not apply fertilizer, Single fertilizer CF
It handles soil pH and declines 0.62 unit；Risen using soil pH after high-carbon biological soil amendment, wherein SCU4 processing
Soil pH ratio CF improves 0.20 unit.The Single fertilizer CF processing soil organism is minimum (2.29%), soil organic matter content
It is gradually increased, wherein SCU3 (high-carbon biological soil amendments with the increase of high-carbon biological soil amendment amount of application
400kg/ mus) it is up to 2.85%, it is significantly higher than CF processing (table 9).
Under the conditions of same nitrogen is put into, with the increase of high-carbon biological soil amendment dosage, soil ammonium, nitre state
Nitrogen, full nitrogen and quick-acting potassium content step up；SCU3 processing soil ammonium, nitrate nitrogen, quick-acting potassium content are all remarkably higher than list
CF processing to fertilize.Soil available phosphorus and content of tatal phosphorus are with Single fertilizer CF highests, respectively 83.47mg/kg, 0.81g/kg.
Nitrogenous fertilizer decrement treatment SCU4 soil ammoniums, available phosphorus content are below CF processing (table 9)
Each test process soil physical and chemical property after 9 capsicum of table harvest
Soil enzyme activities analysis uses microwell plate fluorescence method, utilizes substrate and enzyme hydrolysis release 4-methyl umbelliferone acyl (4-
MUB the principle of fluoroscopic examination) is carried out.The fresh soil for acquiring 5cm or so at fertilising, determines cellobiohydrolase
(CBH), β -1,4- xylosidases (β X), β -1,4- glucuroides (β G), β -1,4-N- acethylglucosaminidases
(NAG) and 5 kinds of enzymatic activitys of acid phosphatase (ACP), wherein CBH, β X and β G are the important enzymes for participating in soil cellulose degradation, this
3 kinds of enzymes characterize three important steps of soil carbon cycle；NAG participates in the degradation of chitin and peptide glycan in nitrogen cycle；ACP can
Hydrolyze the important substrate phosphoric acid polysaccharide and phosphate in soil phophorus cycle.It learns by analysis (table 10), soil enzyme in this experiment
Active ACP>βG>NAG>CBH ≈ β X illustrate that ACP in soil, β G, the ability of NAG participation Soil Nutrient Transformations are stronger.It does not apply
Fertile CK processing soil enzyme activities and the not notable (P of Single fertilizer CF differences>0.05).After adding high-carbon biological soil amendment, this 5
Kind enzymatic activity has different degrees of raising.Compared with other processing, SCU4 handles soil CBH, β G and NAG activity highests, point
Not Wei 39.6nmol/g/h, 203.1nmol/g/h and 162.8nmol/g/h, be all remarkably higher than Single fertilizer CF processing, raising
Amplitude is respectively：43.5%, 22.7% and 35.1%.Soil β X, ACP activity handle highest, respectively 34.9nmol/ with SCU3
G/h, 636.6nmol/g/h, are significantly higher than CF processing, and amplification is respectively：22.0% and 40.7%.
Variation (the unit of soil enzyme activities after 10 capsicum of table harvest：nmol/g/h)
The change of capsicum different tissues position nitrogen content and Fertilizer recovery under the conditions of 2.3 application high-carbon biological soil amendments
Change
Fertilizer treatment capsicum cauline leaf, fruit nitrogen content and plant amount of nitrogen sucking are not substantially less than fertilizer treatment (table 11).Often
It is 46.7kg/ mus to advise fertilizer treatment plant amount of nitrogen sucking, and under 200~400kg/ mus of fertilizing standards of soil conditioner, plant inhales nitrogen
Amount is 49.8~50.1kg/ mus, increases by 6.6%~7.3%.Similarly, be conducive to improve nitrogenous fertilizer recycling using soil conditioner
Rate, SCU1, SCU2, SCU3, SCU4 improve 2.2%, 5.4%, 5.4%, 29.1% than conventional fertilizer application (CF) respectively；Wherein SCU4
Fertilizer recovery is significantly higher than other processing.
The variation of table 11 capsicum different tissues position nitrogen content and Fertilizer recovery
Influence of the 2.4 high-carbon biological soil amendments to corn yield and quality
Fertilizer treatment (CK) corn plant height, single luxuriant fresh weight, yield are not substantially less than fertilizer treatment (table 12).It is each to apply
Corn difference in plant height is smaller between fertilizer processing, does not reach the level of signifiance.SCU1 and SCU2 processing corn list bud fresh weights are higher,
Respectively 373.3g, 375.2g are significantly higher than SCU4, and corn volume variance is not notable between other fertilizer treatments.Corn produces
SCU2 highest 17688.9kg/ha are measured, than Routine control CF output increaseds 6.5%.After adding high-carbon biological soil amendment, sweet tea
Corn sugar content increases, with the CK and to fertilize compared with CF of not applying fertilizer, can increase by 0.91%~1.02% between each processing,
0.13%~0.24% sugar content, and compared with CK processing of not applying fertilizer, difference reaches the level of signifiance (P≤0.05).
12 different soils conditioner of table matches the influence applied to corn yield with nitrogenous fertilizer
The variation of soil physico-chemical property and enzymatic activity after 2.5 corns harvest
Second batch of corn after the test, by the measurement to soil physico-chemical property, analyze reclamation result.
As shown in Table 13, high-carbon biological soil amendment amount of application is the soil activation SiO of 400kg/ mus of processing (SCU3)2Content highest
(3.80%), it is significantly higher than CK (P≤0.05), improves 12.09% than Single fertilizer processing, illustrate to add high-carbon biological soil tune
Reason agent is conducive to soil activation SiO2Raising.Single fertilizer handles soil activation Al2O3Content highest (3.36%), it is significantly high
In CK (P≤0.05), illustrate that Single fertilizer promotes soil activation Al2O3Release.Soil silica-alumina ratio, which is not applied fertilizer, compares CK highests
It is 1.41, is significantly higher than Single fertilizer processing CF (1.02).Compared with CF, with the increasing of high-carbon biological soil amendment amount of application
Add, soil silica-alumina ratio steps up, and amplification tests the amplification up to 21.6%~30.4%, and second batch of corn and is higher than
The amplification of one batch of capsicum experiment.Each test process water-retaining quantity among field of soil and unit weight difference are smaller, and respectively 303.5g/kg~
308.2g/kg and 1.155g/cm3~1.193g/cm3。
The variation of soil activation silicon, activated aluminum and silica-alumina ratio after 13 corn of table harvest
Single fertilizer CF handles soil pH minimum 4.92, with the increase soil pH of high-carbon biological soil amendment dosage
It steps up, wherein SCU3 ratios CF improves 0.16 unit (table 14).Single fertilizer CF processing soil organic matter contents are minimum
2.30%；As the increase soil organic matter content of high-carbon biological soil amendment dosage significantly improves, SCU2, SCU3 and SCU4
It is respectively 2.74%, 2.83%, 2.75% to handle soil organic matter content, is all remarkably higher than CF processing.With high-carbon biology soil
The increase of earth conditioner dosage, soil ammonium, nitrate nitrogen, alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen and total nitrogen content step up；Wherein SCU3 and SCU4
Processing soil ammonium content is significantly higher than other each processing；SCU3 processing nitrate nitrogens are significantly higher than other each processing；
SCU3 processing alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen contents are significantly higher than CK；SCU2 and SCU3 handles full nitrogen and is significantly higher than CF and CK.Soil available phosphorus content
With CF processing highests (42.77mg/kg), this is relatively low related with the soil pH.Soil total nitrogen is minimum to compare CK, significantly low
In other each fertilizer treatments, and difference is not notable between fertilizer treatment.Each processing soil available nitrogen content CK<CF<SCU1<SCU2
<SCU3<SCU4；Although difference is not notable between each fertilizer treatment, with the increase of high-carbon biological soil amendment dosage, soil
The trend that quick-acting potassium content is improved.
It is respectively handled shown in soil enzyme activities such as following table (table 15) after corn harvest.Measurement result class after being harvested with capsicum
Seemingly, different fertilization has a significant impact soil carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus cycle related enzyme activity.Soil enzyme activities ACP>βG>NAG>
CBH≈βX.Carbon cycle relevant enzyme and ACP activity increase, however NAG activity is less than the soil enzymatic activities after capsicum harvest
Property.High-carbon biological soil amendment amount of application is 200kg/ mus of processing (SCU2 and SCU4) and 400kg/ mus of processing (SCU3)
Soil enzyme activities is all remarkably higher than CK processing (P≤0.05).
Each processing β X, NAG, ACP activity are according to processing SCU3>SCU4>SCU2>SCU1>CF>CK is continuously decreased, SCU3,
The β X of SCU4, SCU2 processing increase 85.5% than CK respectively, 70.8%, 63.1%, NAG increase 92.0% than CK respectively,
79.3%, 75.0%, ACP activity increases 54.3%, 49.1%, 42.6% than CK respectively.Soil CBH and β G activity is to handle
SCU4>SCU3>SCU2>SCU1>CF>CK is continuously decreased, and the CBH activity of SCU4, SCU3, SCU2 processing is increased than CK respectively
113.5%, 101.0%, 73.4%, β G activity increases 58.6%, 44.1%, 34.5% than CK respectively.
Variation (the unit of soil enzyme activities after 15 corn of table harvest：nmol/g/h)
3. conclusion
(1) yield and quality of pepper fruit, wherein SCU4 (soil tune can be improved by applying high-carbon biological soil amendment
Manage 200kg/ mus of agent N/ mus of+42kg) and SCU3 (N/ mus of+57kg of 400kg/ mus of soil conditioner) two combined treatments capsicum
Yield is higher, and per mu yield is more than 1700kg；This two capsaicines handled and Dihydrocapsaicin content are also all remarkably higher than and singly apply
Chemical fertilizer processing.
(2) under conventional nitrogen amount applied, be conducive to the raising of corn yield using high-carbon biological soil amendment, increase production width
Degree 5.1~6.5%, wherein with SCU2 (N/ mus of+15kg of 200kg/ mus of soil conditioner) highest.SCU4 handles corn yield
It is relatively low, it is related with nitrogen insufficient investment；Difference is not notable between remaining each fertilizer treatment.Meanwhile it being improved using high-carbon biological soil
Agent also contributes to the increase of corn sugar, with the CK and to fertilize compared with CF of not applying fertilizer, it can increase by 0.91% between each processing~
1.02%, 0.13%~~0.24% sugar content, and compared with the CK that do not apply fertilizer, difference reaches the level of signifiance (P≤0.05).
(3) under conventional nitrogen amount applied, using 200~400kg/ mus of high-carbon biological soil amendment, first season capsicum harvest
Soil pH 0.06~0.08 unit higher than Single fertilizer afterwards, the soil organism improve 0.37~0.56%, and soil silica-alumina ratio carries
It is high by 0.08~0.21；Soil pH improves 0.09~0.16 unit than Single fertilizer after second season corn harvest, and soil is organic
Matter improves 0.44~0.53%, and soil silica-alumina ratio improves 0.22~0.31；Wherein SCU3 handles soil ammonium, nitrate nitrogen and complete
Nitrogen content is all remarkably higher than Single fertilizer processing.
(4) soil enzyme activities is significantly improved using high-carbon biological soil amendment, is especially applied in second season corn
Afterwards, 200kg/ mus of addition, 400kg/ mus of processing soil carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus related enzyme activity are significantly higher than un-added CK processing,
Wherein cellobiohydrolase activity improves 73.4~113.5%, β-Isosorbide-5-Nitrae-N- acethylglucosaminidase activity and improves
75.0%~92.0%.
The above analysis, the high-carbon biological soil amendment are reducing soil activation aluminium, are improving acid soil pH, sial
There is preferable effect in terms of rate, soil enzyme activities and nutrient, be conducive to the promotion of soil fertility, promote suction of the crop to nutrient
It receives, improve Fertilizer recovery, the effect of increasing production on capsicum, corn is apparent, is also beneficial to Quality of Capsicum and corn sugariness
Raising.
Two, high-carbon biological soil amendment prepared by examples detailed above 2 applies field trial on silt loam
Applicant in 2016 has carried out the high-carbon biological soil amendment of the preparation of examples detailed above 2 in Dongtai City strip mud reclamation area
Using experiment, experimental field soil property is silt loam, and lowly (organic matter and available phosphorus content are low), salinity contains flat, neat, fertility
2-6 ‰ is measured, it is representative on Jiangsu Province's coastal region saline-alkali soil.
Field plot trial in 2016 arranges corn and rice test.Meanwhile sweet potato is also carried out and peanut area is
The crop field wide field trial demonstration that trial zone area is 182 square metres, high-carbon biological soil amendment dosage is 275,000 grams/acre, table
It applies, tractor rotary tillage mixing.
1. rice plot experiment brief summary
According to Ministry of Agriculture agricultural industry criteria NY/T 497-2002《Fertilizer effect identifies field plot technique regulation》's
It is required that in 2016 in Dongtai City of Jiangsu Province strip mud reclamation area setting high-carbon biological soil amendment rice field microcell application effect
Fruit is tested.
1.1. for trying soil
Experiment is located at Dongtai City strip mud reclamation area, and experimental field soil property is silt loam, and flat, neat, fertility is lowly (organic
Matter and available phosphorus content are low), salt content 2-6 ‰ is representative on Jiangsu Province's coastal region saline-alkali soil.
1.2. for trying fertilizer
High-carbon biological soil amendment compares as conventional fertilizer application processing.
1.3. for studying object
It is rice for studying object, the rice transplanting phase is late June.
1.4. processing setting
Experiment sets 7 processing altogether, respectively：
Processing 1：Control 1, conventional fertilizer application (CK1)；
Processing 2：Control 2, conventional fertilizer application+organic fertilizer (CK2)
Processing 3：Low dosage, high-carbon biological soil amendment (L)；
Processing 4：Middle dosage, high-carbon biological soil amendment (M)；
Processing 5：High dosage, high-carbon biological soil amendment (H)；
Processing 6：Fertilizer is reduced, and high-carbon biological soil amendment+base manure is reduced 20% (FR1).
Processing 7：Fertilizer is reduced, and high-carbon biological soil amendment+base manure is reduced 40% (FR2).
Each processing is repeated 3 times.In addition to fertilizer treatment is different, other management measures are consistent for field management.Plot area is
2m*2m, 6 row of rice, every 12 cave of row, per 5 plants of cave.It is used according to micro-plot experiment field layout drawing and each processing fertilizer before Rice Cropping
Amount, fertilizer is manured into soil according to different disposal microcell, and with topsoil rice cultivation after mixing.
Field plot is arranged and testing program is shown in Table 16
Table 16
1.5. pilot survey and data acquisition
Respectively in rice main growth period：Jointing-booting stage, full heading time and During Grain-filling investigation field rice life
Long character.After harvest, each cell is weighed respectively calculates yield.Surface layer (0-20cm) is acquired to each cell in rice main growth period
With table lower layer (20-40cm) pedotheque, the main physical and chemical index of soil fertility is analyzed.To propose the high-carbon life of Jiangsu Coastal salt-soda soil
Object soil conditioner is improved the soil method and technology.
The measurement of rice biological amount is shown in Table 17
Table 17
Soil analysis the results are shown in Table 18：Table 18
Salinity and pH measurement results are shown in Table 19 tables 19
1.6. main result and discussion：
1.6.1. yield：It being significantly increased using the rice yield of high-carbon biological soil amendment, conditioner dosage is more,
Yield is higher.667 kilograms of high-carbon biological soil amendment, increasing production of rice 9.41% are used per acre.
1.6.3. soil property：Salinity, pH and compare no significant difference using after high-carbon biological soil amendment.
After high-carbon biological soil amendment, the soil organism significantly increases
2, corn plot experiment brief summary
According to Ministry of Agriculture agricultural industry criteria NY/T 497-2002《Fertilizer effect identifies field plot technique regulation》's
It is required that in 2016 in the application effect examination of Dongtai City of Jiangsu Province strip mud reclamation area setting high-carbon biological soil amendment field plot
It tests.
2.1. for trying soil
Experiment is located at Dongtai City strip mud reclamation area, and experimental field soil property is silt loam, and flat, neat, fertility is lowly (organic
Matter and available phosphorus content are low), salt content 2-6 ‰ is representative on Jiangsu Province's coastal region saline-alkali soil.
2.2. for trying fertilizer
Soil conditioner：High-carbon biological soil amendment compares as conventional fertilizer application processing.
2.3. for studying object
It is corn for studying object, the corn seeding phase is the first tenday period of a month in June.
2.4. processing setting
Experiment sets 5 processing altogether, respectively：
Processing 1：Control, conventional fertilizer application (CK)；
Processing 2：Low dosage, high-carbon biological soil amendment (L)；
Processing 3：Middle dosage, high-carbon biological soil amendment (M)；
Processing 4：High dosage, high-carbon biological soil amendment (H)；
Processing 5：Fertilizer is reduced, and nano-sized carbon new-type fertilizer+base manure is reduced 30% (FR).
Each processing is repeated 3 times.In addition to fertilizer treatment is different, other management measures are consistent for field management.Plot area is
3m*4m plants 4 rows per cell, using wide-narrow row planting.According to micro-plot experiment field layout drawing and each processing fertilizer before corn planting
Expect dosage, fertilizer be manured into soil according to different disposal microcell, and with topsoil maize planting after mixing.
20 field microcell of table handles fertilizer amount
2.5. pilot survey and data acquisition
Before on-test, trial zone mixed soil surface layer sample is acquired.
Respectively in corn main growth period：Jointing stage, typhon mouth phase, tasseling stage and maturity period investigation field corn growth
Character.After harvest, each cell is weighed respectively calculates yield.Corn main growth period to each cell acquisition surface layer (0-20cm) and
Table lower layer (20-40cm) pedotheque analyzes the main physical and chemical index of soil fertility.
Table 21Ph and salinity measurement result
22 soil organism measurement result of table
2.6. sweet potato, peanut test situation
It has also carried out within 2016 sweet potato and peanut uses conditioner check experiment.Trial zone area is 182 square metres big
Field wide field trial demonstration, high-carbon biological soil amendment dosage are 275,000 grams/acre, top application, tractor rotary tillage mixing.
Sweet potato is using after high-carbon biological soil amendment in the experiment of high-carbon biological soil amendment, and growing way is vigorous, in July
The last ten-days period encounter especially big insect pest (primary pest is prodenia litura), it has been found that can be subtracted significantly using high-carbon biological soil amendment
A situation arises for light insect pest.After sweet potato harvesting, using high-carbon biological soil amendment than unused high-carbon biological soil amendment
Ipomoea batatas production obviously increases, increasing degree 70%.
2.7. Main Conclusions
2.7.1. yield：It is significantly increased using the rice yield of high-carbon biological soil amendment, high-carbon biological soil tune
Reason agent dosage is more, and yield is higher.667 kilograms of high-carbon biological soil amendment, increasing production of rice 9.41% are used per acre.
2.7.2. soil property：Salinity, pH and compare no significant difference using after high-carbon biological soil amendment.
After high-carbon biological soil amendment, organic matter significantly increases in dryland soil corn trials.Compare the soil organism from
5.9g/kg promotes the 11.6g/kg to high dosage.
2.7.3. in the experiment of sweet potato, late July encounters especially big insect pest (primary pest is prodenia litura), Wo Menfa
Now using high-carbon biological soil amendment that can mitigate insect pest significantly, a situation arises.After sweet potato harvesting, high-carbon biological soil tune is used
Reason agent is obviously increased than the Ipomoea batatas production of unused conditioner, increasing degree 70%.
Claims (11)
1. high-carbon biological soil amendment, which is characterized in that be prepared by following weight percent raw material：
2. high-carbon biological soil amendment as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the coal particle is minus 100 mesh coal
Grain.
3. high-carbon biological soil amendment as claimed in claim 2, which is characterized in that the minus 100 mesh coal particle is selected from mud
One kind in the low-order coals such as coal, bituminous coal, lignite, sulphur coal or arbitrary two or more mixing, preferably sulphur coal.
4. high-carbon biological soil amendment as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the microorganism formulation be biological enzyme with
The mass ratio of the mixing of both biological bacterias, the two is 0.007~0.3:0.005~1.5.
5. high-carbon biological soil amendment as claimed in claim 4, which is characterized in that the biological enzyme be oxidoreducing enzyme,
One kind in hydrolase, transferase, lyases or arbitrary two or more mixing.
6. high-carbon biological soil amendment as claimed in claim 4, which is characterized in that the biological enzyme is hydrogen oxide enzyme, fibre
The plain enzyme of dimension, urase, phosphatase, chitinase, one kind in protease or arbitrary two or more mixing.
7. high-carbon biological soil amendment as claimed in claim 4, which is characterized in that the biological bacteria is the red false unit cell of ball
Bacterium, the flat lead fungi of yellow born of the same parents' raw wool, one kind in white-rot fungi or arbitrary two or more mixing.
8. high-carbon biological soil amendment as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the sulfate is ferric sulfate, sulfuric acid
One kind in magnesium, zinc sulfate, copper sulphate or arbitrary two or more mixing.
9. high-carbon biological soil amendment as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the filler is feather meal, seabird
One kind in excrement, blood meal, fishbone dust or arbitrary two or more mixing.
10. the preparation method of the high-carbon biological soil amendment described in any one of claim 1 to 9 claim, feature exist
In comprising the steps of：
(1), it is 100 mesh or less feed coal to be crushed, be sized to grain size；
(2), by said ratio, the sulfate of 0.005~0.5% microorganism formulation and 0.01~4% is dissolved in excess water,
It is uniformly mixed；
(3), by solution atomization in (2), it is uniformly sprayed to 60~80% coal particle surface prepared in (1), is stirred evenly mixed
It closes, places 6~10 hours；
(4), by 20~40% sand and 5~10% nitrogenous filler and coal particle in (3) it is uniform in stirrer for mixing；
(5) disc granulation or drum granulating are used, drying, cooling, screening, packaging are to get finished product.
11. the application of the high-carbon biological soil amendment described in any one of claim 1 to 9 claim, which is characterized in that use
In lean soil, desertification soil, sandy soil, saline-alkali soil, dregs, mining area spoir, ploughs and plant soil hardening, acidification, salination, fertility drop
Low reparation.
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| CN112544160A (en) * | 2020-12-02 | 2021-03-26 | 郑州大学 | Experimental method for influence of soil conditioner on rhizosphere soil microorganisms and quality of tobacco plants |
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| CN102701885A (en) * | 2012-06-29 | 2012-10-03 | 陕西盛丰农业科技有限公司 | Soil conditioner |
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